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Mat121 Lecture Note On Composite Inverses of Functions

This document contains lecture notes on functions and their composition from a mathematics class. It discusses concepts like: 1) The composition of two functions f(x) and g(x), which is written as f∘g and means applying g(x) first and then f(x). 2) One-to-one (injective) functions, where each element in the domain maps to a unique element in the range. 3) Onto (surjective) functions, where every element in the range is mapped to from the domain. 4) Inverse functions, where the inverse of f(x) is written as f^-1(x) and involves making x the subject of

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79 views13 pages

Mat121 Lecture Note On Composite Inverses of Functions

This document contains lecture notes on functions and their composition from a mathematics class. It discusses concepts like: 1) The composition of two functions f(x) and g(x), which is written as f∘g and means applying g(x) first and then f(x). 2) One-to-one (injective) functions, where each element in the domain maps to a unique element in the range. 3) Onto (surjective) functions, where every element in the range is mapped to from the domain. 4) Inverse functions, where the inverse of f(x) is written as f^-1(x) and involves making x the subject of

Uploaded by

Ub Usoro
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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www.covenantuniversity.edu.

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Raising a new Generation of Leaders

MAT121
FUNCTIONS: a continuation

S.O. Edeki
Composition of functions

. Let f ( x) & g ( x) be two functions. Then, the


composition of f ( x) & g ( x) is a new function
obtained by following a certain rule. Thus,
f g  ( x)  f g  f  g ( x)   f  g 
is obtained by taking g ( x) FIRST then f ( x).

S.O. Edeki
2
Ex5: Composition of functions

. (a) Let f  x   x +3 and g  x   2 x  1 , find:


2

(i) f g (ii) g f (iii) Is g f  f g ?

(b) Let f  x   2 x, m  x   x  1, and g  x   e ,


x

then find: (i) g f (ii) g f m

S.O. Edeki
3
0ne-to-0ne (1-1) functions {Injectivity}

. A function f  x   y for f : X  Y is said


to be 1-1 if elements in the domain are NOT
assigned to the SAME element in the range.
Mathematically, f  x  is 1-1 if:
f  x1   f  x2   x1  x2

S.O. Edeki
4
A graph of One-One (1-1) function
.

S.O. Edeki
5
A graph of NOT One-One (1-1) function {MANY-ONE}

S.O. Edeki
6
Ex6: 0ne-to-0ne (1-1) functions {Injectivity}

. Determine if the following functions are 1-1:


(a)
(i) g  x   2 x  1 (ii) f  x   x  4 (iii) v  x   x
2 3

(iv) h  x   3 x  4 (v) m  x   k , (a constant)


Note: *** Horizontal line test of injectivity
****: Domain restriction for injectivity

S.O. Edeki
7
0ne-to-0ne & onto functions {}
A function on the two sets X & Y as:
.
f : X  Y is said to be onto if x  X
 y Y s.t. f  x   y.

Note: for ONTO functions, ALL members


of set Y are used.

S.O. Edeki
8
A graph of a One-One (1-1) BUT not an ONTO function

S.O. Edeki
9
A graph of a NOT One-One (1-1) BUT an ONTO function

S.O. Edeki
10
A graph of BOTH One-One (1-1) & ONTO function
{Bijective Functions}

S.O. Edeki
11
Ex: Pre-test (Inverse of a function)

. Find the inverse of the following functions:

(a) f ( x)  x (b) g( x)  2 x  2
x
(c) h( x)  1  (d) p( x)  x  4
2

S.O. Edeki
12
Inverse of a function
The inverse of a function f ( x)  y is
. 1
denoted as f ( x).
1
The steps to compute f ( x) are:
(a) Replace the function f ( x) by y,
(b) Make x the subject of the formula,
1
(c) Attach f (in the LHS) and y  x (RHS).
S.O. Edeki
13

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