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[TPS] Pengetahuan dan pemahaman umum - Paket Pejuang UTBK Masuk

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04:47
13.
One of the most mysterious things in nature is the ability of certain creatures to find their way home,
sometimes from great distance. Birds are not the only ones who can do this. Bees, eels, and salmon are
able to return to a particular place after doing journeys, too.

Most migrations take place between breeding grounds and regions where animals feed. For some
animals, such as the lemming, the move is a one – way trip. Scientists call this movement emigration,
because these animals never return to their homes. For other animals, such as birds, the migration
includes a return trip home. Birds move in periodic migration, or at regular times during their lives, and
often to the same place year after year.

Many experiments have been made with births in an attempt to find out what guides them on their way
home. In one case, seven swallows were taken 400 miles from home. When they were set free, five of
them returned to their nests. In another case, a certain kind of sea bird was taken from its nests on the
Welsh coast to Venice by plane. When it was released, it made its way home to its nests, a distance of
930 miles if it flew in straight line.

Migrating birds offer an even more amazing example of this ability. There are swifts and house martins
that migrate from England to South Africa every year. They not only return to England the next spring,
but many of them come back to nests in the very same house they nested the year before. They fly the
incredible distance of 6.000 miles, one way.

Certain types of butterfly migrate, too and find their way home over long distances. In the tropics one
can sometimes see the great mass flights of butterflies all flying steadily in one direction. They may go a
thousand miles and more and then return again in another season.

Despite all the efforts that have been made to explain how these creatures find their way home, we still
have no sure explanation. Since many of the birds fly over great bodies of water, we cannot explain it by
saying they use landmarks to guide them. Just to say they have an ‘instinct’ does not really explain the
right conditions. The reason they do it may be to obtain for good or to reproduce under the right
conditions. But the signals and guideposts they use on their flights are still a mystery to man.

When they were set free (paragraph 3), five of them returned to their nests. The underlined
word refers to ….

a.
certain birds

b.
some bees

c.
several insect

d.
seven swallows

e.
emigration birds
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 Masuk Kampus
 Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
 a.
 Flying is not the only way of migration
 b.
 Scientists are still in doubt why some creatures migrate
 c.
 Some birds can identify their former nests
 d.
 Winged creatures migrate periodically
 e.
 The migrating creatures usually return within the same season
 According to the passage, swifts and house martins from South Africa to England, ....
 a.
 (A) fly in a relatively straight line
 b.
 often return to precisely the same place each year
 c.
 are guided by various landmarks
 d.
 always fly in groups to find the right direction
 e.
 are similar to lemmings in their flying
 Many experiments have been made with births in an attempt to find out what guides
them on their way home (paragraph 3). The underlined word can also be replaced by ....
 a.
 effort
 b.
 ambition
 c.
 application
 d.
 acceptance
 e.
 ability

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[TPS] Pengetahuan dan pemahaman umum - Paket Pejuang UTBK Masuk
Kampus

Sisa waktu:
02:40
17.
The catastrophe called the Great Dying, which occurred between the Permian and Triassic periods wiped
out 90 percent of the planet’s marine lifeand 70 percent of all plant and animal life. The most recent
popular scientific belief about what caused it was the impact of a large object from space, but the
examination of sediment and fossil deposited at the time has led two groups of scientists to revise this
belief.

Animals and plants both on land in the sea were dying at the same time and apparently from the same
causes ‘too much heat and too little oxygen’, said Peter ward, a University of Washington paleontologist.
In their research published in Science express, the groups found increased levels of sulphur and depleted
oxygen in the ancient rock. Ward and his team of researchers from the United States and South Africa
thought that the sulphur came from continued volcanic eruptions in an area known as the Siberian Trap.
The eruptions warmed the earth, trapped sunlight, and depleted oxygen in the air.

At the same time, the Earth’s shifting tectonic plates lowered the levels of the ocean, exposing seabed
and releasing methane trapped in the sediment there, further increasing the global warming. The
temperatures kept raising so that it got hotter and hotter until it reached a critical point causing
everything to die. Temperatures around the world rose 8 degrees, killing off plants which served as food
for animal. Such impact starvation to them. In addition, oxygen levels dropped to about 16 percent of the
atmosphere, whereas levels today are at 21 percent.

Therefore, it is believed that widespread volcanic eruptions that led to global warming was likely the
cause of massive extinction 250 million years ago, not the impact of an asteroid or comet.

The text tells us about ....

a.
the extinction of global life

b.
research conducted by scientists

c.
the effect of the shifting of tectonic plate

d.
Prof. Ward, the anthropologist

e.
the cause of the Great Dying

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 Masuk Kampus
 From the text we may conclude that the writer’s objective is to show the public that ....
 a.
 the Great Dying occurred two hundred and fifty million years ago
 b.
 there is a new theory about the cause of the Great Dying
 c.
 the enormous extinction on earth, was caused by the fall of a comet
 d.
 it was during the Permian and Triassic periods that the earth changed
 e.
 the Great Dying referred to the dying of marine life in the world
 Which of the following is NOT the cause of the massive extinction millions of years ago?
 a.
 Increased global warming
 b.
 Sudden drop of high temperatures
 c.
 Gradual loss of oxygen
 d.
 Widespread eruption of volcanoes
 e.
 High rate of sulphur emissions
 What was most probably the cause of the Great Dying?
 a.
 Volcanic eruptions in the area called the Siberian Trap
 b.
 The Shifting of tectonic plates caused by terrible earthquakes
 c.
 The publication of scientific researches in the United States and In Africa
 d.
 The finding of excessive amounts of sulphur and lack of oxygen in the ancient rock
 e.
 The massive extinction of animal and plant life on the planet