CHAPTER -1

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Automation is a trending topic in the 21st century making it play an important role
in our daily lives. The main attraction of any automated system is reducing human
labour, effort, time and errors due to human negligence. With the development
of modern technology, smart phones have become a necessity for every person
on this planet. Applications are being developed on Android
systems that are useful to us in various ways, The advantages of using voice as an
interfacing medium are malty ford. Firstly we would do away with or significantly
decrease the need of training for operating technology.

Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce

the need for human work in the production of goods and services.

Home/office automation is the control of any or all electrical devices in our home
or office.

There are hundreds of products available today that allow us control over the
devices automatically, either by remote control; or even by voice command. The
Wireless Home Automation System is an integrated system to facilitate elderly
and disabled people with an easy-to-use home automation system that can be
fully operated based on speech commands. The system is portable and
constructed in a way that is easy to install, configure, run, and maintain. A typical
wireless home automation system allows one to control house hold appliances
from a centralized control unit which is wireless. These appliances usually have to
be specially designed to be compatible with each other and with the control unit
for most commercially available home automation systems.

The project demonstrates a system that can be integrated as a single portable unit
and allows one to wirelessly control lights, fans, air conditioners, television sets,
security cameras, electronic doors, computer systems, audio/visual equipment’s
etc. and turn on or off any appliance that is plugged into a wall outlet, get the status
of different sensors and take decision accordingly. The overall system is controlled
from a microphone which is connected with HM 2007 speech recognition chip.

1.1 BASIC BLOCK DAIGRAM

[ Fig.1 Basic Block diagram of voice controlled home automation ]
Bee transceiver. The remote system receives the commands through ZigBee
transceiver and performs the request function. The sensors unit is capable of
detecting when the user enters or leaves the room by measuring the change in
signals strength between the access Point and can accordingly turn on or off
appliances such as lights and fans and in the meantime send its status back to base
station.

[Figure 2. Handheld microphone with voice recognition unit in the base station]

Home automation is not a new concept in today ‟s world, it is used to provide

convenience for user to remotely control and monitor the appliances and it
provides a better use of electricity. The efficient use of electricity makes the
HOME automation to play an important role in daily life. As by the growth of PC
(personal computers), internet, mobile phone and wireless technology makes it
easy for a user to remotely access and controls the appliances. A lot of research has
been done and many solutions have been proposed to remotely access the HOME
appliances. Some of them used internet, wireless technology to communicate and
control home appliances, others used Bluetooth and GSM technology for
controlling the home appliances.
Proposed method reduces the wiring and complexity of the system. It has no
geographical limitation and can be used on any GSM network; it provides
portability to the system. It is mainly focused on the elderly people, disables and
for the people who are unable to type text or face difficulties in typing. For the
disable people, it is quite difficult to operate the HOME appliances physically or
they are unable or feel uncomfortable to type a text so as to switch on/off the
relative device as in [1] [7] [9]. So a system has been developed to monitor the
Appliances remotely by simply running the mobile application and giving voice
command. The mobile application efficiently converts the voice command to text
and transfers it to the GSM network. It is affordable to everyone, cheap and easy
to install.

1.2 REMOTE STATION

The remote station will operate with same +5 V power supply. The remote station
microcontroller receives the digital signal commands from the base station using
the Zigbee wireless protocol and performs the request function. On the basis of
command signals received it will update the status of relay switches board. It also
read the sensors values and update the LCD status on the remote station. The
sensors unit is capable of detecting when the user enters or leaves the room by
measuring the change in signals strength between the access Point and can
accordingly turn on or off appliances such as lights and fans and in the meantime
send its status back to base station.

[ Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram of Remote station Unit ]

1.3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF VOICE CONTROLLED HOME
AUTOMATION

[ Fig.4 Block diagram of voice control Home Automation ]

1.4 HOME AUTOMATION

Home/office automation is the control of any or all electrical devices in our home
or office, whether we are there or away. Home/office automation is one of the most
exciting developments in technology for the home that has come along in decades.
There are hundreds of products available today that allow us control over the
devices automatically, either by remote control; or even by voice command.
Home automation (also called domestics) is the residential extension of "building
automation". It is automation of the home, housework or household activity. Home
automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating,
ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, and other systems, to provide
improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Disabled can
provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require
caregivers or institutional Home office automation is the control of any or all
electrical devices in our home or office, whether we are there or away.
Home/office automation is one of the most exciting developments in technology
for the home that has come along in decades. There are hundreds of products
available today that allow us control over the devices automatically, either by
remote control; or even by voice command.
Home automation (also called domestics) is the residential extension of "building
automation". It is automation of the home, housework or household activity. Home
automation may include centralized control of lighting, HVAC (heating,
ventilation and air conditioning), appliances, and other systems, to provide
improved convenience, comfort, energy efficiency and security. Disabled can
provide increased quality of life for persons who might otherwise require
caregivers or institutional.
2.0 NEED OF AUTOMATION

Earlier, we looked into the face of future when we talked about

automated devices, which could do anything on instigation of a
controller, but today it has become a reality.
a) An automated device can replace good amount of human working
force, moreover humans are more prone to errors and in intensive
conditions the probability of error increases whereas, an automated
device can work with diligence, versatility and with almost zero error.
Replacing human operators in tasks that involve hard physical or
monotonous work. Replacing humans in tasks done in dangerous
environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear facilities,
underwater, etc) Performing tasks that are beyond human capabilities
of size, weight, speed, endurance, etc.

2.1 SUPPY UNIT

Initial stage of every electronic circuit is power supply system which
provides required power to drive the whole system. The specification of
power supply depends on the power requirement and this requirement is
determined by its
rating. The main components used in supply system are:

transformer
rectifier
input filter
regulator
output filter
output indication

2.2 Transformer:
The main source of power(Fig 1) supply is a transformer. The maximum
output power of power supply is dependent on maximum output power
of transformer We determine power from its current and voltage rating.
e.g.: if there is a transformer of 12V, 500mA then maximum power
delivered by transformer is 6Watt.
It means we can drive a load from this transformer up to 6w. In our
project our maximum power requirement is 1watt. So to provide this
power we use 12V/250mA transformer. The maximum output power of
this transformer is 4watt.it means it can easily drive load up to 4 watt.
2.3 Rectifier
Rectifier is a circuit which is used to convert ac to dc. Every electronic
circuit requires a dc power supply for rectification. We have used four
diodes.
2.4 Input filter:
After rectification we obtain dc supply from ac but it is not pure dc it
may have some ac ripples .To reduce these ripples we use filters. It
comprises of two filters –low frequency ripple filter and high frequency
ripple filter. To reduce low frequency ripples we use electrolytic
capacitor. The voltage rating of capacitor must be double from incoming
dc supply. It blocks dc and passes ripples to ground.
2.5 Regulator:
Regulator is a device which provides constant output voltage with
varying input voltage. There are two types of regulators-
(a) Fixed voltage regulator
(b) Adjustable regulator
We have used fixed voltage regulator LM78XX last two digits signify
output voltage. The voltage for our system is 5V that is why we have
used 7805 regulator which provides 5V from 12V dc.
2.6. Output indication

We use LED to observe the functioning of our system. If the LED glows
it confirms proper functioning of our supply. We have used four power
supply units.
This supply is for the microcontroller, display and relay unit. . The
microcontroller requires 5 volt supply to perform any desired task.

2.7. Control Unit

Two control units were used one for internal system and one for external
system and these control unit based on ATMEL’sAT89S52
microcontroller(Fig 2). The given capture shows the pins and basic
requirement of microcontroller to make it functional. Detailed
description of the controller is given as follow;

[ Fig. 5 Chip Board ]

The on-chip Downloadable Flash allows the program memory to be
reprogrammed in-system through an SPI serial interface or by a
conventional nonvolatile memory
programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Downloadable
Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful
microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective
solution to many embedded control application.

CHAPTER - 3
3.0 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF VOICE
CONTROLLEDHOME AUTOMATION

[Fig.6 circuit diagram of voice controlled home automation ]

3.1 MICROCONTROLLER 8051

Since the project’s focus is on embedded hardware and software control, the
microcontroller is the heart of the system. The microcontroller selected for this
project must be able to read values from sensors through analog to digital
convertor, send and receive signals from RF module and must be able to display
them to LCD. Any 8-bit microcontroller can be chosen for this purpose. The
AT89S51 was selected as it satisfies these requirements A 11.0592 MHz crystal
oscillator was also used in conjunction with the 8051 to provide the necessary