Random Vibration Best Practices
Random Vibration Best Practices
Practices
OptiStruct
David M. Aguilar
Tuesday, September 25, 2018
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Table of Content
• Random Response Background
• Random Response Inputs
• Random Response Setup in OptiStruct
• Post Processing
• Stresses
• Response Spectrums
• Dynamic Responses
• Drawing Conclusions
• Common Mistakes
• Next Steps and Conclusion
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Scope of document
In Scope: Out of Scope:
- Background of random response analysis - Creating a PSD input profile from data
- Single direction excitation - Multi direction excitation
- Analysis setup - Random response fatigue analysis
- Key outputs and interpreting results - Test-analysis correlation
- Common Mistakes
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Material Properties
Input Excitation
TABDMP1
Second Subcase
SPCD
RLOAD2
Key
TABLED1
Load Collectors
Excitation
Direction
Unit of
Acceleration
Notes:
• 1g (9810 [mm/s^2]) in Y, between 1 and 1000 [Hz].
• The value of uniform damping, 2.5%, is applied as
critical damping which is twice that value (0.05).
• Modes should be calculated for 1.5x to 2x
excitation range.
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
8 TABRND1
Random PSD input excitation must
Response be in log-log
9 RANDPS Analysis
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Post Processing
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Stress Dynamic
Stress Contours
Spectrums Responses
Stresses
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Response Spectrums
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Response Spectrums
Important outputs that give significant insight to the
response of a particular element are its response
spectrums. Response spectrums will show frequencies
at which the element strongly responds to the input. In
order to get these graphs, unsupported cards must be
created before the solution is calculated.
- Navigate to the Analysis Panel and select Control
Cards
- On the first page select Case_Unsupported_Cards
- Enter XYPLOT or XYPEAK.
- E.g. XYPLOT,STRESS,PSDF/ elem#1(Stress
component), elem#2(Stress component), … ,
elem#n(stress component). Sxx1 Stress Spectrum
Response Spectrums
Problem
Frequencies
The spectrum shows that the two frequencies that respond the strongest to the input and
contribute the most to the stress are 29 [Hz] and 96 [Hz]. The motion of the component
at these frequencies should be reviewed in order to make design change suggestions.
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Responses
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Dynamic Response
After the stress spectrums have been reviewed and a
few interesting frequencies have been identified, it is
time to study the dynamic response of the system at
those frequencies.
Drawing Conclusions
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Drawing Conclusions
The ultimate goal of running a PSD analysis is generating fatigue damage values. In situations where
that has not been done, there are several ways to evaluate results. It should be noted that these
methods are purely rules of thumb and ways to quickly evaluate results. They should not be used as
the final determination of a design’s robustness.
𝑈𝑇𝑆
• Ultimate tensile strength by half: If the 3𝜎 RMS VM stress is below then the component should
2
not fail due to fatigue. This should not be applied to welds.
• Stress below fatigue limit: If the 1𝜎 RMS VM stress of a component is below the fatigue limit of the
material, the system should not fail due to fatigue.
Fatigue is the result of stresses repeatedly occurring in a material. Therefore, these rules of thumb are
based off the likely hood of the stresses occurring. Since one sigma stresses are more likely to occur,
they must be below the lower stress threshold, the fatigue limit of the material. Three sigma stresses
are less likely to occur, so they must be below the higher limit, half the ultimate tensile strength of the
material.
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Common Mistakes
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Common Mistakes
- Setting the unit acceleration to 1 rather than setting it
to a unit of acceleration in the SPCD card.
- Most input PSD profiles are in [G^2/Hz] which means that
the unit load applied in the SPCD card needs to be equal
to the gravitational constant of your unit system. If you are
working in [MPa] your unit load needs to be equal to 9810
[mm/s^2].
- If your PSD input profile is in [(m/s^2)^2/Hz], the SPCD Acceleration load set to the
value would be 1 since the gravitational unit is accounted gravitational constant.
for in the input profile.
Next Steps
After a basic review of random response results, an analyst may wish to dive deeper into post
processing. The next logical step is to calculate fatigue damage values of high stress
locations. The information garnered from fatigue calculations will give the analyst a better
understanding of if a location is in danger of failing and by what degree.
Detailed information on how to calculate fatigue due to random excitation is outside of the
scope of this document.
© 2018 Altair Engineering, Inc. Proprietary and Confidential. All rights reserved.
Conclusions
Random vibration analysis is a tool that can
provide powerful predictions on the
robustness of a system’s design. There are
many pitfalls during setup and post processing
but following a well defined procedure will
ensure the generation of meaningful results.