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RLL) .., I,: Rirnt Iiiyii Il Itr:t

There are several types of heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) that can be classified based on heat source and steam pressure grade produced. Horizontal and vertical HRSGs are common configurations. HRSGs work by using exhaust gas to generate steam which powers a steam turbine that converts the steam's thermal energy into rotational energy to drive an electrical generator. Steam turbines can be condensing, back-pressure, or extraction and are further classified by working principle and pressure. Protection and monitoring systems help ensure safe operation of the turbine.

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96 views4 pages

RLL) .., I,: Rirnt Iiiyii Il Itr:t

There are several types of heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) that can be classified based on heat source and steam pressure grade produced. Horizontal and vertical HRSGs are common configurations. HRSGs work by using exhaust gas to generate steam which powers a steam turbine that converts the steam's thermal energy into rotational energy to drive an electrical generator. Steam turbines can be condensing, back-pressure, or extraction and are further classified by working principle and pressure. Protection and monitoring systems help ensure safe operation of the turbine.

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Bright1x
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© © All Rights Reserved
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I principle and structure of HRSG

I.1 HRSG Tvpe


Generally, gas-steam combined cycle HRSG type could be classified as following: '

1.1.1 Classification according to the flue gas side heat source


1 .1.1.1 HRSG without after-burning
1.1.1.2 HRSG with after-burning

1.1.2 Classification according to the steam pressure grade that HRSG produces
At present, there are five types of steam-water system, that is single pressure, dual pressure, dual pressure
with reheat, triple pressure, triple pressure with reheat.
l.L.2.l Single pressure HRSG
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(a) (b)

Figure 1 Horizontal Natural Circulation HRSG


a) Technical process diagram b) Structural diagram
l.Exhaust gas 2. Superheated steam outle 1. Inlet duct 2. Heated surface 3.downcomer 4. Drum 5. 3. Drum 4. Feed
water inlet 5. Chimney Outlet duct 6. Chimney T.Inflexible connection 6. Economizer 7. Evaporator S.Superhetor
8.Economizer 9.Downcomer lO.Evaporator I LSuperhetor 12. Overhaul hole 13. Steel framei4. Inflexible connecion

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1. 1.3. 1 Harizontal HRSG


HRSG in Figurel is a horizontal one. Pipes in each stage are vertical, and flue gas transversely flows
heatsd surface.
1.1.3.2 Vertical HRSG

Figure 2 Verlical Forced Circulating HRSG


a) Technical process diagram b) Structurai diagram
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For HRSG starting up please refer to followingcharacter.:i,c:

Cold st*rt np: HRSG restart atler shutting down 72 hours, boiler water temperature{i00C, star:r

upduration 2 hours (to full load)

Warm start up: HRSG restar"r from boxed up condition within 24 hours, start up time: 90 min.

Hot start up: HRSG restart from boxed up condition lvithin 8 hours, start up time:50 min

1.1.2 Basic working principle of steam turbine


The simplest impulse turbine is consisted of nozzle, rotor blade, axle and other basic components. Its
working principle is that: After the steam with certain pressure and temperature having been sent to turbine,
it first flows through nozzle. In nazzle, steam pressure and temperature are decreased, and the volume is
expanded. Flow velocity is increased, and heat energy of steam changes into kinetic energy. Then high speed
Steam flny, frOm noZ.Z.le iptnrrl."es the ratOf hl..n^ V;^^+i^ nf c+^^.- ^I^^rft^-;-+^ *^^L^-;^^l ^-^fft.,+^
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electrical euergy. Tirc scrial olnozzlc's and the rc;tttr'Lilar.iu atier rt cutilpuse crlc stiigc oi'ST. ;'ir.r.,;iiir;;.. i-i_.r

the stage, ST is divided into single stage turbine and multistage turbine.

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1.1.3 Classification and t,r,pe of steam hrrbine

The turbine commonly used in power plant is divided into two types, condensing turbine and heat supply
turbine. Heat supply turbine is divides into extraction and back-pressure turbine.
(1) Condensing turbine
After the steam doing work in turbine, all of the steam is discharged into condenser. This kind of turbine is
called pure condensing turbine.
(2) t{e:ar supply back*pressure rurbine
After the steam doing work in turbine, it is discharged while higher than atmospheric pressure. It could be
used in industrial or heating.
(3) Heat supply extraction turbine
Sorne part of steam extracted for industrial or heating use at one or two kinds of pressuie, and the rest still
flows into turbine.
According to working principle, turbine could be classified as:
(1) Impulse turbine
Steam mainly expands innozzle, and heat energy changes into kinetic energy.
(2) Reaction turbine
Steam not only expands in definite nozzle, but also expands in rotor blade.
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(3) High pressure turbine 60-100atm;
(4) Super high pressure turbine 120-14atnr;
(5) Subcritical turbine 160- I 80atm;
(6) Super Subcritical furbine 160-180atm.

1.3 Protection system


The protection system includes mechanical hydraulic protection device and electric protection device. The
unit has 3 tripping devices:
- Emergency tripping device for operator manual operation (trip button)
- Over-speed emergency governor
- Eletromaunetic profer-tion fl6r,ice
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- Over-spced
- Axial displacement
- Decrease of lube oil pressure (

- High temperature of bearing refurning oil


- Low vacuum ofcondenser
- Trip off of oil switch
- DEH protection
- 1.4 Main measuring and monitoring signals
- The following are measuring & monitoring signals:
- l.4.lMeasuring signals
- - Turbine speed
- Stroke of governing valve
- Thermal expansion of high pressure casing
- Axial displacement of rotor
- Bearing vibration
- Temperature of all bearing return oil and bearing bush
- Bushing temperature of thrust bearing & radial bearing
- Oil pressure (safety oil, emergency oil, startup oil, lube oil & outlet oil of main oil pump, servo oil)
- Pressure & temperature of steam & water
- Metal temperature of every dot
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- Close signal of every extraction oheck valve


- 109% over-speed signal
- Trip or alarm signal of rotor axial displacement
- Alarm signal of bearing vibration
- Trip or alarm signal for high temperature of every bearing return oil or bushing
- Maximum and minimum oil level signal of main oil tank
- Pressure difference signal of filters of electric-controlled oil tank
- Trip or alarm signal of condenser vacuum
- Signals of lube oil pressure
- 505 trip or alarm signals
- Expansion difference alarm

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