1.
Introduction
1.1 Rational
Homegardens for in situ conservation of plant biodiversity in Holeta Town. In the
garden data collection 75 homegardens were randomly selected. Ethnobotanical data were
collected using homegarden observation, semi-structured interviews and market survey.
Data were analyzed using preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, and descriptive
statistics. A total of 112 plant species belonging to 93 genera and 43 families were
identified which were classified to 14 functional groups. Out of which, 49 species (43%)
were herbs, 32 species (29 %) were trees, 28 species (25 %) were shrubs, and (3%) species
were climbers. Further analysis of the results showed that 70 species were cultivated, 35
were wild while 7 species were Ethiopia domesticated. Of the cultivated species, 41.07%
were food crops and 58.93% were non-food crops. Family Fabaceae consisted of the
highest number of species (11 species), whereas Ensete ventricosum was the most
frequently occurring species (93.75%) in the homegardens of the area. Garden was
managed by males (47.93%) and females (38.41%). Of the total plant species, 13% were
medicinal plants, out of which 33.33% were nutraceutical plants. Direct matrix analysis
showed that Juniperus procera was the most important versatile species followed by
Cordia africana. These results indicate that homegardens studied play a crucial role in
food security of the households and conservation in situ of these plant resources. However,
insufficient agricultural support, small- sized gardens and the shifting of polycultural
farming to few income generating food crops affect the diversity of species.
So Homegarden is commonly defined as land use systems involving deliberate
management of multipurpose trees and shrubs in intimate association with annual and
peren-nial agricultural crops and invariably, livestock within the compounds of individual
houses, the whole tree-crop- animal unit being intensively managed by family labour
1.2. Objective
In this critical journal review I make I want to compare some of journal to know the
diversity Homogarden in the Earth Especially Holleta Town,Euthopia. I do because to
fulfill my job desk (assignment) of Diversity Of Living Things.
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1.3 Summary
Biodiversity is crucial for survival, health and well-being of humans. It is giving
greater resilience to ecosystems and organisms (Qualset et al., 1995). Complex, diversified
and highly traditional rooted part of plant biodiversity con-servation and utilization is
found in homegardens (Kumar and Nair, 2006; Zemede, 2004).Homegardens are variously
named in English language as agroforestry homegardens, backyard gardens, farm-yard,
roof top garden, homestead farms, gardens (Kumar and Nair, 2004). In Ethiopia, a very
common Amharic vernacular name equivalent for the term homegarden is “Yeguaro-
ersha”, in Oromo vernacular language is “eddo” means a land at a backyard of a house
(Zemede, 2001).
Homegarden is commonly defined as land use systems involving deliberate
management of multipurpose trees and shrubs in intimate association with annual and
peren-nial agricultural crops and invariably, livestock within the compounds of individual
houses, the whole tree-crop- animal unit being intensively managed by family labour
(Christanty, 1990; Kumar and Nair, 2004). Such systems and Fresco, 1993) and in situ
conservation of agrobiodi-versty (FAO 2001; Watson and Eyzaguirre, 2002). Gene-rally,
homegardens serve as refuges to a number of plant species, particularly those not widely
grown in the larger agroecosystems. Moreover, they are the place of enor-mous indigenous
knowledge (Eyzaguirre and Linares, 2004).
In Ethiopia, inventory and documentation of home gardens are very few. It has
been concentrated in south and southwestern parts of Ethiopia (Zemede and Zerihun, 1997;
Tesfaye, 2005; Talemos Seta, 2007; Abebe et al., 2010). Thus, the study was initiated to
increase the know-ledge of homegardens of northwestern Ethiopia, speci-fically in west
part of Ethiopia, Holeta Town region. We provided analysis regarding plant species,
management practices of local people and their contribution for agro-biodiversity
conservation in this region.
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2. Discussion
2.1 Analysis
From the main journal we know Ethiopia is one of the eight world’s centers of origin
and diversity of agricultural products. The tremendous variety and complexity of genetic
resources results from in situ conservation of plants traditionally grown in homegardens
.However, home-gardens are currently under threat of genetic erosion such as, the
displacement of great variety of landraces by few high-yielding varieties, loss of traditional
knowledge of cropping patterns and management practices, socio-economic factors and
drought .This finding points to isolation- A total of 112 plant species were identified and
docu-mented from the study area (Appendix I). These plant species were classified into 93
genera and 43 families. The commonly represented families were Fabaceae which contains
11 species, followed by Rutaceae and Poaceae in the second rank, which contain 8 species
each, and Solanaceae in the third with 7 plant species. The richest homegarden contained
47 species; where-as, the poorest garden contained 4 species and the mean was 22 species
per homegarden. Among the recorded species, only 34 species (26.79%) were found in all
study sites and 5 species in only two homegardens. From 112 plants species identified,
6.25% were indigenous plants such as E. ventricosum, Juniperus procera (Appendix I); 35
species were wild plants which grow, and 70 species were cultivated crops.
Then, in another journal, in Sweden,Europe I got Biodiversity in in Homo garden
just kind the soil,based particularly bacterial biodiversity not animal and plant,is much
higher than previously imagined. Recent advances in techniques, many of nucleic
acidbased, have given us the tools for inspecting the black box of soil biodiversity. For
example, even in 200- year-young volcanic soils, bacterial species richness was very high
2.2. Connection
This journal discuss about the difference between the diversity of Homogarden In
Euthopia and the sweden. from the first journal we know that the environmental conditions
and the way we save them to grow nd develop influences to characterictics of the seed and
color of each plant,like agricultural support/ extension service (81.25%) the main
biological factors B. oleracea, Prunus persica, and S. tuberosum. Then in second journal I
know that biodiversity homorgarden based soil and Soil heterogeneity is not only due
to soil texture, layering, etc. but also to current influence of biological bacteria activity.
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2.3.Plus and Minus
This journal shown the deeply explanation with the detail methods that used in.
also, the author completely it with the Graphic and the list plant was grew up on it,then
Homogarden characteristics places where the Bacteria in soil belongs (in the second
journal). Then they gave the table about total of Totalevery kinds of Plants (in the first
journal). But they did not explain the negative impact if one plant grew up in
one(Homogarden) the way they calculate about kind plant of. They gave the graphic, but
they did not that picture of each plant althougt that plant just one kind to planted on it.
They told about the advantages of their method,what the planning an dprofit after do that .
2.4. Point and Position
Main point of these journals is to know the diversity Use Homogarden (in situ)
some area in the Earth, they are in Euthophia and Sweden. The researchers tried to explain
about how great the diversity of homegarden species in Holeta Town depends on
various indigenous manage-ment activities. developed indigenous knowledge about
the preparation, classification and cultivating of E. ventricosum. E. Ventricosum* (*The
plant planted in Homogarden In Euthopia) is a versatile crop that is used for food, fodder,
medicinal and other uses,. The position of these journal haven’t can be a standart data to
do another experiments about diversity of maize. The researchers need to complete their
explanation about follow-up plan their experiments like the form what the produce like
traditional medincine plant and food kind of it.
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3. Conclusion
The results of this study indicated that homegardens in Holeta Town had high
species diversity and a rich floristic composition that is worthy of in situ conservation of
plant biodiversity, trial sites of new variety of income source vegetables and other species.
In addition, homegardens provide significant contributions for the gardener and the society
as source of supplementary food, medicinal func-tions, and income. However, insufficient
agricultural sup-port, small sized garden and disease and pests affect the diversity of
species. If these challenges receive attention by concerned institutions and researchers, the
hotspot will maintain its existing biodiversity and traditional mana-gement systems on a
sustainable basis in the future
4. References
TesfayeAbebe, K.F Wiersum, F. Bonger F (2010). Spatial and temporal variation in crop diversity
in agroforestry homegardens of southern Ethiopia Belachew W, Zemede A, Sebsebe D (2003).
Ethnobotanical Study of Useful Plants in Daniio Gade (Homegardens) In Southern Ethiopia.
Ethiop. J. Biol. Sci., 2(2): 119-141.
Heneghan, L., Coleman, D.C., Crossley, D.A., Zou, X., 1999. Nitrogen dynamics in
decomposing chestnut oak (Quercus prinus L.) in mesic temperate and tropical forest.
Appl. Soil Ecol. 13, 169±175.
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CJR OF DIVERSITY OF LIVING THINGS
“The role of homegardens One plant and bacteria for in situ conservation biodiversity in
Holeta Town,Ethiopia and Sweden “
Created By:
Kristian Felix Silalahi
4173342005
Bilingual Biology Education 2017
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2017
