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Typical Avionics Sub SystemsWorld Sensor and Task Automation

The document discusses typical avionics subsystems including: 1. Outside world sensor systems like radar and infrared sensors that enable all-weather and nighttime flight operations. Radar detects weather hazards while infrared sensors provide thermal imaging. 2. Task automation systems that reduce pilot workload through functions like navigation management, autopilots, flight management systems, engine control, and housekeeping management of aircraft systems. These automate tasks to allow minimum crew operations. 3. Specifically, autopilots relieve pilots of continuous flying while flight management systems perform flight planning, navigation, engine control for efficiency, and ensure on-time arrival through 4D navigation. Engine control systems regulate fuel flow for optimal thrust in response

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166 views3 pages

Typical Avionics Sub SystemsWorld Sensor and Task Automation

The document discusses typical avionics subsystems including: 1. Outside world sensor systems like radar and infrared sensors that enable all-weather and nighttime flight operations. Radar detects weather hazards while infrared sensors provide thermal imaging. 2. Task automation systems that reduce pilot workload through functions like navigation management, autopilots, flight management systems, engine control, and housekeeping management of aircraft systems. These automate tasks to allow minimum crew operations. 3. Specifically, autopilots relieve pilots of continuous flying while flight management systems perform flight planning, navigation, engine control for efficiency, and ensure on-time arrival through 4D navigation. Engine control systems regulate fuel flow for optimal thrust in response

Uploaded by

vicky
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SNS COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution)


DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
Subject Code & Name: AE 403 – AVIONICS Date: 27.06.2017
DAY: 06 UNIT: 01.Introduction to Avionics

TOPIC: 6. Typical avionics sub systems:World sensor and Task automation

1.6.1 Outside World Sensor Systems


These systems, which comprise both radar and infrared sensor, systems enable all
weather and night time operation and transform the operational capability of the aircraft (or
helicopter).

A. The Radar Systems installed in civil airliners and many general aviation aircraft provides
weather warning. The radar looks ahead of the aircraft and is optimised to detect water
droplets and provide warning of storms, cloud turbulence and severe precipitation so that the
aircraft can alter course and avoid such conditions, if possible.
In the airborne interception (AI) mode, the radar must be able to detect aircraft up to
100 miles away and track while scanning and keeping tabs on several aircraft simultaneously
(typically at least 12 aircraft). The radar must also have a ‘look down’ capability and be able
to track low flying aircraft below it.
B. The Infrared Sensor Systems have the major advantage of being entirely passive systems.
Infrared (IR) sensor systems can be used to provide a video picture of the thermal image
scene of the outside world either using a fixed FLIR sensor, or alternatively, a gimballed IR
imaging sensor. The thermal image picture at night looks very like the visual picture in
daytime, but highlights heat sources, such as vehicle engines, enabling real targets to be
discriminated from camouflaged decoys.
1.6.2 Task Automation Systems
These comprise the systems which reduce the crew workload and enable minimum
crew operation by automating and managing as many tasks as appropriate so that the crew
role is a supervisory management one. The tasks and roles of these are very briefly
summarised below.
Navigation Management comprises the operation of all the radio navigation aid systems and
the combination of the data from all the navigation sources, such as GPS and the INS
systems, to provide the best possible estimate of the aircraft position, ground speed and track.

K.NEHRU
Assistant Professor AE 403 – AVIONICS
The Autopilots and Flight Management Systems have been grouped together. Because of
the very close degree of integration between these systems on modern civil aircraft. It should
be noted, however, that the Autopilot is a ‘stand alone’ system and not all aircraft are
equipped with an FMS.
The autopilot relieves the pilot of the need to fly the aircraft continually with the
consequent tedium and fatigue and so enables the pilot to concentrate on other tasks
associated with the mission.

In military applications, the autopilot system in conjunction with a suitable guidance


system can provide automatic terrain following, or terrain avoidance. This enables the aircraft
to fly automatically at high speed at very low altitudes (100 to 200 ft) so that the aircraft can
take advantage of terrain screening and stay below the radar horizon of enemy radars.
The tasks carried out by the FMS include:
1. Flight planning.
2. Navigation management.
3. Engine control to maintain the planned speed or Mach number.
4. Control of the aircraft flight path to follow the optimised planned route.
5. Control of the vertical flight profile.
6. Ensuring the aircraft is at the planned 3D position at the planned time slot;
often referred to as 4D navigation.
7. Flight envelope monitoring.
8. Minimising fuel consumption.

The Engine Control and Management Systems


It carries out the task of control and the efficient management and monitoring of the
engines.
E.g: Full Authority Digital Engine Control System (FADEC). This automatically
controls the flow of fuel to the engine combustion chambers by the fuel control unit so as to
provide a closed-loop control of engine thrust in response to the throttle command.
The control system ensures the engine limits in terms of temperatures, engine speeds
and accelerations are not exceeded and the engine responds in an optimum manner to the
throttle command.

K.NEHRU
Assistant Professor AE 403 – AVIONICS
Other very important engine avionic systems include engine health monitoring
systems which measure, process and record a very wide range of parameters associated with
the performance and health of the engines. These give early warning of engine performance
deterioration, excessive wear, fatigue damage, high vibration levels, excessive temperature
levels, etc.

House Keeping Management


It is the term used to cover the automation of the background tasks which are essential
for the aircraft’s safe and efficient operation.
Such tasks include:
1. Fuel management. This embraces fuel flow and fuel quantity measurement and
control of fuel transfer from the appropriate fuel tanks to minimise changes in the
aircraft trim.
2. Electrical power supply system management.
3. Hydraulic power supply system management.
4. Cabin/cockpit pressurisation systems.
5. Environmental control system.
6. Warning systems.
7. Maintenance and monitoring systems. These comprise monitoring and recording
systems which are integrated into an on-board maintenance computer system. The
above brief summaries cover the roles and importance of the avionic systems
shown in Figure 1.2.

K.NEHRU
Assistant Professor AE 403 – AVIONICS

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