MISSION

VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

EDUCATIONAL TOOL ON COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING FOR INFANTS:

BASIS FOR MATERNAL ROLE ENHANCEMENT

AILYN IBITA
 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

Infant feeding is one of the vital role of a mother as part of their

responsibility in maternal and child care. Feeding an infant is an act of providing

appropriate nutrition by means of following the provisionary breastfeeding for at

least 6 months, then followed by the complementary feeding after 6 months of

exclusive breastfeeding. This is necessary for the infant’s growth and

development as the infant will meet the developmental milestone as expected.

As infants grow, their nutrient needs grow with then, by the age of 6

months’ babies have doubled their birth weight and become more active, breast

milk cannot supply all the necessary nutrients and therefore needs to be

supplemented. To keep up with these growing demands, it recommends that

infants begin eating solid, semi-solid or soft foods at 6 months of age to ensure

that their nutrient intake is sufficient to fuel their developing brains and bodies.

The foods consumed between 6 months and 2 years of life are called
 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

complementary foods because they ideally complement an already breastmilk-

based diet.

Complementary feeding is introduce to the infant when breast milk is

no longer enough to meet their nutritional needs such as protein, iron, zinc and

vitamins A and D. Feeding should be timely, meaning that all infants should

start receiving foods in addition to breast milk from 6 months onwards. It

should be adequate, meaning that the complementary foods should be given

in amounts, frequency, consistency and using a variety of foods to cover the

nutritional needs of the growing child while maintaining breastfeeding.

The signs that infant is ready to solid food is the disappearance of

extrusion reflex. The extrusion or tongue-thrust reflex is when the infant push

any food placed on their tongue out the front of their mouth. This is completely

normal, and doesn't mean they don't like their food it just means they're not

capable of swallowing it yet. Somewhere between four and six months the

extrusion reflex should disappear, and it's from this point that you can look at

giving the baby new types of food aside from breast milk.

From the age of six months an infants needed for energy and nutrients

starts to exceed what is provided by the breast milk, and complementary

feeding becomes necessary to fill the energy and nutrient gap. If

complementary food are not introduced at this age or if they are given
 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

inappropriately, an infant growth may falter and lead to micronutrient

defiencies and infectious illnesses.

The period of 6-12 months of age is one of the most critical times for

growth and development if feeding is inadequate or inappropriate, there is

much increased risk of the infant to being under nourished and increased of

morbidity. As reported by the WHO (2018) Globally in 2016, 155 million

children under 5 were estimated to be stunted, 52 million were estimated to be

wasted, and 41 million were obese. Few children receive nutritionally

adequate and safe complementary foods; in many countries less than a fourth

of infants 6–23 months of age meet the criteria of dietary diversity and feeding

frequency that are appropriate for their age.

According to the recent survey made by the food and nutrition research

institute of the department of science and technology in the Philippines there

are 26.2% ages 0 t0 2 years’ old which are belong to chronic malnutrition, the

highest in 10 years. Aquino (2016). In Bicol region underweight children 0-5

years old declined from 33.8% to 24.6%, still belong to top three regions with

the highest number of undernourished. Bicol standard, (2016)

In Camarines Norte, a community based monitoring system (2010) survey

402 children or 0.7% less than 5 years old died in the province. Urban areas have

the higher rate of mortality while 0.6% across municipalities. Labo is the highest
 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

reported rate with a total of 68, followed by Paracale with a total of 55 reported

deaths, while in Daet is 49 reported and 48 reported in Mercedes and the lowest

reported death is in Sanvicente with only 2 cases. The fifteenth congress of the

Philippines passed a senate bill no. 2469 that introduced by Sen. Jinggoy Estrada

an act to protect, promote and support proper infant and young child feeding by

regulating the marketing of certain foods for infants and young children. One of

the objectives of this resolution is to give low cost yet nutritionally adequate

indigenous food.

Adequate nutrition during infancy is essential to ensure the health, growth

and development of the child to their full potential. Nurses as a health care

provider and advocator have the key to influence the child care behaviors and

practices of the mothers in providing complementary feeding to their child.

Assessing a child growth provides important information on the adequacy of child

nutritional status and proper health education to the mother about the importance

of timely initiation of complementary feeding and the foods that are adequate in

nutritional quality.

Maternal education has been associated with the better nutritional

condition during pregnancy and after birth. This has been shown to be an indirect

predictor of better child’s health throughout life. A study done in Pakistan

concluded that illiterate mothers are more likely to have poor knowledge about
 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

the nutritional requirement of their children, which results in unhealthy feeding

practices. Khattak et al. (2017)

This study aims to create an educational tool for the mother to enhance

their roles in terms of giving complementary feeding among infant. This will give

them an accurate information and education about complementary feeding to

prevent malnutrition and improve the health status of their child leading to a

happier and healthier life.

The findings of this study has an implication on nursing. In nursing

practice, guiding and counselling and reinforcement are important to keep the

mother’s continuation of giving appropriate complementary feeding, nurse must

have kept in mind, while teaching and demonstrating any healthy habit that

complementary feeding practice is not mechanical, but it has psychosocial and

economical impact also. In nursing education, education about complementary

feeding is most essential for pregnant and lactating mother as well as all

members of the society. Demonstration, workshop along with the use of effective

educational tool make the greater impact on complementary feeding Programme.

Lastly in nursing administration, nurse administrate should take effort to guide

and provide competent information and aids the health professionals to conduct

health education Programme effectively and efficiently. Nurse administrator will

find out effective strategy for complementary feeding services.

 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

The researcher chose to study about the educational tool on

complementary feeding for infants because she wanted to help to strengthen the

Programme and become an advocator as a future member of the healthcare

professional regarding the properly initiation of complementary food. She notices

that Most of the mothers practice their own belief and influences by their peers,

family regarding properly initiation of complementary food. The researcher

creates the educational tool that will used by the mother to guide them and

strengthen their role on infant feeding.

Locale:

The author of this study selectively chosen Barangay Iberica Labo,

Camarines Norte. This barangay is the boundary of 1st district to the 2nd district.

It is compose of 3 purok. It has a total population of 2,000 with 43 households.

There are 640 mothers on this barangay, and 35 of them have 6 to 12 months’

infants. The total population of children is 855, 70 of this are belong to the age

group 0-12 months’ old. On the year 2018 there are 2 recorded cases of death in

children which is one of this is 8 months’ old because of respiratory problem and

another is 2 years old because of dengue. There are 2 recorded cases of stunting

growth due to malnutrition also on the same year.

 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

Figure 1

Statement of the Problem

This study will be conducted to enhance the role of the mother on giving

complementary feeding Specifically, it will answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;

A. Age,
 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

B. Civil status

C. Educational Attainment

D. Number of children

E. Employment

2. What is the level of effectiveness of the educational tool measured by

the pre test and post test?

3. What are nursing educational tool can be proposed to enhance the role

of the mother on giving complementary feeding?

Hypotheses

1. There is no significant difference in the post test and pre test scores of the

respondent

Scope and delimitation

This study was conducted in barangay iberica Labo, Camarines Norte

during the first semester of school year 2019 to 2020. The participant of this study

are mothers with 6 to 12 months’ infants residing at the Brgy Iberica Labo

Camarines Norte. This research is all about educational tool on maternal role

enhancement on giving complementary feeding among infant it used an

 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

experimental method of research. A researcher self made questionnaire was

used together with a profile sheet. T test was used to determine the difference

between pre test and post test and the level of effectiveness of the educational

tool.

Significance of this study

This study was designed to enhance the role of the mother on giving

complementary feeding. The result of the data will benefit the following.

Mother. The result of this research will benefit the mother, as it will help

to increase their knowledge in terms on giving complementary feeding. Mother

will be aware on the effects of deficient knowledge towards complementary

feeding. In addition, this will be able to enhance the maternal role.

Infant. The result of this research will benefit the child, timely initiation and

proper complementary feeding can be able to achieved the expected growth and

development. This research will be able to reduce child mortality. And increase

awareness and knowledge about complementary feeding among mothers.

 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

10

Family. The result of this study will benefit the family, they will be address

through this study by means of helping the mothers to provide support and

appropriate information in complementary feeding.

Baranggay Health Workers. The result of this study will be able to benefit

the BHW’s by means of enhancing their roles in community health education and

programs among the mothers with regards to complementary feeding.

Nursing and midwifery Students – this study will help them to enhance

their knowledge in terms of complementary feeding. This will help them to make

an intervention to the mother become effective in terms of giving timely and

proper complementary feeding to the infant because as a health care provider it

is important to evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching done with the patients.

Future researchers- the basis of this study could initiate them to consider

teaching and learning style in regards to important of health care information.

This study serves as their guide and reference in their future study

Definition of Terms
 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

11

For this research to be more understandable to the anthology, the

following terms are operationally defined:

Educational Tool- in this study it is a learning tool to enhance the awareness of

the mother towards complementary feeding.

Maternal- The adjective maternal comes from the Latin maternus, which means

“of a mother.”

Complementary feeding- It is defined as the process of starting when breast

milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet the nutritional requirements and

therefore other food, liquids are needed along with breast milk.

Infant – children 0 to 12 months. In this study it pertains to infant 6-12 months

Role enhancement. Refers to a situation in which roles which are held by a

person are compatible and moreover enacting one role has beneficial spillover

effects on the enactment of the other role.

 MISSION
VISION
MABINI COLLEGES, INC. “MABINI COLLEGES provides quality instruction,
research and extension service programs at all
“MABINI COLLEGES shall cultivate a Governor Panotes Avenue, educational levels as its monumental contribution to
CULTURE of EXCELLENCE in education.”
Daet, Camarines Norte national and global growth and development.
Specifically, it transforms
Tel. no. (054) 721-1281 local 109 students into:
[email protected] 1. God – fearing
2. Nation – loving
3.
4. Earth caring
5. Productive, and
6. Locally and Globally competitive
persons
7.

12

NOTES

WHO, (2018) Infant and young child feeding retrieved from

ttps://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/infant-and-young-child-feeding

Bicol Standard, (2016). DOST helps address kids’ malnutrition problem in

Bicol retrieved from http://www.bicolstandard.com/2016/05/malnutrition-bicol-
dost.html

Karen Gill, (2018). what is extrusion reflex retrieved from

Http/www.healthline.com

Khattak,U. et. al. (2017). The Role of Parents' Literacy in Malnutrition of

Children Under the Age of Five Years in a Semi-Urban Community of Pakistan:
A Case-Control Study retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov