Pachman's Decisive Games

This original collection analyses the most
decisive games played in the last 100 years.

International Grandmaster Ludek Pachman
has selected those encounters which have
determined the results of the major champion
ships and tournaments since 1870. The games
chosen are mostly those between the strongest
competitors, or games in the last round which
both players must win.
Some of these games are brilliancies, but the

main importance of this collection is in the
insights they provide into the psychology of
chess under stress. Every chess player will
find here games that are both dramatic and
entertaining, but the reader will also come to
understand tournament tactics and the
psychological processes by which one player
wears down his opponent's resistance.
Pachman's
Decisive Games
Pachman's
Decisive
Games
Ludek Pachman
Translated by A. S. Russell
This edition first published 1975
Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons L td.

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The Copp Clark Publishing Company

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This is an enlarged and updated edition of Lud�k Pachman's

Entscheidungspartien, published in 1972 by Walter Rau Verlag, Diisseldorf
Text© 1972, 1975 by Ludl!k Pachman
Translation© 1975 by Alan S. Russell
ISBN 0 273 31812 8
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted , in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording and/or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publishers.
Printed in Great Britain by

William Clowes & Sons Limited
London, Colchester and Beccles
G4549: 14
Preface
Ludek Pachman is not only an international grandmaster of many years'

standing but also a well-known theoretician and writer.
In this present book he has drawn on his great experience and knowledge
to give a vivid account of the highlights of the most important tournaments
and matches from Baden-Baden 1870 to the 1972 World Championship
match between Spasski and Fischer. The course of each event is described in
such a way as to bring out the drama surrounding it, and this is followed in
each case by the decisive game or games, deeply annotated.
The whole is a balanced mixture of chess information and instruction
which should appeal to players of all levels.
A. S. Russell
Translator
Contents
Preface v
1 Introductory: Moments of Decision 1

2 Baden-Baden 1870: An Incorrect Sacrifice Leads to a Tournament Victory 9
3 Vienna 1873: Failure at the Post 12
4 The First World Championship Match: Cool Calculation versus Attacking
E lan 17
5� World Championship 1894: Tactics Victorious over Strategy 20
6 Hastings 1895: Failure of the New World Champion 23
7 International Tournament in Vienna: The Great Chess Marathon 29
8 Barmen 1905: Six Endings Decide 33
9 Match Tournament Ostend 1907: First against Last 39
10 St Petersburg 1909: A Reputation Saved in the Last Round 43
11 World Championship Match 1910: A Strange Conclusion to a Strange Match 48
12 San Sebastian 1911: J. R. Capablanca's Debut 52
13 Karlsbad 1911: Two Miniatures Decide 56
14 San Sebastian 1912: More Haste Less Speed 60
15 St Petersburg 1914: Drawing Variation-The Way to Victory 64
16 Teplitz-Schonau 1922: Dramatic Last Round 69
17 New York 1924: Victory in Danger 74
18 International Tournament, Semmering 1926: Sensational Victory by an
Outsider 79
19 World Ch ampionship 1927: Why Did Alekhin Win? 86
20 Karlsbad 1929: Only Three Rounds in the Lead 91
21 Ziirich 1934: A Strong Finish 97
22 Moscow 19 35: Thirteen-Botvinnik's Unlucky Number 100
23 World Championship Match 1935 : The King is Dead? Long Live the King! 106
24 AVRO Tournament 19 38: Fine's Poor Second Half 110
25 Prague 1942: Alekhin Announces Mate in Seven 114
26 Groningen 1946: Defeat of the Two Leaders 118
27 European Zonal 1947: Strategy not Supported by Tactics 125
28 Chigorin Memorial, Moscow 1947: Depression Overcome 129
29 Interzonal 1948: Szab6's Wasted Chance 134
30 Candidates' Tournament 1950: A Drama i n Instalments 140
31 World Championship Match 1951: Saved at the Last Moment 147
32 Staunton Memorial Tournament 19 51: Disaster in the Penultimate Round 15 3
33 Mar6czy Memorial, Budapest 1952: A Precise Positional Performance 157
34 World Championship Match 1957: A Draw Worth its Weight in Gold 162
35 Interzonal 1958: Success for Tai, Catastrophe for Bronstein 167
36 Ziirich 195 9: Victory in the Balance 174
37 Candidates' Tournament 1959: First Place Saved 179
viii Contents
38 Candidates' Tournament 1962: The Tr agedy of Paul Keres 182
39 Los Angeles 1963: How to Win with Black 187
40 Havana 1963: Curious Positions 191
41 Candidates' Tournament 1965: Unsuccessful Surprise in the Opening 201
42 Candidates' Tournament 1965: Two Years' Analysis 205
43 Candidates' Tournament 1965: The Advantage of the Black Pieces 2 10
44 Capablanca Memorial Tournament, Havana 1965: Boris Ivkov's Misfortune 215
45 Santa Monica 1966: Contest between Two Aspirants for the Chess Crown 220
46 Palma de Mallorca 1967: A Cool Defence 224
47 Candidates' Tournament 1968: A Hard Struggle and an Easy Victory 230
48 Ljubljana 1969: An Untitled Player Outstrips Ten Grandmasters 233
49 Skopje 1970: Are Combinations Justified in the Last Round? 237
50 Candidates' Tournament 1971: Bobby on the Way to the World Champion- 241
ship
51 World Championship 1972: World Champion of the 1970s 250
Index of Games and Positions 257

Index of Openings 259
1 Introductory
Moments of Decision
A glance at a tournament table gives the even cases where unbelievable blunders
impression that every game is of equal have decided a match for the world cham
importance; after all, in the final reckon pionship title.
ing every win counts as a full point and
1. Steinitz-Chigorin
every draw half a point. In actual fact,
however, there is a great diffe ence be (
tween a game played at the beginning of a
tournament, when everything is open,
and one played in the last two rounds,
where a special effort often has to be
made to obtain a particular result. To
wards the end of a tournament or match
a player is frequently in a situation in
which he has to win at all costs. Then he
faces a task that puts not only his c hess
knowledge and ability to the test but
Position after Black's 8th move
even more so his nerves. Such games are
convinc ing proof of the fact that chess is This position occurred in the twenty
neither a science nor an art, but rather a second game of the worl d championship
battle of minds. match in 1892. With rules stipulating that
In this book I have analysed sixty-five the first player to win ten games was the
games played in an exceptionally tense victor, the match was now nearing its
atmosphere; each one had a decisive climax, eight games having been won by
bearing on the outcome of an important both players and six drawn. On his ninth
international tournament or match. None move Chigorin, who had Black, made an
of the games is technically or aesthetic elementary mistake.
ally outstanding; in fact, many of them
9 PxP NxP?
contain bad mistakes. That, however,
makes them all the more instructive. This loses at least a pawn without the
These games show how players of differ slightest compensation. I t is interesting to
ing styles tackle the extremely difficult note that in this game Chigorin chose a
problem of winning a game that has to be defence to the Queen's Gambit that was
won. later adopted by Tartakower and which
A perusal of tournament books shows now bears his name.
us an interesting fact. Many games played
10 NxN BxN
at a dec isive phase contain m istakes that
11 BxB QxB
are hardly to be expected of a player of
12 RxP Q-Q3
the calibre making them. Obviously
13 R-B3 BxP?
ner vous tension, often coupled with
fatigue following the previous games, in It i s possible that, when making his
fluences the quality of play. There are ninth move, Tartakower assumed that he
2 Pachman 's Decisive Games
would recover his pawn by capturing with well have cost him his title. He did the
the bishop on QR7. However, by so same against Petrosian three years later.
doing, he loses a piece, for the bishop In the match against Tai, Botvinnik,
cannot escape. although two points behind after sixteen
games, was by no means without hope, as
14 P-K4 Q-NS
his strong finish showed. In the seven
I S Q-Rl 8-N6
teenth game, however, where he had won
1 6 N -Q2 8-87
3. Tal-Botvinnik
There is no way of avoiding loss of
material: e.g. 16 . . . Q-RS 17 NxB or
16 .. . B-RS 17 R-B4.
17 R-84 Q-Q3
1 8 Rx8 QxQP
1 9 G-0 and wins.
In the next game of the same match

Chigorin had White, and it was to be
expected that he would make every effort
to draw level, as his choice of opening, a
Position after White's 39th move
2. Chigorin-Steinitz
two pawns in a safe position (see diagram
3), he played 39 . . . Q-Q4 , and after 40
RxRPch K Nl (40 . .
- . PxR 41 Q-N6ch
K-Rl 42 QxRPch R-R2 43 QxR (BS)
mate) 41 Q-R4 resigned. Instead he could
have countered White's threat of 40 P-B6
by 3 9 . . . K-Rl, e.g. 40 P-B6 RxBP 41
RxNP R-BSch! 42 RxR (42 NxR Q-KS
mate) 42 . . . RxR, etc. As it was, he
found himself three points down with
seven rounds to go, which virtually assured
his opponent of victory.
Position after Black's 31st move
In his match with Petrosian Botvinnik

King's Gambit, seemed to indicate.
was one point down after fifteen games,
Steinitz w as not in his best form on that
day and got into the hopeless endgame 4. Botvinnik-Petrosian
shown in diagram 2. Chigorin, a piece up,
should have played 32 RxNP, after which
his material superiority would have en
sured victory, for 32 ... RxQP? is
answered by 3 3 N-B4. Instead the game
took an unexpected turn: 32 8-N4??
RxPch, and White resigned. Steinitz thus
retained his title.
During his world championship match

against Tai in 1960 Botvinnik made an
incomprehensible mistake which may Position after Black's 38th move
Introductory 3
having won two, lost three and drawn Not, of course, 34 . . . KxB? 35
cen. In the position in diagram 4 Bot RxNch R-B2 36 Q-QB3ch! winning.
vinnik could have won by 39 RxP R-QBl
3 5 8-K5 R-8 1 ? ?
40 K-R2 R(Bl)-B7 41 R-KNl, etc. How
ever, he was in time-trouble and played Filip is the first t o go wrong. Much
the faulty 39 P-K6. Now 39 . . . K-B3 40 better is 35 .. . N-B2, after which Black
RxP RxKP 41 RxRch KxR 42 R-QN4 has a defensible position.
P-QN4, etc., would have sufficed to draw,
36 Q-84 N-82
but instead Petrosian chose to go on with
37 R·N7 Q-8 1
his original plan, which was also ade
quate: 39 . . . R-Q81 40 K-R2 R (81 )-87 O r 37 . . . NxB 38 QxN Q-Bl 3 9
41 R-KNl (Botvinnik had obviously just QxKPch, etc. After the text-move White
realized that 41 P-K7 RxNPch 42 K-R3 is could have attained a winning position by
ans wered by 42 . . . P-KN4 43 P-K8==Nch 38 Q-B6 NxB 39 QxN. Instead he made
K-Bl .) 41 . . . R-Q7 42 R(Ql )-Kl K-81 43 an indecisive move, which had a big effect
P-K7ch K-Kl 44 K-N 3 P-Q6 (threatening on the outcome of this important game.
R-K7) 45 R-K 3 R(R 7)-N7 46 K-84
38 K·R2?? R-8 5 !
RxKNP 47 R-Ql R(QN7)·Q7 48 RxR
39 Q-86 Nx8
RxR 49 K-N 5 (the last chance) 49 .. .
R·Q8 50 K-86 (avoiding 50 KxP? R Now if White takes the knight, Black
KN8ch 51 K-B 6 P- Q7 52 R-B3 R-N3ch! replies 40 . . . Q-B5ch exchanging queens.
with a win f or Black) 50 ... P-85 (not 50
40 QxKPch N-82
.. . 51 R·K4
P-Q7 51 R-Q6 winning)
41 P-N 3 RxP
R·Q88 52 R·Q4 R-83ch 5 3 K-N5 R-86
54 K-86 drawn. and Black won on the 9lst move.
In the 1956 Candidates' Tournament 6. Anderssen-Paulsen

in Amsterdam Keres was one point be
hind the leader, Smyslov. In the penulti
mate round he sacrificed a pawn in his
game against Filip to create compli
cations. From the position shown in dia
gram 5 he went on the attack.
5 . Keres-Filip
Position after Black's 23rd move
This game had a decisive bearing on

the first prize in the London Tournament
of 1862, a tournament which went down
in history as the first in which chess
clocks were used. Black won a pawn, but
in doing so he weakened his king's side
Position after Black's 32nd move and allowed his bishop to be subjected to
a deadly pin. White should now have
33 N-K6! PxN continued 24 RxB! RxR 25 P-KB4!, after
34 8x8 N-Q3 which both 25 . . . PxP 26 BxR and 25
4 Pachman's Decisive Games
QxP 26 R-KBl would have led to a Realizing that he has already squan
decisive win of material. Instead Anders dered his advantage, Bogolyubov makes a
sen made an interesting mistake. bad mistake, which leads to the clear loss
of a pawn. However, after 20 BxB QxBch
24 Q-K2?
21 K-Rl KR-Ql Black would have had
Now Black is given a n opportunity to the slightly better position.
save the game by sacrificing his bishop to 20 8xNP!

pin his opponent's: 24 . . . Q-N3! 25 BxB 21 QR-Ql
P-B3!
Or 21 QxB QxB 22 B-B5 QxP! etc.
24 . . . Q-R l ? ?
21 8·86!
Black sacrifices m the wrong way, 22 8-85
allowing his opponent to exploit the
After 22 BxP Q-Bl 23 BxB QxB Black
weakness of his king's side.
would win either the QRP or the KP.
25 8x8 P-8 3
22 R·Kl
26 Q·R5 Rx8
23 8·82 Q-82
27 RxR PxR
24 8·N6 Q-8 5
28 Q·K 8ch K·N2
25 8·Q3 Q-8 3
29 N·85ch Resigns
and Black won in the endgame.
The outcome of many a tournament is
This game was played in the last round
influenced by the unsuccessful attempts
of a tournament in Sliac in 1952. By
of players to win at all costs in an
winning it Vidmar succeeded in sharing
important game.
first prize with Flohr, while Bogolyubov
had to be content with eighth place.
7. Bogolyubov-Vidmar
In spite of what was said above, attack

in decisive games tends to have the upper
hand over defence. To defend correctly
demands great precision and a cool head,
requirements which are difficult to fulfil
at a time when everything is at stake.
The Paris Tournament of 1878 ended
in a tie between Zukertort and W inawer.
8. Zuk ertort-Winawer
After the logical 17 B-K3, developing a

piece, White would have a slight advan
tage. Instead he weakens his position b y
initiating a completely unwarranted
attack.
17 P-84? N-84!
18 NxN 8xNch
19 8·K3 8-Q5
20 Q·K82? Position after White's Hrd move
Introductory 5
In accordance with the rules at that time 23 RxP?

a play-off took place to split the tie. The 24 RxN! B-N2
first two games were drawn, but the 25 N-K4?
remaining t wo, after taking a dramatic
Here White had two winning lines, the
course, were won by Zukertort. The
quiet 25 R-K2 R-KBl 26 PxP BxP 27
result, however, was not a real reflection
B-K7 and 25 R-K4 R-KBl 26 B-K7
of the play on the board.
RxKNPch 27 KxR Q-B6ch 28 K-R3
In the third game, for example (see B-Blch 29 Q-N4, etc.
diagram 8), Zuk ertort had made an in
2 5 ... RxKNPch!
correct pawn sacrifice. His opponent,
26 KxR QxR
however, defended inaccurately.
33 .. . P-R4? Now White's knight is subjected to an

unpleasant pin and the king is badly
Seriously weakening the king's side.
exposed. There is no way for White to
Better was 33 . . . B-Bl!
avoid a loss of material.
34 B-Bl R-K2
27 R-Kl R-Kl
If 34 . . . N-Q5, then 35 RxNP NxB 36 P-KR3
28 K-B3
RxPch K-Nl 37 R-R8ch K-B2 38 RxRch 29 B-Q2 K-Nl!
winning .
Threatening 30 .. .P-N4.
35 BxN R(K2)xB ? ?
30 P-KR3?
Black sho uld have taken with the
other rook. White prepares the defensive man
oeuvre Q-N4, but in so doing fails to see a
36 B-N2 R-B2
second threat, which quickly decides the
Black would have had better prospects
game.
after 36 . . . R-K4. On the other hand, 36
... R-Bl 37 RxPch PxR 38 BxBch would 30 Q-B4ch
win for White. 3 1 Q-B4 QxPch
37 RxNP RxR 32 K-B2 R-KBl

38 RxPch K-Nl 33 QxRch KxQ
39 R-RSch BxR 34 B-B4 Q-B4
40 QxB mate
and Black won.
In the fourth and final game Zukertort
In the Vienna Tournament of 1908
made an incorrect piece sacrifice.
Duras needed to win in the last round to
9. Winawer-Zukertort 10. Duras-Bardeleben
Position after White's 23rd move Position after White's 31st move
catch Schlechter and Mar6czy, who were The former world champion, Lasker, is
half a point in front of him and who both in a difficult situation, being faced by the
drew in the final round. That explains threat of 28 P-K5, which would give his
why the Czech grandmaster, playing the opponent a considerable advantage in
white pieces, embarked on such a doubt space. He therefore decides on a counter
ful enterprise in the following game. attack, after which the game takes a
dramatic turn. It should be noted that 27
31 Nx8 . . . NxRP? 2 8 R(Kl)·Ql N-B4 29 N-N6
32 RxR RxR loses the exchange.
33 QxRP? NxP! 27 P.K4! ?
34 KxN Q-8 5 28 Q-85 N·K7ch? ! ?
All at once the situation looks bad for 29 K-81
White, for 35 QxR is answered by 35 . . . White rightly avoi ds losing the ex
q-N5ch 36 K-Rl (3 6 K-Bl B-N4ch) 3 6 change by 29 RxN QxR 30 QxBPch
. .. Q xNch 37 K-Nl B-B3 38 K-Bl K-Rl! However, the continuation he
Q-R6ch 39 K-K2 B-N4ch 40 K-Ql ( 40 chooses isn't good either. He could have
K-Q2 B-R 3ch) 40 . . . Q-Bdch, etc. refuted Black's combination by moving
35 P·R 3 8-8 3 the king in the other direction, e.g. 2 9
36 R·K3 R-QNl K-Rl N-Q5 30 QxKP NxP 31 N-N6 Q-B6
37 Q-84 8-QRl 32 QxQ PxQ 33 NxQR P-B7 34 P-R3

38 Q·K8 7 R-Ql P-B8=Q 35 RxQ RxRch 36 K-R2 re
39 8·R2 RxP? ? maining a pawn up.
29 N-Q5
Once again fortune favours the bold,
30 QxKP NxP
for Black now goes wrong. He should first
31 N·N6 N·Q7ch !
have played 39 . . . B-K5! , after which
32 K·Nl N-8 5
RxQP really is a threat.
The tempo that Black gained by
40 Q·N8ch K-R 3
checking from Q7 decides the game in his
41 Qx8(R8) R-Q8
favour, for his passed pawn on the QN
42 R·K8 Resigns
file is a very strong weapon.
The next example is from the game 33 NxN QxN

between the favourites and leaders in the 34 Q·K85 QR·Nl
ninth round of a tournament at Mayren 35 P·K5 P-N6
Ostrau in 1923. 36 P-K6 PxP
37 R(Q6)xP R·K8 1
11. Reti-Lasker
38 Q·KS Q-87
39 P-84 P·N7
40 R-K7 Q·N 3
41 P-85 Q·KB3
42 Q·Q5ch K-Rl
43 R·N7 Q-86
44 Resigns
The final result of the tournament was

Lasker lO'h, Reti 9'h, Griinfeld 8'h, etc.
Even the best players in the world are

Position after White's 27th move not immune to mistakes while defending
lntroductory 7
in important games. In the key game of being defeated and choose to play for a
the tournament at Margate 1935, Capa draw in the next round in the hope of
blanca defended accurately for a long getting over their depression. Others act
time against Reshevsky. In the end, how as though the loss had given them new
ever, he made a bad mistake. energy and increased their physical
strength enormously. Bogolyubov be
longed to this second category. A classic
example is his performance at the
Karlsbad Tournament of 1923. He lost in
the tenth, twelfth and founeenth games
but was the winner in those that fol
lowed, including that in the fifteenth
round in which he had the black pieces
against Rubinstein.
13. Rubinstein-Bogolyubov
4S .. . 8xP?
By playing 4S .. Q-K3 followed by

Q- B4 Capablanca could have obtained the
draw which was so vital to him.
46 RxNP Q·R6
47 K-Q2 8-K2
48 R-N7
Not, of course, 48 NxP? Q-Q6ch.
RxRP 3S Q ·KRl!
48
49 QxP R·R4 A remarkable way of getting the
SO QxP R·KR4 queen into play. White cannot now con
Sl K·Q3 Q·Rl tinue with 36 RxNP because of 3 6 . . .
S2 Q·K6 Q·R6 QxP! 3 7 RxRch K-R3 3 8 Q-Q3 Q·B7ch
53 R-Q7 R(R4)-K84 3 9 K-R3 P-N4 with a mating attack.
S4 R-N3 Q·R8
SS Rx8 Q·KB8ch 36 Q-Q3 PxP
S6 K-Q2 Resigns 37 R·NS Q-Q.81
38 RxQP R-87
Reshevsky won the ·tournament with 39 Q·NS K·R3
7'h points, just half a point in front of 40 K-83 R-Q7
Capablanca, who was well ahead of the
other participants. The former world Threatening Q- B8. White, however, has
champion was thus very near to winning. an adequate defence.
A single accurate defensive move would
41 Q-84 QxQ
have sufficed.
42 8xQ RxP
A very important asset for tournament Black has made the most of the
play is the ability to overcome a state position. Even so, after the correct con
of depression caused by a loss. Some tinuation 43 B-Q3 the game should have
players lose their self-confidence after ended in a draw, e.g. 43 . . . R-N6 44
K-K3 P-N3 45 R-N5 RxR 46 BxR NxP 5 8-84? PxP

4 7 P-Q5, etc. 6 P-K3 N-N 3
7 KBxP Nx8
43 P-N4? ? N-Q7ch
8 Q-R4ch P-8 3
44 Resigns
9 QxN N-Q4
The result of this important game de 10 8-K5 P-8 3
pended on a blunder. The remarkable fact· 11 8-N3 Q-N3
is that it should have been committed by 12 Q-K 2 8-N5
such a sound player, especially as he was 13 R -Q81 NxN
already out of the running for a high 14 PxN 8-R6
place. Bogolyubov's tenacity, on the other 15 R-Ql Q-N4
hand, was rewarded, for Alekhin, who 16 P-84 Q-QR4ch
with three rounds to go had a clear lead 17 N -Q2 0-0
of one point, lost in the penultimate 18 0-0 P-QN3
round with the white pieces in a ner 19 P-B4 8-R 3
vously played game to Spielmann, who 20 8-Kl Q-R5
shared last place in the tournament. 21 R-82 QR-Ql
22 R-Nl P -Q84
Queen's Gambit 23 PxP 8(R6)xP
24 N-N3 8-R6
Alekhin Spielmann 25 N -Q4 8xP
1 P -Q4 N-K8 3
2 P-Q84 P-K3 and Black won after 62 moves.
3 N-K83 P-Q4 The final result of the tournament was
4 N-83 QN-Q2 1 -3 Alekhin, Bernstein and Bogolyubov!
Baden=Baden 1 8 7 0
An Incorrect Sacrifice Leads to a Tournament Victory
The first part of the 1870 international Anderssen. In the seven games from
tournament, which was held in July and rounds eleven to seventeen he scored 5 'h.
August at the German spa of Baden points and in the last round had to face
Baden, later the venue for many a chess an opponent who was in the lower half of
contest, proved to be most interesting. A the table-de Ver e. Anderssen also had to
system of matches consisting of two play someone who was not in the best of
games each having been adopted, Anders form, though his opponent was one of
sen defeated his main rival, Steinitz, the leading players of that time. This
before causing the greatest surprise of the game between two old rivals was to
whole tournament by losing 2:0 to determine the winner of the tournament.
Neumann.
One of the participants, the German Ruy Lopez
master Stern, had to leave after playing
four games. The war between France and Anderssen Paulsen
Prussia had just broken out and Stern was 1 P-K4 P.K4
given the opportunity of seeking fame in 2 N·KB3 N·QB3
the uniform of a P russian officer but had 3 B·NS P·QR3
to forgo the attempt to achieve less 4 B·R4 N·B3
glorious, but also less dangerous, success 5 P·Q3 P·Q3
in the tournament. 6 BxN
The outbreak of war caused a lively
Anderssen again adopts the system he
discussion among the participants about
had successfully employed in London
whether or not the tournament should be
eight years previously against the same
continued. Baden-Baden was not far from
opponent in an equally vital game. On
the French border, and, as the French
that occasion the exchange BxN occurred
army was still of high repute, the pos
one move earlier, for Paulsen had played
sibility of the town being occupied could
3 . . . N-KB3, omitting 3 .. . P-QR 3.
not be ignored. However, professional
solidarity, or the desire to win the prizes,
6 PxB
prevailed, and the tournament continued, P·N3
7 P·KR3
though, according to press reports, in a
fairly nervous atmosphere. In London Paulsen had developed the
After ten rounds the position was as bishop to K2, but now he improves on his
follows: Neumann 7'h., Anderssen and defence by adopting a fianchetto, which
Blackburne 7, Steinitz 6. Then, however, is still considered strong today in such
Neumann dropped back. First he lost two positions.
games to Steinitz and then one each to
8 N·B3
Rosenthal and de Vere. Steinitz, on the
other hand, played with great energy and More than three decades later, Duras
at the beginning of the last round w as was very keen on such attacks against the
only half a point behind t h e leader, castled king as played here by Anderssen.
10 Pachman's Decisive Game s
The only difference was that he first after the text-move, White's attack is not
made the advance P-QB4 and then devel particularly effective.
oped by N-QB3, B-K3, Q-Q2, etc.
19 Q-Q81
8 . .. 8-KN2 20 N-8 3 P-R5
9 8-K3 G-0 21 N-Q2 N-K2
1 0 Q-Q 2 K-R l ! 22 P-8 3 ?
A good manoeuvre. I t is clear that A move not in keeping with Anders

Paulsen, who was one of the greatest sen's style. Perhaps it was intended as a
theoreticians of his time, had done his trap, though a chess player of master class
homework. is hardly likely to take the pawn on
Black's KR6 thereby opening a line of
1 1 8-R6 N-Nl attack for his opponent (e.g. 22 . . . BxRP
1 2 8x8ch Kx8 23 P-B4 or 23 R-R2). Better would have
Black is now ready to play P-KB4, been 22 P-B4, although after 22 . . . PxP
which White must prevent. If he tries to 23 QxKBP N-B 3 Black would have had a
counter in the centre with 13 P-Q4 Black sound position (e.g. 24 Q-B6ch K-Nl 25
gets a very good game after 13 . . . PxP 14 P-R4 Q- Ql or 24 P-R4 N-K4 25 Q-B6ch
QxPch Q-B3 15 Q-Q2 (15 Q-R4 N-K2) 15 K-Nl 26 P-R5 Q-Ql! 27 PxP QxQ 2 8
. . . R-Kl or 14 NxP Q-Kl 15 Q-84 N-B3. PxRPch K-Rl 29 PxQ NxQPch) .
13 P-KN4 Q-8 3 22 Q-N2

23 N-Ql N-83
A debatable move. Black invites the 24 P-R4 N-Q5
pawn advance P-KN5 so that, after with
With the pretty threat of 25 . .. P-R6
drawing his queen, he can break up
26 P-N3 NxNP 27 NxN QxN! 28 PxQ
White's pawns by P-KB 3. However, the
P-R7 .
queen is not well placed on KB3, because
the logical freeing move P-KB4 is pre 25 P-R3 Q-R2?.
vented. In view of the fact that neither
Now the queen will be out of play for
side has completed his development 1 3
a considerable time. It would have been
. . . P-KB4! ? would have been possible
better to transfer the king to K2 at once.
without undue risks. A good alternative is
13 . . . P-QB4 fo llowed by N- K2- B3-Q5 26 P- R5 Q-R4
27 R-R2 K-8 1
1 4 Q-K3 8-K3
28 PxP RPxP
1 5 N-K2
29 P-84 PxP
If 15 P-N5 Q- K2 16 P-Q4, then PxP 17 30 QxP K-K 2
QxPch P-B3 and Black frees himself by
The point of Black's defence. His king
P-QB4 and PxP.
can take refuge on the queen's side.
15 P-84 31 N-K83 K ·Q2

1 6 o-o-o P-QR4 32 K-Nl R-N6
17 P-84 R(81 )-Nl 33 NxN PxN
18 R(Ql )-N l Q-Ql 34 K-82 Q-K4
1 9 P·N5 35 Q-82
If White plays 19 P- KR4, Black can Black's pieces are actively placed, and
reply P-KR3 and prevent a file on the an objective evaluation would indicate an
king's side being forced open. However, exchange of queens for White to ensure a
Baden-Baden 1 870 11
draw. However, Anderssen had to win Objectively this move deserves a

this game to be sure of first place. On the question-mark. For the daring way in
other hand, defeat could have meant which Anderssen proceeds, an exclama
dropping back to fourth place. tion mark is called for. In this game,
35 R(Rl )-QNl whose loss would have cost him a lot,
36 R-R7 both from the point of view of chess and

K-8 3
37 Q-Q2 K-Q2 financially, he risked a great deal. But
38 R-81 here again fortune favoured the bold.

K-83
39 R-86 R(N6)-N2 41 8xR
40 Q-82 42 QxB R(N6)-N2
White is obviously trying at all costs to 43 Q-Q7ch K-N 3
44 QxRP QxNP
�pset the equilibrium. Black cannot now
play 40 . . . QxNP? 41 QxP Q-K4 42 QxQ
45 P-N4 Q-K4? ?
PxQ 43 R(R7)xP, etc.
Paulsen overlooks the only real, and
40 . . . R-N6 not very complicated, threat. After 45
Instead of this, Black could transfer . . . R-R2 Black would have had a won
his king to KR2 and thus prevent White's game, for the passive retreat 46 Q-N3 is
exchange sacrifice, for after- 40 . . . K-N3 obviously hopeless, and if instead White
the continuation 41 N-B3 K-R4! 42 tries 45 Q-Q7, there follows 46 . . . R-Ql
N-N5? fails to 42 . . . P-B3. The exchange 47 Q -N7 (47 Q-B7 Q-N7ch 48 K-N3
sacrifice, however, should be no real Q-Q7) 47 . . . Q-K4 48 Q-B7 (48 Q xNP
danger for Black. RxP) 48 . . . R-KRl ! etc.
14. Anderssen-Paulsen
46 N-N 2 !
Now there i s no defence t o the terrible

threat of 47 P-B5ch PxP 48 N-B4 mate.
Black's next few moves only succeed in
prolonging the game a little.
46 R-R2
47 P-85ch K-N2
48 Q-N5ch K-Rl
49 Q-86ch R(R2)-N2
41 R(86)x8P ! ? 50 RxP Resigns
Baden-Baden 1 870
2 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 Pts Prize
1 Anderssen 1 1 1 y, 0 0 1 1 Y, l 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 13 I
2 Steinitz 0 0 0 1/z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1/z 1 y, 1 1 1 21/z II
3 Blackburne 0 y, 1 y, 1/z O 0 1 1 1 1 y, 1 1 y,y, 1 12 III, IV
4 Neumann 1 1 0 0 Y, l 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1/z O 1 1 12 III, IV
S L Paulsen 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 Y, 1 1 y, 1 y, 1 1 9y, v
6 de Vere Y, O 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 8Y2
7 Winawer 0 1 0 0 0 y, 0 0 y, 0 0 1 1 1 1 1;, 1 1 81/z
8 Minckwitz 0 0 1 y, 0 0 0 0 0 y, 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 7
9 Rosenthal 1 0 0 y, y, y, y, 1 0 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 0 1 1 7
1 0 Stern 0 0 ('/, 0 ) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (1 0 ) 0 0
The German player Stern p layed only the four games shown in brackets. Then he had to leave because
of the outbreak of war. All his games were deemed to have been won by his opponents.
3 Vienna 1873
Failure at the Post
Cases in which a mistake unexpectedly There remained only one more

upsets the result of a tournament at the match-against Ro senthal-and a victory
last moment are by no means unusual, or a draw in that would have ensured him
and no one seems to worry about them first prize and the greatest success of his
except those immediately concerned. chess career.
However, it does sometimes happen that A present-day grandmaster or master
an unexpected set-back, a falling off in would approach such a decisive match
form or a loss to a much weaker oppo with caution and possibly be content
nent can influence the outcome of the with three draws against the weaker
tournament to such an extent that his player. Such tactics, however, were un
torians cannot simply gloss over it. known to the chess generation of the
One such case occurred in the first 1870s. At that time it was not only
international tournament in the Austrian victory that counted; the beauty of its
capital, which was later, at the tum of the conception, a convincing win and the
century, to become a focal point of world applause of the whole chess world played
chess. their pan.
The English master Blackburne was on Blackburne sacrificed two pawns in
the point of becoming the hero of the the first game and after move thirty had a
tournament. He was within inches of lost position (see diagram 15).
achieving the major success of his life. His 15. Blackburne-Rosenthal
failure was all the more tragic.
The tournament was played on a
system of matches consisting of three
games, only the matches being counted,
so that, if a player won the first two
games, the third was not played. This
system tended to confuse the true per
formance of the players, for a victory by
2: 0 or Z1h:'n was valued no higher than
the less deserving 2: 1.
Soon after the start the English master
Blackbume faced Steinitz, and caused the
Black has several ways of winning. For
first great sensation of the tournament by
the reasons mentioned Rosenthal chooses
beating him in the first and third games,
the most showy.
where he had White, and drawing in the
32 . . . NxBP
second, where he had Black. Then he
3 3 BxBPch K-Rl?
continued his run of victories. He defeated
players as renowned as Paulsen and Bird, This leads to unnecessary complica
and finally won the match against his tions, which Black could avoid by playing
second most difficult opponent, his king to KBl .
Anderssen. 34 NxR
Vienna 1873 13
A move of despair, which fails by a King's Gambit
hair's breadth to bring victory. Black
burne had obviously worked out that the 8lackburne Rosenth al
following continuation loses : 34 KxN
1 P·K4 P·K4
B-B4ch 35 RxB RxQ 36 RxR ( 3 6 NxR
2 P·K84 PxP
Q-K6ch and mate in two moves) 3 6 . . .
3 N·K8 3 P-KN4
RxR 3 7 R-Q8ch K-R2 3 8 B-N8ch K-N 3
4 P-KR4 P·N 5
39 R-Q6ch K-R4 40 B-B7ch P-KN 3 41
5 N-K5 Q·K2
RxNP R-B7ch 42 K-Kl R-B8ch ! 4 3 K-Q2
6 NxNP?
(43 K-K2 Q-B 8ch) 4 3 . . . Q-Q2ch 44
KxR QxB . The correct continuation is 6 P-Q4
P-Q3 7 NxNP P-KB4 8 N-B 2 , which
34 NxQ incidentally was well known at the time
the game was played.
3 5 RxN P-86??
6 P·K84
An unbelievable mistake. Now after 7 N-82 PxP
the obvious 36 RxP and the forced 8 N-83
continuation 36 . . . B-B4ch 37 K-R l
Or 8 Q-R 5 ch K-Ql 9 Q-KB 5 P-K6 !
Q-B l 3 8 P-N4 Q-B 2 39 N-N6ch K-R 2 40
PxB White has a rook and two minor 8 N·KB 3
pieces for the queen. 9 N·N4?
Although there was only a draw to be
Or 9 N-Q5 NxN 10 Q-R5 ch Q-B2 1 1
had from 3 5 . . . B-B4ch 36 RxB RxR 3 7
Q-K5ch Q-K 3 1 2 QxR N-K B 3 with advan-
N-N 6ch with perpetual check, Black
tage to Black.
could have won without difficulty by 3 5
. . . Q-B4 3 6 N-N6ch K-R2 37 RxB RxR 9 N-R4
38 N-B8ch K-R l . 10 N·K3 N·N6
The surprises, however, are not yet 11 Q·N4 NxR
over. 12 Qx8P P·8 3
13 N·85 Q·K3
14 8·K2 P·Q4
36 NxP? ? 8xPch
15 8·N4 Q-83
37 Nx8 QxR
16 P·Q4 8xN
38 R-81 Q·K6ch
17 8x8 8·Q3
39 K·Rl R·Q7
18 Q·N4 R·81
40 8·N6 RxNch
19 Q·R5ch Q-82
41 KxR Q-K7ch
20 8-N4 QxQ
42 Resigns
21 8xQch K-Q2
22 8·R6 N·R3
How can such a case be explained? It
23 8-N4ch K·82
is obvious that Blackburne had already
24 8xR Rx8
written off the game and so failed to take
25 N·K2 N·N6
the unexpected chance that he was later
26 Resigns
given.
The English master failed to recover The top two players h ad thus lost one
fr om this defeat . The second game was match each, so in accordance with the
drawn , and th e third, which he had to rules a play-off took place. In their
win, had all the appearances of having previous match Steinitz had drawn one
been played in a coffee-house. game and lost two. Now, however, his
14 Pach man 's Decisive Games
opponent was i n bad psychological shape, oped slowly (B·K2, K-R l ) , so White can
and the match proved to be an un quite safely postpone castling.
expected walk-over.
12 P-QR4! ?
1 3 P.R4 PxP
Ruy Lopez
14 8xRP P·Q4! ?
8lackburne Steinitz Steinitz obviously makes a correct

assessment of the psychological condition
1 P-K4 P·K4
of his opponent and decides to embark
2 N·K83 N·Q8 3
on a cut and thrust affair. If White now
3 8·N 5 P·QR3
accepts the pawn sacrifice ( 1 5 KBxN B xB
4 8·R4 N·83
1 6 NxP) Black has, after B-N2, an active
5 Q·K2 P-QN4
game as well as the two bishops.
6 8-N3 8·N 2
It is interesting to note that this 1 5 Q-82 PxP
method of development has occurred 1 6 PxP N-Q2
frequ ently in tournaments recently. 17 8-KN 3 ?
7 P-Q3 A bad m istake. The tempo lost

through retreating with the bishop will
Quiet development like this is not have serious consequ ences. The correct
likely to cause Black any great trouble. continuation is 1 7 BxB QxB 1 8 N-N 3
White has greater chances with 7 P-B 3 (better than 1 8 N-K3 N-B4 19 0-0 N-Ql !
followed by 0-0, R-Ql and P-Q4. with unpleasant pressure on the KP) 1 8
. . . N-84 1 9 0-0 with approximate
7 8·84
equality.
8 P·8 3 0-0
9 8·N5 P-R3 17 N-84!
10 8·KR4 8·K2 1 8 R·Ql Q·Kl !
Black has, it is true, lost a tempo; on 1 6. B lackburne-Steinitz

the other hand, White's bishop on KR4 is
by no means brilliantly placed. Another
possibility is 10 . . . P·Q3 followed by
B-N3 , N-N l and QN-Q2.
1 1 QN-Q2 K·Rl
A move that is difficult to understand.

Black perhaps intends to reply to 1 2 0-0
by N·KNl and, after White's retreat 1 3
B-N 3 , regroup his minor pie ces (B-B3,
KN-K2) . The move 1 1 . . . P-Q3 looks
With this move Black gives additional
better.
protection to his knight on QB3 and thus
1 2 N·81 paves the way for 8-R 3 . Naturally he has
nothing to fear from White taking his
Contemporary annotators consi dered king's pawn : 1 9 NxP NxB 20 QxN NxN
this move to be bad and possibly even the 2 1 QxQ R ( B l )xQ 22BxN BxP, etc .
cause of White's defeat-to my mind
wrongly, however. Black has also devel- 1 9 N-K3 8·R 3 !
Vienna 1 8 73 15
If now 20 BxN QxB 21 NxP , Black Irregular
can choose between an exchange of
queens ( 2 1 . . . QxP 22 QxQ NxQ 2 3 Steinitz 8lackburne
R-Q7 B-B 3 2 4 N ( K 3 ) -N4 QR-N l ) and the
1 P-QR 3 P·KN3
promising pawn sacrifice 2 1 . . . Q-K 3 22
2 P-Q4 8·N2
P-KB 3 QR-N l
3 P-K4 P·Q84
20 N·Q5 ? 8·Q3 4 PxP Q·82
21 N·R4 5 8·Q3 Qx8P
The continuation 2 1 BxN QxB 22 6 N·K2 N·Q83
NxKP can be answered by 22 . . . Q-K l or 7 8·K3 Q-QR4ch
22 . . . BxN 23 BxB R-Kl , in both cases 8 QN-8 3 P-Q3
with advantage to Black. White's only 9 O·O 8·Q2
chance lies in artificial castling-P-K B 3 10 P-QN4 Q·Q l
and K-B2-though there i s not really 11 R·Nl P·N 3 ?
enough time for it.
Black should play 1 1 . . . N-B 3 at
21 . . . R-QN l once.
22 N-86 ! ?
Answering the threat o f 2 2 . . . NxB 2 3 12 N·Q5 N-8 3
QxN RxP. Black cannot accept the sac ri
fice : e.g. 22 . . . PxN 2 3 Q-B l N·K 3 24 Better is 1 2 . . . P-K 3 !
QxPch K·Nl 2 5 N-B5 RxP 2 6 RxB ! PxR 13 NxNch 8xN
27 BxN Q-Ql 28 B-KR4, etc. , or 2 5 . . . 14 8·KR6! N·K4
B-N4 2 6 B-N 3 ! Q-Q2 27 B-KR4, etc. 15 P·R 3 R·KNl
White's impressive-looking move, how 16 P-K84 N·8 3
ever , merely leads to an exchange of 17 Q-Q2 Q-82
pieces, which in no way improves his 18 P-84 N·Ql
situation. 19 R(81 )-Q81 N·K3
22 Q·K 3 ! 20 N·83 Q·N 2
23 8xN QxN 21 N·Q5 8·Rl
24 P-83 R·N 3 22 K-Rl R-Q81
25 8-Q5 R(81 )·QN 1 23 Q-K82 8(Q2)-83
26 P.N 3 NxNP 24 Q·R4 N-Q5
27 N-85 N·84 25 8·N5 8xN
28 P.Q84 R·N7 26 8Px8 K·Q2
29 Nx8 PxN 27 8xP RxR
28 RxR R·Q81
Or 29 . . . RxQ 30 NxPch K-R 2 3 1
29 R·Ql R·86
BxP Q-K2.
30 8·86 Q-81
30 Q·8 3 KR·N6 31 Q·N4ch N·84
31 QxRP R·K6ch 32 8·QN 5ch K·82
32 K-8 1 Rx8Pch 33 8xR P·KR4
33 K·Nl Rx8 34 Q-8 3 N·R5
34 Resigns 35 8x8 Qx8
In the second game Blackburne again 36 R·Q81ch K·N 2
failed to put ul? any resistance. Steinitz 37 Q-8 3 Q-Ql
even played an 'irregular opening, which 38 Q·Q86ch K·Nl
was something very unusual for him. 39 8·R6 Resi gns
Vienna 1873
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pts Prize
1 Steinitz - 0 y, 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 y, 1 y, 1 1 Vi 1 y, 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 I
2 Blackburne 1 Vi 1 - 0 1 1 0 Vi 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 Vi 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 10 II
3 Anderssen 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 Vi 0 1 1 Vi y, 1 1 1 0 1 1 Vi 1 1 81/i Ill
4 Rosentha! 0 0 1 y, 1 1 0 0 - 0 0 1 0 Vi 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 71/i IV
5 Bird 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 - 0 0 1 1 0 1/i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6\li V, VI
6 L Paulsen 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 y, 1 1 - 1 1 0 1 y, y, 1 1 1 1 1 0 Vi 1 1 61/i V, VI
7 Fleissig y, 0 y, 0 1 0 1 0 Vi 0 0 0 0 0 0 - 0 Vi 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 Vi 1 1 1 3\li
8 Heral 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 Yi 1 1 0 y, 1 y, 0 0 Yi 1 y, 0 1 y, 1 0 0 1 0 3
9 Meitner y, 0 y, 0 0 Vi y, 0 0 0 0 0 y, 0 0 1 0 0 1 Vi 0 - Vi 1 Vi Vi 1 1 1 1 31/i
10 Gelbfuss 0 0 y, 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 y, 1 0 y, 0 v, - y, Vi v, v, 1 1 3
11 Schwarz 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 y, 1 1/i 0 'h 0 1 1/2 0 0 'h 'h •;, - 'h 1 'h 3
12 Pitschel 0 0 0 1 0 y, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Vi 0 0 Vi 0 Vi - 1
In this tournament, matches of three games were played. If the first two games w ere won by t h e same player the third was not played. In the final result
onl y the matches, and not the games, counted. There was a play-off between Steinitz and Blackburne, w hich ended 2 :0 in favour of Steinitz.
4 The First World
Championship Match
Cool Calculation versus Attacking E lan
The 1 8 70s and 1 880s were dominated by level matters by 1 0 February, winning
two players of entirely different charac three and halving one. After a fortnight's
ter. The cosmopolitan Steinitz, who was break the match was continued in New
born in Prague, was too far ahead of his Orleans, where the tenth game was
time to enjoy any particular popularity in drawn. This was virtually the start of a
the chess world . He played a ponderous new match of ten games, with chances
type of chess, thinking over his moves equal. In the eleventh game Zukertort
slowly and calculating accurately. He had White, and it was assumed that he
µ-eferred dour defence and positional would make a renewed effort to go into
manoeuvres to brilliant attacks, indulging the lead.
in combinations only when the result
could be clearly foreseen. Four Knights Game
Zukertort, who was six years younger,
Zukertort Steinitz
played an elegant type of chess that was
understood by his contemporaries. He 1 P-K4 P-K4
never had difficulties with his clock, he 2 N-K83 N-Q83
worked out impressive combinations at 3 N-83 N-83
lightning speed, and he played for the 4 8-N S 8-N S
spectators, with whom he was very 5 0-0 0-0
popular. In 1878 and 1 8 8 3 Zukertort 6 N -QS
won two great international tournaments, Such sallies were very popular in the
in Paris and in London, the latter by a
last century. Current theory gives this
margin of three clear points from move a question-mark, though it should
Steinitz. In London and the previous year be remembered that the experience of
in Vienna these two players faced each several generations was necessary for this
other a total of four times, Zukertort conclusion to be reached. Correct is 6
winning twice, Steinitz once , with one P-Q3 , but 6 BxN QPxB 7 P-Q3 is also
game drawn. good.
After extensive· negotiations they met
6 . .. NxN
in 1 88 6 in the first match recognized by
7 PxN P-KS !
the chess world as a world championship
title match. It was played in the three A discovery of Steinitz's, which is the
American towns of New York, St Louis reason why 6 N-QS has completely dis
and New Orleans. Steinitz made a tragic appeared.
start, being 4: 1 down after losing four 8 PxN
and winning one of the five games played
The best way of attaining equality is 8
in New York. Not a single game was
N-Kl N-K2 9 P-Q3 . Now, however, the
drawn. That was the position on 20
initiative goes over to Black.
January. The scene then moved to St
Louis, where play in the sixth game began 8 PxN
on 3 February. Here Steinitz managed to 9 QxP
Not, o f course, 9 PxNP BxP o r 9 PxQP 1 7. Zukertort-Steinitz
PxNP! etc.
9 QPxP
10 8-Q3 8-Q3
1 1 P-QN 3
White is too much occupied with

completing his development. The correct
move is 1 1 P-B 3 followed by B-B2 and
P-Q4.
11 • . . Q-N4!
Position after Black's 1 6th move
With the unpleasant threat of Q-K4.
White could now preve nt a loss of sacrifice which Steinitz regarded as u n
material by 1 2 R-N l , but then his op sound. Obje ctive ly best, howeve r, is 1 6
pone nt would have a considerable lead in . . . QxP ! , for the rook on K 3 prevents
development after 1 1 . . . B-KN 5 . True to White from trapping Black 's queen. A
form Zukertort therefore sacrifices a possible continuation is then 1 7 BxB PxB
pawn and hopes for attacking chances. 18 Q- K4 P-KN 3 19 Q-Q4 Q-R 6 20 P-QN4
P.QR4!
12 8-N 2 QxQP
1 3 8-81 17 8xPch?
Played with the intention of pre A move cypical of the times and of
venting the Black queen from retreating Zukertort's style. A better continuation
to KR 3 . The continuation 1 3 Q-R5 was 17 Q-R 3 P-KN 3 18 RxRch RxR 19
P-KN 3 1 4 Q-R4 Q- B 5 is not particularly BxB PxB 2 0 Q-Q7 with good drawing
good either, although it is possible that a chances.
modern master might choose such a line
17 Kx8
in the hope of achieving a draw following
18 Q·R5ch K-N l
an exchange of queens. In the last cen
19 R·R 3 P-8 3
tury , however, such tactics were con
20 Q-R7ch K-82
sidered degrading.
21 Q-R5ch K-8 1
13 Q·R4 22 Q-R8ch K-82
1 4 8-K84 8-K3 This series of checks requires an ex
1 5 QR-Kl KR-Kl ! planation . In the last century the rules of
It would be a mistake to take the play were laid down before each match or
second pawn, for after 15 . . . QxP? 1 6 tournament, and in world championship
B-Q2 ! White threatens to win the queen matches a draw could be claimed only
( 1 7 R-Rl Q-N7 18 B-B 3 ! ) , and if 1 6 . . . after the same moves had been repeated
Q-R6, White replies with 1 7 P-QN 4 ! , six times. More over, the first time-control
shutting Black's queen dangerously out of was after thirty moves, so that Steinitz
play. could repeat moves until then to allow
himself to work out the best continuation
16 R-K3 8·Q4? at home.
When making his last move Steinitz 23 Q-R 5 ch K-8 1

was probably convinced that his op 24 Q-R8ch K-82
ponent would now sacrifice his bishop, a 25 Q·R 5 ch K-8 1
The First World Championship Match 19
26 Q·R8ch K·B2 32 R·K3ch K·Bl
27 Q-R5ch K·Bl 33 Q·R8ch B·Nl
28 Q·R8ch K·B2 34 B·R6 !
29 Q·R5ch K·Bl Suddenly the position looks dangero us
30 Q-R8ch K·B2 for Black. After 34 . . . PxB ? ? 35 QxBPch
31 Q·R5ch K·K2! B-B2 White would not even have to be
The game is not drawn although the content with perpetual check, but could
position has been repeated six times, the win by 36 QxPch K-Nl 37 R-R3 B-K4 38
rules at that time requiring that the Q-N 5 ch K-Bl 39 R ·R 8ch ! BxR 40 QxQ.
moves of both sides be repeated six times. But clearly Steinitz had worked that out.
Steinitz avoids this and embarks on a 34 R·K2!
d ifficult winning manoeuvre. KxR
35 RxR
36 BxP Q-KB4
1 8 . Zukertort-Steinitz
37 R-Kl ch K·B2
38 B-R6 Q-R2
39 QxQ BxQ
40 P·QB4 P·R4
41 B·K 3 P·QB4
42 R·Ql P·R5
43 Resigns
The psychological effect of this game
was considerable. Zukertort, with White,
lost the next game and only succeeded in
winning once in the rest of the match.
Position after White's 34th move The final result was 1 0 :5 with five draws.
World Championship 1 8 9 4
Tactics Victorious over Strategy
When Steinitz defended his title in a opponent, Lasker, also used it con
match against Dr Emanuel Lasker, he was sistently.
fifty-eight years old. His twenty-six year
4 P-Q4 8-Q2
old opponent was his first pupil. Among
5 N·83 KN-K2
their contemporaries, Lasker was the first
to recognize the depth of Steinitz's stra Later this development of the knight
tegical conceptions, but he was also aware became popular in the line 3 . . . P-QR 3 4
of the difficulties of their practical appli B-R4 P-Q3 5 P-8 3 B-Q2 6 P-Q4 KN-K2,
cation . Steinitz belonged to the nine for the pawn on QB 3 hampers White's
teen th century and now found himself development, allowing Black the privilege
faced by a thinker of the twentieth, who of adopting a slow mobilization of his
was a fighter too, for Lasker always forces.
considered chess to be a fight more than
6 8-K3
anything else.
The year 1 894 was really the start o f In the fourth game Lasker had played
Lasker's ch ess career, and the result of 6 B-QB4 PxP (answering the threat of
this contest between years of experience N-KN S ) 7 NxP N xN 8 QxN N-8 3 9 Q-K 3
and youthful elan was quite open. B-K3 1 0 N-QS B-K2 1 1 B-Q2 0-0 1 2 0-0
The first person to win ten games was N-K4 1 3 B-N3 BxN 14 BxB P-QB 3 1 5
to be the winner. In the first four games B-N 3, and gained a slight though lasting
both players managed to use the advan advantage. Nevertheless the game ended
tage of the white pieces to force wins. in a draw. This time Lasker hopes to
The next two games were drawn. There achieve more.
followed a break of three days ( 3 1
6 . . . N-N3
March- 2 April), after which the match
7 Q-Q2
was resumed at the New York Union
Square Hotel, where the seventh game Again a move of a decidedly aggressive
was played. Here the match really got character. White prepares to castle long,
going. Few people realized that that day so that he can launch a king-side attack.
was virtually to decide the outcome of The quiet continuation 7 0-0 would have
the match and the world championship given him a slight advantage in space.
title.
7 8 -K2
Ruy Lopez 8 0-0-0 P-QR3
9 8-K2 PxP
Lisker Steinitz
10 NxP NxN
1 P-K4 P-K4 11 QxN 8 -K83
2 N-K83 N-Q83 12 Q-Q2 8-83
3 B-NS P-Q3 13 N-QS 0-0
The defence named after Steinitz. It is In spite of White's slight advantage in

interesting to note that his pupil and space, due to the so-called little centre
World Championship 1 894 21
(pawn on K4 against one on Q3) , the conversion o f Black's advantage as dit
game is more or less equal, for Black's ficult as possible. A player of lesser
minor pieces are actively placed. From stature would probably have tried to
now on Lasker plays in a way quite reduce the material disadvantage by 20
contrary to his usual style. The unpre B-B 3 RxB 2 1 BxP, but then, after 2 1 . . .
pared attack, signalled by his next two R-K 7 ! 22 QxR QxQ 2 3 BxR Q-K6ch 24
moves, is an isolated occurrence in his K-N l QxP or 22 QR-K l RxQ 23 RxQ
games. NxR 24 KxR R-R2, the position would
be fairly straightforward.
14 P-KN4! ? R-Kl !
20 . . . Rx8
1 5 P-N 5 ? N·Rl
21 8·84
The previous move did not in itself A well-known principle postulated by
compromise White's position unduly. But Steinitz is that defence should be as
now Lasker fails to strengthen the centre economical as possible, that is it should
by 1 5 P-KB 3 , which was really necessary. tie up the minimum of one 's own forces.
For that reason, he protects the pawn
15 . . . BxN
with a knight and not a rook (R-KB l ) , so
16 Qx8
that the rook can control the open king's
The line 1 6 NPxB BxKP 1 7 P-KB3 file.
B-B 3 18 PxP Q-K2 loses at once, and 22 P·KR4 P-Q8 3
after 1 6 KPxB Black has the interesting 2 3 P·N6! ? P-Q4
positional exchange sacrifice 1 6 . . .
The simplest reply. Also possible is 2 3
RxB ! , which White could hardly accept,
. . . RPxP 2 4 P-R5 P-KN4 (not, however,
for 17 PxR ( 1 7 QxR?? BxKNP) 17 . . .
24 . . . P-Q4 25 PxP! NxP 26 B-Q3, which
BxKNP followed by N-K4 and B-B 3
gives White good attacking chances for his
leaves Black's pieces actively placed,
three pawns ) .
whereas White's bishop is powerless. On
24 PxRPch KxP
the other hand, 17 PxB R-K4 18 PxP
25 8-Q3 ch K-N l
Q-B 3 followed by R(R l )-Kl and N-B 5
26 P-R5 R-Kl
gives Black an obvious advantage .
27 P·R6 P·KN 3
16 . . . R·K4 28 P-R7ch K·N 2
1 7 Q-Q2 29 K-N l Q-K4
30 P-R3 P·Q84
Lasker had obviously overlooked the
31 Q·82 P-85
temporary piece sacrifice that now allows
32 Q-R4
Black to win material. Otherwise, he
would have played 1 7 QxNP, which leads 19. Lasker-Steinitz
to complications. In this case, however,
Black could have sacrificed a pawn to
gain a strong attack : 17 . . . R-N l 1 8
QxRP BxP 1 9 Q-Q3 N-B5 2 0 B x N BxBch
2 1 K-N l R-N5 22 P-KB 3 Q-N l , etc.
17 BxP!
18 P·K84 RxP!
19 Px8 Q-K2
20 R(Q1)·8 1 l
Strategically the game is already lost,
and Lasker can only hope to make the 32 . . . P-B 3
Contemporary annotators regarded the unfortunate posmon of Black's
this move as incorrect, but quite wrongly, knight on Rl but rather the exposed
for it was the quickest way to win. position of the Black king. White's king,
Naturally 3 2 . . . K-B l is also good on the other hand, is quite safe, as a
enough, for 3 3 BxNP NxB 34 P-R8=Qch result of the remarkable cool-headedness
NxQ( R l ) 3 5 QxNch QxQ 3 6 RxQch K-K2 displayed by Lasker in making his
leaves Black with a won endgame and the twenty-ninth and thirtieth moves.
stronger 3 3 B-B 5 ! can be answered by
P-B 3 or P-Q5 , not, however, by 3 3 . . . 40 . . . R-K2?
PxB? 3 4 R(R l)-N l . When a player has had a winning
position for most of the game it is
3 3 8·8 5 ! K·82?
difficult for him to readjust his thinking
In attempting to drive off the troub le and be satisfied with a draw. Black could
some bishop, Steinitz has chosen the have attained this by 40 . . . Q-K2, for 41
wrong plan. The correct, and winning, R-B 8 R-K 3 42 R-B8ch R-QB 3 leads no
line is 3 3 . . . Q-N6! 34 Q-R6ch K-B2 where and 41 Q-B 8 QxQ 42 RxQ N-N 3
followed by R-K8ch. 43 R-KN8 R-R6 44 RxN RxRP 45 P-B3
is a typically drawn roo k endgame.
34 R(Rl )-Nl ! Px8? Steinitz, however, was still dreaming
His previous move had made the task abo u t winning and wanted to prepare the
of winning more difficult, for after the manoeuvre Q-Q2 and RxP. He saw that
correct 34 . . . P-KN4 35 Q-R 5 ch K-K2 41 R-B8 RxP! was not possible for White,
36 Q-R 6 it is no easy matter to convert but he failed to see the main danger-his
the advantage of the two pawns. Taking exposed king.
the bishop, however, leads to a quick and
unexpected change of fortune. 41 Q-R 2 ! Q�2
35 Q-R 5 ch K-K2 There is no way of saving the game,

36 R-N 8 K·Q3 e.g. 41 . . . R-K3 42 Q-B2ch K-B 3 43
37 RxP Q·K3 R-88 or 41 . Q·Ql 42 Q-N l ch K-N4 43
. .
3 8 RxR QxR(K l ) P-R4ch KxP 44 Q-85 ! R-K8ch 45 K-R2

39 Rx8Pch K·84 QxR 46 P-N3ch, etc.
40 Q-R6!
20 . Lasker-Steinitz 42 Q-N l ch P-Q5

43 Q-N5ch Q-Q4
44 R-85 QxR
45 QxQch K-Q3
46 Q-86ch Resigns
The result of this dramatic game was

tragic for Steinitz . He failed to recover
quickly enough from the depression it
caused, - and he lost four more times,
playing well below his usual standard.
That virtually decided the outcome. The
match was continued in Philadelphia and
A curious situation. Black 1s a full Montreal, and seven weeks later Lasker
piece up but cannot win. The reason is had won the world championship title by
not so much the strong pawn on R 7 or 1 0 : 5 with four draws.
6 Hastings 1 89 5
Failure of the New World Champion
The name of the English seaside resort of Steinitz, Schiffers, J anowski, Mason and
Hastings is now automatically linked with Teichmann. His run of victories was quite
the traditional annual chess congress, a sensation in the chess world.
which first took place in 1 8 9 5 . A year The world champion, Lasker, began
previously Lasker had gained the world very badly, losing to Chigorin in the
championship title by his victory over the second round and Bardeleben in the
ageing Steinitz. But the chess world was fou rth. He then improved his position by
not yet convinced of his supremacy. He victories over Bird, J anowski, Pollock,
needed to win a great tournament in Walbrodt, Steinitz and Gunsberg. He also
which the elite of the chess world had won the impo rtant twelfth round game
participated. against Pillsbury.
The Hastings organizers succeeded in In the seventeenth round Pillsbury had
the by no means easy task of creating a walkover, his opponent, Bardeleben,
such a tournament. There were thirty failing to turn up for the game-a rare
eight entries from the best chess masters occurrence in such a tournament. How
of the time, sixteen of whom had to be ever, this was characteristic of
turned down. Only in one case was this Bardeleben : in his game against Steinitz
for reasons other than playing ability or he simply walked out of the tournament
previous performance. The Polish master hall, leaving his opponent the task of
Winawer was not accepted because the showing the spectators the final phase of
organizers refused to accept his demand the mating sequence.
to play under a pseudonym. Clearly At the start of the twentieth and
masters of that era also had strange penultimate round of this historic tourna-.
wishes at times! ment the position was as follows:
Chigorin was the hero of the first pa rt Chigorin 1 5 , Lasker and Pillsbury 1 4'h.
of the tournament. In the first round he The next two, Tarrasch and Steinitz, were
defeated Pillsbury and in the second two and a half points behind . In the last
Lasker, who, as it later turned out, were two rounds Chigorin had White against
his main rivals for first place. In the Janowski and Black against Schlechter,
fourth round, however, he suffered a while Lasker had White against Blackburne
defeat at the hands of his fellow and Black against Burn. In the twentieth
countryman Schiffers, the game lasting round Pillsbury faced by far the weakest
only twenty moves. Then there followed participant in the tournament, Vengani,
a series of victories, which was ended by a and had White in the last round against
Joss in the thirteenth round, an Evans Gunsberg. It was thus clear that Chigorin
Gambit, to his opponent in a previous and, even more so, Lasker would have to
world championship match, Steinitz. play for a win in the twentieth round, for
After his set-back in the first round, their games in that round were of great
Pillsbury began to catch up by winning importance m determining the final
against Tarrasch , Pollo ck, Albin, Mieses, victor.
This makes Black's elegant finish pos
Vienna Game sible. However, 1 3 K-Nl is not much
Chigorin better on account of 1 3 . . . P-QN4! 1 4
Janowski
P-QN 3 B-N5 1 5 K-N2 N-Q5 with the
1 P-K4 P-K4 threat of 1 6 . . . Q-R6ch and (after 1 7
2 N-Q8 3 N-KB3 K-N l ) a double piece-sacrifice on QN 6.
3 P-Q3
21. Chigorin-J anowski
The choice of such an opening by so
aggressive a player as Chigorin is hard to
understand, especially as he was in the
lead . It is one of those mysteries that
occur at exciting and exhausting
moments of a tournament.
3 P-Q4
4 PxP
The move 4 P- KB4 leads to a well

known theoretical position, in which
Black obtains a good game by either 4 . . . 13 8xP!
PxBP 5 P-K5 P-Q5 or 4 . . . N-QB 3 .
A normal piece-sacrifice. After 14 PxB
4 .. . NxP QxPch 1 5 K-Nl N-N5 16 R-B l (meeting
5 Q-K2 the threat of 1 6 . . . B-R 7ch 1 7 K-R l
A move that will be justly punished. B-N6dis ch 1 8 K-Nl BxP mate) 1 6 . . .
B-R7ch 1 7 K-Rl R-B 3 ! Black wins.
5 N-QB 3
14 N-Nl 8xPch !
6 8-Q2 8-K2
1 5 Kx8 Q-R7ch
7 0-0-0 0-0
16 K-81
8 Q-8 3 ( ? )
A real problem mate would be 1 6
White is having difficulty in com K-B 3 Q-R S mate.
pleting his develop ment, but this only
16 . . . N-Q5
makes matters worse . Chigorin was evi
1 7 Resigns
dently not enamoured of the continua
tion 8 N-KB 3 B-KN 5 9 P-KR 3 N-Q5 1 0 Lasker's task in his game was by no
QxP B x N 11 PxB N-N5 , a n d , of course, 8 means easy either, especially from the
P-KN 3 NxN 9 BxN Q-Q4! is bad. psychological point of view. In the pre
vious round, he had had much the best of
8 8-K3 the play for most of the game, his
9 KN-K2 P-84 opponent having to struggle for a draw in
1 0 Q-R 3 the ending; then he blundered and
actually lost. So the present game was his
More logical i s 1 0 P-KN 3 . I t is, how
last opportunity. He had to win to remain
ever, difficult to comment on Chigorin's
in the running.
individual moves in this game. He seems
to have played as if in a dream. Ruy Lopez
10 Q-Q3 Lasker Blackburne
1 1 NxN QxN 1 P-K4 P-K4
1 2 N-83 Q-R4 2 N-KB 3 N-QB 3
1 3 P-R 3 3 B-N 5 P-Q3
Hastings 1895 25
Lasker himself was very fond of the tries 1 9 Q-K 3 the reply is 1 9 . . . P-KN 3 !
Steinitz Defence. Now he had to fight and if 20 B-B 3 then B-R 3 ! Blackburne,
against his own weapon. however, chooses a quieter continuation,
evidently out of respect for his great
4 P-Q4 8·Q2
opponent.
5 N·8 3 PxP
6 NxP NxN 15 8-K2
7 QxN 8x8 1 6 Q-82 8-8 3
8 Nx8 N-K2 1 7 QR-Nl 8·QS
9 0-0 18 P·QN4 N-K4
The first inaccuracy. It would have
Black's pieces are ideally centralized,
been better to develop the queen's bishop
and there is, moreover, the threat of
so that the queen can. move to Q2.
N-B6ch. Lasker now had a last chance to
Theory recommends 9 B-K 3 or, even
avert the threatening defeat by adopting
better, 9 B-N 5 .
an active defence, e.g. 19 R-N 3 (and if 19
9 N-8 3 . . . N-N5 then 2 0 R-KB 3 ) .

1 0 Q·8 3 P-QR 3
2 2 . Lasker-Blackburne
1 1 N-R3
After 1 1 N-Q4 Q-B 3 ! 1 2 B-K 3 Black

has no difficulty in completing his devel-
opment.
11 Q·8 3 ! ?
1 2 Q-QN 3 ( ? )
If the game had been played i n an

earlier round Lasker would have certainly
exchanged queens, which incidentally
would have accorded well with his style.
After 12 QxQ PxQ 1 3 N-B4 White has the 1 9 R·K2? N-86ch
better of it, and an endgame expert like 20 K-Rl NxP
Lasker would still have had winning
chances despite the simplification. Black is content with winning a pawn,
but there was more to be had. He could
12 0-0-0 have won at least the exchange by 20 . . .
1 3 P-Q84( ?) Q-R4 ! , e.g. 2 1 B-B4 B-K4 22 BxB RxB 2 3
Another nervous move, after which P-R 3 N-Q5 o r 2 1 P-R 3 N-N8 ! 22
Black has the advantage. After 1 3 N-B4 R (K2)-Kl NxP! 23 PxN QxPch 24 K-N l
Q-K3 the game would have been equal. R-K3 or 22 R-K3 BxR 2 3 BxB NxP 24
PxN QxPch 25 K-Nl R-K3 26 B-B4
13 R-Kl R-N3ch 27 B-N 3 R-R 3 .
14 R-Kl Q-N 3
1 5 8-Q2 ! ? 21 8-84 N·N 5
22 8-N 3 ?
After 1 5 P-B 3 P-KB4 White would
have had an isolated king's pawn. How Here 22 R-N 3 was necessary. After the
ever , the sacrifice is not correct. Black move played Black could have won
could now have played 1 5 . . . RxP 1 6 quickly by 22 . . . Q-R4ch 2 3 K-Nl
RxR QxR 1 7 R-Kl ( 1 7 Q-R 3ch Q-K 3) 1 7 R-K3 ! 24 KR- K l BxPch! 25 BxB Q-R7ch
. . . Q-B4 1 8 R-K8ch K-Q2. I f then White 26 K-B l R-B 3 or 24 R-Q2 BxPch! 25
BxB ( 2 5 R x B R-R 3 2 6 K-B l N-K6ch) 25 After Blackburne had obtained a deci
. . . Q-R7ch 2 6 K-Bl R-B 3 , and White is sive advantage he played the whole time
helpless against the threats of N-K6ch and as if he did not intend to win and
Q-R8ch. repeatedly gave the world champion
22 . . . 8-K4? chances to defend. The latter, however,
2 3 Q-Q3 8x8 had evidently lost the desire to continue
the fight and now makes a mistake that
Again Black could have gone on the
loses out of hand. The correct, and
offensive : 23 . . . Q-R4ch 24 K-N l R-K 3 .
obvious, continuation, 4 3 QxP Q-N7ch
At several stages Blackburne misses the
44 K-N 3 RxRch 45 KxR QxN 46 QxP
strongest continuation , though, unfortu
Q-Q6ch , leads to a queen endgame which
nately for Lasker, without throwing away
Black, with accurate play, should win.
his great advantage.
But it would have been the best position
2 4 Qx8 N-8 3 ! that White had had since his twelfth
move .
Naturally not 24 . RxP?? 25 RxR
QxR 2 6 P-B 3 , etc.
43 Q-K4ch
2 5 Q-R3ch K-N l 44 KxP QxPch
26 P-8 3 N-R4 45 Resigns
A very strong continuation is 26 . . .
R-K4 2 7 P-N4 P-KR4, after which White
Saturday, 3 1 August 1 89 5 , was cer
has nothing better than to give up a
tainly one of the American master Pills
second pawn : 28 R-N l R-R 2 29 P-KN 5 .
bury's lucky days. Both his main rivals
27 R·Q2 R-K4 lost and opened the way for the greatest
28 K-Nl N-8 5 success of his life. To attain this, how
29 Q-R4 N-K3 ever, he required a little luck in the last
30 R·Q5 N·N4 round.
31 Q·N 3 RxR The following position occurred after
32 8PxR P·KR4! his 2 5 th move in his game with Gunsberg.
33 P-N 5 P·R5
34 Q-N4 PxP 2 3. Pillsbury-Gunsberg
35 NxP P-R6
36 R·N2 PxP
37 RxP N-R6ch
38 K·81 Q-8 3 ?
This enables White t o prolong the
game even further. There was a quicker
win to be had by 38 . . . Q-R 3 ! (threaten
ing 39 . . . Q-B8ch) 39 R-QB2 Q-K6 with
the threats of R-R3 and N-B 5 .
3 9 P-K5 ! PxP
If Black were to take with the queen,

White would reply 40 QxP.
Black does not face any particular
40 R-R2 P·K5 ! threat. A possible continuation is 2 5 . . .
41 RxN Q-R8ch N-N l 26 BxBch KxB 2 7 N-B 5 P-K4,
42 K·N2 PxPch though 2 5 . . . NxB 26 NPxN B-B2 27
43 K·N 3 ? ? P-KR 3 P-QR4 is even better. T h e line
Hastings 1 895
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pts Prize
Pillsbury 0 0 1 1 1 0 llz 1h 1 1 1 1 1 1 llz 1 1 1 1 1 61/z
2 Chigorin 0 0 1 llz 0 llz 1h llz 16 11

3 Lasker 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 llz llz llz 1 51/z III
4 Tarrasch 0 0 1 1 Yi 0 Yi 1 0 1 Yi 0 llz 14 IV
5 Steinitz 0 1 0 0 llz 'h 1 Yi 0 0 0 Yi 13 v
6 Schiffers 0 0 0 0 llz llz 0 1 1h llz 0 llz 'h 12 VI

7 Bardeleben 0 0 llz 0 •;, llz Yi 0 0 'h llz llz 0 1 1 1/z VII, VIII
8 Teichmann 0 0 0 llz Yi Yi llz 0 0 llz 1 0 Yi llz l l 'li Vil, VIII
9 Schlechter 0 0 Yi Yi 1 llz llz llz llz 0 llz llz Yi llz llz Yi 0 11 IX
10 Blackburne 1h 0 0 0 0 Yi 0 1 0 llz 0 0 0 1 01/z x

11 Walbrodt 1h 1h 0 0 0 0 1 llz 0 0 llz Yi 'h 0 1h 1h 10 XI
12 Burn 0 0 0 0 llz llz 0 0 0 0 0 llz 0 9 1/i
13 J anowski 0 0 0 0 llz Yi 0 0 'h llz 0 0 Yi 0 91/z
14 Mason 0 0 •;, 0 Yi 0 0 0 1 llz llz 0 Yi 0 0 9'h
15 Bird 0 1h 0 0 0 Yi 0 llz llz Yi Yi llz 0 llz 0 llz llz 9
16 Gunsberg 0 0 0 1h 0 0 0 llz Yi 0 llz 0 0 0 9
17 Albin 0 1h 1h 0 0 •;, llz Yi 0 0 1h 0 0 0 0 Yi 81/z
18 Marco 1h 0 0 0 0 llz 0 0 llz 1 llz 0 0 llz llz 0 llz 81/i
19 Pollock 0 0 0 1 0 0 Yi llz 0 llz 0 llz 0 0 0 0 8
20 Mieses 0 1h 1h llz llz Yi 0 0 llz 0 0 0 0 Yi 0 0 0 7'/z
21 Tinsley 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 llz 0 0 71/z
22 Vergani 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 llz llz 0 0 0 3

chosen b y Gunsberg i s by n o means bad 31 NxN KxN
either. 32 P-K4 PxP
33 P-Q5ch K-Q3
25 . . . 8x8
34 K·K3 P·N5
26 NPx8 N·N l ?
35 KxP P·R5
This, however, loses surprisingly 36 K-Q4 P-R4
quickly. The correct continuation would
have led to a draw : 26 . . . P-QR4! 27 Breaking through with his pawns does
P-B 5 P-N4! 28 P-B6 N·N 3 29 N-B5 PxP not save B lack, e.g.
30 PxP K-Q 3 31 N-N7ch KxP 32 NxPch (i) 3 6 . . . P-B4 37 PxP K-K2 ( 37 . . .
K-B 2 followed by N-B 5 . P-R4 3 8 P-B6 P-N5 39 P-B7 K-K2 40
P-Q6ch) 38 K-B 5 P-N6 39 P-Q6ch K-Ql
2 7 P-85 ! P·N4
40 P-Q7 K-B 2 (40 . . . K-K2 41 P-B6ch)
Otherwise Black loses the QP : 27 . . . 41 PxP PxP 42 P-B6 P-N7 43 P-B7
P-QR4 28 N-B4! ( 28 PxKP P-N4!) or 27 P-N8=Q 44 P-NS=Q, etc.
. . . KPxP 28 PxP PxP ( 2 8 . . . P-N4 29 (ii) 36 . . . P-N6 37 PxP P-R6 38 K-B 3
N-N4) 29 N-B4. P-B4 39 PxP K-K2 40 P-N4 P-R4 41 P-N5
P-R7 42 K-N 2 P-N5 43 P-N6, etc.
28 N·N4 P·QR4
29 P-86 K-Q3
37 PxP P-R6
30 PxP NxP
38 K-84 P-84
Naturally not 30 . P xN 3 1 P-K7 39 P·R6 P-8 5
KxKP 32 P-B 7. 40 P·R7 Resigns
7 International Tournament
in Vienna 1 8 9 8
The Great Chess Marathon
The history of chess tournaments in the whereas Tarrasch was drawn againi;t
nineteenth and the early twentieth cen Chigorin, Alapin and Walbrodt. Moreover,
turies was marked by a series of real Pillsbury had White in two of his games
marathons. The most important of these, and Tarrasch Black in two of his. The
both from the point of view of its length very next round, however, changed the
and the strength of the competitors, was situation somewhat, for although
the Emperor's Anniversary Tournament Tarrasch only drew his game with
in Vienna, which took place at the Chigorin he nevertheless caught up with
Vienna Chess Club fro m 3 1 May to 2 5 his rival, who had one of his worst days in
July. With twenty competitors playing the tournament.
each other twice there were thirty-eight
24. Pillsbury-Burn
rounds plus the four games of the play
off for first place. Apart from Lasker, all
the leading masters of the world were
present, making it virtually a review of
the possible candidates for a world
championship match.
It is interesting to note that after the
first half of the tournament the position
of the first four players was the same as
at the end . After the 19th round the
leading scores were : Pillsbury and
Tarrasch 1 5 , Janowski 1 3 'h, Steinitz 1 2 'h,
White has no real prospects of a
Chigorin 1 2 , Alapin 1 1 'h, Lipke 1 1 , Burn,
king-side attack, so his next move is not
Mar6czy and Schlechter 1 0\.2.
very accurate.
For the rest of the tournament the
two rivals for first place ran neck and 19 R-K 3 ( ? ) N-Q2 !
neck. They either had the same score, or 2 0 BxB QxB
one of them-usually Pillsbury-had a 21 N-N4?
lead of half a point. In the 3 3rd round
One of those automatic moves often
they met for the second time, when
made without much thought and which
Tarrasch, avenging his defeat in the 1 4th
sometimes cause irreparable damage .
round, took the lead, which he lost in the
After the correct 2 1 NxN or 2 1
next round by failing to score against
R(Ql )-Kl the game i s even and Pillsbury
Janowski. At the end of the 3 5th round
would have stood to win an extra 2,000
Pillsbury, with 2 6 \.2 points, was half a
Austrian crowns, for the first prize (apart
point ahead of Tarrasc h and seemed to
from the gold cup) was 6,000 crowns, the
have a very good chance of securing first
second "only" 4,000.
place. Apart from his lead, he had much
easier opponents in the next three 21 P·KR4!
rounds-Bum, Trenchard and Baird, 22 N-K5
I t is probable that Pillsbury only now 7 8·N5 BxN
realized that the attack 22 N-R6ch K-N2 8 Px8 N-K2
23 N-B 5 ch NPxN 24 QxRP is simply
answered by 24 . . . Q-B 3, when the Black This manoeuvre was introduced by
king escapes via KB l . After the text Pillsbury. Today it is considered satis
move, however , White loses a pawn. factory, though without the exchange on
the previous move.
22 NxN
23 RxN RxP 9 8-Q84
24 R(Ql )·Kl R(85)-Q5
This quiet continuation, stem ming
White has not got the slightest com from J an owski, should not cause Black
pensation for his pawn . After a long any real trouble. A much stronger line
struggle (ninety moves) , Burn managed to is 9 N-R4 N-N 3 10 NxN BPxN 1 1
convert his advantage into a win. B(QN5 )-B4ch K-R l 1 2 P-B4 or 1 0 . . .
RPxN 1 1 P-KB4 P-B 3 1 2 B-B4 Q-N 3 ch 1 3
K-R l N-N5 1 4 Q-K l and if 1 4 . . . N-K6
Both Tarrasch and Pillsbury won their
then 1 5 P-B 5 ! NxR 1 6 P-B 6 ! winning.
remaining games, so that the chess mara
thon had to be continu ed. According to 9 . . . 8-K3?
the rules, the first prize could not be
shared, so a play-off consisting of four This is a severe weakening of Black's
games had to take place. It began after a king-side pawns. In 1909 Lasker, in his
break of one day on 27 J uly and ended match with J anowski, played 9 . . . N-N 3 !
on 30 July. Tarrasch won the first game, 1 0 N-R4 N-B 5 ! 1 1 BxN(B4) PxB 1 2 N-B 3
Pillsbury the second. Thus, after nearly B-N 5 with a very good game.
three months' play, no decision had been
reached. The third game was played on 10 8xN ! Px8
29 July. 11 8x8 Px8
12 N·R4 N-N 3
13 NxN PxN
Four Knights Game
It was Tarrasch who discovered that
Tarrasch Pillsbury this position is not even . Here we have a
1 P·K4 P·K4 good example of how exposed the castled
2 N·K8 3 N·Q8 3 king is when the p awns in front of it have
3 8-N5 N-83 left their original squares. In a strategic-
4 N·83 2 5 . Tarrasch-Pillsbury
Transposing into the Four Knights

Game. In the first game Tarrasch had
played 4 P-Q3 B-B4 5 B-K 3 and in the
Brd round the classical 4 0-0 NxP 5
R-K l . Both players had mutual respect
for each other's theoretical ability and
each tried to upset his opponent right
from the opening.
4 8-N 5
5 0-0 0-0
6 P-Q3 P-Q 3 Position after Black's 14th move
Vienna 1 898
1 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Pts Prize
1 Tarrasch 0 1 0 1 Y.z 1 Y.z 1 Y.z Y.z 1 Y.z Y.z l/zl •;, 1 Y.z •;, 1 1 1 1 1 1 Y.z 1 1 Y.z 1 1 1 1 1 Y.i 271/z I, I I
2 Pillsbury 1 0 1 0 Y.z l l Y.z 0 1 Y.z O l Y.z 0 1 Y.z l 1 1 1 1 Y.z Y.z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 271/z I, II
3 Janowski 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1/z 1 1 1 1/z 0 0 Y.z Y.z 1 1 Y.z O 1 1 Y.z 1 1 1 o O Y.z 1 1 1 1 1 2 S Y.z Ill
4 Steinitz 0 1/z Y.z O 0 0 Y.z l 1 0 Y.z Y.z 1 1 l 'h 1/z l Y.z Y.z 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1/z 1 Y.z 1 1 1 1 2 3Y.z IV
S Schlechter 0 Y.z 0 Y.z 0 •;, Y.z O Y.z Y.z 1 1 Y.i Y.z •;, Y.i Y.z 1 0 •;, 1 Y.z Y.z 1 1 Y.z 1 1 0 •;, Y.z 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 '/z v
6 Chigorin 0 1;, 1 0 o o 0 1 v.. v.. 1 0 0 1 1 1;, 1 1;, •;, o 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 20 VI, VII
7 Burn Y.z O Y.z l O Y.z Y.z 'h 0 0 0 1 l Y.z O Y.z •;, Y.z 'h 'h Y.z O Y.z O 1 0 1 1 1 Y.z 1 1 1 1 20 VI, V I I
8 Lipke 1/z Y.z O Y.z 1 1 0 0 Y.z Y.z 1 0 0 1/z Y.z Y.z Y.z Y.z 1/z 0 1 Y.z 1 1 1 l/z 0 Y.z Y.z 1 1/z Y.z 1 1 Y.z Y.z 1 9 Y.z V I I I , IX
9 Maroczy Y.z 0 1 0 •;, Y.z 0 Y.z 1/z Y.z 0 Y.z 1 'h Y.z Y.z - •;, •;, 1 •;, 1 1 Y.z 1/z 0 1 0 1/z 0 1 1 Y.z Y.z 1/z 1 1 1 9 1/z VI I I , I X
10 Alapin •;, 0 Y.z 0 0 0 Y.z 0 Y.z 0 0 Y.z •;, Y.z •;, llz Y.z •;, - llz 1 1 Y.z 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 Y.z 1 1 0 1 1 18
1 1 Blackburne Y.z Y.z 0 0 Y.z 1 Y.z 1/z 1 Y.z Y.z 1 Y.z Y.z 1/z 1 0 1/z 1/z 0 v.. v.. •;, o o v.. •;, o •;, v.. o o 1 1 •;, 1 17
1 2 Schiffers 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 O Y.z 0 1 Y.z l 0 1/z 0 0 0 1/z llz Y.z 0 1 l Y.z 1 1 1/z l Y.z l 1 1 1/z l 17
1 3 Marco 0 0 0 1/z O Y.z 0 0 Y.z O 1 0 Y.z l 0 0 Y.z 1/z 0 0 Y.z l 1 0 1 1 Y.z 1 1 Y.z •;, 1 Y.z 1 1 0 1 6Y.z
14 Showalter O 0 Y.z O 0 O O O 0 •;, 0 O 0 0 0 Y.z 1 0 1 1 1 •;, 0 Y.z 0 0 llz 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 15
1 5 Walbrodt v.. o o o o o 1 0 o o 0 1 1 0 1 v.. 1 1;, 0 1 •;, 1 o o •;, o •;, o 0 0 •;, 0 1 1 1 4Y.z
16 Halprin o •;, 0 0 1 1 O Y.z 1 1/z 0 0 0 0 Y.z O 1 0 0 0 'h 'h Y.z O O Y.z 0 0 1 1 Y.z •;, 1 'h Y.z 1 14
17 Caro 0 0 0 0 Y.z O O Y.z 1/z O 0 1 0 1/z Y.z llz O Y.z Y.z O 1 1 Y.z O Y.z O 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 1 1 Y.z 1 1 2Y.z
1 8 Baird 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 0 1 0 0 0 0 Y.z O 1 0 1/z l 0 1/z 0 0 Y.z 1 8
19 Trenchard 0 1/z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •;, 1/z 0 0 0 0 Y.z 0 Y.z 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 •;, 0 Y.z 0 Y.z 0 - S
Play-off for the first prize: Tarrasch 1 0 1 •;, - Pillsbury 0 1 0 •;,

ally similar position Tarr a sch also de Capturing the pawn would lead to
feated Janowski at Ostend in 1907. mate : 21 . . . KxP ? ? 22 R-KN4ch K-R2
2 3 Q-K4ch, etc.
1 4 P-K84 K-N 2?
22 QxR P-84
This only helps White's attack. A 23 R-N l Rx NP
better move is 14 . . . P-KB4, though after 24 R-K81 Q-K2
1 5 Q-K2 Q-Q2 1 6 K-R l White has a 25 P-84 P-K5 ! ?
positional advantage.
This attempt to gain counter-play does
1 5 P-8 5 ! KPxP not save Black. But, in the situation he is
1 6 PxP R-Rl in , there is no great difference between
being one pawn down or two.
The advance 1 6 . . . P-KN4 is not good
on account of 1 7 P-KR4 ! , for 17 . . . PxP 26 QxKP QxQ
can be answered by 1 8 Q-N4ch. The line 27 PxQ R-N 5
16 . . . PxP 1 7 RxP Q-K l 18 Q-B 3 P-B3 28 R-Kl K-8 3
1 9 R-KB l gives White a strong attack . 29 P-N 3 K-K4
30 P-B 3 R-N2
17 PxP R-R 3 31 K-N 2 R-QN 2
1 8 R·Nl P-N 3 32 P-QR4 P-R 3
1 9 R·N4! 33 P-R4 P-N4
34 RPxP PxP
Black intends to capture the pawn on 35 PxP RxP
KN3 with his rook, which can then be 36 K-R3 P-85
used to defend the king. Tarrasch there 37 K-N4 R-N7
fore prepares to exchange off the rook, 38 P-R5 R-Q87
e.g. 19 . . . RxNP 20 Q-B 3 ! R-N l (pre 39 R-KRl R-QR7
paring Q-Q2 or Q-K2. The alternative 20 40 P-R6 R·Rl
. . . Q-K l can be answered by 21 R-KR4) 41 P-R7 R·KRl
21 R-KN4, etc. 42 K-N5 KxP
Black's best defence is 19 . . . Q-K2 ! , 43 K-N6 K-Q6
and if 20 R-KN4 then 20 . . . QR-KR l , 44 K-N7 RxPch
after which he has drawing chances. His 45 KxR KxP
mistake on the next move leads to a 46 R-Ql Resigns
definite loss of the game and of the three
The last game did nothing to alter the
months' struggle for first place.
final result. Pillsbury played the Queen's
Gambit, against which Tarrasch, again out
19 . . . Q-Q2 ?
of respect for his o pponent's theoretical
Black apparently only considers the preparations, chose a defence that for
continuation 20 Q-B 3 ? RxNP. The attack him was quite unusual: 1 P-Q4 P-Q4 2
on his KBP, however, can be carried out P-QB4 P-K3 3 N-QB 3 P-QN 3 . In trying to
by energetic means. force the pace, Pillsbury lost two pawns,
but in the double rook endgame Tarrasch
20 R(81 )xP! KxR remained content with a draw in view of
21 Q·8 3ch K-N2 the state of the match.
8 Barmen 1 9 0 5
Six Endings Decide
The international Barmen Congress, and Schlech ter 8 Vi . It is a remarkable fact

1905, brought together a greater number that the final placings of the first fo ur all
of masters and strong amateurs than any depended on intricate endings. Here
other event of that time. In addition to Mar6czy was the most successful, and as a
the tournament to which the leading result managed to share first place, the
internatio nal masters had been invited, final scores being Janowski and Mar6czy
there was a masters' B Tournament. l OVi, Marshall 1 0, Schlechter 9.
There were also eight other main and White is a pawn up and Black's queen
subsidiary to urnaments, in one of which, side pawns are isolated. The win, how
Main Tournament A, two players who ever, is not easy, for the active position of
were soon to become top rankers, Rubin the Black queen means that White may
stein and Duras, were fighting to gain the have problems in safeguarding his king.
master's title. These two tied for first The continuation 46 Q-Q8ch K-N2 47
place, and the play-off also ended in a tie. Q-Q2 P-QB4 followed by P-B5 allows
In the international tournament there Black to get rid of one of his weaknesses.
were two notable absentees, Lasker and Leonhardt finds the most promising line.
Tarrasch, who three years later were to
play a match for the world championship 46 P-K6! PxP
title . But, apart from these two, the
tournament was exceptionally strong. The pawn ending after 46 . . . QxKP
Among the participants there were four 4 7 QxQ PxQ is lost for Black in view of
masters who had either played, or were his three pawn weaknesses. An important
later to play, a world championship title factor here is that White has the tempo
match: Chigorin, Janowski, Marshall and move P-KN3 in reserve, e.g. 48 K-N 3
Schlechter. K-B 2 49 K-B3 K-B 3 5 0 K-K4 P-R4 5 1
At the end of the thirteenth round , P-R 3 P-B 3 ( 5 1 . . . P-B4 5 2 P-R4 K-B2 5 3
with two rounds to go , the leading scores K-K 5 K-K2 5 4 P-N 3 ) 5 2 P-QN4! P-R5 ( 5 2
were Janowski 9Vi, Marshall 9, Mar6czy . . . PxP 5 3 PxP K-B2 5 4 K-K5 K-K 2 5 5
26. Leonhardt-Schlechter P-N 3 ) 5 3 K-Q4 K-B4 5 4 K-B5 KxP 5 5
KxP P-K4 5 6 P-N 5 , and White queens
• with check. Or 50 . . . P-B4 5 1 P-R 3 P-R 3
�
¥'� " -- ••
·t� •!iW'&
� ( 5 1 . . . P-R4 5 2 P-R4) 5 2 P-QN4 PxP ( 5 2
·
-
• · � �
-
• i� i � . . . P-B5 5 3 P-R4 P-B6 5 4 K-Q3 K-B4 5 5
•
• · • p
- g •
�t
P-N5 ) 5 3 PxP K- K2 5 4 K-K5 K-Q2 5 5
K-B6 K-B3 5 6 KxKP K-N4 5 7 P-B5 PxP
m
•
• m •
m
• itP
u 58 KxP KxP 59 P-N4 winning .
• .ft . • •
�-
..!..!. �
� � �
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..!..!. � 47 Q-Q8ch K-82
-
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.
48
49
QxPch
Q-Q8ch
K-8 3
K-82
Position after Black' s 45th move 50 Q-Q2 K-K 2!
34 Pacbman 's Decisive Gam es
Black needs to get rid of t h e weak KP. play. The continuation 43 B-Q6 BxB 44
After 5 0 . . . K-B 3 5 1 K-N 3 there is no PxB K·Q2 4 5 R-N8 N-K 3 46 N-B5ch KxP
suitable continuation, e.g. 51 . . . P-K4? is inadequate, because Black retains his
52 Q-Q6ch or 5 1 . . . Q-B4 52 Q-Q4ch or extra pawn.
5 1 . . . K-B4 5 2 Q-R 5 ch (or 5 2 P-R4).
43 N-N4! RxQP
51 P-QN4 P-K4 44 NxBP R-QSch
52 P-N 3 ? 45 K·N2 BxP
46 R·N 7 !
With this move White weakens his
pawns and throws away all his winning With his last few moves White has
chances. He should have played 5 2 achieved counter-play. If now 46 . . .
K-N 3 ! , e.g. 5 2 . . . PxPch 5 3 QxP or 5 2 R-Q7, then 47 B -N6 ! , when 47 . . . RxPch
. . . Q-B4 5 3 PxP Q-N5 ch ( 5 3 . . . QxPch fails to 48 K-N 3 , winning (e.g. 48 . . .
54 Q-B4) 54 K-R 2 QxPch 5 5 K-N l Q-N 6 BxB ? 49 R-K7 mate or 48 . . . N-Q2 49
5 6 Q-Q6ch, etc. BxB NxB 5 0 R-K7ch) . And if 46
K-Q2, the reply 47 N-Q8 ! is very un
52 PxP
pleasant.
53 PxP P-R3
54 P-R4 Q-B 5 46 N-Q2
55 Q-K3ch K-Q2 47 B·N 3 P-Q5
56 Q-R7ch K-Ql 48 K-B3 R-K8
5 7 Q-N8ch K-Q2 49 R-B 7 ! P-Q6?
5 8 Q-N 7ch K-Ql This over-hasty pawn advance should
59 Q-N6 ch K-Q2 have cost Black half a point. There was a
Drawn win to be had by 49 . . . B-N 3 ! , e .g. 5 0
R-B8ch K-B2 5 1 N-N4 N-K4ch 5 2 BxN
27. Janowski-Berger PxB 53 R-B6 P-K 5 ch 54 K-N2 P-Q6! etc.
50 R-B8ch K-B2
51 R-Q8?
B ut now it is Janowski who makes a

mistake, and one, moreover , which means
that he will only share first place instead
of being its sole occupier. T here was a
draw to be had by 5 1 R-B7 K-K 3 5 2
N-Q8ch K-K2 5 3 N-B6ch K-Kl 54
R-B8ch with repetition of moves.
Position after White's 42nd move
51 . . . N-K4ch
For a long time Janowski had tried to 5 2 BxN PxB
force a win, but after the endgame stage
Janowski has originally overlooked the
was reached, B lack managed to activate
fact that the QP cannot be taken because
his rook and exploit the weakness of the
of an elementary pawn fork-a further
enemy QP.
example of chess hallucination.
42 . . . N-B l !
53 K·N 3 P-K 5
Threatening 4 3 . . . N-K3 , after which 54 N-K 5 ch K-B 3
White has no way of saving his QP . It is 55 NxP PxN
therefore essential to look for counter- 56 RxP K-K3
Barmen 1 905 35
57 R-K8 3 R-K5 I n addition to his other advantages

58 R-Q83 K-Q4 Black now takes control of the open QB
59 R-82 8-Q3ch file. Although Marshall defends accur
60 K-N 2 R-Q85 ately he cannot avert defeat.
61 R-R2 R-K 8 5 27 N-Kl N-Q7
62 R-R6 R-8 3 2 8 P-8 3 N-8 5
63 R-R2 8-84 29 P-N 3
64 K-N 3 8-Q5
65 K-N2 The only way of staving off immediate
K-K5
66 K-N 3 R-86ch defeat. The alternatives 29 R-Nl NxB 3 0
RxN R-B 8 3 1 K-B2 RxN! and 29 B-B l
67 K-N2 R-QN6
N-K7ch 3 0 K-B 2 NxQP lose quickly.
68 R-K2ch K-Q6
69 R-K8 R-N 3 29 N-K 3
70 R-Q8 R-K83 30 8-83 N-N 3
71 K-N3 R-8 5 31 8-N2 R-8 5
72 R-Q6 K-K7 32 R-Ql N-8 2 !
73 R-K6ch K-88 33 K-82 N(82)-Q4
74 P-83 8-87ch 34 P-84 K-82
75 K-R2 Rx8P 35 R-Q2 N-R5
76 RxP 8-N8ch 36 N-N2 P-QR3
77 K-Rl R-87 3 7 N-K3 NxN
78 Resigns
This wins just as safely as 37 . . . NxB
38 RxN RxP 39 NxN RxN 40 R-B2
28. Marshall-Chigorin R-Q6.
38 KxN Nx8
39 RxN K-K3
40 R-N 3 K-Q4
41 R-Q3 P-84
42 P-R 3 P-KR4
White is now in zugzwang.
43 K-K2 RxP
44 R-Q83 R-K5ch
45 K-Q2 P-R5
46 R-87 PxP
47 RxP RxP
B lack IS undoubtedly in the better 48 RxP K-K4
position. He has a superiority on the 49 K-K2 R-Q85
queen's wing, and White's bishop on QN2 50 R-N6 R-QR5
is a passive piece in view of the potential 51 R-N 3 P-8 5
blockade of the QP. The accurate way in 52 R-QN 3 R-85
which Black makes use of his advantage 53 K-Ql K-K5
reminds one of Capablanca's later per- 54 P-KR4 P-86
formances. 55 K-Kl K-8 5
56 P-R5 R-88ch
24 P-QN4 57 K-82 R-87ch
2 5 N-K5 P-83 58 K-Kl K-N6
26 N-8 3 R-Q81 ! 59 P-R6 R-K7ch
36 Pacbman 's Decisive Games
60 K-Ql R-KR7 knight, an u nnecessary course, for B lack
61 P-R4 P-N 5 could not in any case have utilized his
62 P-R7 RxP pawn majority. Nevertheless there is still
63 RxNP R-R 8ch a draw to be had if White places his KBP
64 K-Q2 P-87 and KNP on black squares to prevent
65 R-N8 P-88=Q them being blocked, e.g. 38 K-B l B-B l
66 Resigns 39 P-N 3 ! P-KB4 40 P-B4 draw.
29. Mieses-Mar6czy 38 N-R6? P-R4?

Black does no t make full use of his
chances either. He should have played 38
. . . B-B l ! 3 9 N-N4 P-KB 4 followed by
P-B 5 .
39 K-81 B-K 3 ?
40 K-Q2? P-KB4
41 K-K3
It is now too late for P-N 3 , e.g. 41

P-N 3 P-B 5 !
Position after Black's 2 5th move 41 B-8 1

42 N-N4 P-8 5ch
Although Black is not at the moment 43 K-K4?
threatening to win the QRP- 26 . . . RxP?
27 BxN loses a piece and 26 . . . NxP? is After this "active" move White gets
answered by 27 N-Q3 , after which Black unexpectedly caught in a mating net and
must return the pawn to prevent the loss has to sacrifice a second pawn to extri
of his pinned knight, e.g. 27 . . . P-N5 ! 28 cate himself. However, even after the
NxP R-R2 29 N-B2 N-N4-the simplest stronger 43 K-K2 or K-B2 Black also
way for White to draw is 26 P-QR 4! wins. First he plays 43 . . . P-B4 44 PxPch
KxP, then he places his bishop on QN 2
2 6 N-Q3 ? RxP! and advances with his king ( K-N 3-
B u t after White's mistake the pawn R4-R 5 ) . If White counters by transferring
can be taken, for 27 BxN can now be his king to Q2, Black breaks through on
answered by 27 . . . RxP. The game, the king-side with P-KN 5 . It is obvious
however, is not necessarily lost. that such a plan would not be possible if
White's pawns were on black squares.
27 RxR NxR
28 8-R2 8-Q2 43 . . . P-R5 !
29 K-82 P-8 3 Not 43 . . . B-Q2 at once because of 44
30 K-K3 K-K2 P-N 3. After the text-move the game is
31 K-Q2 K-Q3 virtually over.
32 K-81 8-84
33 N-N4 8-81 44 P-R3 8-K3
34 N-Q3 8-84 45 N-R6 B-Q2
35 N-N4 P-N4 46 N-N4 8-8 1
36 K-N 2 N-85ch 47 N-R2 K-K 3
37 8xN QPx8 48 P-Q5ch
The long trek by the White king was Or 48 N-N4 B-N2 49 P-Q5ch PxPch 50
for the purpose of exchanging off Black's K-Q4 K-Q3 51 N-B 2 B-B l .
Barmen 1905 37
48 PxP 34 Q-Q5 QxQ
49 K-Q4 K-Q3 3 5 R(Ql)xQ QR-Rl !
5 0 N-N4 B-K 3
Both 3 5 . . . P-B7 3 6 R-QB7 and 3 5
51 N-B2 B-B4
. . . R-B l ? 3 6 R-QS R(R7)-Rl 3 7 P-K7
52 N-N4 B-Q6
are weak.
53 NxP B-BS
54 N-B6 BxP 36 R-Ql ?
55 N-K4ch K-K3
Schlechter's first move in this endgame
56 K-B5 K-B4
is a mistake that leads to a Joss. After the
57 N-Q6ch K-N 3
correct 3 6 B-Q6 ! Black would have had
58 NxNP Bx RP
to be content with a draw ( 3 6 . . BxB 3 7
.
59 K-Q4 B-N7
R(Q5)xB R(Rl )-Bl 3 8 R-N6! P-B7 3 9
60 Resigns
R(N6)-N7), for the attempt to force a
30. Schlechter-Janowski win loses, e.g. 3 6 . . . R ( R l )-B l ? 3 7 BxB
P-B7 38 RxPch K-R l 39 R(Q5 )-Q7 P
BS=Q 40 RxPch K-N l 41 B-R 6! or 3 7 . . .
KxB 3 8 R-KBSch K-N l 39 R(Ql )-Q7
P-B 7 40 RxPch, etc.
36 . . . P-N 3 !
This undermines the foundation of

White's position -the KBP . If now 3 7
PxP, then both 37 . . . PxP and 3 7 . . .
RxP 38 PxPch K-R l give Black the
advantage .
37 B-B4 PxP
At first sight it looks as if Black has 38 R-K l R-K2
quite an advantage in view of his poten 39 R-Q3 R(Rl )-Kl
tial passed pawn on the queen's wing and 40 R-N 3 ch R-KN2!
his opponent's apparently immobile cen 41 R-Q3 P-R4
tral pawns. But matters are not so simple. 42 B-Q6 BxBch
43 RxB R-QN2
29 P-K6 ! P-B 3
44 R-Q5 ? R-N 3 !
B lack cannot reply 29 . . . PxKP be 45 P-K7 K-B2
cause of 30 P-B 6 ! K-R l 3 1 B-K 5 ! 46 RxP RxP
47 R(Kl )-KBl K-N 3
3 0 P-N 3 ? 48 R(B5)-B4 R-K7
49 Resigns
With his previous move White obtained
a strong protected passed pawn. There is
In spite of all his efforts in the
no reason to allow his opponent to do the
previous 81 moves, Mar6czy had not been
same. He should therefore have continued
able to achieve more than the position in
with 30 PxP and if 30 . . . QxBP then 3 1
the diagram. He had tried everything
Q-K4 with the better game.
apart from a piece sacrifice on K6, which
30 R-Rl is his only chance. If Black had now
3 1 P-R 3 R-R4 reacted correctly and played 8 1 . . . N-B 7 ,
3 2 K-R2 Q-R l ! then neither the bishop nor the knight
3 3 Q-Q3 R-R7 sacrifice would have led to anything, e.g.
3 1 . Maro czy-Go ttsc hall 85 N-84 K·B2
The QP cannot be saved , e.g. 85 . . .

B-N6 86 P-K6 winning.
86 NxP N-84
After 86 . . NxN 87 KxN there is a

.
theoretically won position of three pawns

against a bishop similar to that occurring
later.
Position after White's 8 lst move

87 N-83 B-N6
82 BxP PxB 83 NxKPch K-8 2 84 N-8 7 88 N·K4! B-R7
8-8 3 85 K-85 B-N 2 86 K-N6 ! (86 NxP 89 N-Q6ch NxN
N-K5ch ! ) 86 . . . 8-81 87 NxP N-K5 , 90 KxN B-N6
draw, or 82 NxKPch PxN 83 BxP 8-8 2 , 91 P-Q5 8-85
draw. 92 K-86 B-N6
93 P-Q6 K-K3
81 . . . N-K6?
94 P-Q7 ! B-R5ch
This gives White an opportunity to 95 K-87 BxP
prepare the sacrifice, after which there is 96 P-87 Resigns
no way of saving the game.
Mar6czy thus managed to gain two full
82 K-85 ! B-R5
points from two drawn endings, which
83 BxP! PxB
helped him to his great success. The final
84 NxKPch K-N l
result was : Janowski and Mar6czy 1 0\1.z,
or 84 . . . K-8 2 8 5 N-N5ch K-N 3 86 P-87 Marshall 10, Bernstein and Schlechter 9,
K-N 2 87 P-K6 winning. etc.
Barmen 1 905
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 Pts Prize
1 Jan owski 'h 1 0 1 0 1 1 'h 1 1 1 1 1 0 'h lO'h I, I I
2 Marocz y 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 0 1 'h 1 1 1 'h 'h 1 1 lO'h I, II
3 Marshall 0 'h -
1 1 0 1 1 0 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 10 III
4 Bernstein 1 'h 0 0 'h 1 0 1 'h 1 0 1 1 'h 1 9 IV, V
5 Schlechter 0 0 0 1 0 1 'h 1 'h 1 1 1 'h 'h 9 IV, V
6 Berger 1 'h 1 'h 1 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'h 8 VI
7 John 0 1 0 0 0 'h -
0 'h 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 7 VII
8 Leonhardt 0 0 0 1 'h 1 1 0 'h 0 'h 1 0 1 'h 7 VII
9 Chigorin 'h 'h 1 0 0 0 'h 1 0 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1 7 VII
10 Wolf 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 7 VII
1 1 Bardeleben 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 1 1 'h 1 'h 1 1 0 6'h
1 2 Siichting 0 0 'h 1 0 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 0 6 'h
1 3 Alapin 0 'h 'h 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 6
14 Burn 0 'h 0 0 'h 1 1 'h 0 0 0 'h 1 0 6
1 5 Gottschall 1 0 0 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 0 1 5
16 Mieses 'h 0 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 1 1 0 1 0 5
9 Match Tournament
Ostend 1 9 0 7
First against Last
Normal tournaments are not always an dramatic game which had a vital bearing
accurate measure of the strength of the on the final result.
participants. As a rule there is quite a For nearly the whole of this four
difference between the players at the top round match tournament, the lead had
and the bottom, so that a chance result in been held by Dr Tarrasch, who, inciden
a game between a strong player and a tally , was to play a world championship
considerably weaker one can affect the match with Dr Lasker one year later. Two
order at the top of the table. Those who rounds before the end the position was as
can consistently win against outsiders are follows: Tarrasch l l 1h, Janowski 1 1 ,
at an advantage compared with those who Schlechter 1 01h , Marshall 9 1h , Burn 7,
play best against strong opponents. In Chigorin 4'h . A dramatic finish was o n
addition, the draw is of considerable the cards . As Tarrasch had Black against
importance. It is by no means immaterial Schlechter in the last round-a very diffi
whether one has White or Black against cult task-he needed to win his game in
one's main rivals. the previous round to be sure of first
For these reasons there have occasion place. Here he was to play Chigorin, while
ally been tournaments with a small Janowski and Schlechter were drawn
number of evenly matched players where against each other. In his previous games
each played the others several times. with Chigorin in the tournament,
Some of these tournaments of the elite Tarrasch had lost one, drawn one (after
have been a virtual prelude to a world reaching a theoretically won game) and
championship title match , for, in the won one. So his task here was by no
opinion of the public, the winner had a means easy.
greater moral right to such a match than
the winner of a normal international Queen's Pawn Opening
tournament.
Tarra sch Chigorin
One of these forerunners of the candi
dates' tournaments took place from May 1 P-Q4 P-Q4
to June 1 90 7 at the Belgian seaside resort 2 N-K B 3 P-QB3
of Ostend. The world's six strongest This move has the slight disadvantage
players were invited : Lasker, Tarrasch, that White can, if he chooses, continue
Janowski, Marshall, Schlechter and with 3 B-B4, after which Black will
Mar6cz y. Two of these, Lasker and sooner or later have to play P-QB4,
Mar6cz y, declined th e invitation and were involving a loss of a tempo.
replaced by masters of the older genera White can, of course, opt for 3 P-B4,
tion, Chigorin and Burn. The competition going into the n ormal position of the Slav
was too strong for these two , however, Defence. Tarrasch chooses another
and they finished in the last two places. course, a completely innocuous line
Nevertheless, one of them, Chigorin, who which permits the active development of
was at the bottom, was involved in a Black's queen's bishop.
40 · Pacbman 's Decisive Games
3 P-K3 ( ? ) B-N 5 B-K3 Q-N 5 20 P-QR 3 , when B lack loses a
4 P-B4 P-K 3 piece. After the text-move, on the other
5 N-B 3 N-Q2 hand, Black has nothing to fear. If, for
6 B-Q3 KN-B3 example, 1 8 Q-Q3 , then 18 . . . N-K4 1 9
7 0-0 B-Q3 QxB QxB.
8 PxP 1 8 Q-K2 N-B 3 !
This exchange leads to an isolated QP. 19 B-K3 Q-K4
On the other hand, the immediate 8 P-K4 20 Q-Q3
gives Black an excellent game after 8 . . . White could have won back the pawn
PxBP 9 BxBP P-K4. but only at the cost of a positional
disadvantage : 20 BxBP B-B4 21 B-Q3
8 KPxP
BxB 22 PxB QR-Kl.
9 P-K4 PxP
10 NxP NxN 20 N-Q4
11 BxN 0-0 21 B-Q4 Q-K2
12 Q-B2(?)
After the game Tarrasch called this a

pawn sacrifice. But it is more likely that
it was an oversight. White gets no
adequate compensation for the pawn.
12 . . . P-KB4?
In the tournament book Tarrasch

wrote: "The immediate BxN followed by
Q-R 5 would not be good because White
can play P-KR 3 and, if QxQP, then R-Ql
followed by Q-Q3 , winning a piece, even
if Black should play Q-K4 and check on The first phase has ended with a clear
KR 7." Such an imprecise note on the success for Black. His opponent's two
part of a well-known theoretician is quite bishops are inadequate compensation for
a surprise. Let us look at it a little closer. the pawn. It is true that White's bishop on
First 1 2 . . . BxN 1 3 BxB Q-R5 14 P-KR 3 the long diagonal is very active; on the
QxQP! 1 5 R-Ql Q-K4 1 6 Q-Q3 Q-R 7ch other hand, Black's knight is also power
17 K-B l KR-Kl ! Now Black is threaten fully placed.
ing mate and after the forced 1 8 B-K3
can cover his piece with 18 . . . R-K 3 ( 1 9 22 R-K l Q-N4
B-N4 N-K4). The overall verdict must 23 P-QR 3 QR-Ql
therefore be that the immediate exchange 24 K-Rl Q-R 3
(i.e. 1 2 . . . BxN) would have won Black a
Threatening 2 5 . P-B 5 2 6 P-KN4?
pawn without weakening his pawns. P-B6. White cannot forestall this by 2 5
13 Q-N 3 ch K-Rl P-B4? because o f 2 5 . . . NxP 2 6 PxN
14 B-B2 BxN BxBP 27 R-K2 P-B4.
15 QxB Q-R5 2 5 Q-KB 3 Q-Q7
16 P-KN 3 QxQP
Now 2 5 . . . P-B 5 would no longer
17 R-Ql Q-B4
have been good because both White's
1 7 . . . N-K4? would have been a bad bishops would become very active after
mistake on account of 1 8 Q-K2 Q-B4 1 9 26 P-KN4.
Match Tournament Ostend 1 90 7 41
26 Q-Ql Q-N4? then tries 37 . . . Q-R4 there follows 38
Chigorin obviously overrates his po B-N 3 R(B2)-Q2 39 QxPch KxQ 40 R-R 3
sition. After an exchange of queens White mate .
would have had to fight for a draw , which 3 3. Tarrasch-Chigorin
he should have attained in view of his two
bishops. But he could not have hoped for
more.
27 P-84! NxP?
Although Black gets three pawns for
the piece, the sacrifice is nevertheless
wrong, for White 's pieces soon become
very active. Black should have played 2 7
. . . Q-N 3 , though i t must b e admitted
that his previous queen manoeuvre has, in
view of the loss of tempo, already de 37 B-N 3 ! QxQ
prived him of the advantage he had. 38 RxQ P-KN3
39 RxQNP R-QN I
28 B-K3
40 RxR RxR
Not 28 PxN QxP 29 B-K.N l B-N 5 30 41 R-N 3 !
Q-K2 BxR 3 1 RxB QR-Kl ! 32 Q-B2
QxQ, and Black wins. 41 B-B4 would b e wrong because then
Black could force an exchange of rooks
28 Q-8 3 and secure a draw. With the rooks on the
29 PxN Bx BP board, on the other hand, White un
30 Q-8 3 BxB doubtedly has the upper hand, mainly
31 QxB QxP because of Black's broken pawns (QR3
32 QR-B l P-QR3 ? and QB 3 ) .
This pawn i s not important; Black has 41 P-84

more to fear from the threat Q-K7. The 42 R-Q3 P-QR4
correct defence is 32 . . . P-KN 3 ! 3 3 Q-K7 43 K-N2 K-N2
Q-N2, after which Black has almost 44 K-83 K-B 3
equalized. 45 P-KR4 R-N 3
46 8-B2 K-K4
33 Q-K7 !
47 B-N3 K-8 3
Now White has two strong threats: 34 48 B-B4 P-R3
QR-QI and 3 4 BxP. 49 K-K3 P-N4
50 P-R5 ! R-83
33 . . . Q-86 51 R-Q7 R-N 3
34 R-K3 52 R-KR7
Preventing 34 . . . Q-KB 6ch. There is a quicker win by 5 2 R-QB7,
which leaves Black with out counter-play.
34 . . . Q-B5
3 5 R-KN l Q-Q4ch 52 K-K4
36 R-N2 Q-82 53 R-K7ch K-Q 3
36 . . . R-B2 would not save the game, 54 R-K6ch K-82
for after 37 Q-R4 White has two strong 55 R-K5 P-8 5 ch
threats, 38 R-Q3 and 38 B-N 3. If Black 56 K-K4 R-QB 3
5 7 R-K7ch K-Ql ? 60 8-Q5 P-86
58 R-KN7 R-Q3 61 K-Q6 K-8 1
59 K-K 5 R-Q5 62 R-NS mate
Ostend 1 907
2 3 4 5 6 Pts Prize
1 Tarrasch 1h 1h 1h 1 1h 1 1 1h 1 1h 1 2 1h I
1 0 1h 1h 1h 1 1 0 0 1
2 Schlechter 1h 1h 1h 0 1 1 1h 1 1h 1h 12 II
0 1 1 0 1h 1h 'h 1h 1 1
3 Marshall 1h 0 1;., 1 0 1 0 1h 1h 1h 1 1 1h III
'h 1h 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
4 Janowski 1h 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 I 1 1 1h III
1h 0 1h 1h 1 0 1 y, 1
5 Burn 0 'h 1h 0 1 1h 0 0 1h 1 8
0 1 1h 1h 0 0 0 0 1 1
6 Chigorin 0 1h 1h 1h 1h 'h 0 0 'h 0 41h
1 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0
IO St Petersburg 1 909
A Reputation Saved in the Last Round
The years in which Dr E. Lasker held the going down in many books of instruction
world championship title proved to be as a brilliant example of active defence.
rather barren as regards world title Prior to the last round the leading
matches. Steinitz had in his time sought scores were Rubinstein 1 4, Lasker 1 3 �.
out those opponents he considered to be Spielmann 1 1 , Duras and Teichmann 1 0 .
most dangerous. Lasker, on the other The superiority o f the top two was clear;
hand, avoided matches with players of his so too was the importance of the final
own strength. He only agreed to a match result, for if Rubinstein, after his victory
with Tarrasch when the German grand over Lasker in their individual game, were
master was already past his peak, and also to come out ahead of him in the
Marshall and Janowski were not really in tournament, then a world title match
the same class. would be inevitable.
In the first decade of the present Lasker had White in the last round
century, a dangerous rival appeared on against Teichmann, one of the leaders and
the scene, the Polish player Akiba Rubin a player, moreover, who was well known
stein. The latter was noted for his for his ability to put up stubborn defence
wonderful knowledge of the mysteries of in inferior positions. Rubinstein had
the positional game; he was, moreover, an Black, though against a much weaker
endgame virtuoso who had the ability to opponent, the twenty-two year old
utilize minute advantages to secure a win. Tartakower. The latter only reached the
In that respect he was unrivalled until the ranks of the chess elite after the war and
appearance of J . R. Capablanca. in the St Petersburg tournament ended up
For years Lasker had managed to in the bottom half of the table.
avoid a title match with Rubinstein, It looked very much as though Rubin
although the latter had been victorious in stein had everything in his favour. How
several important international tourna ever, in past tournaments a serious weak
ments and had won matches against both ness had shown up in his armour-his
Marshall (twice) and Schlechter-two nerves. In vital games he tended to make
players against whom Lasker defended his elementary mistakes that were unworthy
title! Rubinstein also defeated of a player of his ability. Lasker, on the
Bogolyubov, Teichmann, Mieses and Salwe other hand, had the knack of applying all
in matches. his energies at decisive moments and
Once, however, it looked as though concentrating fully on th e task in
Lasker's delaying tactics might fail to question. The difference in purely sport
work. In the great St Petersburg tourna ing qualities made itself felt in this case.
ment, played in February and March Rubinstein only just managed to share
1 909, there was a keen duel b etween the first place, thus failing to demonstrate his
world champion and his would-be superiority over the world champion. It
challenger. Soon after the start-in the was perhaps the decisive moment of his
third round-they faced each other, and chess career, for he was never given an
Rubinstein emerged victorious, the game opportunity to measure swords with
Lasker m a world championship title For present-day annotators there is
match . nothing simpler than to call this move a
serious mistake. However, it must not be
Ruy Lopez forgotten that all the question and ex
clamation marks of chess theory have
Lasker Teichmann
first to be discovered, which often takes
generations. The correct continuation is
1 P·K4 P·K4 14 . . . N-R4 1 5 B-B2 Q-Q2 (or P-KB 3 ) .
2 N·KB3 N·QB3
3 B:N 5 P·QR3 1 5 P·KR3 B-R4
4 B·R4 N·B 3 Here Black cannot play 1 5 . . . BxN
5 0-0 B·K2 because his QP is under attack after 1 6
6 Q·K2 QxB . The retreat 1 5 . . . B-K 3 i s not good
At the time the game was played a either on account of 16 PxP RxP 17 B-N5
completely unknown system . Lasker evi R-N 3 18 B-B 2 ! And the passive 15 . . .
dently wanted to confuse his opponent in B-B l 1 6 P-QR4 is advantageous to White.
the opening, which he managed to do. 16 P·N4 B-B2
6 P-QN4 Black entices the KP to advance in the
7 B·N3 P-Q3 hope that it will prove to be a weakness
8 P·B 3 0-0 and give Black's pieces access to the
9 P-Q4 PxP square Q3 . The only problem is that
1 0 PxP B·NS Black's king is open to attack. However,
1 1 R-Ql P-Q4 after the alternative, 1 6 . . . B-N 3 , White
1 2 P·K5 has two good continuations, 1 7 N·R4 and
17 PxP RxP 1 8 N-K5 .
There is nothing to be feared from this
17 P·K6 B·N 3
move, which is one reason why 12 PxP
1 8 N·R4 N-R4
has been tried several times. If then 1 2
1 9 NxB PxN
. . . KNxP, White secures a slight advan
20 B·B2 P-KB4
tage by 1 3 Q-K4 B-K3 14 N-B 3 . However,
Black has a stronger counter in 1 2 . . . 21 K·Rl !
N-QR4! 1 3 B-B2 R-K 1 . White's plan of attack is now clear:
after exchanging pawns on KB4 he will
12 N-K5 play R·KN l and Q-R5 , e.g. 2 1 . . . N-B 5
1 3 N-B 3 NxN 22 PxP PxP 2 3 R-KNl N-Q3 24 Q-R5
14 PxN. P·B 3 ? B-B 3 25 B-R6 Q-Kl 2 6 R-N 6 ! followed
3 4 . Lasker-Teichmann by 27 QR-KNl (26 . . . QxP 27 BxNP ! ) .
21 B-Q3
22 PxP Q·R5
2 3 Q-B 3 PxP
24 R-KN l
Threatening both 2 5 BxP and 25
B-N 5 . I f Black replies with 24 . . . Q-B 3
White has several possibilities, among
them the elegant 25 B-N5 QxKP 26
QR-Kl Q-Q2 27 B-R6 R-B2 28 BxNP!
RxB 29 BxP R-KB 1 30 RxRch winning.
St Peters burg 1 909 45
24 P-B 5 3 5. Tartakower-Rubinstein
25 R-N4 Q-R 3
26 P-K7! BxP
27 BxP Q-K3
Or 2 7 . . . Q-KB 3 28 QR-KN l R-B2 29
Q-N 3. Immediately after making his move
Black resigned m anticipation of the
pretty finish 28 RxPch! KxR 29
R-KNlch .
French Defence
Now it is too late to think about

Tartakower Rubinstein
stopping the QP, for White is already
1 P-K4 P-K3 threatening 14 P-KB4. In such positions
2 P-QB4 the bishop on K N 3 is badly placed.
Rubinstein therefore decides to open the
Even at that time Tarta kower had
game, though this does no r lead to
leanings towards experiment. Black, how
equality, for his opponent secures the
ever, gets a very comfortable game.
advantage of the two bishops.
2 P-Q4
13 P-B4
3 KPxP PxP
1 4 NxB RPxN
4 P-Q4 N-KB 3
1 5 PxP BxP
5 N-KB 3 B-K 2
6 B-K2 0-0 Black cannot exchange queens at once,
7 0-0 PxP for after 15 . . . QxQ 16 BxQ! BxP 1 7
B-B 3 the QNP i s unprotected ( 1 7 . . .
Black has the choice of several very
R-N l 1 8 B-B4) . Nevertheless an exchange
good plans. One possibility is 7 . . . P-B 3 ,
but the most active line seems to b e 7 . . . of queens actually does take place a few
moves later, though in more favourable
N-B 3 followed by B-KN 5 .
circumstances.
8 BxP QN-Q2
16 Q-B 3 Q-B 2
9 N-B 3 N-N 3
17 B-KB4 Q-B 3
10 B-N 3 B-KN5
18 QxQ PxQ
At this stage of the game this other 19 QR-Bl B-Q5
wise quite natural move is not good . 20 N- K2!
Black should have blocked his opponent 's Apparently illogical, for White rids his
isolated pawn by either 1 0 . . . P-B 3 or 10 opponent of his weak pawn. On the other
. . . N(N3 )-Q4. hand, the move forces Black's strong
centrally posted bishop to depart and also
11 P-KR 3 B-R4
enables White to eliminate B lack's QBP,
A better continuation is 1 1 . . . BxN which could have made the latter's Q4
12 QxB P-B 3 . The two bishops are not into a strong square for a knight.
nearly as important as the blocking of the
QP. 20 Bx NP
21 RxP QR-Bl
1 2 P-N4! B-N 3 22 RxR RxR
1 3 N-K5 2 3 R-Ql N-B 5 ( ? )
A more active plan is 23 . . . P-R 4! 36. Tartakower-Rubinstein
threatening P-R S . It is possible that
Rubinstein wanted to avoid the continua
tion 24 R-N l B-R 6 25 BxPch KxB 26
RxN, though after 26 . . . R-B 7 he would
have recovered the pawn and had an easy
draw.
24 K-N 2 N(8 5)-R4

2 5 R-QNl 8-R6?
Black misses an opportunity to ex

change off White's dangerous bishop and
Position after Black's 3 1 st move
Tartakower does not give him a second
chance. The correct line is 25 . . . NxB !
26 PxN ( 2 6 RxB N-B4) 26 . . . B-R 6 2 7
R-QR l B-B4 2 8 8-K 3 ! BxB 2 9 PxB R-B2 should be able to capitalize upon. If
30 N-Q4 N-Q4, when White's advantage is White were now to continue 3 2 R-88 ! ,
very slight. preventing the knight from getting into
play, Black would have a difficult game;
26 8 K3
- R-82 e.g. 32 . . . K-K 2 ? 3 3 B-Q2 N-N2 34 8-86,
27 P-N S N-Kl winning, or 32 . . . BxB 3 3 NxB R-B2
28 8-QS 8-84 34 R-R8 N - B S 35 N-QS R-Q2 36 K-N 3
29 R·N8 K-8 1 N-K4 3 7 B-K4 N-BS 38 K-B4 N-Q7
30 8-K84 R-Q2 39 P-KR4 ( E . Lasker's analysis) . In this
31 8-8 3 8-Q3 second variation Black cannot very well
Black has succeeded in neutralizing exchange on KS , for after 39 . . . NxB 40
one of his opponent's advantages-the KxN he would be forced to alternate his
two bishops. This, however, is not suf rook between Q2 and QN2, when White
ficient to equalize, for the pin on the could strengthen his position b y advan
knight is very troublesome. Moreover, the cing his QRP to QR 6 and then playing
other knight is out of play, which White R- QN8- N7.
St Pete rsburg 1909
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 14 1 5 1 6 17 1 8 1 9 Pts Prize
1 Lasker 0 1 y, y, 1 1 1 1 'h 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4Yi I, II
2 Rubinstein 1 1 y, y, y, 1 1 1 1 y, 0 1 y, 1 1 1 1 14'11 I, II
3 Duras 0 0 0 0 1 y, 0 1 y, 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 Ill, IV
4 Spielmann y, 0 -
0 1 1 'h y, l 'h 'h l 0 y, 1 1 11 III, IV
5 Bernstein y, 'h 1 1 -
0 1 0 1 1 1 1 y, 0 0 0 y, y, l O Y, v
6 Teichmann 0 y, 0 0 0 'h y, y, 1 y, 1 'h l 'h l y, 1 0 VI
7 Perlis 0 y, 'h 0 0 y, 1 Y, l Y, y, 'h 0 0 1 9 y, VII
8 Cohn 0 0 1 y, 1 'Ii y, 0 O Yi l 'h O Y, Y, Y, l 1 9 VIII
9 Sal we 0 0 0 •;., 0 'h 0 1 O l 'h l l 'h 0 1 1 1 9 VIII
10 Schlechter y, 0 y, 0 0 y, y, 1 1 0 0 'h O l 'h 9 VIII
11 Mieses 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 y, 0 1 1 y, 1 1 1 0 1 S Y,
1 2 Tartakower 0 y, 1 y, 0 y, y, 0 'h 1 0 0 0 Yi 1 1 1 Yi S 'h
1 3 Dus Chotimirski 1 1 0 0 y, 0 0 y, 0 0 'h 1 1 0 1 8
14 Forgacs 0 0 0 1 1 y, y, 1 0 0 0 1 y, y, 'h 'h 0 y, 7 'h
1 5 Burn 0 y, 0 y, 1 0 0 y, y, y, 0 y, y, y, 1 y, y, 0 7
16 Vidmar 0 0 0 0 1 y, y, y, 1 1 0 0 y, y, 0 y, 1 0 7
1 7 Speyer 0 0 0 •;., y, 0 1 'h 0 0 1 0 0 Yi 1h 'h 'h y, 6
1 8 Freymann 0 0 0 y, y, 0 1 0 0 'h 0 0 l l Yi O Y:z 0 S 'h
19 Snosko-Borowski 0 0 0 0 0 y, 0 0 0 0 0 y, O 'h l l 'h l s
St Petersburg 1 909 47
32 R-R8? N-8 5 ! 36 P-QR4 N-N 3
After White's mistake, everything is 37 R-N8 NxP
now in order for Black. He has no 38 NxP RxN
difficulty in achieving a draw. 39 B-86 K-K2
33 BxBch N ( B 5)xB 40 RxNch K-Q3
34 N-Q4 R-82 41 BxN RxB
35 N-86 N-B l Drawn
11 World Championship Match
1910
A Strange Conclusion to a Strange Match
The world championship match between ninth he drew a lost ending when his
Dr Emanuel Lasker and C. Schlechter, opponent blundered. Prior to the last
which took place in Vienna in January game, Schlechter was thus still in the lead
1 9 1 0 , was unusual in one respect. It was ( 5 : 4) and very close to becoming world
played over ten games, the shortest title champion. He only needed to hold the
match in the history of chess. last game, in which his opponent had
C. Schlechter was a player with an White. Everyone expected him to remain
unusually so.lid style ; he rarely lost a true to style and play cautiously. What
game, but, on the other hand, had a large actually happened is therefore an almost
percentage of draws, which reduced the inexplicable psychological mystery.
number of his successes in tournament
play. To be faced by such a player in a Queen's Gambit
short match was extremely risky for the
world champion, and it is a great mystery Lasker Schlechter
why Lasker agreed to such conditions. A
chance loss could easily have been deci 1 P-Q4 P-Q4
sive . And that is what very nearly 2 P-Q84 P-Q8 3
happened! 3 N-K83 N-8 3
The first three games were on the 4 P-K3 P-KN 3
whole quite even and without any great Later the system was named after
complications, all of them ending in Schlechter, and it still enjoys a good
draws. The fourth was also drawn, though reputation. But the simplest way to
not without some very dramatic equalize is 4 . . . B-B4.
moments. Lasker, who had White, won a
5 N-8 3 8-N2
pawn, and after simplifying reached a
won endgame. But then he made a single 6 8-Q3 0-0
7 Q-82
mistake, which allowed his opponent to
achieve a draw. In the fifth game Lasker If 7 0-0, Black can reply 7 . . . B-N 5 ,
again made the running, reaching a posi which i s why 6 B-K2 i s nowadays pre
tion in which his heavy pieces gave him ferred to 6 B-Q3.
the upper hand. Then Schlechter sacri
7 . . . N-R 3 ( ? )
ficed a pawn for some nebulous attacking
chances. In time-trouble Lasker Black could have attained equality
blundered twice, which changed the situa quite easily by 7 . . . PxP 8 BxBP P-B4 9
tion completely, and Schlechter was able PxP QN-Q2 or 8 . . . B-B4 and if 9 P-K4
to press home a mating attack. then 9 . . . B-NS with a good game.
The rest of the match was charac Instead of choosing a quiet continuation,
terized by Lasker's onslaught and some Schlechter starts off on his first adventure
hard-fought games. In the sixth on the queen's wing. How can such a
Schlechter managed to save a game in decision be explained? Schlechter's con
which he was a pawn down, and in the temporaries, among them the well-known
World Championship Match 1 9 1 0 49
chess annotator G . Marco, attributed i t to counter action on the queen's wing, e.g.
a desire to avoid having the outcome of 1 5 . . . KR-Nl 16 P-N4 BxN 17 B PxB
the match depend entirely on the chance N-N 2, threatening P-QB4 and B-B l .
win in the fifth game. But is it possible
15 BxN
that a chess player would be influenced
16 PxN! B-N 2
by such exaggerated scruples? I consider
17 PxP RPxP
it to be unlikely. A more logical explana
18 Q·B4 B-81
tion is that both players were labouring
under such nervous stress that their White was threatening both 19 RxB
power of judgment was not working as and 19 BxP. Apart from being a direct
well as it normally did. answer to the first of these threats, the
text-move deals with the second in
8 P-QR3 PxP
directly, e.g. 1 9 BxP B-K 3 ! 20 QxN PxB,
9 8x8P P-N4
giving Black the strong pair of bishops for
The logical continuation in view of his the pawn . White dare not try to win a
previous decision. Nevertheless the second pawn, e.g. 20 BxPch? RxB 21
passive 9 . . . N-B2 is objectively better. QxN B-Q4.
10 B-Q3 P-N 5 1 9 R-N l Q·R4ch

11 N-QR4 PxP
Not 1 9 . . QxP? 20 RxP. Black needs
.
12 PxP 8-N2
the queen for the defence of the king-side
13 R-QN l Q-82
and, as we shall see later, for a councer
14 N-K5 ! ?
attack there.
Lasker can hardly b e criticized for
20 B·Q2 Q-Q4
going in for this sharp attack instead of
21 R-QB l
striving to maintain his small positional
advantage by 1 4 0-0 followed by B-Q2. White has no objection to an exchange
The game soon takes on an exciting of queens, provided, of course, it does
character. not improve his opponent's pawn po
sition.
14 . . . N-R4
21 . . . 8·N2
Not, of course, 14 . . . N-Q2? 1 5 RxB !
22 Q·82 Q-KR4
QxR 1 6 BxN.
38. Lasker-Schlechter
37. Lasker-Schlechter
The first crisis in the game. After 2 3

1 5 P-N4! ?
R-N l ! QxP 24 K-K2 White would have
Again the sharpest continuation. After the better of it, e.g. 24 . . . Q-B2 25 BxP
15 P-B4 Black could have started a PxB 26 Q-N 3ch R-B 2 27 QxB QxQ 28
RxQ P-K4! o r 2 4 . . . QR-N l ? 2 5 RxB ready to go to Q4 or QN4. Moreover,
QxR 26 BxN Q-N 5ch 27 K-B l Q-R6ch 28 White's pieces lack co-ordination, and the
K-Kl Q-R 8ch 29 K-K2 Q-R4ch 30 P-B 3 , White king is exposed. Can White still
though i n the first variation his advantage hope to offer resistance?
would hardly be sufficient to win.
Another possibility is 23 Q-N 3 QxP 24 34 RxP
RxNP QR-N l , which leaves Black with a "You might as well be hanged for a
playable game. Lasker tries a third line, a sheep as a lamb." In any case, after 3 4
dangerous-looking sacrifice, which, how N-B 3 Black's knight would also b e very
ever, can be adequately countered. effective in operating from K3.
It is almost unbelievable that Black's
unusual piece configuration cannot be 34 . . . N-N4!
exploited in any way. But that neverthe Objectively the best move, though 34
less seems to be the case. However, . . . N-Q4 would virtually have ended the
Lasker can hardly be blamed for failing to match, for White would then have h ad
foresee this when choosing the line of nothing better than to go into an un
play that led to the position. favourable endgame by 3 5 Q-N6 QxQ 3 6
QxP RxQ NxPch 3 7 BxN RxB 38 R-R 3ch
23 BxP! ?
K-N l 39 R(R 3 )-KN 3. It should be noted
24 R-Bl PxB
2 5 Q-N 3 ch that 3 5 R-B 5 could have been answered
R-B2
by 35 . . . RxP! 36 BxR NxBch 37 K-Ql
26 QxB QR·KB l !
P-K4! with a decisive attack.
After the game Lasker admitted that
he had simply overlooked this move. The 3 5 R·B4
knight cannot be taken because Black can 39. Lasker-Schlechter
reply RxP with a mating attack.
Black now has the advantage, though
not necessarily a decisive one if White
continues correctly with 27 P-B4 forcing
his opponent to make the passive retreat
27 . . . N-N l . Lasker, however, chooses an
inaccurate continuation, which gets him
into a critical situation. As things turned
out the mistake actually enabled him to
win the game and save his title, for it
evidently encouraged his opponent to
play for a win at any price, which in turn 35 . . . RxP?
led to an error at the decisive point of the
Schlechter's desire to attain an elega nt,
struggle.
rather than a straightforward win leads to
27 Q-N 3 ? K-Rl disaster. The search for beauty has often
28 P-B4 P-N4! been severely punished. After the fairly
29 Q-Q3 PxP! obvious 3 5 . . . R-Ql , White has no real
30 PxP Q-R5ch defence, e.g. 36 B-K3 ( 3 6 R-B5 NxQPch
31 K·K2 Q-R7ch 37 QxN QxR(B6)ch) 36 . . . P-K4 3 7
32 R-KB2 Q-R4ch P-Q5 N-Q3, and Black wins the exchange.
33 R-KB3 N-B2 !
36 BxR RxB
The weakness of White's 2 7th move 37 R-B8ch B-Bl
becomes apparent, for the Black knight is 38 K·B2
World Championship Match 1 9 1 0 51
The only adequate defence; i t gives turns out to be the longest game of the
White a draw, though nothing more. In match .
his notes on the game Schlechter stated
46 R·Q5 K·N l
that he had originally planned 38 . . .
4 7 N-B5
Q-R 5 ch but now noticed the interesting
refutation 39 K-N2 ! Q-N 5 ch 40 R-N 3 For a long time White had had
QxR ( B l ) 41 Q-N6! difficulties with his king. Now, however,
it is Black who is faced by this problem.
38 • • . Q-R7ch ! The threat is 48 Q-N6ch.
39 K-Kl Q-R 8ch?
47 Q·N8ch
One mistake leads to another. Black 48 K·B2 Q-QB8ch
had already missed the win, but there was 49 K-N3 B-N2
still a draw to be had, and with it the 50 N·K6 Q·N 7 ch
world title : 39 . . . Q-R5ch ! 40 K-Q2 51 K-R4 K-B2
Q-R7ch 41 K-K3 RxRch 42 KxR Q-R6ch 52 NxB QxN
43 K-K2 QxR 44 QxN or 40 K-Bl 53 Q-QN 3 !
Q-R 6ch 41 K-B2 (41 K-K2 ? ? Q-N7ch) 41
. . . RxRch 42 QxR QxR 4 3 Q-R 5 ch. (On Virtually the end of the game, for
the other hand, an attempt to win by 40 Black has to choose between exchanging
R-N 3 ? fails : 40 . . . Q-R8ch 41 K-K2 queens (after K-N 3 or K-8 3 ) and losing
Q-KB8ch 42 K-Q2 R-B7ch.) How can we the QRP.
explain Schlechter's tragic mistake? Cer 53 K-Kl
. . .
tainly fatigue played its part ; but so too 54 Q-N8ch K·B2
did the disappointment caused by the 55 QxP Q-N5 ch
fact that the "winning" sacrifice had 56 Q-Q4 Q-Q2ch
actually thrown away the win. 57 K·N 3 Q·N 2ch
58 K·R2 Q-B 3
40 R-KB l Q-R5ch
41 K-Q2 ! RxR 59 Q-Q3 K·Kl
60 R-KN5 K·Q2
Of course , not 41 . . . RxP 42 61 R-K5 Q·N7ch
R(B8)xBch K-N 2 43 R(B l )-B7ch K-R 3 62 R-K2 Q·N5
44 R·KR8ch. 63 R-Q2 Q·QR5
64 Q-B5 ch K-B2
42 QxR QxPch
65 Q-QB2ch QxQ
43 Q·Q3 Q-B7ch
66 RxQch K·N 3
44 K·Ql N-Q3
67 R-K2 N-B l
45 R·B 5 B·R 3
68 K-N3 K·B3
White's material advantage is very 69 R-QB2ch K·N 2
slight. But with correct play it is suf 70 K-N4 N-R2
ficient to win, as Lasker proves in what 71 K·B5 Resigns
12 San Sebastian 1 9 :m: 1
J. R. Capablanca's Debut
Prior to the start of the first international White is two pawns down and must
tournament in the Spanish town of San prevent an exchange of queens ( 24 . . .
Sebastian, there was some disagreement Q·B4). Bernstein obviously assumed that
about one of the participants. The Cuban his queen would become active on the
champion, j. R. Capablanca, at that time long diagonal, but it is already too late
unknown, had been brought in at the last for such a procedure.
moment and was in the opinion of some 24 Q·N7
of the other competitors, especially Dr R·KRl
25 N·R 5 !
Bernstein, not up to world standard. As
luck would have it the renowned Not 25 . . . P-N3 26 QxKRPch K-Nl
grandmaster was drawn against the 27 P-K5 PxN(R4) 28 NPxP, when Black
youngest competitor in the very first has no defence against the manoeuvre 29
round. K-R l followed by R-KN l ch.
40. Capablanca-Bernstein 26 R·K2 Q·K4

27 P·B4 Q-N4
The Black queen must now leave the

long diagonal, giving White the oppor·
tunity to make one of his well-known
"minor combinations", a favourite tac
tical feature of Capablanca's play
throughout his career.
28 N(B 5)xNP! N·B4?
With this move Black more or less

resigns himself to his fate. However, the
Position after White's 2 2nd move
alternative, 28 . . . NxN 29 N-B6ch K-N 3
30 NxB P-B 3 3 1 P-K5 ! , would leave his
White undoubtedly has the better of it;
king in a somewhat exposed positio n, so
his second knight is now threatening to
that his chances of organizing a successful
join in the attack against the king. Black's
defence would not be very great, e.g.
best policy is to simplify by 22 . . . Q-N 3 ,
which would allow him to equalize, the 31 . . . BPxP 3 2 Q-K4ch K-B2 3 3 RxP.
game probably resulting in a draw. But 29 NxR BxN
the grandmaster did not want to drop 30 Q·QB 3! P-B 3
half a point against his young opponent 31 NxPch K-N 3
and so he embarked upon an over-risky 32 N-R5 R-Nl
adventure. 33 P·B 5ch K·N4
22 QxP? 34 Q-K3ch Resigns
23 N(K2)-N3 QxBP This first victory was, from the
24 R·QBl psychological point of view, extremely
San Sebastian 191 1 53
important. In the further course of the replies 9 B-N 5 ch and 9 N-K5 , the
tournament Capablanca played calmly text-move looks rather dangerous, but
and thoughtfully, losing only one game, actually Black gets a good game in both
and getting into danger in only one other cases. White should therefore have gone
(against J anowski). After his victory over on with his development, e.g. 9 0-0 0-0
Bernstein he drew with Marshall; then he 10 Q-K2 B-N 2 1 1 QR-Ql , etc.
defeated Burn and drew with Tarrasch.
9 N-K5
He continued with two victories against
J anowski and Leonhardt respectively, and If 9 B-N5 ch, Black can simply play 9
after drawing with Duras he defeated . . . B-Q2. Even now Black can ignore the
Nimzowitsch .. There followed two draws, threat 10 B-N5ch.
against Mar6czy and Schlechter, and then
9 . . . 8-N2
with a bit of luck he netted another full
1 0 8-NSch P-8 3 !
point, this time against Spielmann. In the
thirteenth round he made his task more The point o f the whole set-up. Black
difficult by losing to Rubinstein, who can recover the pawn with an excellent
thereby caught up with him, both having game: e.g. 1 1 BxPch ( 11 NxQBP Q-Q4)
B'h points. However, the latter had a bye 1 1 . . . BxB 1 2 NxB Q-Q4 1 3 N-K5
in the final round, so that Capablanca had QxNP 14 Q-B 3 QxQ 15 NxQ, etc.
one more game to play. At this stage of
1 1 Q-8 3 Q-Q4!
the tournament Capablanca adopted the .
1 2 8xN
correct psychological plan and played
cautiously against Teichmann, the game Or 1 2 QxQ NxQ 1 3 BxB NxB.
ending in a colourless draw . In the same 8Px8
12 . . .
round Rubinstein had a considerable 1 3 8xP
advantage over Spielmann, but at the
This allows Black to transpose into a
decisive moment he played weakly and
favourable endgame, where he has the
dropped half a point.
two bishops. The correct continuation is
1 3 QxQ BxQ 14 BxB KxB.
French Defence
13 QxQ
Spielmann Rubinstein 14 PxQ R-KN l
15 8-R6 P-8 3
1 P-K4 P-K3
16 N-Q3 8xP
2 P-Q4 P-Q4
17 R-K8 1 R-N S !
3 N-Q8 3 N-K8 3
4 8-KN S PxP This rook manoeuvre will eventually
5 NxP QN-Q2 win the KRP. The game is strategically
6 N-K83 decided, and in view of his excellent
technique Rubinstein should have had no
More accurate is the immediate
great difficulty in turning his material
NxNch, for one move later Black can, if
advantage into a win. However, at this
he wishes, retake with the bishop.
decisive phase he began to feel the effects
6 8-K2 of the strain of being in the struggle for
7 NxNch NxN first prize.
8 8-Q3 P-QN 3 ( ! )
1 8 8-84 R-Ql
Rubinstein's innovation-obviously 1 9 P-8 3 P-K4
prepared for an encounter with a 20 8-K3 P-K5
dangerous opponent. In view of the 21 N-N4 8-Q3
Although this wins a pawn, there is an 32 BxB B-K S , etc.) 31 . . . P-B 6 or 3 0
even stronger move in 21 . . . P-B4 ! , K-Q3 B·K7ch followed by P-B 6, and the
which prevents his opponent from passed KBP soon decides the issue.
castling artificially ( K-Q2) and consoli
dating his position. 3 0 8xKP R·R7ch
31 K-8 1 R·K7
22 P·KR3 R·R4 32 8·R6!
23 R·KN l K-82
24 K-Q2 RxP Preventing Black from advancing his
25 P·R4 P-84 KRP. The game is now virtually even, for
26 N-86 R·Q2 there is no way in which Black can use his
27 P·Q5 P-85 very slight advantage.
28 8·Q4
32 8xP
41 . Spielmann-Rubinstein 3 3 PxP P.R4
34 R·R4! R·KS
3 5 RxR 8xR
36 R-N7ch K·Kl
37 R·N8ch K-82
3 8 R·N7ch
Drawn
42. Vidmar-Capablanca
28 P·K6ch !
A strong move, which Rubinstein fails

to follow up correctly.
29 PxKP PxKPch?
This allows White to save half a point.

There was a clear win by 29 . R-R7ch !. .
30 K-Bl BxP 3 1 RPxP ( 3 1 N-K5ch BxN Position after White's 1 7th move
San Sebastian 1 9 1 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 5 Pts Prize
1 Capablanca 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 9 'h I
2 Rubinstein 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 9 II, I I I
3 Vidmar 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 1 9 II, I I I
4 Marshall 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 l 'h 'h 0 1 8 'h IV
5 Nimzowitsch 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 7'h V-VII
6 Schlechter 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 7 'h V-VII
7 Tarrasch 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 0 'h 'h 1 0 'h 7 'h V-Vll
8 Bernstein 0 'h 0 'h 'h 1 0 1 1 'h 1 0 1 0 7
9 Spielmann 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h l 1 7
10 Teichmann 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'h 1 0 'h 0 'h 'h 1 1 6'h
11 Janowski 0 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 1 6
u Maroczy 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 0 6
1 3 Burn 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 0 'h 0 'h 5
14 Duras 'h 0 0 1 'h 0 1 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 5
1 5 Leonhardt 0 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 1 0 0 0 'h 'h 4
San Sebastian 191 1 55
In the last round Capablanca had an 1 9 PxN BxP
easier task. He only needed a draw to win Has Black perhaps failed t o see the
the tournament, and he achieved this imminent loss of the exchange?
with the help of one of his typical minor
combinations. 20 BxB R-Ql !
Black's position looks uncomfortable,
Not of course 20 . RxB ?? 2 1 BxPch
for his opponent's knight is threatening
. .
winning. At this stage the game was

to go to Q6. Fortunately for him there is
agreed drawn, for White has nothing
an effective defence.
better than 21 BxPch KxB 22 RxR PxR ,
17 R-Q4! when the bishops of opposite colours
18 N-Q6 NxN ensure a draw.
13 Karlsbad 1 9 1 1
Two Miniatures Decide
Karlsbad was beginning to make a name 1 0 8-82 P-84

for itself. For the second time it was the 11 QN-Q2 Q-8 2 ( ? )
venue of a great international tournament
T h e first o f a series o f inaccuracies
with a distinguished field ( 2 1 August- 2 4
leading to Schlechter's unexpectedly
September 1 9 1 1 ) . It was generally ex
speedy defeat. The queen is better placed
pected that S chlechter, Rubinstein, Duras
on Ql than QB 2 , and for that reason the
and Marshall would fight it out for first
line recommended today is 1 1 . . . N-B 3
place. Surprisingly, however, other names
12 N-B l R-K l ! 1 3 N-K3 B-B l . etc .
appeared among the leaders, and at
the end of the 1 7th round the position 1 2 N-81 N-83
was: Rotlevi, Schlechter and Teichmann 1 3 N-K3 8-N 2 ( ? )
1 2 1h , Rubinstein, Marshall 101h., etc.
In the present variation , where White
The issue was virtually decided in the
plays 9 P-Q3, Black's bishop is usually
1 8th round, where two of the leaders
badly placed on QN 2 , the main reason
were drawn against each other; the third
being that White's knight has easy access
suffered an unexpected defeat at the
to KBS. The correct continuation is 1 3
hands of a player who had been in the
. . . B-K3 and if 1 4 N-N5 then 1 4 . . .
bottom half of the table for the whole of
P-Q4! 1 5 PxP BxP! 1 6 P-Q4 BPxP 1 7
the tournament.
BxPch K-R l .
Decisive games between players of the
same strength are generally long and 1 4 N-8 5 KR-Kl
tough struggles. The encounter between 1 5 8-N5 N-Q2
Teich mann and Schlechter was the
Black intends to exchange off his
exception to the rule. The game that was
passive bishop, but thereby allow his
to determine the leader, and eventual
opponent to get a dangerous attack with
winner, turned out to be a miniature. So,
his pieces. A safer continuation is 1 5
too , did the other key game of the round.
B-Ql .
Ruy Lopez 16 8-N 3 ! N-81
Black would have more chances of

Teichmann Schlechter putting up a successful defence by 1 6 . . .
1 P-K4 P-K4 B-KBl .
2 N-K8 3 N-Q8 3
1 7 8-Q5 ! N-N 3 ?
3 8-N5 P-QR 3
4 8-R4 N-8 3 White was threatening 1 8 BxN fol
5 0-0 8-K2 lowed by NxBch, winning the exchange.
6 R-Kl P-QN4 There was, however, a better counter i n
7 8-N3 P-Q3 1 7 . . . B-Ql ! A defence that i s less good,
8 P-8 3 0-0 on the other hand, is 17 . . . BxB 18 NxB
9 P-Q3 N-QR4 N-Ql 19 Q-N4! N-N 3 20 BxB NxB 21
Karlsbad 191 1 57
P-KR4 (or 21 R-K 3 ) , with a violent French Defence
attack .
Dus Chotimirski Rotlevi
1 8 8x8 N(N 3)x8
1 P-K4 P-K 3
Not, of course, 18 . . . N(B 3 )xB 1 9 2 P-Q4 P-Q4
BxB QxB 2 0 NxQP, when White wins the 3 N-Q8 3 PxP
exchange and a pawn.
I t was thanks to Rubinstein that this
4 3 . Teichmann-Schlechter defence became popular at the time this
tournament was played. Reti later " im
proved" the order of moves: 3 . . . N-KB 3
4 B-KN5 PxP.
4 NxP N-Q2
5 8-Q3 KN-83
6 NxNch NxN
7 N-8 3 8-K2
Rubinstein used to play 7 . . . P-QN3
instead . In the 1 9 1 2 San Sebastian
tournament Schlechter tried to refute this
by 8 N-K 5 , which was answered by B-N2!
19 8xPch Kx8
9 B-QN 5 ch P-B 3 1 0 BxPch. At this stage
20 N-N5ch K-N l
10 NxQBP Q-Q.4 1 1 NxPdis ch K-Ql is
Other king moves do not help either, bad for White. A playable alternative,
e.g. 20 . . . K-N 3 21 Q-N4 P-KR4 22 however, is 10 Q- B 3 Q-Q.4 1 1 QxQ NxQ
N-R4ch or 20 . . . K-B 3 21 NxRPch K-B 2 12 BxPch BxB 1 3 NxB R-B l 14 NxP
22 N-N5 ch K-B 3 23 NxNP ! , winning RxP, when Black has counter-play for the
pawn. Another possibility for Black on
easily.
the seventh move is P-QB4.
21 Q-R5 NxN 8 0-0 0-0
22 QxPch K-81 9 8-KN S P-QN 3
23 QxNch K-N l
The continuation 9 . . . P-B4 1 0 PxP
The Black king cannot escape from the BxP merely wastes a tempo.
mating net. If 2 3 . . . K-K2 , then 24
10 Q-K2 8-N2
Q-K6ch K-Ql ( 24 . . . K-B l 25 N-R7
1 1 QR-QI Q-Q4?
mate) 25 N-B 7ch, winning the queen.
White's eleventh move prevented 1 1
24 Q-N6! . . . P-B4. Black could, however, play 1 1
. . . P-B 3 followed by Q-B2, QR-Ql and
The most accurate move. There were, P-B 4, after which he has a passive but
however, also wins to be had from 24 sound position. Another possibility is 1 1
R-K3 P-N3 25 QxNPch Q-N 2 26 Q-R 5 . . . BxN 1 2 QxB Q-Q.4 ! , forcing an
and 24 Q-R7 ch K-Bl 2 5 R-K3 , etc. exchange of queens. Then after 1 3 QxQ
NxQ (or 1 3 . . . PxQ) 14 B-Q.2 his
24 Q-Q2 position is only slightly inferior.
2 5 R-K3 Resigns
1 2 P-84 Q-Q3
In view of 2 5 . . . N-Ql 26 R-R 3 N-B 2 1 3 N-K5 QR-QI
27 NxN QxN 28 R-R8ch! etc. 14 KR-Kl N-Q2
Karlllbad 1 91 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Pts Prize
1 Teichmann llz y, 1 \lz 0 1 'h 'h \lz 1 0 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 1 1 18
2 Schlechter 0 'h 0 'h llz 'h 1 'h 0 'h 1 1 1 1 1 0 'h 1 1 1 11.z 1 1 1 17 11, Ill
3 Rubinstein 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 17 I I , III
4 Rotlevi 0 'h 1 0 0 0 'h 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 16 IV
5 Marsha.II \lz 'h 0 11z 0 'h y, 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1lz 1 0 'h 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 5 llz V, VI
6 Nimzowitsch 0 'h V2 0 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 1 1 1 'h 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 11.z V , VI
7 Vid mar 'h 'h 'h 1 llz 0 \lz 0 1 1 'h 0 1 'h 1 0 0 Y, 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 15 VII
8 Alekhin 0 0 0 llz llz 0 1 0 0 1 'h 1 0 'h 0 1 0 1 1 1 'h 1 1 3 11.z VIII-XI
9 Tartakower 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'lz 1 'h llz 'h 'h 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 'h VIII-X I
10 Leonhardt 'h 0 0 llz 'h 0 'h 'h 0 0 'h 1 'h 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 311.z VIII-XI
1 1 Duras 1 0 y, 0 0 0 0 0 'h 1 0 0 llz 1 1 'h 'h 1 llz 1 'h 1 1 3\lz VIII-XI
1 2 Spielmann 0 'h 1 0 llz 1lz 0 1 'h 'h 0 1 1 'h 'h 'h 1 · 'h 'h 1 0 0 1 0 13 XII
1 3 Perlis 'h 0 llz 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 0 11z 1 0 0 0 0 1 12 XIII
14 Cohn 'h 0 0 1 'h 0 0 'h 1 0 0 'h - 'h 'h 1 0 1 0 1 0 'h 1 1 0 1 1 11..
1 5 Lowenfisch 'h 0 0 0 0 0 0 1lz 'h 1 1 0 0 'h 1 1 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 11.z
16 Siichting 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 - 1 1 0 0 'h 1 'h 1 1 1 1 1\lz
17 Burn 1 0 0 1 llz y, 0 1 0 'h 'lz 0 0 0 0 - 0 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 0 0 11
18 Salwe llz 1 0 0 0 0 1 'h 0 llz 0 \lz 0 1 llz 0 1 - 1 'h y, 0 y, 'h 1 'h 1 1
19 Johner 1lz 'h 0 0 t 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 'h 1 \lz 0 - 1 'h 0 1 1 0 0 10\lz
20 Kostic 0 0 llz 0 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 1 0 1 'h 'h 0 - 'h 'h 1 1 0 1 1011.z
21 Rabinowitsch 'h 0 'h 0 0 0 'h 1 0 1 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h llz - 1 'h 0 1 1 1 0\lz
22 Dus Chotimirski 0 0 llz 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 'h 0 - 1 0 0 1 10
2 3 Alapin 'h 'h 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 'h 1 1 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h 0 - llz 'h 0 811.z
24 Chajes 0 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 'h 0 0 1 1 'h - 0 1 811.z
2 5 Fahrni 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 llz 0 'h 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 'h 1 - 0 811..
26 Jaffe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 'h 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 - 811.z

Karlsbad 1 9 1 1 59
If 14 . . . P-B4, White 's next move 18 . . . Q-Q2
would be even stronger. There can be no 1 9 Px P Q-8 3
doubt that Black's queen is rather badly Again the only move t o prevent
placed. immediate disaster. The tournament book
gives the following alternative : 19 . . .
15 8-84 NxN
Q-R 5 20 BxQB P R-B l 2 1 Q-R 5 ! P-B4 ( 2 1
16 8xN Q-8 3
. . . P-N 3 2 2 BxKNP ) 2 2 BxBP KRxB 2 3
If Black's queen withdraws to Q2, the QxR RxB 2 4 Q-B 7ch K-R l 2 5 R-Q8 ch !
well-known combination 17 BxRPc h! BxR 2 6 Q-B8 mate.
KxB 18 Q-R 5 ch K-Nl 1 9 BxNP! KxB 20 20 8-83 Q-8 4
R-Q3, etc . , is decisive. 2 1 P-KR4
1 7 Q-N4 P-8 3 Now that the Black queen cannot go

to KN4, White is threatening to win it by
After 17 . . . P-N3 18 B-K4 Black 22 P-QN4.
would lose a piece. Now, however, 1 8
B-K4 can be answered b y 1 8 . . . QxBP. 21 . . . P-QR4
2 2 P-R3 K-Rl
If the king were left on KN l , White

would have a discovered attack on the
queen after 2 3 P-N4 Q-B 3 24 B-K4
QxBP 25 BxRPch.
23 R-K3 R-KNl
There is no adequate defence to

White's king-side attack, e.g. 2 3 . . . P-N3
24 P-N4 Q-B 3 25 B-K4 QxBP 26 RxR
BxR ( 2 6 . . . RxR 27 Q-B 3 ) 27 P-K7
BxP 28 Q-Q7 BxB 29 QxB winning.
24 8xKRP! RxRch
1 8 P-QS ! 25 QxR R-Ql
After 25 . . . KxB 26 R-K5 ! Black

An excellent break-through, which
would either Jose his queen or be mated.
wins a pawn. If now 18 . . . PxP, then 1 9
PxP Q-B4 ( 1 9 . . . RxP 2 0 B-QB4 o r 1 9 26 8-Q3 K-N l
. . . Q-Q2 2 0 B-B 5 ) 20 R-QB 1 ! followed 27 Q-N4 Q-8 3
by 2 1 BxQBP. 28 R-N 3 Resigns
More Haste Less Speed
Neither the hero of the first tournament, other, Spielmann was already out of the
J. R. Capablanca, nor the world cham running for first prize.
pion, Dr E. Lasker, took part in the Nimzowitsch only needed a draw to
second international tournament in the win the tournament, but his opponent,
casino of the Spanish seaside resort of who was at the peak of his career, had
San Sebastian. Their absence was due in White. Moreover, the latter had just had
part to negotiations that were taking an excellent run of victories, which had
place on a world championship title netted him 6lh points from his last e ight
match. If, however, Capablanca had games, so he must have been full of
hopes that these negotiations would confidence at the start of the game.
quickly prove successful, he was soon to
find that his rival was not only an Old Indian
excellent chess player but that he also
excelled in the field of chess diplomacy. Rubinstein Nimzowitsch
The match did not take place until
1921. 1 P-Q4 N-KB 3
Apart from these two grandmas�ers It is amusing to see what the world
the strongest at that time-the rest of the champion, Dr Lasker, wrote in the
world's chess elite assembled at San tournament book : "This is also possible,
Sebastian. The tournament was a double if you have patience and then play very
round affair, and at the half-way stage it well. But 1 . . . P-Q4 is less of a
looked as if there were not going to be commitment. "
any real struggle for first place, the A few years later, Lasker was to
leading scores being Spielmann 8 , witness the upsurge of the Indian systems
Marshall and Nimzowitsch 5 lh, Rubin arising from 1 . . . N-KB 3 , propagated by
stein and Tarrasch 5. In the second half those grandmasters, of whom
the scene c hanged radically, for Spiel Nimzowitsch was one, who called them
mann did not even manage to score 5 0 selves neo-romanticists and who revo
per cent from his remaining games. He lutionized chess theory. Their period of
was still in the lead with three rounds to fame, however, did not arrive until after
go, but then he lost with White to the first world war. In fact the name
Tarrasch and scored only half a point " Indian system" did not exist in 1 9 1 2,
from the last two games, losing with when this game was played, and
White to Rubinstein and drawing with Nimzowitsch used a set-up (2 . . . P-Q3 )
Leonhardt. that had been played by Chigorin and
The position prior to the last round Burn among others in the previous
was Nim zowitsch 1 2 , Spielmann 1 2, but century.
with one more game, for the Hungarian
player Forgacs had withdrawn after the 2 P-QB4 P-Q3
first half, Rubinstein 1 1 lh. As Rubinstein 3 N-KB3 QN-Q2
and Nimzowitsch were to play each 4 N-83 P-K4
5 P-K4 8-K2 15 PxP PxP
6 8-K2 0-0 16 NxP!
7 0-0 R-Kl
A pretty combination which com
8 Q-82 8-81
pletely thwarts Black's plans. As a result
9 P-QN 3 P-8 3
of neglecting his development Black will
10 8-N2 N-R4?
now be unable to consolidate the position
Up to this move the game could easily of his minor pieces.
have been played by present-day grand
16 RxN
masters. But the attempt to attack on the
1 7 8-K8 1
king-side is not sufficiently well prepared,
and Black soon gets into an inferior Another strong continuation is 1 7
position. It is apparent that, in the BxR NxBch ( 1 7 . . . QxB? 1 8 PxN QxBP
struggle fo r first place, Nimzowitsch did 19 Q-B3) 18 QxN QxB 19 R-Q8 , which
not succeed in keeping a cool head. He prevents B lack fro m completing his
had already proved in earlier games that development, e.g. 19 . . . P-KN 3 20 Q-K3
he understood how to handle such Q-K2 (20 . . . K-N2 2 1 R x B KxR 22
positions-first concentrating on patient QR6ch) 2 1 KR-Ql, and 2 1 . . . B-Q2 is
defence and only at a later stage striving answered by 22 R(Ql )xB !
for active play. Nowadays, instead of 1 0 17 N-Q2
. . . N-R4, Black either plays 1 0 . . . 1 8 Q-Q2?
P-QR3 , preparing P-QN4, or the waiting
move 1 0 . . . P-KN3. This is rather too subtle. After the
simple continuation 18 BxB NxBch 19
1 1 P-N 3 N-N l K-N 2, there are two Black pieces under
attack. Black's only reasonable chance of
Black wants to exploit the slight attack is then 19 . . . Q-K3 20 RxN !
weakness in his opponent's king-side N-B 5ch ! , but White has no difficulty in
position, but neglects his own develop beating it off: 21 PxN Q-N5ch 22 K-Bl
ment on the queen's wing . A better R-KR4 23 R-Q3 RxP 24 R-N 3 QxP 2 5
continuation is 1 1 . . . P-KN 3. B-Q4. If Black deviates with 20 . . . QxR
(instead of N-B 5 ) he is admittedly only a
1 2 QR-Ql Q-8 3
pawn down after White's reply 2 1 BxR,
1 3 N-N l !
but all his attacking chances have gone.
When two players do the same thing,
18 . . . 8x8
the result is not necessarily the same.
1 9 Rx8
Unlike B lack 's knight move , this one does
not shut the rook out of play. Besides, it As a result of White 's mistake on the
is part of a concrete tactical plan . previous move, Black has strong counter
play. If 1 9 KxB, Black can reply 1 9 . . .
13 8-R6 N-R6 20 K-N2 B-B4! , e.g. 2 1 KxN
1 4 KR-Kl N-8 5 Q-K3ch 22 K-N2 RxP 23 RxR QxRch 24
P-B3 Q-K2 2 5 QxN Q-K7ch or 21 BxR
Although this move leads to a lost NxB 22 KxN N-B6.
position it is difficult to attach a question
19 N-R6ch
mark to it, for it is the logical
. . .
20 K-N2 N-N4
continuation of the manoeuvre started on
move 1 0. If B lack did not continue like Threatening mate in two and enabling
this, the set-up with his knight on KR4 Black to exploit the tactical weakness of
and his queen on KB 3 would be pointless. White's KP after the forced reply.
21 P-84 Q·N 3 ! perpetual check. If he tries to avoid it, he
22 PxN RxKP! has to resort to the risky 30 K-R4, when
Black has good chances with 30 . . .
An excellent move. A speedy loss B-K2! threatening P-KR 3 , e.g. 3 1 Q-B4
would result, on the other hand, from 2 2 Q-B7 3 2 Q-Q4 QxRPch 3 3 K-N4 Q-K7ch
. . . QxKPch 23 K-R 3 ! R-K2 24 KR-K l , 34 K-B4 P-B 3 ! or 3 1 P-KN4 Q-B 6 ! ( 3 1
when Black loses a knight. . . . BxPch? 3 2 K-N 3 ! ) , and Black has the
strong threat of BxPch!
2 3 QxN R-K7ch
25 8-84??
24 R-82 Q·K 5 ch
26 8-Q4? ?
2 5 K-N l
One of the most unbelievable
45 . Rubinstein-Nimzowitsch examples of chess blindness in a grand
master game. First Black opens himself to
a simple mate in two that even a rabbit
would see ( 2 6 QxBPch K-R8 27 QxKNP
mate) , and then White fails to take
advantage of it. Luckily for Rubinstein
his continuation also wins.
26 8x8
27 Qx8 R-K8ch
28 R-K8 1 RxR(88)ch
29 KxR Q-R8ch
30 K-82 QxPch
It is quite clear that Black will have to 31 K-83 P-8 3
attack the weakened king's position , after
which a perpetual check is on the cards. Parrying the threatened mate ( 3 2
Of course, 25 . . . R-K8ch 26 RxR QxRch Q-Q8ch) and a t the same time trying to
27 K-N 2 Q-K5ch ( 27 . . . QxN? 28 initiate an attack on the KB file. White
QxKBPch) 2 8 K-R3 is not good for must now refrain from 3 2 PxP on
Black, but after the correct 2 5 . . . RxR! account of 3 2 . . . R-KB l !
26 KxR Q-B 7ch! (not 26 . . . B-B4ch? 27
B-Q4) 2 7 Q-Q2 B-B4ch 2 8 K-N2 Q-K 5 ch 32 Q-Q2 ! Q-R6
29 K-R 3 Q-B4ch, White is faced with 33 Q-Q7 ! P-K84
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pts Prize
1 Rubinstein Yz 1 0 1 Yz 1 Yz Yz 1 Yz 0 1 1 1 Yz Yz Yz 1 Yz 1 2 Yz I
2 Nimzowitsch y, 0 0 1 1 y, 0 y, 1 1 1 1 y, y, y, y, 1 1 y, 12 I I , Ill
3 Spielmann 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 y, y, 1 y, y, y, 1 y, y, 1 y, 1 12 I I , III
4 Tarrasch y, 0 y, 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 y, 0 y, y, 1 1 1 1 1 1 \lz IV
5 Perlis y, y, 1 'h 0 'h 0 0 1 1h y, 1 y, y, y, y, 1 y, 'h 10 v
6 Marshall 0 y, 0 0 y, 0 1 0 0 y, y, 1 1 y, y, y, 1 1 9 \lz
7 Duras 1 0 0 0 y, y, y, 1 y, 0 'h 0 y, y, y, 1 0 1 y, 8 'h
8 Schlechter 0 0 'h 'h 'h 0 y, 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h y, y, 1 y, 'h 8
9 Teichmann y, 'h y, y, 'h y, 0 0 y, y, y, 'h y, 0 y, 'h y, 'h 'h 8
10 Leonhardt y, 0 0 0 0 y, 0 0 0 'h 0 0 1 0 0 y, 'h v. 1 5
11 Forgacs y, y, 0 0 'h 0 y, 'h y, 0 -
3
San Sebastian 1 9 1 2 63
34 N-83 Q-R4ch deprive the White king of the last pawn
35 K-N2 QxP protecting it.
36 Q-K6ch K-Rl 37 Q-R4
37 N-K2 38 R-Q7 R-Kl
39 N-84! RxQ
Preventing 37 . . . P-B S , which would 40 NxQ Resigns
15 St Petersburg 1 9 1 4
Drawing Variation-The Way to Victory
Since 1 9 1 1 , Lasker's dominance in world Capablanca did not falter either. He had
chess had not remained uncontested. A White against his main rivals and sub
great rival had entered the scene in the jected them to considerable pressure . In
person of the young Cuban grandmaster, fact he was within an ace of inflicting
J. R. Capablanca, and it seemed only a defeat on Lasker, which would have
matter of time before a world champion virtually decided the tournament.
ship match between them would take Towards the end of the first four
place. That the chess world had to wait rounds Lasker managed to reduce the
ten years for this meeting was mainly due lead by half a point, the scores being
to external circumstances. For four years Capablanca 1 1 , Lasker 10, A lekhin 8 'h,
there was a struggle on a much bigger Marshall 7, Tarrasch 6'1z.
chessboard, and altogether more than There were only four rounds to go
half a decade passed without a major when Lasker and Capablanca sat down to
chess event. play each o ther for the last time in the
Virtually on the eve of the less noble tournament. It was clear that Lasker's
world confron tation, Lasker and Capa only chance lay in winning that game.
blanca met in the strong St Petersburg This time he had White, but Capablanca
Grandmaster Tournament, for which was already well known for his excellent
invitations had only gone out to those technique and his powers of defence.
chess masters who had already had at How does one win a game that really
least one victory in an international has to be won? That is a problem of the
tournament to their credit. The system of most difficult kind. In fact, between
play was unusual. First, all eleven high-class players of the same level it is an
contestants played each other in a almost insoluble problem if one of the
one-round tournament; then the top five two is content with a draw. In such
went on to play a two-round final, the situations most chess players choose the
points obtained in the preliminary tourna obvious and logical way : they go in for
ment also being counted. sharp play. However, not everyone is a
At the end of the preliminary natural attacking player, and anyone who
tournament, the situation was fairly tries too much in a sphere in which he
clear : first, Capablanca with 8 points, does not feel at home has little chance of
equal second, Lasker and Tarrasch with success.
6'h points, equal fourth, Alekhin and Lasker's strength lay in positional
Marshall with 6 points. Bernstein, Rubin play, especially defence. This fact alone
stein, Nimzowitsch, Blackburne, reduced his prospects against such a
Janowski and Gunsberg were eliminated. perfect master of technique as Capa
In the first half of the restricted blanca. The world-champion, however,
tournament the position changed only had one advantage. There was one sphere
slightly. Lasker played with great elan. where he was undoubtedly superior to his
(His historic game against Alekhin is opponent-the field of psychology and its
found in many books of instru ction.) But application to chess. In a note to one of
St Petersburg 1 9 1 4 65
his games h e once wrote : "This move is In order to get a better understanding
very good against Tarrasch ; in the game of Lasker's strategy, let us have a close
against Janowski it would have been a look at the position in diagram 46.
grave error." Lasker did not consider a White has a favo urable pawn structure.
game of chess to be something objective, His k ing-side pawn majority will enable
bound by scientific laws. It was, rather, a him, after further simplification, to
fight waged by means of a strategy which advance his pawns and eventually attain
varied with the opponent and his an important strategic goal-the creation
momentary mental state. of a passed pawn. Black's queen-side
majority, on the other hand, suffers fro m
Ruy Lopez the fact that it includes doubled pawns
on the QB file, so that a passed pawn
Lasker Capablanca cannot be created without tactical
measures (support from pieces). I recom
1 P-K4 P-K4
mend the reader to make the following
2 N-K8 3 N-QB 3
interesting experiment: Remove all the
3 8-N S P-QR 3
pieces except the king and the pawns. It
4 BxN QPxB
is then quite easy to show that the pawn
5 P-Q4 PxP
ending is won for White.
6 QxP QxQ
White's strategy in the diagrammed
7 NxQ
position is clear cut : he must exchange
There can be no doubt that the off as many pieces as possible and after
opening moves, which had been awaited the simplification make use of his mobile
with enormous interest, proved to be a pawn majority. What should Black do ?
disappointment to the spectators. Even at His highest card is his bishop pair, for in
that time the exchange variation of the open positions two bishops are stronger
Ruy Lopez was considered to be a than a bishop and a knight. In order to
colourless drawing system . It looked very make use of this advantage he must be
much as if Lasker had given up the active and go on to the attack.
struggle to win the tournament and, by Capablanca, ho wever, had not had any
avoiding risks, was intent on making sure thoughts of attack in mind when he
of second prize. Yet nothing could be started the game. He had sat down at the
further from the truth. The choice of the chessboard intent o n avoiding compli
colourless opening system was in reality cations; he wanted to simplify and was
an ingenious idea : it was a psychological content to draw, seeing this as a means of
attack on his opponent. making sure of first place. But that is
exactly what Lasker had been counting
46. Lasker-Capablanca
on. The intentions of his opponent were
in complete contrast to the requirements
of the position on the board.
7 . . . 8-Q3
This quiet development move is not ,

of course, a mistake, but Black could
have continued much more energetically.
According to present-day theory both 7
.. B-Q2 8 B-K3 0-0-0 and 7 . . P-QB4 8
. .
Position after White's 7th move N-K2 B-Q2 followed by 0-0-0 are better.
8 N-Q8 3 N-K2 for Black to defend the point K3 . If now
9 0-0 0-0 1 5 . . . B-B l , White wins the QP by 1 6
10 N-N3 R-KI QR-Ql followed b y R-Q2 and KR-Ql .
Here Black could also have proceeded I6 N-K6 R-Q2

more actively. After 10 . . . P-KB4 he I7 QR-QI N-8I
would have gained more space for his I8 R-82 P-QN4
pieces, which is important if he wants to I9 R(82)-Q2 R(Q2)-K2
make the most of his two bishops.
The intermediary move 19 . . . P-N5
1 1 P-84 P-83 would have offered Black better pros
pects of holding out, for after 20 N-K2
Black could again have played I I QR-K2 he could advance his QBP, thus
P-KB4, which, after I 2 P-K5 B-QN 5 1 3 activating his bishop.
B-Q2 BxN I 4 BxB P-QN3 followed by
P-B4, would have given him a satisfactory 20 P-QN4! K-82
position. 2I P-QR 3 8-RI
22 K-82 R-R2
I2 P-85 ! ? 23 P-N4 P-R3
This move is at first sight a paradox, 24 R-Q3 P-QR4?
for White immobilizes his own KP. On Black's first really active move in this
the other hand, Black's pieces (with t he game is not particularly fortunate, for the
bishop on QBl and the knight on K2) are opening of the QR file will be to White's
very cramped. advantage. However, White could also
have played to open the QR file himself
I2 . . . P-QN 3
by means of P-QR4 and PxNP.
Strangely enough Capablanca fails to
produce a single good idea in the whole 25 P-KR4 PxP
26 PxP R(R2 )-K2
game. The bishop fianchetto is intended
to put pressure on the KP, but it merely 27 K-83
allows White's knight to penetrate to K6. The straightforward way is 27 R-KN l
After 12 . . . B-Q2 the game would still followed by P-N 5 . Lasker, however,
have been level. Another possibility is 1 2 obviously wants to get his king into the
. . . P-KN4! , as recommended by Reti. most active position possible before
Then after 1 3 PxP NxP 14 RxP B-K4 opening the game.
followed by BxN and RxP Black recovers
27 R-N I
his pawn.
2 8 K-84 P-N 3
I 3 8-84 8-N 2 ? 29 R-N 3 P-N4ch
Continuing his passive a n d faulty If White were now forced to exchange,

strategy. With 1 3 . . . BxB 14 RxB B-Q2 Black's troubles would be at an end ; e.g.
followed by QR-Ql Black would still 30 PxP RPxPch 3 1 K-B 3 R-R l . By
have had chances of equalizing. delaying the exchange for one move,
however, White gains control of the rook
I4 8x8! Px8
file himself.
I 5 N-Q4 QR-QI
The alternative 29 . . . PxP would not
By exchanging on Q6 White has save Black, for White then plays KPxP
undoubled his opponent's pawns. How followed by N-K2-Q4 and R (Ql )-KN l ,
ever, Black's QP is now a serious preparing the break-through P-KN 5 ,
weakness, and in addition there is no way which would give him a vicious attack.
St Petersburg 1914 67
30 K-8 3 ! N-N 3 ! tactical manoeuvre 3 3 R-R7ch K-Kl 3 4
R-QR l ! B-N2 3 5 N-B7ch K-Q2 3 6 RxRch
O f course, not 3 0 . . . PxP 3 1 R-R3
KxR 37 R-R7 R-QN l 3 8 N-R6, winning.
followed by RxRP, after which the KRP
is soon lost. The text-move is an attempt 33 K-N 3 ! K-Kl
to gain counter-play in return for a pawn. 34 R(Ql )-KRl 8-N2
If now 3 1 RxP, then 3 1 . . . N-B 5 3 5 P-KS
followed by N-K4ch .
The only inactive White piece is the
3 1 PxP RPxP knight on QB 3 , which is now brought
32 R·R3 R-Q2 into action by means of this typical
break-through. The idea behind White's
If Black had not opened the QR file he 3 3 rd move now becomes clear.
could now have played 3 2 . . . N-B 5 ,
which is, however, faulty i n the present 35 QPxP
situation because of the interesting 3 6 N-K4 N-Q4
37 N(K6)-85 !
4 7. Lasker-Capablanca
For fully twenty moves this knight
remained on its advanced post. Now it
nets White the exchange, for the rook
cannot be withdrawn because of 38 NxB
RxN 39 N-Q6ch.
37 8-81
38 NxR 8xN
39 R-R7 R-81
40 R-QRl K-Ql
41 R-QRSch 8-81
Position after Black's 3 4th move 42 N-85 Resigns
St Petersburg 1 9 1 4
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pts
1 Capablanca 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 1 1 1 8
2 Lasker 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 v.. 1 1 1 6'h
3 Tarrasch v.. 'h 'h v.. 1 'h 1 1 0 1 6'h
4 Alekhin 0 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 1 6
5 Marshall 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 1 1 'h 6
6 Bernstein 0 1 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1 5
7 Rubinstein 'h 0 v.. 0 'h v.. v.. v.. 1 1 5
8 Nimzowitsch 0 v.. 0 'h y, 'h 'h 0 'h 1 4
9 B lackburne 0 0 0 v.. 0 'h v.. 0 3 V..
10 Janowski 0 0 1 v.. 0 0 0 v.. 1 v.. 3 'h
1 1 Gunsberg 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 0 'h 1
After the first part of the tournament the top five played a double round all-play-all for the prizes, the
results from the preliminary being added to their scores.
Prelim 2 3 4 5 Pts Prize

1 Lasker 6Y2 v.. 1 1 1 1 v.. 1 1 1 3 'h I
2 Capablanca 8 'h 0 v.. 1 1 0 1 1 13 II
3 Alekhin 6 0 0 'h 0 1 1 1 v.. 10 III
4 Tarrasch 611. 0 v.. 0 1 0 0 0 'h 8'h IV
5 Marshall 6 0 0 0 0 0 v.. 1 'h 8 v
With this victory Lasker caught up 10, Tarrasch 8Y.z, Marshall 8. The decisive
with his rival, who was so depressed that, game is still regarded as one of the finest
on the following day, he lost with the examples of a game conducted on
white pieces to Tarrasch . The final result psychological principles.
was: Lasker 1 3Y.z, Capablanca 1 3 , Alekhin
Jr 6 Teplitz= Schonau 1 9 22
Dramatic Last Round
In the Teplitz Tournament played in 48. Reti-Griinfeld

October 1 92 2 some notable grandmasters
were missing : Capablanca, Lasker,
Alekhin, B ogoljubov, Nimzowitsch and
Vidmar. Nevertheless it was in its way an
important tournament, for it was one of
the first confrontations between the
representatives of the neo-romantic
school, led by Reti and Tartakower, and
the grandmasters of the pre-war genera
tion, for example Tarrasch and Teich
mann, both of whom had passed their
peak. Rubinstein does not fit snugly into Position after Black's 4 1 st move
either of these categories. To judge from
his style he belonged to the new key game ended in a draw following a
generation ; on the other hand, he had complicated positional struggle. The
already notched up a number of im critical point was reached after Black's
portant victories before the war and was 4 1 st move (diagram 48). Here White can
considered by many to have been the sacrifice a piece for three pawns: 42 BxP ! ?
world 's number two of the pre-war period PxB 4 3 QxBPch K-N l 44 QxP. Sub
(behind Lasker). sequent analysis showed that Black would
For almost the whole of the tourna then have had to defend very accurately,
ment the running was made by two the only way being 44 . . . N-B 2 ! , e.g. 4 5
players of completely different styles, the BxNch KxB 46 Q-N 3 ( 4 6 P-Q6 Q-B 3 ! ) 4 6
classical romantic with a fondness for . . . Q-R3 ! 4 7 P-K5 Q-R7ch 48 K-B 3
aggressive chess, Spielmann, and the Q-Q7 , after which White i s forced to take
neo-romantic Tartakower. With one round perpetual check. Or 45 Q-N 3 N-N4! 46
to go they were caught by Reti, all three P-B 6 B-Q3 ! 47 QxB (47 P-K5 Q-R l ! ) 47
players having scored 81/z from twelve . . . QxPch , again with perpetual check. In
games. Half a point behind were Rubin such an important game Reti could not
stein and Griinfeld, both of whom had bring himself to risk playing for the win
only theoretical chances of ending up in in this way-which actually was no risk at
first place, for it was unlikely that none all-and the draw was agreed after the
of the leading three would win his game. following moves : 42 K-83 K-N l 43 Q-B2
Rubinstein once again demonstrated Q-R 3 44 8-85 Q-R8 45 8xN QxPch 46
that such situations did not appeal to him Q-K3 ! QxQch 47 KxQ BxB 48 B-K8
or his nerves. He had B lack against Kostic draw.
and, after a series of complications, he Spielmann in his game was lucky to
blundered away a piece on the 47th move save half a point. He had Black in the
in an unclear position, resigning a few position in diagram 49, which in spite of
moves later. the unlike bishops is favourable to White
Reti had White against Griinfeld. This in view of the weaknesses on Black's
This opening, which had previously
been neglected, was adopted by both
Tartakower and Nimzowitsch. It fitted
in with the ideas of the "neo-romantics",
according to whom a more effective
strategy than the traditional fight for
control of the centre should be aimed at.
This consisted in allowing the opponent
to set up a pawn centre and then seeking
to control the centre squares from the
wmgs.
Position after White's 22nd move 1 . . . P-Q4

Black to play 2 N·KB3 P·KN 3
queen-side. As White has the unpleasant One of the most effective defences
threat of 23 P-QR4 (after moves like 22 against this opening. Black makes it
. . . Q-Ql ) , the logical continuation for difficult for his opponent to fianchetto
Black is 22 . . . QR-K l , after which White his queen's bishop, a course which in
can, however, play 23 B-K4 Q-K2 24 some variations is very strong, e.g. 2 . . .
QR-Kl Q-B 3 25 B-N 7 . Instead of P-QB4 3 P-K3 N-QB 3 4 B-N 5 B-Q2 5
choosing this line Spielmann made a P-QN3 P-K3 6 B-N 2 . A defence which has
'
blunder that, far from harming him , been popular of late is 2 . . . N-KB 3 .
actually proved beneficial. He played 22 3 P·K3
. . . KR·Kl , whereupon his opponent
missed the correct reply, the game ending Probably m ore promising than 3
in a draw after 23 QR·Kl ? K·Bl 24 K·Bl P-KN3 followed by B-N2.
(24 B-K4 QR-Ql 2 5 B-B6 RxR) 24 . . . 3 B·N2
QR·Bl 2 5 RxRch RxR 26 RxRch QxR 4 P-Q4
2 7 Q·K4 QxQ 28 BxQ. What White failed
to see is that after 2 3 B-K4! Black has to Tartakower decides to adopt the
give up the exchange by 2 3 . . . RxB in Stonewall System , a line c ommonly
view of the decisive threat 24 B·B6, chosen by Black in the Dutch Defence
which cannot be countered by 2 3 . . . after 1 P-Q4 P-KB4. Another possibility is
Q-K2 because o f 24 P-B 6 ! PxP 2 5 BxPch, to copy B lack's moves in the closed
winning the queen. system of the Dutch, e.g. 4 B-K2 N·KB3
5 0-0 0-0 6 P-Q3 . In neither of these
Of the three leaders, Tanakower had cases, however, does the additional tempo
the best chance of winning. He was that White has, compared with Black in
opposed by Teichmann, a master of the the Dutch , suffice to achieve the
older generation whose chess career was initiative.
drawing to a close and who in this
tournament had at the most prospects of 4 N·KB3
gaining the last ( seventh) prize. Moreover, 5 B·Q3
Tanakower had White. This looks more active than 5 B-K 2 ,
though i t has its disadvantages, o n e of
Bird's Opening
them being that Black can oppose the
bishop with his own (5 . . . B-B4 ) . The
Tartakower Teichmann
pawn weakness that Black gets after the
1 P-KB4 exchange of bishops (6 BxB PxB) is less
Teplitz-Schonau 1 922 71
important than the fact that he has got 1 5 N-83 N-83
rid of his opponent's active p iece and has 16 NxNch PxN ! ?
increased his control over K 5 .
This move i s not actually bad : Black
5 . .
. 0-0 gives his opponent a passed pawn, but in
6 QN-Q2 P-N3 return gets pressure along the K-file on
7 Q-K2 P-84 his opponent's weak KP. However, it
8 P-83 8-N2 would have been simpler to take with the
9 0-0 N-K5 bishop and then play P-K3 and Q-B 2 .
White would then have had no real
50. Tartakower-Teichmann
chances on the king's wing in spite of the
needless weakness caused by Black's 1 4
. . . P-KR 3 .
17 8-QZ R-Kl
18 R-Ql QR-Bl
19 8-81 Q-K2
20 P-Q5
If White tries 20 P-B4, with the

intention of getting a protected passed
pawn by P-Q5 , Black continues 20 . . .
PxP 2 1 PxP Q-K 7 ! But after the
A further disadvantage of White's fifth
text-move, Black can stop White from
move ( B-Q3 ) becomes apparent. Black
protecting his passed pawn, which can
does not need to worry about NxN,
then be subjected to attack.
which means that his knight is secure on
its advanced post. 20 P-85 !
21 N-Q4 Q-Q2
1 0 BxN?
22 N-86 P-QN4
It is not clear whether this move is a
blunder or a dubious combination. The simplest way to win is to return
Whatever it is, White loses either a pawn the exchange and exploit the passive
or the exchange without any adequate position of White's queen's bishop. True,
positional compensation. this should not be done at once ( 2 2 . . .
RxN? 2 3 PxR QxP 24 R-Q4 P-QN4 2 5
10 PxB
Q-B 3 ! ) , but should b e preceded b y 2 2 . . .
11 N-N5 8-QR3
R-K5 ! , after which White soon gets into a
12 Q-82
It would be hopeless to give up the 5 1 . Tartakower-Teichmann

pawn by 12 P-B4 PxP 1 3 QNxP P-Q6
followed by 14 . . . BxBP. After the
text-move White at least gets a pawn for
the exchange and can maintain his pawn
structure in the centre.
12 BxR
1 3 QxB N-Q2
14 QNxP P-KR3
A superfluous move. After 14 . . .

N-B 3 1 5 NxNch BxN (or PxN) the knight
would have to retreat in any case. Position after White's 24th move
hopeless position, e.g. 23 P-QN3 RxN ! 24 king ' s wing and practically freed himself
PxR QxP 25 PxP RxQBP 2 6 B-Q2 P-B4 of all his troubles.
or 25 P-QN4 P-B4 26 Q-Kl (26 B-Q2
30 . . . P -R5 !
Q-R 5 ) 26 . . . Q-R5 2 7 R-Q2 ( 2 7 Q-Q2
3 1 8·85 K·N l ?
BxP ! or 27 P-QR3 Q-N6) 27 . . . K-R2 !
Black still does not see the right
2 3 P-QN 3 R-K5
continuation and unnecessarily loses two
24 8-R 3 !
tempi, a fact which Tartakower correctly
One of Tartakower's strongest uses to secure his position on the other
weapons throughout his career was the wmg.
ingenious tactical trap. Here he tries to
32 P·R4! K-R2
induce his opponent to go in for the
33 P-QR5 P-N4!
following combination : 24 . . . RxKP 25
PxP RxP 26 N-K7ch K-R2 27 NxR RxB ,
This should , of course, have been
and the White knight is lost. It is by no
played two moves earlier.
means easy to resist such a temptation
and calculate a little further, after which 34 8-N6 P-N 5
the result looks very different : 28 P-Q6 3 5 N-N4 K-N 3
QxN 29 P-Q7 Q-Ql 3 0 Q-K2 followed by 36 NxP PxPch
3 1 Q-K8, winning.
5 2 . Tartakower-Teichmann
24 P-84
25 PxP PxP
26 8-N4 K·R2
27 Q-Kl P-RH
The point of White's last move was to

relieve the bishop of the duty of
defending the QBP so that it could be
moved to QB 5 , attacking Black's QRP.
Black therefore decides to take p reventive
action. However, it is pointless to waste
time defending the unimportant QRP ;
there was a much quicker way to victory As a result of Black's indecision, the
by 27 . . . QR-Kl 28 B-B5 RxBP 29 BxP scene has changed considerably : White
R( B 5 )-K5 , threatening P-B 5 . has two passed pawns, and Black's only
chance lies in a king-side attack. The
2 8 Q-Q2 8·83
apparently logical 3 7 PxP is a mistake, as
29 P·N 3 P·KR4?
the game shows. After the correct 3 7
This should have robbed Black of all KxP! Black would have been hard put to
winning chances. Attack on the king-side it to save the game, getting into dif
is, it is true, the only effective plan. But ficulty, for example, by 3 7 . . . R-KRl 3 8
the order of moves is wrong. Correct is K-N2 ! ( 3 8 N-B 5 ? Q-K l 39 NxR QxN ,
first 29 . . . P-KN4 followed by P-N 5 , and etc.) 38 . . . Q-Kl 39 N-B7 Q-KB l 40
only then P-KR4 and P-R5 . P-R6 Q-R3 4 1 K-N l P-N6 42 P-R 7 . His
best continuation is 37 . . . B-K2 ! 3 8
30 K-82 ?
P-Q6 Q-N 2 ! 3 9 PxB RxP(K2) 40 P-K4 !
A mistake that can only be attributed QxN (40 . . . QxP 41 Q-KN 2 ) 41 PxPch
to time-trouble and nervousness. By 3 0 K-R2 , when he should get a draw even
P·KR4! White could have secured the though White has the better position.
Teplitz-Schonau 1 922 73
3 7 PxP? R- KRl 39 . . . 8xP
38 K-N 2 ?
A pretty move ; after 4 0 QxB QxP 41
After this second mistake there is no N-N4 Q-R l White has no defence to the
saving the game. Correct was 38 R-KN l withdrawal of Black's rook. There was,
R-R7ch 39 R-N2 R-R8 ! 40 R-N l ! R-R7ch, however, a quicker, and no less elegant
with a draw by repetition. win by 39 . . . R-Q5 !
38 R-R6 40 N-8 5 ! 8xQ

3 9 R-KRl 41 NxQ RxR
42 KxR P-86
It is too late to try and exchange off 43 N-85 P- 87
the Black rook, but there is no other 44 N-N3 R-N5
adequate defence, for Black is threatening 45 P-Q.6 RxN
Q-Kl followed by Q-KR l , and if 3 9 46 P-Q.7 P-88=Qch
N-B 5 , 39 . . Q-K l is also decisive.
. 47 Resigns
Teplitz-Schonau 1 9 2 2
2 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 4 Pts Prize
1 Reti 1 Y.z 1 1 1 Y.z 1 0 0 1 0 9 I, I I
2 Spielmann 0 1 Y.z Y.z 1 11.z 1 1 Y.z 1 Y.z Y.z 1 9 I, I I
3 Griinfeld Y.z 0 Y.z Y.z 1 Y.z 1 Y.z Y.z 1 1 Y.z 1 8112 III, IV
4 Tartakower 0 Y.z 1;, 1 0 0 1 1 1 Y.z g11.z I I I , IV
S Rubinstein 0 Y.z Y.z 0 0 1 Y.z 1 1 Y.z 1 8 v
6 Kostic 0 0 0 0 1 Y.z 1 1 Y.z Y.z Y.z Y.z 6Y.z VI
7 Teichmann 0 Y.z Y.z 1 0 0 Y.z Y.z Y.z Y.z 1 Y.z Y.z 6 VII
8 Maroczy Y.z 0 0 0 0 Y.z Y.z 1 1;, 1 0 Y.z 1 S Y..
9 Treybal 0 0 Y.z 1 Y.z 0 11.z 0 1 1 0 1 0 S Y..
10 Wolf 1 11.z Y.z 0 0 0 Y.z Y.z 0 Y.z Y.z Y.z 1 S Y..
1 1 Mieses 1 0 0 0 0 Y.z 11.z 0 0 Y.z 1 Y.z 1 s
1 2 Siimisch 0 Y.z 0 0 Y.z Y.z 0 1 1 11.z 0 0 1 s
1 3 Tarrasch 0 11.z Y.z 0 0 Y.z Y.z Y.z 0 Y.z Y.z 1 11.z s
1 4 Johner 1 0 0 1;., 0 Y.z Y.z 0 1 0 0 0 Y.z 4
17 New York 1 9 24
Victory i n D anger
Capablanca had been world champion for behind Lasker and only half a point
three years, but in the chess world his ahead of Reti.
dominance was not beyond all doubt. His It soon became apparent, however,
match with Lasker in 1 9 2 1 had not had that the world champion intended to
the appearance of a real fight. On that fight hard. He proceeded to win three
occasion it had seemed as if Lasker had games in a row, the last in a dramatic
handed over his title rather than losing it encounter with Lasker. Typically, the
in a match between equals. Nor had the latter refused to be intimidated and by
1914 St Petersburg Grandmaster Tourna the beginning of the nineteenth round
ment been forgotten, in which the ex had again achieved a lead of one point. In
world champion with a unique show of that round, however, he was in danger,
will-power had defeated and overtaken for both his game and Capablanca's could
his great opponent. The question Capa have easily ended differently.
blanca or Lasker had not been unequi
vocally decided . 5 3 . Yates-Capablanca
On 1 5 March 1924 in New York,
eleven of the very top grandmasters and
masters met in a tournament that turned
out to be a further round in the duel
between the two giants of the early
twentieth century. Only Nimzowitsch
and R ubinstein were missing, and this, in
view of the other participants, was not
sufficient to detract from the enormous
importance of the tournament.
The final table gives no indication of
the dramatic struggle for first place, and In the opening Capablanca had secured
yet the tournament was marked by a duel the two bishops, which gave him a dis
which was much closer than the result tinct advantage. Now he exploits the
suggests. In the penultimate round exposed position of Black's rook by
Lasker's victory was in great danger. means of a pawn sacrifice.
In the first half of the tournament the
21 P-Q.4 !
ex-world champion produced a magnifi
22 RxP Q-K2?
cent performance. He scored 7Yi points
from ten games and was the only com An inaccuracy. The correct way to
petitor to go through undefeated. Capa exploit the exposed rook is 22 . . . B-K2 ! ,
blanca suffered a defeat at the hands of threatening N-Q6 o r N-K 3 . Black then
Reri in the fourth round, the game later attains a decisive advantage, as the follow
appearing in many books of tuition as an ing variations, given by Alekhin, show :
example of the strategical concept of the (i) 23 P-N4 N-K3 24 R-N7 RxB 2 5
neo-romantics. He remained one point PxB B-B4 2 6 N-K4 PxN! 2 7 RxQ RxR 2 8
New York 1 924 75
QxP RxBP or 26 R-B l RxR 27 QxR by Nimzowitsch, was still in its infancy.
Q-B l ! threatening QxR and BxPch. Lasker never bothered much about the
(ii) 23 N-B4 BxN 24 PxB N-Q6 ! 25 latest discoveries of chess fashion , a fact
BxN BxR 26 QxB Q-N4ch 27 K-Rl PxN which led to several unpleasant defeats.
and wins.
4 P-K5 P-Q84
23 Nx8 ! 5 P-QR3
This shows up the difference between Partly as a result of this game, 5 B-Q2
22 . . . Q-K2 and B-K2. By means of a was, for some time, considered stronger
simple tactical thrust, White forces a and more solid.
draw. In the tournament book Alekhin
5 PxP
maintained that Black could have PxN
6 Px8
retained winning chances by playing 2 3
7 PxP?
. . . QxN. He then analysed the pos
sibilities arising from 24 P-KN4 B-N3 2 5 It was later discovered that Black
BxB BPxB! H e overlooked, however, should reply to 5 P-QR3 by 5 . . . BxN
that White does not need to weaken his and not, as in this game, by 5 . . . PxP.
king-side but can cope with all tactical The reason is that White could now either
threats by 24 R-B l . If then 24 . . . B-N 3 , go in for the very promising pawn sacri
White first plays 2 5 R-N4 and then BxB . fice 7 N-B3 Q-B 2 8 Q-Q.4 ! N-K2 9 B-Q3
N-Q2 10 0-0 PxP 1 1 BxP, which gives him
23 8xR excellent attacking chances, or continue 7
24 8xPch K-Rl Q-N4 K-B l 8 N-B 3 , which may even be
2 5 R-KR4! better. The move played by Lasker, 7
PxP, is a serio us waste of time, for White
But not 25 P-B4 P-N3 26 Q-R4 B-R4
has no good way of holding the pawn on
27 P-KN4 N-K3 ! 28 PxB NxN 29 PxN
QB 3 .
QxKP 30 PxP Q-K6ch, and Black wins.
7 . . . Q-82
25 QxN
8 N-83 N-K2 !
26 P- 84 Q-K2
27 8-82dis ch K-N l White's weak pawn on QB 3 cannot run
28 8-R7ch K-Rl away; Black therefore first goes after the
29 8-82dis ch more important KP.
Drawn
9 8-Q3 N-N3
10 0-0! N-Q2
Capablanca thus unnecessarily
dropped half a point. Lasker, on the Black wisely refrains from capturing
other hand, was blessed by good fortune the KP , for the continuation 10 . . . NxP
in his game and gained the full point. 1 1 B-KB4 NxNch ( 1 1 . . . P-B 3 12 NxN
PxN 1 3 Q-R5 ch ) 1 2 QxN P-K4 ( 1 2 . . .
French Defence Q-K2 1 3 Q-N 3 N-B3 14 QxP) 1 3 KR-Kl
P-B 3 14 QxP would be favourable to
Lasker Maroczy White.
1 P-K4 P-K3 1 1 R-Kl

2 P -Q.4 P-Q4
White can only avoid the loss of a
3 N-Q.8 3 8-N5
pawn by giving up his active bishop, but
A t the time the game was played this then, after 1 1 BxN RPxB 12 Q-Q.4 N-N3
system, which was adopted consistently followed by B-Q2 , Black has the advan-
tage thanks to his control of the weak Maroczy quietly improves the position
points QN4 and QB 5 . After the text of his pieces and prepares to return the
move, taking the KP is not good ( 1 1 . . . pawn, after which he succeeds in gaining
QNxKP 1 2 NxN NxN 1 3 B-KB4), so the initiative. That is a well-known
Black must content himself with lesser counter to opening gambits, and Mar6czy
things. was one of the first masters to perfect the
idea.
11 QxBP
The tactical considerations behind the
12 B-Q2 Q-B2
move can be seen from the following
13 Q-K2 0-0
variation : 20 N-Q4 B-Kl 2 1 P-N5 NxP !
14 Q-K3 N-N3
(2 1 . . . P-B 3 22 Q-R 3 ) 22 PxP P-B4 2 3
15 Q-N 5 N-QB5
Q-N5 N(K2)-N 3 , and Black escapes by a
16 B-B 3
hair's breadth.
On 16 B-QB l Lasker was obviously
20 P-N5 P-KN 3 !
afraid of 16 . . . P-B3 ! 1 7 PxP PxP (better
21 QxRP N-N 3 !
than 17 . . . RxP 18 Q-R5 ) 18 Q-R 5 Q-B2
or 1 8 Q-R6 Q-N2, though it is quite A ri excellent defensive manoeuvre.
possible that this line would have given After the exchange of bishops White's
him more attacking chances than the one attack is virtually at an end, whereupon
he chose in the game. he is left with incurable pawn weaknesses.
16 . . . P-KR3 ! 22 R-R3 BxB

23 PxB N-B4
Black can only play this move because
24 Q-R3 Q-K2?
the White bishop has left the diagonal
QB 1 -KR6. The reply 1 7 Q-R 5 is not Here Black begins to play irresolutely
possible because of 1 7 . . . N-B 5 . and gradually throws away his advantage.
The open QB file is an important opera
1 7 Q-N4 N-K2 tion base, and its control would soon lead
1 8 Q-R5 B-Q2 to a decisive advantage. Alekhin gives the
1 9 P-N4 following continuation : 24 . . . N-QR5 2 5
R-QB l P-N4 2 6 B-Q2 Q-N 3 27 R-R2
54. Lasker-Mar6czy
KR-B l 28 R(R2 )-B2 Q-N 2 , etc.
Just as good is the continuation 24 . . .
KR- B l , e.g. 2 5 R-QB l Q-Q2 followed by
N-QR 5 . In both cases Black can soon
bring about an exchange of rooks and
reach an endgame which, in view of his
superiority on the queen's wing, is clearly
advantageous to him.
25 Q-N4 K-N2
There was still time for 2 5 . . . KR-B l .

Black's position now looks precarious 26 KR-Rl KR-Bl
in view of the threat 20 P-KN 5 . But here 27 P-R4 N-R5 !
an old m axim proves true: the best 28 B-Q2 P-N4
defence to som e threats is simply to 29 R(R3)-R2 R-Rl
ignore them. 30 K-N2
19 . . . B-N4! White, who is not quite out of the

New Yo rk 1 924 77
wood yet, could not solve all his prob 36 R(R2)-Rl QxP?
lems by exchanging knights: 30 N-Q 4
The first o f a series o f mistakes that
NxN 3 1 QxN QR-QB l . On the other
loses the game and assures his opponent
hand, after the text-move, the king is
of first place in the tournament. There
ill-placed on KN2 , a fact which Black was still a win to be had by 36 . . . R-B 7 ,
should exploit by means of the man
e.g. 3 7 B-B4 Q-Q4ch 3 8 K-N3 N-B 6, with
oeuvre Q-Q2 , P-Q5 , Q-Q4.
the irresistible threat of 39 . . . N-K7ch.
30 QR-Q.8 1 Or 37 QR-Ql Q-Q4ch 38 P-B 3 QxKP 39
31 R-Rl Q-82 ? K-B l N-B 6 40 R-Kl Q-Q4, winning.
An unnecessary loss of tempo. The 37 QR-Kl Q-Q4ch

immediate 3 1 . . . Q-Q.2 was called for. 38 K-N 3
Now White succeeds in levelling the game.
The disappearance of the KP has
32 N-Q4! Q-Q.2
proved advantageous to White, for now
When making his previous move there is the threat of 39 B-B4 followed by
Mar6czy had obviously overlooked the B-K5 ch .
fact that White's KP cannot be taken, for
after 32 . . . QxKP 3 3 N-B 3 Q-Q3 3 4 38 KR-Kl
39 P-R5 ! PxP
B-B4 followed b y 3 5 B-K5ch White wins
the exchange. 40 RxR RxR
41 RxP N-86?
3 3 NxNch KPxN
34 Q-Q.4 Q-K3 White would have had a much tougher
task after 41 . . . P-KB 5 ch ! , in reply to
5 5 . Lasker-Mar6czy which both 42 BxP R-K8 and 42 KxP
R-K7 would lose. White's best reply is 42
K-R4 ! , after which Black has no time for
a qu iet queen move (Q-B6 or Q-N7) on
account of the danger to his pawn on Q5 .
By checking, however, he could get a
draw, though nothing more: 42 . . .
Q-R8ch 43 K-N4 Q-N 7ch 44 K-B 5
Q-Q4ch 45 K-N4 R-K7 46 Q-N 8 .
42 Q-N6 N-K7ch
43 K-R2 Q-K 3 ? ?
35 QxRP?
This incomprehensible move leads t o a
Lasker considers the situation ripe for
loss. Instead 43 . . . R-K3 ! 44 Q-N 8
an attempt to seize the initiative and in
Q-Q3 ch 4 5 QxQ RxQ 4 6 K-N2 R-QR3 47
doing so makes one of those mistakes
R-R4 R-R7 would have resulted in a
that have so often led to victory. Dis
drawn ending.
turbing the equilibrium of the position
often upsets the opponent to an extent 44 QxNP ! Q-Q3ch
that is more significant than the posi 45 K-N2 N-85ch
tional or material disadvantage incurred.
It is difficult to understand what Black
35 . . . P-Q.5 ! had in mind when making his 43rd move.
Of course, not 3 5 . . . QxP � ? 3 6 B-K3 , At any rate he gets no compensation for
etc. the pawn, since both kings are equally
exposed. The text-move leads to a queen 47 QxR Q-N S ch
ending m which Black loses another 48 K-B l QxR
pawn. 49 Q-KS ch K-N l
46 BxN QxB 50 QxBP Resi!Jls
New York 1 924
2 3 4 s 6 7 8 9 10 11 Pts Prize
1 Lasker 'h 0 1 11.z 'h 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 1 16 I
2 Capablanca 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 1 1 1 1 1 1 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 4\1.z II
3 Alekhin 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 0 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 1 1 12 III
4 Marshall 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 0 'h 0 1 'h 0 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 11 IV
s Reti 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 l O'h v
6 Maroczy 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 1 Yz 'h 'h 0 1 'h Yz 1 1 'h 1 1 0 10
7 Bogoljubov 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 'h 1 0 1 9'/z
8 Tartakower 'h 0 0 0 Yz 'h 'h 1 0 0 'h 'h 1 0 1 0 'h 0 Yz 1 8
9 Yates 'h 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 'h 1 7
10 Ed. Lasker 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 0 1 'h 0 'h 0 11.z 1 0 0 0 Yz 611.z
11 Janowski 0 0 11.z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 Yz 0 Yz 0 1 'h s
International Tournament�
Semmering 1 926
Sensational Victory b y an Outsider
It was the intention of the organizers of tim es nervous fight for top place was
the tournament at the Austrian mountain Tartakower. In the twelfth round he lost
hotel of Panhans on the Semmering to to Reti in an endgame with b ishops of
bring together the elite of the chess opposite colours which could have been
world. Only after the withdrawal of drawn in several ways. The same round
Capablanca and Lasker and the refusal of also proved tragic for Nimzowitsch.
the Soviet chess organization to allow As a result of an earlier positional
Bogolyubov to participate was a player advantage Black is a pawn up. He now
brought in who had originally been left breaks open White's king-side position,
out because of his poor results prior to which induces the latter to go in for a
the tournament. That player proved to be desperate counter-action.
the eventual winner. Although not an
33 P-R5 !
unique case-there had been doubts as to
34 P-Q.5 ! ? PxNP
Capablanca's skill prior to the San
3 5 N-Q.4 QxBP
Sebastian tournament-it was nevertheless
36 R-KB l Q-Q.3 ? ?
unusual.
The tournament was played from 6 to This converts a won position into a
30 March 1926, and the closing phase was lost one. After the correct 3 6 . . . Q-K4 !
exceptionally dramatic. After the the game would have been virtually
eleventh round Tartakower was in the decided (e.g. 3 7 N(Q2 )-B3 Q-Q3 ! 3 8 PxP
lead with 9 points, ahead of Nimzowitsch PxP 39 N-KN5 R-K l ) and N imzowitsch
( 8 'h ) , Spielmann and Alekhin (both 8). would have had good prospects of
The first four had opened up such a gap winning first prize.
from the rest of the field (Rubinstein,
Tarrasch and Vidmar 6'h each) that it was 37 N-K4 Q-82
almost certain that one of them would Here 3 7 . . . NxN is not possible
emerge victorious. because of 3 8 N-B5 dbl ch followed by
The first victim of the hard and at mate. And 3 7 . . . Q-K4 38 NxN NxN 3 9
56. Vidmar-Nimzowitsch NxPch loses Black his queen.
38 NxN NxN
39 N-N5
There was a quicker win to be had b y

39 NxPch PxN 4 0 QxNch K-Nl 4 1
QxNPch Q-KN2 4 2 QxKPch K-R l 43
R-B6 or 4 0 . . . K-R2 4 1 R-B4, etc. The
text-move, however, wins a piece without
complications.
39 Q·K2
Position after White's 3 3 rd move 40 P-Q.6 Q·Bl
41 QxNch K-N l threatening both 41 QxN and 41 Q-R8ch .
42 R-B4! R-Q.2 Black, however, has a pretty counter.
43 R-R4 Q-N2
40 B-N2 !
44 QxQch KxQ
41 QxB?
45 R-Q.4 P-R3
46 N-B7 K-B 3 This is being a little too ambitious.
47 R-Ql K-K4 Although a piece down Alekhin continues
48 N-K8 P-R4 to play for a win, trusting that Black's
49 KxP P-RS badly placed knights will be unable to
50 K-N4 P-R6 stop the White passed pawns. The correct
5 1 R-QRl ! K-QS continuation is 41 QxN! BxP 42 Q-QB 5 !
52 N-B6 ! RxP (not 42 Q-KB 5 ? B-K5 43 Q-B8ch K-R2
5 3 R-Qlch KxP and White loses his bishop on N2) 42 . . .
Q-K8ch 43 K-B4 B-K7ch 44 K-Q5 B-B6ch
If 5 3 . . . K-K4 , then 54 N-Q7ch, and
45 K-B4 Q-K7ch 46 K-B3 draw.
if 5 3 . . . K-B4, then 54 N-K4ch.
41 Q-K8ch
54 RxR P-R7 42 K-B4 QxR
55 R-B6ch ! K-N4 43 B-B3 Q-KB4
56 R-Bl K-RS 44 Q-N8ch K-R2
57 N-Q.7 P-QN4 45 P-RS QxBP
58 N-BSch K-R6 46 Q-B7 NxP
59 N-Q3 K-N6 47 K-N4 N-BS !
60 N-B S ch K-R6 48 K-R3 N-K3
61 N-Q.3 K-N6 49 Q-KS N-KS
62 K-B3 Resigns Q-Q.6
50 B-N4
5 1 K-R4 N-QS !
The other two leaders, Alekhin and
Spielmann, both won ( against Tarrasch Both knights have performed excel
and Kmoch respectively) in spite of lently, which enables Black to win the
having Black. But in the next round game.
Alekhin dropped out of the race. He lost 52 Q-QS P-B4
to Nimzowitsch's conqueror, not, how 53 Q-B4 Q-Q.8
ever, as the result of a blunder but 54 B-R3 Q-QR8
through trying too hard for a win. 55 P-R6 N-QB6ch
56 K-N4 N-B7ch
5 7 . Alekhin-Vidmar QxBch
57 K-BS
58 K-N6 N-K6!
59 Resigns
In the same round Spielmann drew
with Reri and Nimzowitsch with Kmoch.
By virtue of his victory over Vajda,
Tartakower took the lead with 10 points
followed by Spielmann with 9'h. The
next round brought these two together.
Whereas many of his grandmaster con
temporaries would h ave been content
It looks as if White's risky play in this with a lead of half a point and laid out
important game is paying off, for he is the key game of the tournament solidly,
In ternatio nal Tournament, Semmering 1 926 81
Tartakower decided to use the advantage 16 N·K4
of the White pieces to put matters 17 8·K2 8-84
beyond all doubt. 18 N-83 NxNch
19 8xN 8xN P!
Queen's Gambit 20 8xPch K·Rl
58. Tartakower-Spielmann
Tartakower Spielmann
1 N·K83 P-Q4
2 P-Q4 N·K83
3 P·84 P·K3
4 B-N 5 QN-Q2
5 P·K3 P-83
6 QN·Q2
Even at that time many masters con

sidered the orthodox Queen's Gambit to
be too hackneyed, which explains the
search for new paths. The development of
The first critical moment. White could
the knight to Q2 instead of QB3, how
now have played 2 1 BxR, e.g. 2 1 . . . QxB
ever, allows Black to reach equality at an
2 2 Q-N 3 (22 R·B4? R-Ql 23 Q-N3
early stage by means of the advance
B-Q6 ! ) 2 2 . . . BxR 23 RxB o r 2 1 . . .
P·QB4.
BxR 22 QxB QxB 2 3 Q-B 3 , when, in
6 P-KR3 view of the unlike bishops, a draw would
7 8·R4 8-K2 have been the likeliest outcome. The
8 8·Q3 0-0 attempt to seize the initiative ends badly,
9 0-0 P-84! for White fails to win the exchange and
10 R-8 1 P-QN 3 gives his opponent a positional advantage.
11 PxQP KPxP
12 N·K5( ? ) 21 R-84? R-81
22 P·K4 8-R2
This sharp continuation i s out o f key 23 Q·K2
with White's previous development
(QN·Q2 ). The less ambitious 12 Q·K2 White now has two threats, 24 QxB
followed by KR·Ql would have been and 24 B-N7, both of which Black
better. counters by means of an interesting
manoeuvre.
12 NxN
13 PxN N-N5 23 Q-83 !
14 .8·N 3 P-83 2 4 P·K5 Q·Ql !
15 PxP 8xP
16 P·KR 3 ( ? ) Now 2 5 B-N7 is answered by 25 . . .
B·Q6, when it i s Black who wins the
A n un necessary loss o f time, for the exchange. And 2 5 QxB QxB followed by
White bishop on Q3 will in any case have B-Q6 does not allow White to equalize
to be withdrawn to K2 on the next move. either.
By playing 1 6 B-K2 White would have
saved a whole tempo. It is possible that 25 R·Ql 8-Q5
Tartakower was afraid of 1 6 B-K2 P-KR4, 26 8-8 3
though he would then have had a good At this stage White should have opted
reply in 17 P·KR 3 P-R5 18 B·KB4. for an exchange sacrifice, viz. 26 QRxB
PxR 27 RxP, which would h ave given him 33 R-88?
more counter-play than he got in the Spielmann had obviously worked out
game. the queen sacrifice that this move in
volves. Such a course, however, unneces
26 Q-K2
2 7 8-N4 QR-Kl sarily makes the win more complicated.
Although neither 3 3 . . . Q-B 5 ch 34 B-N3
Of course, not 27 . . . B-B4? 28 BxB Q-B4 3 5 P-K6 nor 33 . . . R-R l 34 B-B 3
RxB 29 R(Ql)xB! etc. R-K l 3 5 B-QB6 is good for Black, the
deceptively passive retreat of the rook to
28 8-R5 R-Ql KNl wins easily, e.g. 3 3 . . . R-KN l ! 3 4
29 K-R2 ? B - N 3 B-KS ! threatening Q-B 7 .
A bad mistake, which leads to an
34 P-K6! Qx8
immediate loss of material. White intends
35 P-K7 Qx8
to play P-B4, which is the correct plan,
36 Q-Q8ch 8-Nl
but he goes wrong in preparing the way. 37 P-K8=Q QxQ
The king should have been played to KR l
38 QxQ P-85
and not KR2. The difference will become
apparent on the next m ove. Black has the better endgame, though,
in view of the mobility of his opponent's
29 . . . 8x8P!
queen, his advantage should not lead to a
If White's king were on KR 1 , this win. White, however, must not play pas
move would be wrong because of the sively, e.g. 39 Q-K 3 ? (the move recom
reply 30 RxR. As it is, the exchange of mended in the tournament book) 39 . . .
rooks is not possible because of 30 . . . R-QN8 ! (threatening R-N 7 ) 40 Q-Q4
BxBch. P-QN4! 4 1 P-N4 P-N5 42 P-KR4 P-B6 43
P-NS PxP 44 PxP P-B7 45 Q-R4ch B-R2
30 8x8 RxR 46 P-N6 R-KR8ch! winning.
31 8-R4
39 P-N4! P-86
The best chance. If instead 3 1 QxR
40 Q-Q88 R-86
RxB or 3 1 BxP PxB 3 2 QxR QxPch,
Black, although only a pawn to the good, Better than 40 . . . R-QB8 41 P-NS ! ,
has an easy win. when B lack cannot prevent perpetual
31 Q-K3 check after either 41 . . . P-B7 42 PxP or
32 QxR QxR 41 . . . PxP 42 Q-K8 .
3 3 Q-Q6 !
41 P-N5
5 9 . Tartakower-S pielmann
Even better is 41 P-KR4 ! , which forces
a draw if Black replies 41 . . . P-QN4 (42
P-N 5 ) . Black's best chance is instead 4 1
. . . R-B 5 42 QxBP RxP 43 Q-QR 3 !
RxPch 44 K-N3 or 4 3 . . . P-QR4 44
Q-K 7 , though even here a draw is likely.
41 . . . PxP
42 K·N 2 ?
After this mistake the game i s lost. A
much stronger line is 42 Q-K8 ! R-B3 43
International Tournament, Semmering 1 926 83
Q-QB8 ! , when Black has nothing better 6 0 . Spielmann-Nimzowitsch
than 42 . . . R-B7ch 43 K-N3 RxP 44
QxP . Then, in view of the threats Q-KS
and Q-B 3 , a draw seems likely.
42 R-Q6
43 Q-K8 R-Q3
44 Q-QB8 R-Q7ch
The difference between the line

chosen and the missed opportunity 42
Q-K8 ! is now clear. In the latter case the
king could have evaded the check by
Position after White's 1 7th move
moving to KN 3, attacking the rook at the
same time and thus preventing the pawn Black has a very promising game. If he
reaching the seventh rank. wants he can transpose into an ending in
which he has a slight advantage, e.g. 1 7
4S K-B3 P-B7 . . . QxPch 1 8 KxQ N-NSch 1 9 K-Nl NxQ
46 K-K3 20 PxB NxB 2 1 R-Kl B-B4. Or he can try
for even more by 1 7 . . . N-NS 18 Q-N 3
If 46 Q-K8 , Blad. wins by means of QR-B l 19 B-QB4 ( 1 9 P-B3 B-K3 2 0
the study-like 46 . . . R- Ql ! ! B-QB4 BxB 2 1 NxB RxN) 1 9 . . . B-KB4,
etc. I nstead he chooses a weak continua
46 . . . R-R7 tion.
47 P-KR4 R-R6ch
17 QR-Bl ?
48 K-K4
18 B-Q3 ! B-KB4
19 BxB RxB
A little better is 48 K-Q4 RxPch 49
20 Q-B4! P-N4
K-KS R-QBS SO Q-K8 R-KSch! S l KxR
21 Q-KN4 Q-B2
P-B8=Q S2 Q-R Sch B-R2ch, though Black 22 KR-N l !
still wins. After the text-move, however,
there is a quicker win by 48 . . . R-R8 ! 49 As White cannot in any case hold the
QxP B-R2ch. pawn in view of the threats N-NS and
N-K4, the best plan is to aim for a quick
48 RxPch mobilization of his pieces.
49 K-BS ?
22 N·NS
O r 49 K-KS R-QBS SO Q-K8 R-KSch ! , 23 P-B3 NxPch
etc. 24 K-Nl P-N S
The piece sacrifice on QB6 is in

49 R-R8! correct: 24 . . . NxPch 2S PxN RxQBP 26
SO Resigns B-Q4, etc.
Tartakower completed his unfortunate 2S B-Q4 B·N4?

hat-trick in the sixteenth round, losing
This move loses. I nstead 2S . . . B-B l !
to Alekhin. Spielmann, on the other
2 6 P-QB4 P-N 6! 2 7 NxP N-NS leaves the
hand, finished the tournament in top
game quite open.
form . In the last round he defeated his
other rival, Nimzowitsch, though 26 P-QB4 P-N6
admittedly not without a bit of luck. 27 N·K4!
Semmering 1 9 2 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Pts Prize
1 Spielmann Y.z 1 0 'h Y.z 1 Y.z 1 Y.z Y.z 1 13
2 Alekhin Y.z 0 0 1 1 1 1 Y.z 1 Y.z 0 1 1 1 1 2 Y.z II
3 Vidmar 0 1 1 Y.z 0 Y.z 1 Y.z 1 'h Y.z Y.z 12 Ill
4 Nimzowitsch 0 0 Y.z 1 Y.z 1 0 Y.z Y.z Y.z l l Y.z IV, V
5 Tarcakower 0 0 0 Y.z Y.z 0 1 1 1 Y.z 1 1 1 1 1 l l Y.z IV, V
6 Rubinstein 0 Y.z 0 Y.z Y.z 0 Y.z 0 1 Y.z 1 Y.z 1 10 VI, VII
7 Tarrasch Y.z 0 1 Y.z 0 Y.z 1 0 0 0 1 Y.z 1 1 1 10 VI, V I I
8 Reti Y.z 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 Y.z 1 Y.z 1 9 Y.z VIII
9 Griinfeld 0 0 Y.z 1 0 0 1 0 0 Y.z Y.z 1 1 1 Y.z 1 9 IX
10 J anowski 0 Y.z 0 0 0 1 0 Y.z 0 Y.z 0 1 1 1 1 8Y.z
11 Treybal 0 0 0 Y.z 0 'h 1 0 Y.z Y.z 1 1 1 0 1 'h Y.z 8
12 Vajda 0 Y.z Y.z 0 0 1 0 1 Y.z 1 0 0 Y.z Y.z Y.z Y.z 7 'h
1 3 Yates 0 0 0 0 Y.z 0 Y.z Y.z 0 Y.z 0 1 Y.z Y.z 1 1 7
14 Gilg 'h 0 0 0 Y.z 0 0 0 1 0 Y.z Y.z Y.z 0 Y.z 1 6
15 Kmoch 0 0 Y.z Y.z 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Y.z Y.z Y.z 'h 6
16 Davidson Y.z 0 0 'h 0 Y.z 0 Y.z 0 0 0 Y.z 0 1 0 1 1 S Y.z
17 Michel Y.z 0 'h 0 0 0 0 0 Y.z 0 Y.z 'h 0 Y.z Y.z 0 4Y.z
1 8 Rosselli 0 0 Y.z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Y.z 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

International Tournament, Semmering 1926 85
The end. White has th e two threats, 32 B-KSdis ch K-Bl
NxB and N-Q6 . 33 R-BSch QxR
34 NxQ RxP
27 . . . Q-N3
35 R-QSch Resigns
28 QxB ! RxQ
29 RxR Q-B2 With this victory the outsider, Spiel
30 N-Q6 QxKBP mann, overcame the last obstacle on his
31 BxNPch K-N l path to victory.
World Championship
Jr 927
Why Did Alekhin Win ?
The encounter between Capablanca and ability. They explain his defeat by saying
Alekhin in Buenos Aires in 192 7 is still that he did not prepare himself suf
considered by many to have been the ficiently for the match, that his opening
greatest of all world championship repertoire was not sophisticated enough
matches. or that he simply underestimated his
The Cuban grandmaster was at the opponent. My opm1on is that the
peak of his career. Since 192 1 , when he explanation for the unexpected result has
had won the title from Lasker without to be sought in the realm of psychology.
any great resistance on the latter's part, In the years preceding the match Capa
he had raced from success to success. For blanca had become so unaccustomed to
years he had not made a single serious losing that he was badly affected not only
mistake, and his opponents were faced by the loss of a game but also by any
with the seemingly impossible task of set-back at all, such as the failure to
beating a "chess machine", as he was exploit a decisive advantage, for example.
often called. The first game of the match was won
In February and March 1 9 2 7 there had by Alekhin. This did not upset Capa
been a match tournament contested by blanca as much as what later followed,
the strongest grandmasters of the time, for it was a chance result caused by a
the four-round system guaranteeing an blunder on the sixteenth move, and the
objective assessment of the individual reigning world champion succeeded in
performances. The result had been plain squaring the match in the third game. In
for all to see : Capablanca 14, Alekhin the sixth he successfully parried Alekhin's
l l 'h, Nimzowitsch l O 'h, Dr Vidmar 1 0 , violent attack, and thereafter there fol
Spielmann 8 , Marshall 6. Not only had lowed a series of draws. The first really
Capablanca succeeded in gaining first critical stage was reached in the eleventh
place ; he had also defeated each of the game. Capablanca came out of the
other contestants in their individual opening with a clear superiority in space,
matches. but as a result of three mistakes he
Six months later, on 1 6 September, conceded his opponent an unmistakable
the match between the top two in that advantage. Although Alekhin then played
tournament began. The victor was to be a little inaccurately, giving his opponent
the first player to win six games, irrespec drawing chances on several occasions, the
tive of the number of draws. This system latter failed to hold the game. This
seemed to be very much in favour of second defeat with White affected Capa
Capablanca, for no one could imagine blanca considerably . In the next game he
that a player who had hardly lost a game had a wonderful opportunity to square
for years could lose six in a single match. matters again, but he missed his way and
Even today there is no agreement on got no more than a draw. After a long
why Capablanca was defeated. Most chess series of draws, most of them colourless,
historians are of the opinion that in 1 9 2 7 Capablanca lost his third game, again with
Capablanca possessed the greater chess White. Of course, that did not by any
World Champ ionship 1927 87
means signify the end of the match. I n 7 8-Q3 8-K2
the 3 1 st game, with t h e score 4: 3 i n 8 KN-K2
Alekhin's favour, Capablanca was a pawn
Developing the knight o n K 2 has
up in the endgame, and the win was so
become popular here-mainly as a result
easy that even a player of much inferior
of Alekhin's success in this game.
playing strength should have had no
difficulty in winning. But two moves 8 0-0
before the time-check, he threw the win 9 N-N 3
away and with it the chance of squaring
Today 9 Q-B2 or 9 0-0 is usually
the match. Undoubtedly that was a great
played. The text-move is the prelude to a
disappointment for the Cuban, and he
king-side attack, which does not really
was clearly suffering from depression
correspond to the character of the
when, after a break of three days, the
position. White has the choice between
match was resumed. The game that
two logical plans: the preparation of the
follows was without doubt the one that
minority attack (P-QN4-N5 ) and an
virtually decided matters.
action in the centre (P-B3 and P-K4).
Queen's Gambit 9 . . . N-K1
Black could also play 9 . . . R-K1 10

Alekhin Capablanca
N-B5 B-B l .
1 P-Q4 P-Q4
10 P-KR4 ! QN-83 !
2 P-QB4 P-K3
3 N-QB3 N-KB3 Black reacts accurately to White's
4 B-N 5 QN-Q2 aggressive move. If instead 10 . . . P-KR 3 ,
5 P-K3 P-B3 White can successfully sacrifice his
bishop: 1 1 BxP! PxB 12 Q-R 5 .
The first surprise and at the same time
11 Q-82 8-K3
an indication of Capablanca's bad mental
state. Up to this moment he had stuck to 12 N-85 8xN
the Orthodox Defence (5 . . . B-K2 ) , and 13 8x8 N-Q3
not without success. The Cambridge 14 8-Q3
Springs Variation, which is introduced by If 14 BxN, Black equalizes at once by
5 . . . P-B 3 , had been tried a few times by 14 . . . NxB!
Alekhin, though in the eleventh game he
14 . . . P-KR3
had not come out of the opening too
well. Capablanca had made some scathing 15 8-K84
remarks about this defence, and yet here 6 1 . Alekhin-Capablanca
he was adopting it himself in the decisive
phase of the match.
6 PxP
In the eleventh game the main varia
tion had been played : 6 N-B 3 Q-R4 7
N-Q2 B-N5 8 Q-B 2 PxP 9 BxN NxB 1 0
NxP Q-B2 1 1 P-QR3 B-K2. Today the
continuation 7 PxP NxP 8 Q-Q2 is con
sidered stronger.
6 ... KPxP Po sition after White's 1 5th move

The bishop was not yet in danger. R-R7 ! or 22 . . . R-Kl 23 B-K5 B-B 3 2 4
However, 1 5 0-0-0 would have allowed R-R 3 ! followed by R(Ql )-KR l .
Black to simplify by 15 . . . N(B3 )-K5 !
18 8xN Nx8
In this position White has the two
19 NxN PxN
bishops, though that can hardly be con
20 QxKP Q-R4ch
sidered an advantage in this opening, for
21 K-81
Black's queen's bishop is usually the
latter's most passive piece and its Of course not 2 1 K-K2? Q-N4ch 2 2
exchange for the White knight is generally K-B 3 KR-Kl 2 3 Q-B2 P-QB4! and i f 2 4
an advantage to him. The only real danger P-Q5 then 2 4 . . . Q-Q2 .
for Black is his opponent's pawn attack 21 . . . Q-Q4
on the king-side, which could lead to the
opening of the KN or KR file. After the Capablanca had already anticipated
correct 15 . . . R-K l ! Black would have a this manoeuvre when making his
good game, for 16 P-KN4? NxP 1 7 sixteenth move. The penetration of the
R-KNl P-KR4 is bad for White and 1 6 rook to QB7 compensates for the loss of
0-0-0 gives Black a chance t o simplify: 1 6 a pawn.
. . . N ( B 3 )-K5 ! 1 7 B(Q3 )xN NxB 1 8 NxN 22 QxQ PxQ
PxN 19 QxKP BxP 20 Q-B 3 B-N4 with an 2 3 K-N2 !
even game. Much weaker is 23 P-B3 R-B7 24 R-R2
15 R-8 1 ? on account of 24 . . . RxR 25 BxR P-B 3 !
26 P-N6 R-B l 27 R-Kl P-B4 ! 28 B-N3
Anticipating his opponent castling
R-B 3 with a quick draw.
long and preparing the logical counter
P-QB4. In his normal mental state Capa 23 . . . R-87
blanca would hardly have overlooked the 24 KR-Q81 !
fact that this unfortunate placing of the If Black were given a free hand to
rook gives his opponent the opportunity double rooks ( after QR-QN l , for
to make an immediate thrust on the example) , he would have nothing to
king's side. worry about, for the rooks would thwart
16 P-KN4 ! N(83 )-K5 any attempt by White to turn the pawn
majority to account. The text-move, how
Black must do something about ever, virtually forces an exchange of one
White's threat to advance further. 16 . . . set of rooks, for capturing the QNP
N ( B 3 )-Kl 1 7 P-N5 P-KR4 1 8 P-N6! is not would allow White control of the QB file
good for Black and 16 . . . NxP 17 BxN with fatal consequences, e.g. 24 . . .
BxB 18 B-B5 loses the exchange, though RxNP 2 5 R( B l )-QN l ! RxR 26 RxR
admittedly White would have some dif P-QN 3 27 R-QB l ( threatening R-B 7 ) 27
ficulty in turning his material advantage . . . B-Ql 28 R-B8 (threatening 29 B-Q6
to account. The line chosen by Capa R-Kl 30 B-B7 ) . In this line, the move
blanca gives up a pawn for chances in the given by Alekhin, 28 R-B6, is less
endgame. accurate on account of 28 . . . P-B 3 ! 2 9
R-Q6 B-B2 3 0 RxQP B x B 3 1 P x B P-N3 .
17 P-N 5 ! P-KR4
24 R(8 1 )-81
Black cannot allow his opponent to
25 RxR RxR
open the rook file: 17 . . . PxP 18 PxP
26 R-QNl K-R2 ?
BxP 19 B(Q3 )xN NxB 20 NxN PxN 2 1
QxKP P-KN3 2 2 0-0-0 with a n irresistible A bad mistake and an unusual one for
attack, e.g. 22 . . . BxB 2 3 QxB R-Kl 2 4 an endgame virtuoso like Capablanca. The
World Championship 1927 89
correct move is 26 . . . P-QN4 ! , pre The reason behind the sacrifice now
venting White's queen-side pawns from becomes clear. White has mobilized his
getting out of range of the Black rook rook and can create a passed pawn.
and making it almost impossible for
White to turn his material advantage to 34 . . . 8xQP
account.
This is not really a mistake. On the
27 K-N3 K-N 3 other hand, there was a forced draw by
28 P-B3 P-B 3 34 . . . PxP 35 P-Q5 ch K-B4 3 6 P-Q6dis
It is possible that, when making his ch K-K3 3 7 PxP R-N6ch 38 K-N2 R-N7ch
26th move, Black had intended to play 39 K-R3 R-N5 40 R-B8 ! RxP 41 R-K8ch
28 . . . K-B4 but now realized that this is K-Q.4 42 RxR KxR 43 B-N5 B-B6 44
answered by 29 P-K4ch ! , and if 29 . . . P-R6 ! (up to here given as a winning line
PxKP, then 3 0 PxKPch KxKP 3 1 R-K lch. by Alekhin) 44 . . . P-QN4! ( not 44 . . .
PxP? 45 P-Q7 B-R4 46 K-N2 ! B-N3 47
29 PxP BxP K-B l ! winning) 45 P-Q7 B-R4 46 B-K7
30 P-R4! · K-B4 (an immediate draw results from 46
31 P-RS R-K7 P-Q8=Q BxQ 47 BxB P-N5 48 B-RS P-N6
32 R-QB l ? 49 B-B 3 P-N 3 ) 46 . . . K-Q4 ! (answering
White's threat of B-B S ) 47 K-N3 K-B 5 .
An unnecessary pawn sacrifice, which
leaves White with only slight winning 3 5 RxP 8-86?
chances. According to Alekhin, he had
originally planned 3 2 P-N4 R-QB 7 3 3 This does not actually lead to a forced
R-N3 followed by 3 4 B-N8 and then loss, but it makes Black's task very
after 34 . . . P-R3 , 3 5 P-N 5, opening lines difficult indeed. It is hard to understand
for his rook. But at the last moment he why Capablanca did not maintain
was frightened by the reply 32 . . . material equality by 35 . . . B-B7ch 36
P-KN4. His fears, however, were ground K-R3 R-N6 37 R-KS ch K-B 3 ! (better
less, for after this the endgame is easily than the line given by Alekhin: 37 . . .
won, e.g. 3 3 PxP BxNP ( 3 3 . . . BxQP ! ? K-B2 3 8 B-NS ! , when Black cannot play
3 4 R-Ql ! ) 3 4 BxB KxB 3 5 P-B4ch K-B4 38 . . . RxP because of 39 K-N2 and
36 K-B3 R-KR7 3 7 R-N l . White wins a piece) 38 R-B 5ch K-K3 3 9
B-N5 P-N4 ! , when i t is difficult to see
32 RxNP
how White can progress.
3 3 R-8 5 K-K3
34 P-K4
36 RxP P-R3
62. Alekhin-Capablanca Threatening 3 7 R-N4. Advancing

the QNP would no longer have been
sufficient, e.g. 36 . . . P-QN4 3 7 PxP e.p.
PxP 38 R-Q5 P-QN4 3 9 R-Q6ch K-K2 40
R-QN6 P-N5 4 1 K-N4 followed by 42
K-B 5 . Neither would an attack on the
KBP have helped : 36 . . . B-K8ch 3 7
K-R3 R-KB 7 3 8 R-KSch K-B3 3 9
R-KB 5ch K-K3 40 B-N3 or 3 8 . . . K-Q2
39 R-QSch K-K3 40 R-Q3 .
37 8-87 8-K8ch
Here 3 7 . . . R-N4 would allow the R-K Sch ) . Now White's king enters the
simple reply 3 8 R-KN S ! because the QRP game with decisive effect.
is protected. 48 P-N 3
38 K-N4 R-N7ch 49 R-K S ch K-Q.2
39 K-R3 R-K87 SO P-RS ! PxP
40 K-N4 R-KN7ch S1 K-83 P-RS
41 K-R3 R- K87 S2 R-RS R-86ch
42 P-84! R-86ch S3 K-N4 R-8S
S4 K-8 S ! 8xP ! ?
At the moment Black is operating SS R-R7ch !
with mate threats. For example, on
move 39 or 4 1 , White could not have Care i s still required. A n attempt to
played K-B4 because of B-Q7 mate. Now win the piece would lead to a catas
there is another such threat: 43 K-N4 ? ? trophe: SS BxB R-B4ch S6 K-N4 ? ? RxR
S7 KxR P-R6.
R-KN6 mate.
43 K-N2 R-87ch SS . . . K-83
44 K-R3 R-86ch S6 8x8!
4S K-N2 R-87ch White avoids falling into the last trap :
46 K-N l R-87 S6 R-QB 7ch? K-N4 S 7 RxR KxR S B BxB
47 8-N6 and White cannot stop the KRP.
63. Alekhin-Capablanca S6 R-84ch
S7 K-K6 ! Rx8
S B P-8S
In such positions it is not the number

of pawns that counts but the pace at
which they can advance.
SB R-R6
S9 P-86 R-K86
60 P-87 P-N4
61 R-R S ! P-R6
62 R-K8S Rx R
47 R-8 S ? 63 PxR Resi gns
Here Capablanca fails to see a simple Because of 63 P-R7 64 P-B8=Q

tactical twist which enables his opponent P-R8=Q 6S Q-QR 8ch.
to get a won position. The last hope of
After this tragic encounter, the match
saving the game , and the title, lay in 47
only lasted two more games. There was a
. . . B-N6! 48 R-K S ch K-Q3 ! (not 48 . . .
colourless draw in eighteen moves in the
K-B 2 ? 49 P-RS ! ) 49 R-KNS BxBP S O RxP
next game, in which Capablanca had
R-BS S l RxP RxP S2 R-QR7 K-B 3 ! S 3
White. The one after, the 34th, ended in a
RxP K-N4 S 4 R-R 7 (or R S ) B-Q7 S S
victory for Alekhin following a long and
P-R S R-KRS draw.
interesting struggle over eighty-two
48 K-N 2 ! moves. A return match never took place,
Even a world-class player can overlook for the two adversaries could not agree on
such a simple reply. The KP is taboo ( 48 the conditions. Subsequently Capa
. . . RxP 49 K-B3 and after the with blanca 's career soon took a marked down
drawal of the rook White wins a piece by ward turn.
20 Karlsbad Jr 9 29
Only Three Rounds in the Lead
Until the sixteenth round of the tourna time-trouble on two occasions, he finally
ment at Karlsbad, played from 3 1 July to had to submit to the inevitable.
26 August , it looked as if the chess Spielmann took the sole lead by
machine that had suffered a reverse in the drawing his game, though he was caught
match with Alekhin was still going strong. by Capablanca again in the eighteenth
It is true that , in a field containing all the round. Then began the final drama. Capa
world's strongest players apart from the blanca drew with Vidmar in the nine
new and the former world champions, teenth round, where he was joined in the
Alekhin and Dr Lasker, Capablanca began lead by Nimzowitsch, who defeated Spiel
modestly with five draws. In the second mann in a double rook ending after
game he was even lucky to save half a winning a pawn. In the last round but
point against Thomas, and in another one one, Nimzowitsch only managed to draw
he defended excellently against Rubin against Maroczy owing to an inaccuracy
stein. In an exciting encounter with in a won endgame. Capablanca, however,
Bogolyubov he failed to make the most of lost from the following position and so
his chances. dropped out of the running.
From the sixth round, however, it was
64. Spielmann-Capablanca
the Capablanca of old. His excellent
positional performance enabled him to
notch up one point after the other, and
he climbed higher and higher up the
table, going into the lead in the thirteenth
round. This he maintained until the end
of the fifteenth round, where he defeated
his old rival Marshall. He and Spielmann
had 11 points, a full point ahead of
Nimzowitsch, who was followed by
Rubinstein, Vidmar and Euwe.
What happened in the sixteenth round
Such a position is unusual after
has gone down in chess h istory as one of
twenty-two moves in the Orthodox
the most unbelievable blunders ever per Queen's Gambit. Black's pieces lack co
petrated by a grandmaster. Capablanca, ordination, and in spite of the forced
who had Black against Samisch, made a
transposition into an endgame White has
mistake on his ninth move that lost a a clear advantage.
piece. The game went 1 P-Q4 N-KB3 2
P-QB4 P-K 3 3 N-QB3 B-N5 4 P-QR3 2 3 R-Q6 QxQch
BxNch 5 PxB P-Q3 6 P-B 3 P-K4 7 P-K4 24 KxQ R-Kl
N-B 3 8 B-K3 P-QN3 9 B-Q3 B-R3 ? ? 1 0 2 5 BxP
Q-R4 B-N2 1 1 P-Q5 . Although he There was a more stylish win by 25
struggled on valiantly until the 62nd K-Q3 N-K3 26 B-Q5 R-K2 27 R-Kl
move, even getting his opponent into dire R(R l )-Kl 28 P-KN4.
2S R-K7ch mann did not manage to repeat his
2 6 K-Q 3 ! Rx8P success at Semmering 1926, though in the
27 R-Kl R-83 last round he got very near to doing so.
White was threatening 28 B-QSch 6 5 . Mattison-Spielmann

K-N2 29 R-K7ch. After the exchange of
the active rook Black will have absolutely
no counter-play.
28 8-QSch K-N 3
29 RxRch KxR
30 R-K8! P-KR4
The knight cannot move because of 3 0

. . . N-N3 3 1 RxR NxR 3 2 K-Q4 followed
by K-B S .
3 1 R-R8 P-RS
As Spielmann pointed out immedi
32 PxP PxP
ately after the game, there is an easy win
White could now finish the game off by 22 . . . RxP 2 3 RxR PxR 24 N-N2
quickly by 3 3 K-K4. Instead he adopts an Q-R 3 , when Black has no problem in
inaccurate continuation which makes the retaining his extra pawn, for 2S NxP fails
win more difficult. to 2 S . . . NxB!
33 RxP( ? ) K-K4 22 . . . Nx8( ? )

34 8-86 P-R6
This does not throw away the win,
3S PxP RxPch
though it was not necessary to mobilize
36 K-82 P-N S !
White's QR .
37 PxP N-K3
38 8-R4 N-8S 2 3 N-N2 Q-N S
39 R-K7ch K-Q3 24 QRxN PxP ( ? )
40 R-Q7ch K-K4
Another mistake. Much stronger i s 24
41 8-86 R-R3
. . . RxP 25 RxR PxR 26 R-KB l R-KBl
42 P-NS R-Q3
threatening 2 7 . . . P-B 6 or 25 P-R 3
43 R-K7ch R-K3
RxRch followed by QxPch. However,
44 R-Q87 K-Q3
Black still has winning chances.
4S R-88 R-K7ch
46 K-83 R-K6ch 2 S P-KR3 Q-84!
47 K-84 R-K7
Much better than 25 . . . Q-N4? 26
48 R-Q8ch K-82
R-B 3 followed b y QR-K B l .
49 R-Q7ch K-8 1
SO K-8S RxP 2 6 QxQ RxQ
51 K-N6 R-K7 27 RxP RxR?
S2 R-87ch K-Ql Spielmann admitted later that he had
S3 R-Q7ch K-81 been suffering from hallucinations when
S4 R-Q4 N-K3 he made this move. The correct line is 2 7
SS 8-N7ch K-Nl . . . QR-KBl ! 28 RxR RxR 29 R-Ql
S6 R-Q84 Resigns R-B6 30 P-KR4 K-N2, and the king has a
Prior to the last round Spielmann and free hand. Deviating on the 28th move
Nimzowitsch were leading with 1 4 points, does not help White : 28 R-N4ch K-R l
Capablanca being one point behind. Spiel- (threatening R-B7) 29 R-N2 R-B6.
Kar/shad 1 929 93
28 NxR NxQP 7 . • . P-K4
29 R-Ql N-86ch 8 P-Q5 P-QR4
30 K-8 2 NxP
The present-day devotee of the King's
When making his 27th move Spiel Indian would, at this stage, have no
mann had planned 30 . . . N-N4? 3 1 hesitation in playing 8 . . . N-R4! and,
P-KR4 N-K5ch followed by K-B 2 . Now after 9 P-KN4, sacrificing a pawn by 9 . . .
he realizes that 30 . . . N-N4 is answered N-B 5 for excellent counter-play.
by 3 1 R-KN l .
9 N-82 P-N 3 ( ? )
31 NxKP R-Kl Such positions should not be handled
32 N-84 so passively . Either here or on the next
Drawn move N-R4 was called for.
As a result of the faltering of his two 10 Q-Q2 N-84?
main rivals, Nimzowitsch, who had gone 1 1 8-N 5 ! 8-Q2
into the lead just two rounds earlier, was
given a chance to win the tournament The manoeuvre N-R4 has now become
more difficult. Nevertheless Black
outright. His last hurdle was, like himself,
an apostle of the neo-romantic school.
should at any rate have tried to prepare
the way for it by unpinning the knight by
10 . . . Q-Q2 . If then 1 1 P-KN 4, Black
King 's Indian
could play 1 1 . . . N-Kl .
Nimzowitsch Tartakower 12 P-KN4 Q-Bl

1 3 P-KR4 K-Rl
1 P-Q4 N-K83
2 P-Q84 P-KN 3 It is now too late to prepare the
3 P-83 freeing advance P-KB4, for 1 3 . . . N-Kl is
answered by 1 4 P-R5 P-B4 1 5 PxNP,
An innovation aimed at avoiding the
when the Black king is left without the
Grii nfeld Defence ( 3 N-QB 3 P-QB4) ,
protection of his pawns.
which at that time was quite new. It was
later discovered, however, that 3 . . . P-Q4 14 P-R 5 PxP
is even better after 3 P-B3 than 3 N-QB 3 . 1 5 8xN
3 8-N 2 There is time for this later. Much

4 P-K4 P-Q3 stronger is 1 5 0-0-0. Then, of course,
5 N-83 0-0 Black cannot reply 1 5 . . . PxP ? ? 16 BxN
6 8-K3 QN-Q2 BxB 1 7 Q-R6, and after 15 . . . N-Nl 1 6
This move is still sometimes seen as an RxP P-KB 3 1 7 B-K3 White retains his
alternative to the usual 6 . . . P-K4. active bishop in a position otherwise
similar to that in game.
7 N-R 3
15 8x8
Nimzowitsch was very fond of this 16 RxP
original way of developing. It proves good
if the game continues 7 . . . P-B4 8 P-Q5 , Dr Lasker, who subjected the games of
when the knight can head for Q3, where his past and future opponents to a
it should have a fine future. Today the thorough examination, suggests a dif
preferred lines are 7 Q-Q2 P-B4 8 KN-K2 ferent, and very strong, continuation : 1 6
followed by 9 0-0-0 and 7 B-Q3 P-B4 (or Q-R 6 B-N2 1 7 QxP(R5) P-R3 1 8 P-N5
K4) 8 KN-K2 . P-B4 1 9 PxBP e.p . ! (better than 19 PxRP
66. Nimzowitsch-Tartakower According to Nimzowitsch it is necessary
to operate against two weaknesses at the
same time. In the present position White
needs to complement his king-side action
by one on the other wing (P-QN 3 , P-QR 3 ,
P-QN4), where h e can prepare the break
through P-QB S . If, therefore, he were to
castle long, his king would be in the way.
So he leaves it in the middle.
21 R-Rl
2 2 R-R4! Q-Kl
Position after Black 's 1 5th move 2 3 R-KN l 8-K81
24 K-N2 N-N2 !
B-KB3) 1 9 . . . RxP 20 B-R 3 B-Kl 2 1 The knight is urgently needed for the
BxQ BxQ 2 2 RxB RxB 2 3 K-K2 , and defence of the king's wing. However, its
White has a considerable advantage in the removal from the queen-side will later
endgame thanks to the weak white help White's action there.
squares in Black's position.
25 N-R 5 !
16 8-N2
17 N-Rl ! I n the circumstances a justified change
of plan. Before occupying KB S White will
The knight is heading for KB S . It first increase his pressure by the advance
could also choose another route , passing P-KB4.
through Ql and K 3 , but Nimzowitsch
was particularly fond of the move 25 Q-N 3
N-KR l . Two years previously he had used 26 P-84 N-Ql
it to win an important game against 27 8-8 3 N-82
Rubinstein. 28 N-K2 8-K2
Exchanging would not really ease

17 P-K8 3
Black 's pos1t10n : 28 PxP 29
1 8 Q-R2 P-R3
N(RS )xP(B4) ! Q-N2 30 N-Q4 N-N4 3 1
1 9 N-N3 K-R2
N-BS BxN 3 2 KPxB followed by 3 3
20 8-K2
N-K6.
Another strong continuation is 20
29 K-Rl K-Nl
N-Ql followed by N-K 3 , threatening
30 N(K2)-N3 K-8 1
N-B S . In this case Black would be hard
31 N-85 R-KNl
put to it to defend the square KR 3 .
Black would lose his queen by 3 1 . . .
20 KR-N l BxN? 3 2 NPxB Q-R2 3 3 R-N7, and the
2 1 K-82 ! attempt to increase the activity of his
Nimzowitsch was the first to formu knight by removing White's KBP would
late the strategic principles of positional lose a pawn : 3 1 . . . PxP 32 NxP(B4)
play, which he did in his book My Q-N4 3 3 R-RS Q-N l 34 NxRP or 32 . . .
System . One of the most important Q-R2 3 3 N-K6ch BxN 34 PxB N-K4 3 5
things about so-called "positional tack RxP.
ing" is that, in the absence of a distur 32 Q-Q2 R-81
bance of the equilibrium, a single weak 3 3 R-R2 K-Kl
ness is usually not sufficient for success. 34 P-N 3 ! K-Ql
Karlsbad 1 9 2 9
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pts Prize
1 Nimzowitsch 'lz 'lz 'lz 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'lz 15
2 Capablanca 'lz 0 'lz 1 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 1 1 1 'lz 0 'h 14'1z II, Ill
3 Spielmann 0 1 0 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 1 0 y, 1 1 y, 'h 1 4'1z II, Ill
4 Rubinstein 'h 'h y, 'lz 'lz 'lz 1 1 1 y, 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 0 'lz 1 3 '1z IV
5 Becker 'lz 0 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'lz 'h 'h 'h 'h Yz 0 12 V-VII
6 Euwe 0 'h 'h 'lz 0 0 'lz 'lz 1 y, 'lz 'h 'lz 'h 'lz 'h 12 V-VII
7 Vidmar 0 1h 1h 'lz 0 'lz 'h 1h 'h 'lz 0 'h 'lz 0 12 V-VII
8 Bogo l y ubov 0 'lz 'h 'lz 0 'h 'lz 'lz 'lz 1h 0 0 0 1h 1 1 1h VIII
9 Griinfeld 1h 1h 0 0 1 y, 'lz 'lz 1h 1h

'lz 'lz 0 'h 0 1 1 'lz 'h 11 IX
10 Canal 1h 'lz 1h 1h
'h 1 0 1 0 'lz 'lz - 1 0 0 y, 0 1 0 'lz lO'lz X, X I
1 1 Mattison 0 0 'h 0 0 'lz 1h 'h 'lz 0 0 1h 0 'lz 1 0 1h X, XI
12 Colle 'h 0 0 'lz 'lz 0 0 0 0 'h 'lz 0 1h 0 10
1 3 Mar6czy 'h 0 0 'h 'lz 'h 'h 0 1 0 0 'lz 0 0 'h 'h 10
14 Tartakower 0 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 0 'h 'h 0 'lz 'lz - 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 'lz 10
1 5 Treybal 1h 0 0 0 1h 0 0 'h 'h 0 0 1 1 'lz 10

1 'lz - 'lz 'lz
16 Sii.misch 0 0 1h 'h 'lz 1h 0 1h 0 1h 'h 'h O Yz 'h 0

'lz 9 \lz
17 Yates 0 'h 'h 0 'h 1h 0 0 0 0 0 'lz 'lz 'lz 'h 'lz 1 9 '1z
1 8 Johner 0 0 0 0 1h 0 1h 0 0 1 'lz 'lz 1 1 0 'lz 0 'lz 9
1 9 Marshall 'lz 0 0 1h 0 1h 0 'h 0 'lz 'lz 0 'lz 0 'lz 'lz 'lz 9
20 Gilg 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 0 'lz -0 'lz 'lz 0 'lz 'h 8
21 Thomas 'lz 'h 0 'lz 'lz 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 1h 1h 'lz 0 0 'lz 0 1h 6
22 Menschik 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'lz 0 3

35 P-R3 R-Q Rl Q-R l and B-KB 1 . In this case White could
36 Q-81 have broken through on the queen 's side;
e.g. 36 . . . Q-R2 37 P-N4 RPxP 3 8 RPxP
67. Nimzowitsch-Tartakower Q-Rl 39 P-BS ! and both 39 . . . QPxP 40
NxB KxN 41 NPxP and 39 . . . BxN 40
KPxB NPxP 41 NPxP are positionally
hopeless for Black. In the latter variation
41 . . . QPxP? would be answered by 42
P-Q6.
37 N-R4! Q R2
-
38 Nx P Q-Rl
39 NxR QxN
40 P-NS ! KPx P
41 PxP Q-R2
36 8-KB l ? ? 42 QxP 8xP
43 Q-86ch K-8 1
This makes the win much easie\" and 44 N-8 5 ! 8xN
assures Nimzowitsch of first prize in the 45 Px8 K-N2
tournament. Tartakower intends to 46 Q-N6 R-Rl
counter White's positional threat of 47 QxQ RxQ
P-QN4, P-QB S by preventing the ex 48 R-N6 K-81
change of his king's bishop, but com 49 P-86 R-R l
pletely overlooks that he thereby loses SO 8-N4ch K-Ql
the exchange and a pawn. After the game 51 8-K6 K-Kl
he recommended a re-grouping of B lack's 52 8xNch Kx8
pieces by 36 . . . Q-KR2 followed by 53 R(R2)x8 Resigns
21 Ziirich 1 9 3 4
A Strong Finish
The glorious Alekhin era was drawing to its having lost in the eighth, tenth and
close . After a few tournaments in which twelfth rounds.
he was well ahead of the rest of the In the thirteenth round the main
field-at San Remo he won by 3 � points question was : Which of the two leaders
and at Bled in 1 9 3 1 by 5 �. an unequalled would be able to forge ahead? Flohr came
feat in international tournaments-his very close to doing so .
rivals began to cause him more and more White can do nothing to hold the
trouble. queen's side. Bogolyubov, however, uses
At a tournament in Zurich from 14 to his doubled rooks to mount a rescue
29 July 1 9 34, to celebrate the 1 2 5th action.
anniversary of the Zurich Chess Society,
57 N·8 5 ! 8xN
there was an illustrious collection of
58 Px8 R·KN2
players. Although Capablanca and
59 R-Q.7 R·Q82
Reshevsky as well as the Soviet contin
60 P-86! Q·8 5 !
gent were missing (the latter only
entering the international arena a year O f course , not 60 . . . RxP? 61 RxRch
later), it was the strongest field that could KxR 62 Q-R 7ch followed by 63 R-Q7 . In
be assembled at that time. answer to the text-move White must not
After the seventh round Lasker and be too aggressive, e.g. 61 RxR( B 7 ) RxR
Flohr were ahead with 5 � points, and 62 R-Q7ch? RxR 63 PxR Q-Q4! , when
from then until the eleventh round Flohr Black has the double threats of Q-R 8
was in the sole lead. In the twelfth round mate and QxP.
he was caught by Alekhin, both of them
61 RxR(87 ) RxR
having ten points, being half a point
62 R·Q6 ! RxP
ahead of Euwe and a full point ahead of
63 R·Q7ch K·N l
Bogolyubov. The others were already out
64 R·Q8ch K-82
of the running, Lasker, for example,
65 Q·R7ch R-8 2
66 R·Q7ch RxR
68 . Bogolyubov-Flohr 67 QxRch
Drawn
Alekhin also had a strong opponent.

However, he performed his task excel·
lently in an instructive positional game.
Dutch Defence
Stihlberg Alekhin
1 P-Q.4 P-K3
Position after Black's 5 6th move 2 P·Q84 P-K84
3 P-KN 3 N-KB 3 1 6 Q-B4 QR-Bl
4 B-N2 B-N 5ch 17 Q-Q.6 Q-B2
5 B-Q.2 BxBch 1 8 PxP?
6 QxB 0-0
7 N-QB 3 P-Q.4{ ? ) This relieves Black of all his worries.
Much stronger is 1 8 Q-N4.
From the strategical point of view a
doubtful move . The Stonewall System is 18 BxP
playable if the black-squared bishops have 19 Q·N4 Q-Q.2
not been exchanged ( i.e. after 4 . . . 20 P-K3 N·K5
B-K2). In this case White often tries to 21 KR-Kl ( ? )
force the exchange by P-QN 3 and B-QR 3 .
In the present game he does not need to Another inaccuracy. Better is 21
go to such trouble. His opponent has KR-Ql followed b y B-B l .
already done it for him.
21 P-QN 3
8 N-8 3 N-B 3 ! ? 2 2 P-B 3 NxN
2 3 RxN B-N4
Operating with the threat of QPxP.
24 B-Bl ?
The immediate 8 . . . QPxP is not good on
account of 9 N-KS . Yet another mistake. Now Black will
be able to control the QB file and have a
9 PxP PxP distinct advantage in the endgame. White
10 N-K5 N-K2 should have preceded B-B l by 24
11 0-0 P-B 3 R( K l ) -QB l B-BS 25 P-QR4.
12 QR-Bl
24 . . . BxB
A rather stereotyped move. The rook
25 KxB RxR
is better placed on QN 1 to prepare the
26 QxR(B 3 ) R·B l
minority attack . A good move is 1 2 P-QN4,
27 Q-Q.3 P-N 3
69. Stahlberg-Alekhin 28 K-B2
White has no way of getting active

play. 28 P-K4, for example, is refuted b y
28 . . . QPxP 29 PxP PxP 3 0 QxP
Q-KB 2ch followed by QxP.
28 Q-R5
29 R-K2 R-BS
30 R-N2 K-N2
31 Q-N 3 Q·B 3
Black could get excellent chances in an

Position after Black's 1 7th move endgame by 3 1 . . . QxQ 3 2 PxQ P-QR4
and then playing his king to Q3. Alekhin
which would have given White a definite assumes that he will still be able to force
advantage. a rook ending at a later stage, and, for the
time being, decides to tack.
12 Q-Kl
13 P-QN4 N-N 3 32 Q-Q.3 P-KR4
14 NxN QxN 3 3 K-N2 R-B 6
1 5 P·N 5 B-Q.2 34 Q-K2 Q·R 5
Zurich 1934 99
70. Stahlberg-Alekhin sufficient counter-play at the end (i.e.

after 40 . . . K-82) by 41 Px8P PxP 42
Q-K5. The disadvantage of the text-move
is that it seriously weakens the king.
35 Q·K l !
36 R·N 3 RxR
37 PxR RPxP
3 8 PxP Q-KSch
Winning a pawn, for White must

naturally avoid a pawn endgame: 39 Q-8 3
QxNPch 40 QxQ PxQ 4 1 K-N3 P-R4.
Now White's position is suddenly 39 K·B2 PxP

critical; he is threatened with 3 5 . . .
Q-R6 3 6 K-82 RxP! 3 7. QxR QxRch 3 8 More precise than 39 . . . QxNP 40
K-N l Q-N8ch 3 9 K-N2 QxPch 40 K-R3 Q-N5.
K-82. The best defence is 35 R-Q2 .
40 Q-Kl Q-B7ch
35 P-N4? 41 K·N3 QxNP
42 K·R4 Q-B7
White obviously expects the above 43 Q-N 3 Q-KB4
mentioned variation beginning with 3 5 44 Q-B7ch K·R3
. . . Q-R6 and hopes to b e able t o get 45 Resigns
Ziirich 19 34
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pts Prize
1 Alekhin 0 Y.z Y.z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13 I
2 Euwe 1 -
Y.z 1 0 1 Y.z 'l.z 1 1 1 1 'l.z 1 1 1 12 II, Ill
3 Flohr 'l.z 'l.z 'l.z 'l.z 'l.z 'l.z 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 12 II, Ill
4 Bogolyubov 'l.z 0 'l.z 1 'l.z 'l.z 'l.z 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l Y.z IV
5 Lasker 0 1 Y.z 0 -
1 0 0 Y.z 1 1 1 1 1 10 v
6 Bernstein 0 0 Y.z Y.z 0 Y.z 1 Y.z Y.z Y.z l 1 1 1 9 VI, V I I
7 Nimzowitsch 0 Y.z Y.z 'l.z 1 Y.z - 11.z 0 0 1 1 Y.z 1 1 9 VI, VII
8 Stahlberg 0 Y.z 0 Y.z 1 0 Y.z Y.z 1 0 1 1 Y.z 1 Y.z 8 Vlll
9 Johner 0 0 0 0 \lz Y.z 1 Y.z -
0 1 1 1 1 Y.z Y.z 7Y.z
10 Henneberger 0 0 0 0 0 Y.z 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 5 '1.z
1 1 Gygli 0 0 0 0 0 Y.z 0 1 0 1 Y.z 0 Y.z Y.z 1 5
12 Rosselli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Y.z 'l.z 1 1 Y.z 4Y.z
1 3 Grob 0 Y.z 0 0 0 0 Y.z 0 0 0 1 'l.z 0 Y.z 1 4
14 Miiller 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Y.z 0 1 Y.z 0 0 1 4
1 5 Naegeli 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'l.z 0 11.z 0 Y.z 1 -
Y.z 3
16 Joss 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Y.z Y.z 0 0 Y.z 0 0 Y.z -
2
Moscow 1 9 3 5
Thirteen-Botvinnik's Unlucky Number
When Botvinnik blundered against me in blanca 7'h., Spielmann, Lilienthal,

the 1 94 7 Moscow Tournament and lost Rabinowitsch, Ragosin 6'h..
the game ( cf. page 1 29 ), he told me that Among those he still had to face were
he had always been afraid of the thir Lasker, Lilienthal and Flohr, but he also
teenth round. I was quite surprised to had four Soviet opponents who were well
hear that, for I had not expected the known to him from home events. The
scientific brain of a future world tournament thus seemed to be virtually
champion to harbour such a superstition. over and the press were already hailing
Later I discovered that the thirteenth the new star. However, there was to be a
round really had been a critical point for sudden and unexpected tum of events,
Botvinnik in a number of tournaments for Botvinnik actually lost to two of his
and that he had on several such occasions fellow-countrymen. His game in the
suffered unexpected defeats at the hands thirteenth round was a real tragedy.
of weaker players.
7 1 . Kan-Botvinnik
This series began in the second inter
national tournament in Moscow, which
took place from 1 5 February to 1 5
March. Botvinnik was twenty-four years
old at the time and enjoyed an excellent
reputation in the chess world ; two years
previously he had drawn a match with the
renowned Czech grandmaster Salo Flohr.
But what he really needed for his class to
be fully recognized was success in tourna
ments, and Botvinnik saw Moscow 1 9 3 5
as his real chance. Position after White's 20th move
In the first round he slaughtered Spiel
mann in a famous twelve-move miniature. White had played the opening weakly,
In the second, playing Black, he drew losing a pawn. By developing quietly with
with Capab lanca. Then there followed a 20 . . . B-K2 Black could have maintained
series of victories against Miss Menshik, his advantage, for, on the one hand, 2 1
Romanovski, Lowenfisch, Rjumin and NxN PxN 22 B-K4 B-Q4 2 3 B x B QxB 24
Stahlberg, which left him with a lead of Q-N4ch K-N l 25 QxP? is answered by 25
one point over Flohr at the end of the . . . R(Ql)-N l , and, on the other, the
seventh round. He also had convincing attempt to attack on the QN file by
wins in the ninth and eleventh rounds doubling rooks comes to nothing because
against Goglidse and Ragosin-both with Black's knight can effectively join in the
Black. At the end of the twelfth round defence, e.g. 2 1 R-N 3 K-Nl 22 KR-N I
the leading scores were: Botvinnik 1 0 , N-R4. For this latter reason, Black should
Flohr 9, Lasker and Lowenfisch 8, Capa- not exchange off his knight.
Moscow 1 935 101
20 . . . NxN? and who had only scored 4 'h points from
21 BxN QxP ? ? fourteen games.
This loses, for White gets a n irresistible Black is a little cramped but his
attack along two files. After the correct position is firm enough. As a resu lt of his
21 B-K2 , the doubling of his advanced king-side pawns, his king is
opponent's rooks would prove un somewhat exposed, so he should try and
comfortable though Black would prob prevent lines being opened. It is difficult
ably have an adequate defence in 2 2 to understand why Botvinnik now
R-N3 Q-R 5 ! 23 KR-Nl P-QN4 24 B-QB2 embarks on a plan that is quite contrary
Q-R4 25 P-QR4 P-QB 3. to the requirements of the situation.
2 2 KR-Bl Q-R4 21 . . . R·Q2 ( ? )

23 Q-Q.82 ! P-QB 3 This is not accurate. H e should instead
Or 23 . . . R-Q2 24 B-Q2 Q-R6 2 5 play 2 1 . . . N-R4 22 R-Q2 QR-Kl ! m
R-N 3 followed b y R(B l )-N l ) . order to maintain his KP at all costs.
2 4 B·Q2 • Q·B2 22 R·Q2 PxP?

2 5 Q·R4 R-Q2 This exchange irreparably damages his
Apart from 26 BxQRP there was also position. Admittedly 22 . . . R-K2 is not
the threat of 26 B-R 5 , e.g. 25 . . . K-Q2 possible on account of 23 P-B 5 ! KPxP 24
26 B-R5 Q-B l 27 BxR KxB 28 BxP! PxB PxP, but he could still have prevented the
29 RxP. openmg of the game by playing 2 2
KR-QI .
26 BxQRP Resigns
In the same round Flohr's opponent, 2 3 RxQP R·K2
Capablanca, used all his resources to save 24 B·Kl !
an endgame with an isolated pawn. As a The bishop is heading for the long
result Botvinnik was still in the lead, diagonal, which will be wide open after
though only by half a point. The position Black 's "freeing" move P·KB4. Black, for
was maintained in the next round, where his part, has no great choice, for he is
Botvinnik drew with Lasker, and Flohr, faced by the threat of 25 P-KN 4, which
unexpectedly, with Miss Menshik. would make his KBP a permanent weak·
The fifteenth round had an important ness.
effect on the outcome of the tournament.
Botvinnik was faced by Bogatyrtschuk, 24 P·KB4
who was not in particularly good form 2 5 8·8 3 R(B l ) ·Kl
26 Q-Q.3 B·B l
7 2 . Bogatyrtschuk-Botvinnik
27 R·KB l !
A simple, yet pretty pawn sacrifice.

Black's best course is to decline it, though
in that case, e.g. after the waiting move
27 . . . K-R 2, White would be able to
strengthen his position by the manoeuvre
B·N2, Q-B 3 , N-Q5 , etc.
27 PxP( ? )
28 PxP RxP
29 RxR QxR
Position after White's 2 1 st move 30 N·Q S !
There i s n o w n o effective way of exchange of rooks. 47 K-B2 would have
stopping the knight fr om moving on to given Black drawing chances.
KB 6, for 30 . . . N-R4? loses to 31 R-Kl
47 RxR
QxQ 32 RxRch K-B2 33 R-K7ch
followed by 3 4 PxQ. 48 NxR K-K3
49 N-85ch K-Q3
30 . . . QxQ SO 8-82 N-82
31 N-86ch K-8 2
Black loses a piece by 5 0 . . . N-Bl ?
After 3 1 . . . K-R l 3 2 PxQ White 5 1 P-R 7 ! NxP 52 N-N3 N-N4 5 3 B-B 5ch .
threatens both NxR and N-R5.
5 1 P-N 3 N-QRl
32 PxQ R-Ql 5 2 K-N2 N-K2
Black would also lose a piece by 3 2 53 K-8 3 P-N3
. . . R-K7 3 3 N-R5dis ch N-B4 34 N-N3 54 N-Q3
R-QB7 3 5 NxN BxN ( 3 5 . . . RxB 36 Threatening 5 5 B-B 5 ch followed by
NxQPdbl ch) 36 RxBch K-K3 3 7 R-B6ch
BxN and NxP.
K-K2 38 B-R l R-B8ch 39 R-B l '.
54 N-81
33 N-Q5dis ch N-84
55 8-85 ch K-K3
If the king moves to N3 or N l , 3 4 56 N-N 2 ! N-Q3
N-K7ch followed b y R-B7 i s decisive. 57 8xN! Kx8
58 N-84ch K-84 .
34 P-KN4 R-Kl
35 PxN R- K 7 Otherwise the White king would get to
36 R-83 R-Q87 QR5 , when the passed QRP would cost
37 8-Kl P-N5 Black a piece.
38 R-81 Resigns
59 NxP K-N 3
7 3 . Flohr-Romanovski KxP
60 NxNP
61 P-K 5 K-N2
62 K-K4 K-8 2
63 K-85 K-Q2
64 P-K6ch K-Kl
65 N-K5 P-84
66 N-Q7 P-8 5
67 N-86ch K-81
68 N-Q5 K-N2
69 K-K4! Resigns
The position had thus changed com

Position after Black's 46th move pletely. Flohr was now out ahead, closely
This game is an example of precise followed by Botvinnik. In the last four
positional play on Flohr's part. The way rounds, however, Flohr appeared to have
he now utilizes the advantage of the lost his previous energy and, more im
distant passed pawn is extremely instruc portant, his sure touch in turning advan
tive. tages into wins. He drew all four games,
including one in the seventeenth round
47 R-Q7 ch !
against Rjumin in which he was a pawn
It requires a fine positional feeling to up in an easily won ending . Botvinnik, on
realize that the endgame is won after an the other hand, produced his best game
Moscow 1935 I03
of the tournament immediately after his At last Black resorts to this move. But
second defeat. the loss of tempo will make itself felt.
15 N-KS P-QN 3
Reti System 1 6 8-Q3 PxP
Chekhover In a way this lessens the force of a

8otvinnik
future P-Q5 by White, for such an
1 N-K83 P·Q4 advance leaves Black's knight on Q2
2 P-84 P-K3 access to the square QB4. On the other
3 P-QN3 N-K83 hand, the situation has now been clarified
4 8-N2 8-K2 in the centre, leaving White control of all
5 P-K3 0-0 the important central squares and
6 8-K2 P-8 3 ( ? ) enabling him to launch a king-side attack.
N o t a seriou s mistake, though a super 1 7 PxP 8·N2

fluous and passive move; it is also a 1 8 Q-K2 N-81
potential loss of a tempo, for Black will
74. Botvinnik-Chekhover
sooner or later have to play P-QB4.
Actually this latter move should have
been played at once or after P-QN3 and
B-N2.
7 0-0 QN-Q2
8 N-83 P-QR 3
9 N-Q4 ! ?
Black's eighth move signified that he

was aiming for counter-play by advancing
the QNP. Botvinnik nips this plan in the
bud in an original manner. In view of the
altered circumstances Black should 1 9 N-Ql !
change his plan and play 9 . . . P-B4 I O
An excellent move, aimed not at pro
N-B 3 P-QN3 followed b y B-N2 with
tecting the QP, which was not really
equality.
threatened (e.g. I 9 QR-QI RxP? 20
9 PxP? N-QS ! ) , but at getting the knight into
1 0 PxP N-84( ?) position for an attack on KB 7. When
making the move Botvinnik had to decide
Not really a good idea. Black now whether or not the long trek by the
threatens to play P-K4 (which was not knight to KN5 via QI , KB2 and KR 3
advisable on the tenth move because of could be rendered useless by the simple
1 1 N-B 5 ) . However, this is easily P-KR3 on the part of his opponent.
countered by I I P-KB4, which was in any
case part of White's plan. Black's best 19 . . . R·R2( ?)
course would have been I O . . . P-B4 1 1
N-B 3 P-QN3 1 2 P-Q4 PxP 1 3 PxP B-N2. Such unusual moves are only good on
the rarest of occasions, and this is not one
of them. Black gets more chances by I 9
11 P-84 Q-82 . . . B-B 3 with the intention of protecting
12 N-83 R-Ql KB2 by B-Kl . In this case White could
13 Q-82 N(84)-Q2 either press on with his plan or content
14 P-Q4 P-84 himself with a smaller advantage, that of
Moscow 1 9 3 5
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Prize
Botvinnik 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 1 'h 1 'h y, 0 1 1h 1 13 I, II
2 Flohr y, 'h 'h y, 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h '1 'h 1 'h \lz 13 I, II
3 Lasker 'h 'h y, y, 'h Y.i y, y, y, y, 'h 'h 'h 1 2 1h Ill
4 Capablanca 'h 'h 0 y, y, 'h 'h 'h .() 'h 'h Y.i 1 12 IV
S Spielmann 0 y, y, 'h y, 'h 'h 0 1 'h 0 y, y, 'h 11 v
6 Kan y, 0 0 'h 'h 0 0 'h Y.i 0 'h 'h l OY.i VI, VII
7 Lowenfisch 0 y, 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 'h 0 1 l 0 1h V I , VII
8 Lilienthal 'h 'h y, 'h 'h 1 y, 0 'h 'h y, 0 y, 'h 0 1 y, 10 VIIl-X
9 Ragosin 0 'h y, 0 1 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 10 V I II-X
10 Romanovski 0 0 'h 'h 0 'h y, 'h 'h 0 y, 'h 0 1 1 10 VIII - X
1 1 Alatorzev y, 'h 'h 0 0 y, 0 'h \lz 0 0 'h y, 'h 9 1h
12 Goglidse 0 0 0 y, 'h 'h \lz 'h 'h 'h y, 'h 'h 'h 0 1 9 Y.i
1 3 Rabinowitsch 'h 0 y, 'h 0 1 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h 0 Y.i 9 1h
14 Rjumin 0 'h y, y, 0 0 0 0 1 0 'h 0 Y.i 9 Y.i
15 Lisizin 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 9
16 Bogatyrtschuk 1 0 'h y, 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h y, 'h 0 1 Y.i 'h 0 y, 8
17 scahlberg 0 0 'h 'h 0 0 0 1 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 8
1 8 Pirc y, 0 0 'h 0 y, 'h 0 0 'h 0 'h 0 y, 'h Y.i 1 7 1h
19 Chekhover 0 'h 0 0 0 y, 0 'h 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 0 0 S 'h
20 Menshik 0 'h 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 1\lz

Moscow 1935 105
the two bishops, e.g. 20 NxB QxN 2 1 This second impressive piece sacrifice
P-KB5. leads to a certain win, though not as
quickly as the simple 24 NxN RxN ( 2 4
20 N-82 Q-N l ( ? ) . . . NxN 2 5 Q-R5 ) 2 5 P x N BxBP 26
RxB ! PxR 27 Q-N4ch K-B l 28 B-R 3 ch
Black misses the last opportunity to
R-Q3 29 Q-N3 K-K2 30 P-B 5 , etc.
play B-B 3 .
24 . . . KxN
2 1 N-R 3 P- R 3
2 5 P-N6ch K-N l
22 N-N5 !
Other king moves d o not help Black :
A simple, yet effective, piece sacrifice,
(a) 25 . . . K-Bl 26 QxP N-K4! 27 PxN
which shows how faulty Black's whole
(or 27 RxNch PxR 28 Q-R 3 ) 27 . . .
defensive set up is.
B-B4ch 2 8 K-R l B-B l 29 RxNch PxR 3 0
22 PxN QxBPch K-K l 31 P-N 7, etc.
2 3 PxP N(81 )-Q2 ( b ) 25 . . . K-Kl 26 QxP N-Bl 2 7
Q-B 7 ch K-Q2 28 B-R 3 R-Kl 2 9 RxN!
An attempt to keep the extra piece PxR 30 P-N7 and wins.
would soon lead to disaster, e.g. 2 3 . . .
N(B 3 )-Q2 24 NxP (threatening Q-R5 ) 24 26 QxPch K-Rl
. . . P-N3 25 BxP ! NxB 26 Q-R 5 N(Q2 )-Bl 27 Q-R3ch K-Nl
27 N-R6ch K-Rl 2 8 P-Q5dis ch P-K4 28 8-85 N-81
29 N-B5 dis ch K-N l 30 NxBch NxN 29 8-K6ch ! Nx8
3 1 Q-B7ch K-Rl 3 2 Q-B6ch followed 30 QxNch K- Rl
by BxP. Or 2 3 . . . N( B 3 )-R2 24 NxP 31 Q-R3ch K-Nl
NxP ( 24 . . . KBxP 25. BxNch NxB 32 Rx N ! 8xR
26 QxP) 25 Q-R5 N(N4)-R2 26 P-Q5 ! 33 Q-R7ch K-8 1
B-B4ch ( 26 . . . PxP 27 N-R6ch K-Rl 28 34 R-Kl 8-K4
Q-B7) 27 K-Rl B-Rl 28 BxP KxB ( 2 8 . . . 35 Q-R8ch K-K2
R(Ql )-Q2 29 B-K5) 29 Q-N4ch, etc. 36 QxPch K-Q3
37 Qx8( K5 )ch K-Q2
75 . Botvinnik-Chekhover
38 Q-K85 ch K-8 3
39 P-Q5ch K-84
40 8-R3ch Kx8P
41 Q-K4ch K-86
42 8-N4ch K-N7
43 Q-Nl mate
In the last three rounds Botvinnik, like

Flohr, only managed to draw his games,
so the two of them tied for top place,
having 1 3 points each. They were

followed by Lasker ( 1 2':1z), Capablanca
24 NxP! ? ( 1 2 ) and Spielmann ( 1 1 ) .
1 93 5
The King is Dead ? Long Live the King !
This was the title of an article in the explains the uneven course of the match,
magazine Cesk oslovensky Sach com which began on 3 October.
menting on the result of the match In the first seven rounds Alekhin won
between Alekhin and Euwe. Capablanca's four times and his opponent only once.
renowned conquerer, the master who No one at the time believed that a
outclassed his rivals in a number of reversal was possible. But that is what
international tournaments, had lost his happened, the next seven games going
title in a match that should have been a exactly the other way, so that the match
clear-cut affair. The question mark in the was all square at the end of the four
headline was meant to indicate that the teenth round. After that the world cham
fall of the king was difficult to believe. As pion used all his powers and won the
things turned out, it was not a permanent sixteenth and nineteenth games. But then
fall, for two years later Alekhin recovered he dropped two , the second with White
his title by a great margin, and everything after an unbelievably poor performance.
was in order again. There followed three draws and then
The result of the 1 9 3 5 match was like another defeat for Alekhin, again with
a bomb going off and was the subject of White. He incorrectly sacrificed three
numerous debates. The Russian master pawns in the opening, but his attacking
Snosko-Borovski, who had emigrated to chances came to nothing as a result of a
Paris, explained it as the work of simple tactical counter on Euwe's part.
mysterious forces. " Euwe is not a great The match was to be played over thirty
personality, because he is merely a tool in games and it seemed clear that another
the hands of fate ; and fate always finds defeat would really be the end for
some means of deposing a genius." Alekhin when the two rivals met for the
Assertions of this kind were really unj ust 26th game on 3 December.
to the new world champion. Admittedly
Euwe's tournament results were not up to Dutch Defence
those of Alekhin. On the other hand,
Euwe was at the height of his chess Euwe Alekhin
career. In addition, he displayed a
1 P-Q4 P·K3
remarkably thorough knowledge of chess
2 P-QB4 P-KB4
strategy and showed wonderful per
severance and great will-power. The main In the situation Alekhin's choice of
reason for Alekhin's defeat, however, was opening was tactically unwise. He still
the hectic life he was leading at the time. had two more games with White, so the
Prior to the match he paid no attention usual match tactics were called for :
to his physical condition. He took part in playing solidly with Black and making the
the Warsaw Olympiad in August before winning attempts with White. The world
doing a tour of the Baltic states. Then he champion, however, had obviously under
played in Paris on 15 September. This estimated his opponent right from the
World Championship Match 1935 107
start and was now all out to get revenge 1 7 P-84 P-K5
for the reverses he had suffered . A single 18 N -N4 P-84
win leading to a drawn match was not 1 9 N-82 N·Q2
enough for him.
The immediate B-B3 i s safer, e.g. 1 9
3 P-KN 3 8-N5ch . . . B-B 3 2 0 B x B RxB 2 1 N-K3 R-B2
4 8-Q2 8-K2 followed by N-Q2-B 3 .
5 8-N2 N-K83
20 N-K 3 8-8 3 ! ?
6 N-Q8 3 0-0
7 N-83 N-K5 I f 2 0 . . . N-B 3 , White would have a
positional advantage thanks to his strong
Alekhin was very fond of this knight bishop. Black therefore tries to exchange
sortie, adopting it also after a different off this piece. There is, however, a snag :
order of moves. Today it is considered White is given the opportunity to make a
unfavourable, for White can continue dangerous piece sacrifice.
with 8 P-Q5 ! followed by Q-B 2 , forcing
the exchange of the knight and main 76. Euwe-Alekhin
taining superiority in the·centre.
8 0-0 P-QN 3
In the 24th game Alekhin had played

8 . . B-B3 and had attained an advantage
.
as a result of faulty play by his opponent :

9 NxN ? PxN 1 0 N-Kl BxP 1 1 B x P BxNP!
1 2 BxRPch KxB 1 3 Q-B2ch K-N l 14
QxB N-B 3 . Instead White should have
replied with the quiet 9 Q-B 2 or the more
aggressive 9 P-QS ! , which is very strong in
this position. 21 NxP!
9 Q-82 8-N2 This sacrifice is no great risk . For the
1 0 N-K5 NxN! piece White gets three pawns, whose
elimination will eventually cost Black
This leads to full equality, since White
material.
dare not attempt to win the exchange : 1 1
BxB ? NxKPch 1 2 K-R l NxQP 1 3 Q-Q3 21 8x8
QN-B 3 1 4 BxR QxB , etc. 22 NxQP Q-Nl
2 3 NxP 8-83
11 8xN 8x8 24 N-Q2 P-KN4!
12 Kx8 Q 81
-
An excellent move ! To offset the

13 P-Q5 P-Q3
P-K4 advance of White's central pawns, Black
14 N-Q3
requires counter-play, and this is only
15 K-Rl P-8 3
possible on the king's wing.
Threatening 16 . . . PxP 17 PxP Q-B S .
White's delay i n making the advance P-QS 25 P-K4 PxP
means that he fails to secure an ad 26 PxP 8-Q5
27 P.K5 Q-K l
vantage.
28 P-K6 R-KNl !
16 Q-N3 K-Rl
White must not take Black's counter
More logical ts 16 . . . P-B4 to avoid play on the KN file too lightly. The reply
wasting time. 29 PxN? is answered by 29 . . . Q-K7.
29 N·B 3 ( ? ) fice on KN4 does not save the game for
T his s hould lead t o a more or less Black either, e.g. 32 . . . RxN? 3 3 PxR
forced draw. Instead 29 Q·KR 3 ! would Q-K4 34 Q-QB 3 ! , and White has an easily
set Black an extremely difficult task in won endgame thanks to his un ited passed
stopping the united passed pawns. pawns.
3 3 PxN RxP
29 Q·N 3
3 4 Q-K3
30 R·KNl BxR
31 RxB Black has a difficult defence. He
cannot, for example, take the QNP, for
77. Euwe-Alekhin after 34 . . . QxNP 3 5 Q-K5ch (better
than 3 5 Q-K6 Q-N 2 36 N-B 7ch RxN! 37
RxQ RxR) 3 5 . . . QxQ 36 PxQ White's
united passed pawns cannot be stopped.
34 . • . R-K2
3 5 N-K6 R-KBl
Again the QNP cannot be taken : 3 5
. . . QxNP 36 P-Q6 R-Q2 37 N-N 5 ,
threatening 38 Q-K6 o r 3 8 Q-KSch. When
the endgame is reached the QNP will not
be of any great importance. The decisive
31 . • . Q·B 3? factor will be whether Black will have
W h y Alekhin made this losing move is enough time to stop the passed pawns.
difficult to explain. After the correct 3 1 36 Q·KS !
. . . Q·B4! 3 2 PxN RxRch 3 3 KxR
QxP(Q2) 34 K·B2 Q·KN2 he would have The clearest way to victory. If 36 P-N 3
had nothing to fear. The important dif· or 36 Q-KN3, White would have the
ference between the two queen moves is better position, though the situation
that, after 3 1 . . . Q-B4 ! , White cannot would be less clear cut.
reply 3 2 N-N 5 ? on account of 32 . . . 36 . . . QxQ
P-KR 3 ! ( 32 . . . RxN 3 3 PxR Q-K5ch 3 7 PxQ R·B 4
would give Black a draw, but there is
more than that in it for him) 3 3 N-B7ch Here Black could have tried to save
K-R 2, leaving Black a rook up. It is himself by going into a rook ending by 37
probable that Alekhin either failed to see . . . RxN 38 PxR R-B4 39 R-K l K-Nl 40
White's reply or underestimated it and R-K3 K-B l . If White then continues with
assumed that the position justified an 41 R-QR 3 ? , Black has drawing chances
attempt to play for a win. The reason for with 41 . . . RxP 42 RxP R-K8ch 43
such a bad mistake is certainly a psycho· K-N2 R-K7ch 44 K-N 3 RxNP.
logical one, for the tactical consequences However, White has a stronger line in
41 K-N2 ! K-K2 42 R-QR3 RxP 43 RxPch
of 3 1 . . . Q-B4 are easy to see.
KxP 44 K-B 3 R-R4 45 R-QN 7 , etc.
3 2 N·NS ! R·N2
38 R·Kl
If 32 . . . P-KR 3 ? , White can finish the
There is also a win by 38 R-N5 RxR
game off prettily by 3 3 N-B 7 ch K-R2 34
39 NxR K-N 2 40 P-K6 K-B 3 41 N-K4ch
Q-Q3ch R-N3 35 N-K5 ! NxN 36 PxN
K-K4 42 P-Q6 ! etc.
Q-N2 37 P-Q6 R-KNl 38 QxRch QxQ 39
RxQ KxR 40 P-Q7. The exchange sacri- 38 . . . P-KR 3
World Championship Match 1935 109
Both sides were in dire time-trouble 41 N-86 R-Kl
and did not even give RxN a thought. 42 P-K7 P-N4
After 38 . . . K-N l , the simplest way to 43 N-QS! K-N2
win is 3 9 R-KN l ch K-Rl 40 R-N S . 44 N-N7 K-83
45 R-K6ch K-N4
39 N-QS ! R-87 46 N-Q6 RxKP
40 P-K6 R-Q7 47 N-K4ch ! Resigns
AVRO Tournament 1 9 3 8
Fine's Poor Second Half
The idea of getting the world 's greatest cut : Fine S \12 , Keres 4, Alekhin and
chess players together in a single tourna Botvinnik 3. In the last round of the first
ment is an old one. Many tournament half the two leaders came face to face. As
organizers have done their best to put it Fine had White it was not expected that
into effect. But whether it was St Peters there would be any great change in the
burg 1 909, San Sebastian 1 9 1 1 or table.
Semmering-Baden 1 9 3 7, there were al Keres's great knowledge of opening
ways some of the to p stars missing . The theory-in this case the Ruy Lopez
first complete success was achiev<!d by proved to be an asset, and the game soon
the A VRO broadcasting corporation, reached the endgame stage, where White 's
which organized a tournament that was weakened pawns were compensated for
played in several Dutch towns. All the by possession of the two bishops.
top grandmasters, including the world
78. Fine-Keres
champion, Alekhin, took part. The chess
world saw it as the first candidates
tournament for the world championship.
It was generally expected that there
would be a title match between the
winner (or number two if Alekhin should
win) and the world champion.
The tournament was a double-round
one, and in the case of a tie the winner
was to be determined by the Sonneborn
Berger System . The American grand
master Fine had a brilliant start. He
defeated Botvinnik in the first round and
Reshevsky, with B lack, in the second. 25 . . . NxQP
Then, after drawing with Capablanca in a
dramatic game, he produced a fine posi This leads to great complications,
tional performance to defeat Euwe. He which White should avoid . Instead 26
followed this up with victories over NxQP BxN 27 BxN would give him a
Flohr, in impressive combinational style, draw, for 27 . . . NxP is not possible on
and Alekhin , against whom he had Black account of 28 R-N 2 .
in the sixth round.
2 6 N-Q4?
Keres started much more modestly,
drawing his first three games. Then, how Fine trusts that the threat 27 RxB
ever, he exploited an opening error to win KxR 28 N-B 6ch will see him through, but
against Reshevsky, and after a draw with Keres has calculated further.
Alekhin he won in excellent style against
Capablanca. Nevertheless the position 26 N-N S
after the sixth round seemed fairly clear 27 B-Q2
Avro Tournament 1 938 11I
Not good is 2 7 NxP on account of 27 56 K-Q3 K-8 5
. . . B-B 3 followed by P-Q4. After the 5 7 R-N8 K-N6
text-move it looks as if Black has no 58 Resigns
adequate defence to 28 BxN RxB 29
The second half produced some sur
N-B6. The point of Black 's whole man
prises. Keres played extremely cautiously
oeuvre, however, rests on a pretty
and drew all his games. The leader,
exchange sacrifice.
Fine, seemed to have lost his form
27 P-Q4! completely. After a draw against
28 8xN Rx8 Botvinnik in the ninth round he ran into
29 N-8 6 Px8 difficulties in a game where he had White
30 NxR PxP against Reshevsky. He also got into time
31 N-Q5 N-Q6! trouble and had to make twelve moves in
32 R-Q2 P-N7 three minutes. Although he succeeded in
33 R-Ql P-84 reaching the time control, even improving
34 R-QNl P-85 his position considerably into the bargain,
35 K-81 8-84 he again became very short of time before
the next time control and had to make
Winning the third pawn, which vir eight moves in one minute. On this
tually decides the game.
occasion he was not so successful and
36 K-K2 8xP
exceeded the time in a drawn position on
37 N-K3 P-86! his 5 5th move, with one more move to
38 N-82
go. He then had an interesting draw with
Capablanca, but in his game with Euwe
If 38 KxN, then 38 . . . BxN 39 KxP he suffered another unnecessary loss
B-B8. again with the White pieces-this time
owing to an error in the opening. As a
38 N-K8! result he lost his lead. In the next round
39 N-R3 he had a quick draw with Flohr, but only
managed to stay in second place because
If 39 NxN, then 39 . . . BxN 40 K-Q3 Botvinnik, in a good position , blundered
B-Q7 . against Euwe and lost. Two rounds before
the end the leading scores were Keres 7'h,
39 8-84
Fine 7, Alekhin and Botvinnik 6'h.
40 KxN 8xN
41 K-Ql 8-Q3 The dramatic penultimate round vir
42 K-82 8xP tually decided the tournament. Here
43 R-KRl 8-K4
44 RxP K-8 2
45 R-Rl P-N4
46 R-Kl K-8 3
47 R-KNl K-N 3
48 R-Kl 8-8 3
49 R-KNl P-N 5 !
50 PxP P-8 5
51 P-N5 8-Q5
52 R-Ql 8-K6
53 Kx8P 8-88
54 R-Q6ch KxP
55 R-QN6 P-86 Position after Black's 3 6th move
1 12 Pachman 's Decisive Games
Keres was lucky to escape with half a 8 PxP NxP(? )
point.
A s a result of this game, taking by the
White can win here by 37 N-K8 ! , for
knight is considered weaker than 8 . . .
Black cannot effectively defend his QP,
PxP.
e.g. 37 . . . B-B8dis ch 38 K-B 3 R-N4 39
R-Q8 o r 3 7 . . . B-R4dis ch 38 K-B 3 9 NxN PxN
R-N4 39 N-Q6. Capablanca, however, 1 0 P-K84! 8x8
went after a less important pawn.
In some books of instruction 10
37 NxP? PxP B-N4 is recommended, but then 1 1
38 N-KS BxBch PxB 1 2 Q-N3 is unpleasant .
Or 38 PxP B-B8dis ch 39 K-B 3 R-KR7.
11 Qx8ch Q-Q2
38 8-88dis ch 12 QxQch KxQ
39 K-Q3 R-Q7ch 13 PxP K-K3
40 K-83 R-KN7 14 8-84 R-K8 1
41 PxP 8xP
42 R-R7ch Black must not delay recapturing the
Drawn pawn even if it involves this unnatural
looking move, for otherwise White could
This gift of half a point proved to be use the manoeuvre 15 N-Q2-B 3, after
very valuable to Keres, for his rival Fine which it is no easy matter to get the pawn
was m very aggressive form in the same back.
round.
1 5 N-Q2 8xP
1 6 N-N 3 8x8
Ruy Lopez
1 7 Rx8 P-N 3
Fine Alekhin 80. Fine-Alekhin
1 P-K4 P-K4
2 N-KB 3 N-Q83
3 8-NS P-QR 3
4 8-R4 P-Q 3
5 0-0
This natural developing move is now
considered to be the best continuation.
But first the theoreticians had to show
that the reply 5 . . B-NS 6 P-KR3
.
P-KR4! ? need not be feared on account

of 7 P-Q4 or 7 P-B4. At first sight, Black's position appears
5 . . . 8-Q2 to be quite sound and White's KP some
6 P-83 what weak. However, White has pressure
The gambit 6 P-Q4 is best replied to on the KB file and is ahead in develop
by the solid 6 . . . N-B 3 , for 6 . . . P-QN4 ment.
7 B-N 3 NxP 8 NxN PxN 9 P-B 3 PxP 1 0
18 P-QR4! K-K4?
Q-R S o r 9 . . . P-Q6 1 0 P-QR4! is good
for White. The king is more exposed here than on
6 P-KN 3 K 3 . Black should instead have prevented
7 P-Q4 8-N2 the threatened advance P-QRS by playing
Avro Tournament 1 938 113
18 . . . P-QR4. He gets his last suitable Black would lose even more quickly
opportunity to do this on the next move. by 26 . . . P-B3 27 NxRP R-Q3 28 P-K5 !
PxP 29 R-B7ch.
1 9 P-N 3 N-B3
27 RxPch K-Q3
By attacking the KP Black develops 2 8 N-B3 P-KN4
with a gain of tempo, but he combines 29 N-Q4 R-Kl
this with a faulty plan. 30 R-KR7 R-Rl
31 R(Bl)-B7 RxR
20 N-Q2 ! N -R4?
32 RxR R-KB l
After this decentralization of the 33 RxPch N-B 3
knight the game is lost. A much better 34 N-B3 K-B4
continuation is 20 . . . N-Q2, which 35 N-Q2 P-N 5
enables Black to consolidate his position. 36 R-N 6 N-Q2
It is possible that Alekhin was afraid of 37 RxKNP N K4 -
21 QR-KBl K-K3 22 N-B 3 P-KB 3 2 3 38 R-N5 K-Q3

P-K5 ! ? , though this would probably only 39 R-B 5 R-Ql
lead to a draw : 23 . . . NxP 24 NxN KxN 40 N-B3 N-Q6
25 R-Kl ch K-Q4 26 R-Q4ch K-B 3 27 41 R-Q5 ch K-K2
R-K7 P-QN4. 42 Rx R KxR
43 P-N 3 K-K2
21 R-B 2 ! 44 N-Q2 P-R4
45 K-Bl P-N4
This quiet retreat is much better than 46 K-K2 Resigns
21 N-B 3ch K-K3 22 N-N5 ch K-K2.
The last round did not change the
21 K-K3 order in the table, for the game Keres-
22 P-R5 R-R l Fine ended in a draw on the nineteenth
move. These two were thus equal in
O r 22 . . . P-QN4 2 3 N-N 3 , threatening points, but Keres had the better
N-B 5 ch. Sonnenborn-Berger count and so
emerged as victor. A short time later he

2 3 QR-KBl KR-Ql challenged Alekhin to a world champion
24 N-B 3 K-K2 ship match, an event which never took
If 24 . . . P-KB 3 , then 25 N-Q4ch place because of the war. In the post-war
K-Q2 (or B2) 26 P-KN4. period Keres continued to strive for the
highest trophy but without success. In
25 PxP PxP the candidates tournaments he always
26 N-N5 P-R3 played the role of a crown prince.
AVRO Tournament 1 9 38
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pts Prize
1 Fine 0 'h 1 1h 1 1 1 0 1 0 'h 'h 1 1h B'h I , II
2 Keres 1 1h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 'h 'h B'h I, I I
3 Botvinnik 0 1h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 7'h Ill
4 Alekhin 0 0 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 1h 1 'h 1 7 IV
5 Euwe 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 0 'h 0 1h 0 1 1 1h 7 IV
6 Reshevsky 0 1 0 1h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1h 'h 'h 1 'h 7 IV
7 Capablanca 'h 'h 0 'h 1h 0 'h 0 1 0 'h 'h 'h 1 6
8 Flohr 0 1h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 0 4'h
Prague 1 942
Alekhin Announces Mate in Seven
The Duras Masters Tournament, played in the public would have been in normal
Prague in December 1 942, was the first circumstances. But the circumstances
big chess event I had ever watched. At were not normal. T here was fighting
that time I had no inkling of the fact that going on near Stalingrad and the news
I myself would be taking part in a major from there was beginning to fill us with
tournament some four months later-and optimism. My brother was still in a
if I had, I wouldn't really have believed it. concentration camp after three years, and
But to return to the matter in question. I had already been subjected to interro
My visit to the tournament hall filled me gation by the Gestapo. For more than
with awe and a deep feeling of satis four hours I watched the slender youth ,
faction, even though in my worn-out suit the feelings of a chess player attracting
and exp erien cing pangs of hunger I did me to him. At the same time I knew he
not quite feel at my best. was the symbol of something I could
After a certain time the awe and the never like. Such feelings were shared by
shyness of a person from the provinces the great majority of the spectators,
visiting the capital were forgotten. In feelings that expressed themselves in a
fact, at one stage I was so vociferous in rather naive form of pan-Slavism . For us
expressing my feelings that I received a Alekhin was neither the world champion
friendly, though energetic, warning fro m nor an emigre. Nor was he a person
the chief organizer, Mr Kende. This enjoying the protection of the rulers of
occurred during a game which created an this part of the world. He was first and
atmosphere of tense excitement in the foremost a Slav and therefore one of us.
hall and which, for all those present, had It was a key game, played in the last
an importance going far beyond the field round, Alekhin having White. J unge was
of chess. in the lead with 8� points from 1 2
Seated at the board were the world games ; Alekhin had one point less, so the
champion, A. Alekhin, and the nineteen scene had been wonderfully set for this
year-old German champion, Klaus Junge. last-round game, which was later awarded
At that time I had already heard some a brilliancy prize. When news got around
very unfavourable stories about Alekhin's that Alekhin h ad announced mate in
past and present way of life. He drank a seven, I forgot my awe of the masters and
lot, he was difficult to get on with, he began to recite the mating variation to
was irritable, he tortured the organizers in the spectators around me. Today I do not
every tournament, and he was brusque to know whether I got it right or not, but in
the spectators. His opponent, a tall, the excited atmosphere prevailing that
slender youth with sincere eyes who, at was of no great importance.
the age of nineteen, had already attained
a higher level of play than many present Catalan System
day grandmasters , was a modest and
likeable person. Alekhin J unge
T here can be no doubt on whose side 1 P-Q4 P-Q4
Prague 1942 115
2 P-QB4 P-K3 8 1 . Alekhin-J unge
3 N-KB 3 N-KB 3
4 P-KN 3
In this form the Catalan System has

now almost completely disappeared from
tournament play. There are several ways
of equalizing, one of which is used by
Junge, who at that time was already an
expert on theory. Black has a more
difficult task after 1 P-QB4 P-K3 2 P-KN 3
P-Q4 3 B-N 2 .
4 . . . PxP White's last move is the only way of
5 Q-R4ch QN-Q2 trying to seize the initiative. It is inter
esting to read Alekhin's notes on it and
If White had played B-KN2 instead of White's eighth move, Q-B6 : " White con
N-KB 3 , he could continue 6 QxBP P-QR 3 tinues his plan. The fact that he thereby
7 Q-B 2 , after which Black would have loses a pawn need not worry him for the
some difficulty in developing his bishop following reasons: ( 1 ) From the posi
to QN 2. His best course would then be 7 tional point of view White has more
. . . P-B4 8 N-KB3 P-QN 3 ! than adequate compensation in the
6 8-N2 P-QR3
bishop pair, the weak white squares in the
7 QxBP P·QN4
opponent's position and the open QR
8 Q-86 file. (2) From the psychological point of
view it was certainly not wrong to tempt
It is part of Alekhin's plan to get his my opponent to pick up material in this
opponent's rook to QNl , though it is by decisive game. A disturbance of material
no means certain that the rook is not equality often mentally upsets the 'fortu
better off there than on QRl . After the nate' possessor of the extra material. "
usual 8 Q-B2 B-N2 9 P-QR4, both 9 . . . These are certainly interesting com
P-B4 and 9 . . . P-QN S are possible. ments both from the strategical and
psychological point of view. Alekhin,
8 ... R-QN l
however, did not mention the possibility
At Nottingham in 1936 against Capa of his opponent declining the sacrifice.
blanca, Reshevsky played 8 . . . R-R2 , Four months later the same variation
which is a less natural, though a quite occurred in a game Thelen- Foltys, when
satisfactory, move. the latter played 1 1 . . Q-N 3 ! 12 PxNP
_
PxNP and got a satisfactory position.

9 0-0 An experienced grandmaster would
have declined the sacrifice in Junge's
The aggressive 9 B-B4 need not worry
position. But the very talented youth had
Black. In the game Szabo-Geller (Candi
confidence in his ability and d id not fear
dates Tournament 19 5 3) the game was
complications.
quickly equalized : 9 . . . N-Q4 10 B-NS
11 BxN
B-K2 1 1 BxB QxB 12 0-0 B-N2 1 3 Q-B 2
1 2 BxB PxQP
P·QB4.
1 3 PxP PxP
9 B-N2 14 R-Ql Q-N 3
10 Q-82 P-B4 It would be bad to defend the pawn
1 1 P-QR4 ! by 14 . . . B-B4 on account of 1 5 B·B4 !
P-K4 ( 1 5 . . . R-QB l 1 6 B-N7 or 1 5 . . . 20 8-86ch N-Q2
R-N3 1 6 P-QN4 BxP 1 7 B-B7 and White 2 1 8xNch Kx8
wins the exchange) 1 6 BxKP NxB 1 7 22 Q-R7ch
QxB NxBch 1 8 PxN , when Black has
nothing better than to let the pawn go by 82. Alekhin-Junge
18 . . . Q-K2 .
1 5 N-Q2 P-K4
16 N-N 3 N-84 ! ?
Whether b y design o r oversight, Black

allows a dangerous exchange sacrifice.
However, it is unjust to call the move a
mistake , for normal development would
leave White with considerable pressure,
e.g. 16 . . . B-K2 17 P-K3 PxP 18 BxP
Q-K3 19 B-R7 R-Ql 20 N-R5 or 16 . . .
22 K-8 3 ?
B-B4 1 7 B-N 5 ! and Black cannot play 1 7
. . . QR-Bl? o n account of 1 8 R(Ql )-QB l 22 . K-B l also loses a t once, for
0-0 1 9 BxN followed by 20 B-N4. there is no defence to 2 3 B-N 5 ! , threaten
ing 24 R-QB l ch. But there is a stronger
17 NxN 8xN
move in 2 2 . . . K-Q3 ! , which Junge
rejected because of 2 3 B-B4. However, as
If Black takes with the queen, White
Alekhin pointed out after the game, the
can recover the pawn and retain the two
impressive 2 3 B-B4 only leads to a draw:
bishops: 1 7 . . . QxN 1 8 B-B6ch K-Ql 1 9
23 . . . PxB 24 RxPch K-B 3 ! 25 R-Ql
QxQ BxQ 2 0 BxP. Alekhin, however, had
KR-QB l ( 2 5 . . . R-N3 26 R-QB l ch K-Q4
a different plan, involving a piece sacri
2 7 Q-B 7 ! ) 26 R-QB l ch K-Q4 27 R-Ql ch
fice: 1 7 . . . QxN 18 B-B6ch K-Ql 1 9
with perpetual check. N evertheless
Q-KB 5 ! QxB 20 QxKP with a decisive
Alekhin, in his annotations, called this
attack, e.g.
(i) 20 . . . B-Q3 21 RxP R-N3 ( 2 1 . . . drawing variation White's best line,
K-B2 2 2 RxB ! QxR 2 3 R-R7ch) 22 B-B4 though it can safely be assumed that in
N-Kl (22 . . . K-Q2 2 3 Q-KB 5ch followed the event he would have chosen some
by 24 RxB) 2 3 R-R7! K-B l ( 2 3 . . . R-N2 thing different, for a draw would have
24 R-R8ch K-B2 25 RxB) 24 Q-KB 5 ch been tantamount to failure. (Foltys, who
and 2 5 QxBP. occupied third place, was l 'h points
(ii) 20 . . . N-Q2 21 RxP R-Bl 22 behind). He would certainly have looked
B-Q2 ! P-N5 (22 . . . B-B4 23 B-R5ch for a way of strengthening his attack. The
B-N 3 24 RxNch KxR 25 R-Ql ch ) 2 3 continuation 23 B-Q2? Q-Q2 ! 24 B-N4ch
R-Q8 1 QxRch ( 2 3 . . . Q-N2 2 4 RxRch K-K3 25 Q-R6ch K-B4 is inadequate,
QxR 2 5 B-N 5 ch P-B 3 26 BxPch) 24 BxQ since the Black king, although in a strange
RxBch 2 5 K-N2 R-B2 26 Q-Q5 winning. location , is quite safe. There is more to be
hoped for from 2 3 P-B4. Black then loses
1 8 R-R6 ! QxR if he continues with 23 . . . P-B 3 ? 24
1 9 Qx8 Q-K3 ! PxPch PxP 2 5 B-B4 ! PxB 26 QxQPch !
K-K2 (without the moves 2 3 P-B4 P-B 3 ?
The only move. 19 . . . N-Q2 loses, e.g. Black 's king would b e quite safe o n K2 ;
20 B-B6 P-B 3 21 Q-Q6 or 20 . . . QR-Bl 2 1 as it is Black is lost) 27 QxNPch Q-B 2 28
QxKPch K-Ql 22 BxN KxB 2 3 RxPch . R-Q7ch. In this line other king moves are
Prague 1 942 117
no better, e.g. 26 . . . K-B2 27 Q-R7ch 24 P-K4
K-B3 28 R-QB l ch or 26 . . . K-B 3 2 7
R-QB l ch K-N2 28 QxNPch. Quite simple, but such simple moves
Going back a little, however, Black has are easily overlooked, especially when
another reply to 23 P-KB4, viz. 23 . . . there are a number of threats to be
Q-Q2 ! , e.g . 24 PxPch K-K3 25 Q-R6ch parried. Black's king is prevented from
K-K2 26 B-N5ch K-K l , and the king is retreating and there is the terrible threat
out of danger, though Black will still have of 25 R-B l ch . If now 24 . . . PxP e.p. ,
difficulty in consolidating his position. then 2 5 BxP P-N5 26 Q-B 5 ch K-N2 2 7
This last line is probably the way the R-Q7ch ! QxR 28 Q-N6ch K-Rl 2 9
game would have gone if Junge had made Q-QR6ch, and i f Black instead tries to
the correct decision at the critical escape by 24 . . . P-N5 there follows 25
moment. R-Rl ! R-N 3 . 26 P-N3 ! QxP 27 R-QB l ch
K-N4 28 RxR Q-Q8ch 29 K-N2 QxB 30
2 3 B-Q2 KR-QB l Q-Q7ch, winning.
Black had been relying on this, but
24 Q-N6
had overlooked White's quiet reply. How
25 R-Rl P-N S
ever, after the mistake on the previous
move there is no way of saving the game, There is no adequate defence to 26
e.g. R-R6ch. In his notes, Alekhin gives a
(i) 2 3 . . . Q-Q2 24 R-QB l ch K-Q3 25 pretty counter to 25 . . . R-N 3 , viz. 26
B-N4ch K-K3 26 R-B7 Q-Q4 27 RxP. B-R5 R(N 3 )-Nl 2 7 B-Q8 ! but does not
(ii) 2 3 . . . K-Q4 24 P-B 3 ! Q-Q3 2 5 mention the simple 26 R-QB l ch. After
QxBPch K-B3 2 6 B-R5 ! the text-move Alekhin announced mate
(iii) 2 3 . . . KR-QI 24 R-QBl ch (or 24 m seven.
P-K4) 24 . . . K-Q4 2 5 R-B 5 ch K-K5 26
P-B 3 ch K-B4 27 R-B6 ! QxR 28 QxBPch 26 R-R6ch K-N4
Q-KB 3 29 P-KN4 mate. 27 R-RSch K-83
Anyone who is interested can find a 28 Q-B Sch K-Q2
number of other mating patterns. 29 R-R7ch Resigns
Prague 1942
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pts Prize
1 Alekhin 1 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 'h 'h 1 B'h I, I I
2 Junge 0 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 'h 1 1 B 'h l, I I
3 Foltys 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 7 II I
4 Opocensky 0 'h 0 0 1 1 'h 'h 6 'h IV, V
5 Zita 'h 0 'h 1 'h 0 'h 'h 1 1 6'h IV, V
6 Kottnauer 0 0 0 1 'h 0 1 1 1 'h 1 6 VI
7 Rejfir 'h 0 'h 0 1 1 0 1 'h 0 S 'h
s Hromadka 0 0 0 0 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 4
9 Podgorny 0 'h 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h 0 1 4
10 Thelen 'h 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 4
1 1 Samisch 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 3
1 2 Prokop 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 'h -
2 'h
26 Groningen 1 9 46
Defeat of the Two Leaders
The chess world had been without a Euwe had quite a b it of luck and as a
champion for about six months, the result managed to win his game against
previous title-holder having died while the oldest competitor, t he 6 5-year-o ld Dr
still in possession of his title-the only Bernstein.
world champion to do so. While his
8 3. Bernstein-Euwe
departure put an end to speculation
about his chess future and his non-chess
exploits, it left unsolved the question of
who was to ascend the vacant throne. The
Dutch Federation claimed the title for
their representative, Dr Euwe, on the
grounds that he had at least temporarily
taken the title from Alekhin and that he
had been the last to play a match with
him. However, although Euwe was at the
height of his chess powers, there were a
number of others who were at least as Position after Black's 3 6th move
well qualified as he was . The almost
unanimous opinion of the chess world 37 P-QR4? ?
was, therefore, that the title should be One of those inexplicable psycho
fought for. The first tournament of the logical mysteries that influence the result
elite to help throw light on the question of nearly every tournament. After a
of determining the future champion took waiting move the game would be drawn.
place at Groningen, Holland, in August The following continuation would also
and September 1 946. lead to a draw : 3 7 N-B 5 ch K-Q4 38 N-N7
The tournament could not boast of P-R5 39 PxP BxP 40 N-R 5 .
the participation of all the top p layers, 37 BxN
for the American grandmasters Reshevsky 38 KxB K-Q4
and Fine (the latter having virtually 39 P-QN4
retired from active chess) were missing.
So too was the winner of the 1 9 38 Bernstein had based his original calcu
AVRO Tournament, Keres, who at the lations on 39 K-B 3 K-B4? 40 P-QN4ch
time was not taking part in international PxPch 41 K-N 3 P-B4 42 P-R5 P-K5 43
tournaments. PxP PxP 44 P-R6 K-N 3 45 KxP, but then
The struggle for first place was con he realized that 39 K-B 3 loses to 3 9 . . .
fined to two players. After the thirteenth P-B4! 40 P-QN4 PxPch 41 KxP K-Q5 ! ,
round Botvinnik was in the lead with 1 1 Vi for although White pushes his pawn
points, one point ahead of Dr Euwe. Next through first, his opponent does so with
came Smyslov and Szabo with 8Vz points, check and then wins White's queen.
b ut both of them were virtually out of 39 PxP
the ru nning . I n the fourteenth round 40 P-R5 P-84
Groningen 1 946 119
41 P-R6 P-K5ch 23 QxNch !
42 PxP PxPch 2 4 KxQ N-K5ch
43 K-K3 K-8 3 2 5 Resigns
44 KxP K-N 3
45 K·Q3 KxP
Euwe had thu s caught up with
Botvinnik. In the next round he even
and Black wins. went ahead by a full poi:it. He defeated
Dr Vidmar in a well-played positional
Botvinnik had White against Kotov
game, while his rival, Botvinnik lost his
and unexpectedly departed from his own
second consecutive game, and this time
system. After 1 P-Q4 N-KB 3 2 P-QB4
quite unnecessarily.
P-K3 3 N-QB3 B-N5 4 P-QR 3 BxNch 5
PxB P-Q4 6 PxP PxP he played 7 B-N5 8 5. Yanofsky-Botvinnik
instead of 7 P-K3 , and later got into a
strategically lost position.
84. Botvinnik-Kotov
Black has a distinct positional advan

Position after White's 20th move tage thanks to his opponent's weak QNP
20 . . . P-8 5 ! and QP. He should now continue with 34
. . . R-N l or B-QN4. Instead he un
This threatens P-KN4, winning the KP . accountably takes the QNP at once and
Curiously enough White has no satis allows his opponent to get a decisive pin
factory defence; e.g. 2 1 P-N 3 P-KN4 22 on his knight.
N-N2 N-R4! 23 P-B4 N-B 3 followed by
BxKRP. 34 NxP?
35 R-K2 ! 8·R4?
21 P-N4 P-KN4
22 N-K2 This second mistake loses the game.
Or 22 N-N2 Q-R 7 2 3 B-K2 RxP! The correct line is 35 . . . R-B8ch ! 3 6
QxR NxB , when Black 's two bishops and
22 . . . RxP! consolidated position should ensure a
23 N-N 3 ? draw.
White would lose even quicker b y 2 3
36 R-N2 R-QN l
N-N l N-K5 ch ! 24 PxN Q-N6 mate. The
relatively best defence is 23 QxR Q-R7ch Black would get more practical
24 B-N2 RxQ 2 5 KxR QxB 26 R-Rl , chances by 36 . . . Q-N 3 ! 37 N-B2 R-QN l
though in this case Black would have 38 N-Q2 NxB ! 39 RxQ RxR ( but not 39
little difficulty in parrying the threatened . . . BxR 40 N-K 3 ! NxP? 41 N(Q2)- B4!
QR-KN l , e.g. 26 . . . N-K 5 ! 27 PxN B-R2 42 Q-B 2 winning) 40 Q-Ql BxN 41
QxKPch. QxB N-B 5 .
37 N-Q2 ! Q- R2 result of two victories in the next two
38 N(Q2)-84 Q-84 rounds (against Christoffel and Guimard)
39 Nx8 QxN(R4) Botvinnik caught up with and overtook
40 N-82 Nx8 Euwe, who had in the meantime drawn
with Flohr and Tartakower. When the last
Now Black has to give up the ex
round began Botvinnik thus had a lead of
change in much less favourable circum
half a po int. Both players had equally
stances than on move 3 5 .
difficult tasks ; they both had Black and
41 RxRch K·N2 their opponents were of the same
42 N-K 3 Q-Q7 strength. That round, played on 7 Sep·
43 Q·K81 N-84 tember, proved to be the sensation of the
44 Q-Ql Q-86? whole tournament.
In view of his weak QP Blac k's posi·
Nimzo-Indian
tion is untenable. But he could have put
up more resistance by exchanging queens.
Najdorf 8otvinnik
As it is, White gets a d_irect king-side
attack. 1 P-Q4 P·K3
2 P-Q84 N·KB 3
45 R-N6 8-R5
3 N·Q8 3 8-N5
46 Q-8 3 Q-K8ch
4 Q-82 P·Q4
47 K-R2 P-84
5 PxP PxP
48 RxP
6 P-QR 3
White could have gone in for a knight
Najdorf's innovation, which should
sacrifice here, e.g. 48 NxPch ! PxN 49
scarcely cause Black any real trouble. But
Q-KN 3 ch K·B2 50 Q·R4 ! .
the usual continuation, 6 B·N5 P·KR 3 7
48 . . . P-8 5 BxN (7 B·R4 P·B4) 7 . .QxB, only holds
.
49 N-8 5 ch ! out a very slight chance of maintaining

the initiative.
The knight sacrifice i s even stronger
now. If Black accepts he loses quickly : 49 6 8xNch
. . . PxN 5 0 Q·R5 N·Q2 5 1 Q·R6ch K·B2 7 Px8 P-84
5 2 Q·K6ch K·N2 53 Q·K7ch K·Nl 54 8 N-8 3 Q·R4
R·QR6.
A comfortable way of getting a satis·
49 . . . K-82 factory game is 8 . . . Q·B2 9 Q·N2 P·QN 3
50 Q-N4 N-K5 followed by B·R3.
There is no defence to the threat of 5 1 9 N·Q2 8-Q2
Q·R4, e.g. 5 0 . . . Q·K5 51 Q·R4 ! QxN 52 1 0 N·N3 Q-R5
QxRPch K·K l 53 RxP. 1 1 Q·N2 N-R3
51 Q·R4! PxN 1 2 P-K 3 P-8 5
52 QxRPch K·Kl A double-edged move that leads to a
5 3 Q·N8ch Resigns strategically difficult position. It is sur·
With four rounds to go Euwe was thus prising that Botvinnik should choose such
a full point ahead. This lead was reduced a line in a game where, in all probability,
in the next round, however, when he a draw would have been sufficient to
drew with Stoltz after being on the verge ensure first prize. In the tournament
of defeat and Botvinnik won against book Euwe recommended 12 . . . PxP 1 3
Kottnauer from a drawn position. As a BPxP P·QN 3 , when Black equalizes be·
Groningen 1946 121
cause he has recourse to the manoeuvre 2 2 . . . QxB ? ? 2 3 BxPc h ! ) , which gives
N-B2 and B-N4. Another way of equaliz Black a second piece for his rook.
ing is 1 2 . . . P-QN 3 1 3 BxN QxB 14 PxP (Deviating with 2 2 K-B 2 would not help
0-0 followed by KR-QB l . Here the pawn in this line, for 22 . . . P-B6 23 Q-Nl NxP
is of no importance, for Black is wonder 24 BxRPch K-Rl 25 B-K3 N-K3 followed
fully developed. Both the above continua by P-Q5 then leaves Black with united
tions are not only better, but also more passed pawns, which should decide the
logical, than the line chosen by game.) The best continuation for White is
Botvinnik. 21 KR-Kl ( threatening 22 B-Q2) 2 1 . . .
N-R5 2 2 BxN QxB 2 3 B-B4, after which
1 3 N-Q2 0-0 Black has some problems in view of the
14 8-K2 P-QN4 open king's file.
1 5 8-Ql Q R4
-
16 8-82 KR-Kl 18 Q-8 2

1 7 0-0 QR-Nl ! 1 9 N-K5 8-K3
20 P-8 3 N-84!
86. Naj dorf-Botvinnik 21 8-Q2
Not 21 P-K4 N-R 5 22 BxN PxB 2 3
Q-QB2 R-N6.
21 . . . N-RS?
Here the knight is o ut o f play, which

later leads to some difficulties. Much
better is 2 1 . . . N(B4)-Q2! 22 NxN BxN
23 QR-Kl B-B 3 24 Q-N l Q-N2 25 R-K2
R-K2 26 R( B l )-Kl R(N l )-Kl . White
would, it is true, maintain the initiative
by either 27 Q-N4 followed by P-QR4 or
18 N-83 the sharp advance 27 P-N4. But even so
Black would have an easier task than in
The natural plan for White is to push the game.
forward in the cen tre by P-KB 3 and P-K4.
22 Q-Nl R-N 3
One way of preparing the thrust is 1 8
23 Q-Kl N-Q2
R-K l , but this has the disadvantage that
24 Q-R4 N-81
White gets behind in developmen t; e.g. 1 8
. . . R-K2 1 9 P-B 3 QR-Kl 20 P-K4 B-B4! If 24 . . . P-KR 3 , both 25 NxN QxN
21 P-K5 BxB 22 QxB P-N 5 ! and Black 26 P-K4 and 25 N-N4 are strong.
has an excellent game. An interesting line
25 P-K4! P-8 3
is 1 8 P-B 3 ! ? If Black replies 1 8 . . . RxP,
26 N-N4 N -N 3
White must not continue 1 9 NxP? on
27 Q-R 5 Q-K8 2
account of 1 9 . . . PxN ! (made possible
28 QR-Kl R(N 3 )-Nl
by Black's 1 7 . . . QR-N l ) . He has,
29 N-K3
however, a much stronger continuation in
1 9 N-K4! NxN ! 20 BxR NxP, when Black Positionally the decisive move, for
has two pawns for the exchange but has Black cannot hold the point Q4, e.g. 29
the disadvantage that his knight on QR 3 . . . N-N 3 30 P-B4! N-K2 31 QxQch BxQ
is not p articularly well placed. In this (or 3 1 . . . KxQ 32 P-B5 and 3 3 P-K5) 3 2
position White must not continue with 2 1 P-KS , and White gets a strong passed
B-Q2 ? N-K7ch 22 K-R l P-B 6 ! (but not pawn. If instead 29 . . . N-B 5 ? 30 QxQch
BxQ 3 1 NxBP ! , Black gets a poor Eu we now had his great chance. But in
position. this round, where nerves were showing,
he did not fare any better.
8 7 . Najdorf-Botvinnik
Queen's Gambit
Kotov Euwe
1 P·Q4 P-Q4
2 P-Q84 P·K 3
3 N·K8 3 N·K8 3
4 N·8 3 QN-Q2
5 PxP PxP
6 8·84 P.8 3
7 P·K3( ? )
This makes the development o f the
29 N-K2 bishop to KB4 a loss of tempo. Correct is
30 Q-R4 P-84? 7 P-KR 3 .
7 N·R4
After 30 . . . N-KN 3 ! 3 1 Q-N 3 N-K2
8 8·KN5 8·K2
( 3 1 . . . N-N3 3 2 P-B 4 ! ) , White has the
9 8x8 Qx8
u npleasant continuation 32 Q-B 7, though
10 8·Q3 N-8 5
Black could then put up a fight by 32 . . .
1 1 0-0 Nx8
P-QR 3 . After the text-move, o n the other
1 2 QxN 0-0
hand, he is in dire straits.
1 3 KR·Kl
31 P·N4! P-8 5 The plan to advance in the centre with

P-K4 is o nly occasionally effective in this
This loses material, but there is no system. However, a minority attack does
hope of salvation from the alternative, 3 1 not offer much hope of success in view of
. . . P-N3 3 2 KPxBP PxP 3 3 PxP NxKBP the simplified material : 1 3 QR-N l P-QR4
34 BxN( B 5 ) BxB 35 Q·N5 ch B-N 3 3 6 1 4 P-QR 3 N-B 3 1 5 P-QN4 PxP 1 6 PxP
NxQP, after which White wins n o t so P-KN3 .
much owing to his pawn superiority but
as a result of the weaknesses in his 13 . . . N-83
opponent's castled position. 14 N-K5 N-Kl
In order to answer 1 5 P-KB4 by 1 5 . . .

32 PxP! N·KN 3
P-KB3, driving the knight away from its
Or 3 2 . . . PxN 3 3 PxB QxP 3 4 QxPch strong position. At the same time Black's
K-Bl 35 RxP. own knight heads for Q3, preparing the
developing move B-B4.
3 3 Px8 RxP
15 P-K4 PxP
34 8xN(N6) Px8
1 6 QxP B-K3
35 N·N2 R(N l )-Kl
36 RxR RxR Black could equalize quite simply by
37 NxP R·K83 exchanging queens : 1 6 . . . P-B 3 17 N-Q3
38 Q·N5 NxP QxQ 1 8 NxQ B·B4. Euwe was probably
39 8xN RxN not much interested in simplifying so
40 K·N2 Resigns quickly, for a quick d raw was not what
- -
"
N
> > -
� -
- > > > >< >< ><
� � �
N .... .... 0 0
.... .... .... .... ....
0 .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... 0

N
°' .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... 0
....
00 .... .... .... .... .... .... 0
.... .... .... 0 ....
.... .... .... .... 0 .... 0
.... 0 .... 0 .... ....
0 .... .... .... 0
.... .... .... 0 .... 0 .... 0 0 .... 0 0 .... .... 0
N .... ....
.... 0 0
.... ....
.... 0 0
0 0 0 �
....
00 .... � � 0 0 .... � � .... � 0 .... 0 .... � � 0 0 0
.... � 0 0 0 0 0 � � � � � 0 0 0
� .... .... � .... 0 � .... 0 .... 0 � 0 0 � 0 � 0 0 0
N � .... � 0 0 � � � 0 .... � 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
.... � 0 .... 0 0 � 0 0 � .... 0 0 .... 0 0 0 0 0 0
r: ..
'i3 Ji.
r:
5
.3 Q
00 0
....
he was looking for. However, his 26 N-K4 RxNP 27 N-Q6 ! QxN 28 QxNch
opponent, if he had wished, could now Q-B l 29 QxKPch. After the text-move,
have brought about a d rawn position by however, White has actually two ways of
1 7 P-QS PxP 18 NxQP. winning, that chosen by Kotov ( 2 6 Q-Q8)
and the even quicker 26 Q-B8, e.g. 26 . . .
17 QR-Ql R-Ql
PxN 2 7 RxP or 26 . . . R-B7 27 K-B l
1 8 N-Q3 N-83
RxN 28 N-B7 !
1 9 Q-K5 R-Q3
20 N-84 R(81)-Ql ? 26 Q-Q8 QxQ
The first inaccuracy, which, however, 27 NxQ K-8 1
does not lead to a lost game. On the other
The knight on QB is now trapped, so
hand, 20 . . . Q-Q2 ! would have given
White is forced to play very accurately.
Black considerable pressure on the QP,
leaving White to look for a way of 28 P-N 3 P-KN 3
equalizing. 29 N-K4! P-R 3
21 Q-QR5 RxP Or 29 . . . K-K2 30 N-B6dis ch.
Again not the most accurate move. 30 N-85 N-Q3
Correct is 21 . . . P-QN 3 . 31 R-Ql K-K2
32 N(Q8)xNP
22 RxR RxR
2 3 QxP R-Q7 This wins the exchange, which is more
24 Q-R8ch N-Kl than sufficient for victory. (If Black takes
25 Nx8 the knight with his own knight, he will be
a piece down after 3 3 R-Q7ch.)
88. Kotov-Euwe
32 RxN
33 NxR NxN
34 K-N2 N-Q3
35 K-8 3 K-Q2
36 K-84 P-8 3
37 P-KR4 P-Q84
38 R-QNl K•82
39 R-N2 N-N2
40 K-K4 K-8 3
41 RxN ! P-84ch
42 K-Q3 KxR
43 K-84
25 . . . RxNP ? ?
Now the issue is decided by a distant
One of those moves that cannot even passed pawn.
be explained by the player making them.
After 25 . . . PxN Black would have had 43 K-N 3
no trouble in holding the game; in fact, 44 P-84 K-8 3
Kotov had intended to force a draw by 45 P-R4 Resign s
European Zonal 1 947
Strategy not Supported by Tactics
At the first post-war congress, which took When I arrived at Hilversum I did not
place in 1 9 46, the International Chess have a great number of successes to my
Federation discussed a question that was credit: victory in the Czechoslovak
of great interest to chess players through championship, a tie for first place in a
out the world, namely, how the new small tournament in Arbon and a tie for
world champion should be chosen; for 2nd- 5th places in the Warsaw tourna
A. A. Alekhin had died in Lisbon a few ment. I therefore had everything to play
months previously under mysterious cir for and nothing much to lose. I have
cumstances (suicide? ac c;,ident? ) . The con rarely played with such e!an , notching up
gress decided on a new solution: the new six victories in the first six rounds. Then,
world champion was to be determined by in the next, where I had Black , I drew
a match tournament of the six strongest with O'Kelly after failing to press home
players of the time-Botvinnik, Smyslov my advantage. (At the time no one
and Keres from the USSR, Reshevsky and realized what a vital effect this game was
Fine from the USA and Dr Euwe fro m to have on the final result. ) I followed
Holland. Fine declined the invitation to this up with a win in the eighth round,
take part , so the to urnament took the but then I slipped up and suffered two
unusual form of a quintuple-round event severe defeats, which seemed to put an
with five competitors. At the same time a end to all my hopes. However, in their
decision was taken on a system of quali youth people are inclined to fight on to
fying tournaments, which would produce the end , and against all expectations I
a challenger to the world champion two managed to make up lost ground by
years after the match tournament. winning against such strong opponents as
The syste m was not very well thought Dr Trifunovic and Szabo. Prior ro the last
out. For the whole of Europe, apart fro m round the leading scores were : O'Kelly
the USSR, there was to be only one zonal (who had played calmly and consistently
tournament, which meant that the throughout the tournament without
strongest chess natio ns were at a distinct losing a game) and Pachman 91h ,
disadvantage. However, any system was Scheltinga and Dr Trifunovic 9. The next
better than the arbitrary way in which players in the table were 2\12 points
the world champions had previously behind. O'Kelly had White against the
chosen their own opponents. tail-ender Doerner of Luxemburg, so I
In July 1 947 the champions of four realized that I would have to win at all
teen European cou ntries assembled in the costs. My task , however, was much more
Dutch town of Hilversum for F IDE's first difficult. I had Black against the Bul
zonal tournament. The right to go on to garian champion Zvetkov, who was well
the next stage was restricted to one known for his solid style of play.
player, the winner, though the "1umber Admittedly he had been completely out
was later in creased. In the case of a tie of form throughout the tournament, so
the Sonnenborn-Berger system was to he did not by any means present an
decide. insurmountable obstacle. And if I were to
win and tie with O ' Kelly, the Sonnen I4 N-84
born-Berger would split the tie in my Now White is threatening N-Q3
favour. followed by P-K 5 .
I4 . . . Q-N 2
Four Knights
I 5 QR-QI KR-QI ( ? )
Zvetkov Pachman This i s not a good move either, for the

rook will soon have to return to the king
1 P-K4 P-K4
file. I was playing the Steinitz Defence
2 N-K83 N-Q8 3
for the first time in my life and did not
3 N-83 N-8 3 feel at ease in the cramped position that
At the time the game was played, the arises from it.
Keres System , 3 . . . P-KN 3, which has I6 Q-82 8-KBI
the advantage of avoiding drawing vari I7 R-Q3 P-84
ations, was unknown. IS R( 81 )-QI R-KI
I9 P-KN4 ! ?
4 8-N5 P-Q3
Two rounds previously I had won Psychologically m y inaccurate play

against Dr Trifunovic using the variation had a positive side to it. It induced
4 . . . B-NS 5 0-0 0-0. In the present game Zvetkov to abandon his caution and
I purposely avoided this line because initiate an attack that was not really
White can get a quick draw by 6 BxN justified. He should have played 1 9
QPxB 7 NxP BxN 8 QPxB. N( B4)-QS instead.
5 P·Q4 8-Q2 I9 8-8 3

6 0-0 PxP 20 P-N5 N-Q2
2I Q-N3
On the previous move I had waited full
of anxiety, hoping that my opponent The position does not justify the
would not choose the simplifying 6 PxP. I queen moving to KN 3 . And yet, strangely
did not want to give him a second chance, enough, towards the end of the game it is
so I rejected the strongest move, 6 . . ; from this very square that the queen is
B-K2. able to deliver the coup de grace.
7 NxP 8-K2 2I P-R5 !

8 8xN Px8 2 2 R(Q3)-Q2 PxP
9 P-8 3 ? 2 3 RPxP R-R6!
With the dangerous threat of 24 . . .
A colourless continuation which leaves
Black without any opening problems. P-B S .
24 N(84)-Q5 R-K 3 !
9 0-0
10 8-K3 R-KI Eliminating any threats that White
I I Q-Q2 Q-N l ! might generate by N-B6ch.
I 2 P-QN 3 P-QR4 25 P-R4? 8xN!
Black's plan is to play P-QB4 and 26 Nx8 P-8 5 !
P-QRS at a suitable moment. A t this stage I seemed to have a very
real chance of winning the tournament.
I 3 N(Q4)-K2 Q-N 5 ( ? ) White loses a pawn, for he cannot play 2 7
Not very accurate, as White's next PxP on account of 2 7 . . . P-QB 3 28 N-B4
move shows. RxB 29 NxR PxN 30 Q-N4 N-B4, leaving
European Zonal 1 94 7 1 27
89. Zvetkov-Pachman KN2. If I had played the correct 29 . . .
RxKP, I would have won the game and
the tournament.
30 BxN Rx B
31 P-R6
90. Zvetkov-Pachman
Position after Black's 2 6th move
him behind in material and with no

compensating attack, e.g. 31 K-B2 R-B6
32 P-KS P-Q4.
27 B-Q4 PxP
28 PxP RxNP Now Black is suddenly confronted
29 P-RS ! ? N-K4?? with a violent attack. He cannot take the
KP ( 3 1 . . . RxKP 32 PxP KxP ( 3 2 . . .
An inexplicable case of hallucinations. BxP 3 3 N-B6ch) 3 3 N-B6 R-K4( K3) 34
Prior to making this move I had analysed Q-R4, winning), and 31 . . . P-N 3 is
29 . . . RxKP 30 N-B6ch NxN 3 1 PxN answered by 32 N-B6ch K-R l 33 Q-B4,
RxB ! 32 RxR RxP 3 3 Q-N2 Q-N6, which e.g. 3 3 . . . Q-N 3 ch 34 K-R2 Q-K6 35
leaves White hopelessly lost, for he is QxQ RxQ 3 6 R-QR l followed by 37
faced with the double threat of 34 . . . R-R 8. The only chance is 3 1 . . . R-K 3 !
R-N6 and 34 . . . RxP. Then at the last 3 2 PxP BxP 3 3 N-B6ch K-B l 34 N xPch
moment-when I was beginning to run K-K2 , with a defensible position though
into time-trouble-I took fright at the with no winning chances.
possibility of my opponent deviating with
30 BxP? BxB ? 3 1 N-B6ch, completely 31 R-NS?
failing to see that the king can capture on 32 PxP BxP? ?
Hilversum 1947
3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Pts Prize
1 O'Kelly 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 'h 1 1 1 1 lO'h I
2 Pachman 'h 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 9 'h II, Ill
3 Trifunovic 'h 0 1 'h 1 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 1 9'h II, Ill
4 v. Scheltinga 'h 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 'h 1 1 9 IV
5 Alexander 0 1 'h 0 1 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 7 'h V, VI
6 Szabo 0 0 0 1 0 1 'h 1 'h 1 1 1 7 'h V, VI
7 Blau 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 0 0 1 'h 1 1 1 6 'h VII
8 Rossolimo 0 0 'h 0 1 0 1 0 'h 'h 1 1 6 'h VII
9 Castaldi 0 1 0 0 0 'h 0 0 1 'h 1 1 6
10 Zvetkov 'h 1 0 0 'h 0 0 1 1 0 0 'h 1 S'h
11 Foerder 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 1 5
12 Plater 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 0
1 3 Doerner 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'h
14 O'Sullivan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'h
Or 32 . . . KxP 3 3 Q-R4 RxRch 34 RxR 3 3 N-B6ch K-Rl
K-N 3 3 5 P-B4, when Black has to give up 34 QxR! ! Resigns
the exchange by 3 5 . . . RxN because 3 5
. . . RxKP loses to 36 N-B6. After Black's In view of 34 PxQ 3 5 R-Q8ch
blunder the game at least has a fine finish. B-Bl 36 RxBch K-N2 37 R-KN8 mate.
Chigorin Memorial�
Moscow 1 947
Depression Overcome
In 1 94 7 Botvinnik was the odds-on 9 1 . Botvinnik-Pachman

favourite for the coming world champion
ship. His victory in the tournament at
Groningen, his excellent performance in
the USSR championships and his modern
style of play were really impressive. For
him, as well as for two other leading
players-Smyslov and Keres-the Chigorin
Memorial, held in Moscow from 25
November to 23 December, was the final
tournament appearance prior to the
world championship. It was limited to
players from eastern Europe-officially a Position after Black 's 1 6th move
tournament for Slavonic nations-but was
could deviate with 1 8 R-N4 ! , which
nevertheless of a high level even by
would give him a very strong attack, e.g.
international standards.
18 . . . QxB P 19 R(Rl )-Nl or 18 . . .
Thanks to a series of victories between
N-BS 1 9 Q-Ql .
the sixth and the tenth round Botvinnik
attained a lead of one point, which he 17 R-N S ? ?
increased to one and a half points in the
This move came as a shock, for I had
eleventh round. After a draw in the
previously seen that it allowed 1 7 . . .
twelfth he had 9Yz points, one point more
RxB. I was so excited that I was unable
than his chief rivals, Keres and Kotov. In
to think and I replied instantly, though
the following round he had White against
secretly fearing that there was a hidden
me, a newcomer to big tournaments, and
trap waiting to be sprung.
it was expected that he would increase his
lead, for his rivals had Black against 17 . . . RxB!
formidable opponents, Keres having to
My opponent was quite upset over my
play Gligoric, Kotov and Bondarevski.
reply and took a long time to recover and
That round, however, brought about an
make his next move. As 18 QxR is
unexpected complication of the position.
answered by 1 8 . . . B-BS , winning the
In the game between Botvinnik and
queen, White has lost a piece.
myself, we both played the opening
inaccurately ; in fact I missed a chance to 18 RxPch NxR
attain a clear advantage on move 1 2 . 19 PxR R-Kl
Then the following position occurred.
This is better than 19 . . . Qx BP 20
Here I had expected 17 N-K4, to R-Bl QxRP 2 1 N-K4.
which I intended to reply with 1 7 . . .
Q-B4 (not 1 7 . . . QxBP? 1 8 N-N S ) . Then 20 N-QS Q-R3
after 1 8 NxB QxQ 19 BxQ PxN the game 2 1 K-Nl N-QR4
is even . Later it was discovered that White 22 P-K4 NxB
1 30 Pach man's Decisive Games
2 3 QxN P-Q8 3 points ahead. Since then they had not
24 N-8 3 Q-K3 met in a tournament.
7 N-8 3 P-8 3
White resigned on move 4 5 .
8 R-Nl
Kotov lost t o Bondarevski, and Keres
The purpose of this move is to prepare
drew with Gligoric. As a result, two
the advance P-QN4-QNS . The move was
rounds before the end, Keres was within
also played at Nottingham 1 9 3 6 in a game
half a point of Botvinnik. In the next
Reshevsky-Botvinnik, which continued 8
round the top two were drawn against
. . Q-Kl 9 P-B S ! Q-R4 1 0 P-QN4 N-KS
.
each other. It was to be expected that
1 1 Q-B 2 N-Q2 1 2 P-N S B-B 3 1 3 B-B4,
Keres would make a great bid to gain first
White having the better of it. An
place, for he had two things in his favour.
First he had White, and secondly it important factor for White is that his
seemed likely that his opponent would be bishop can go to QB7 if Black should
affected by a feeling of depression follow play P-KN4.
ing his unexpected and unnecessary
8 ... K-R l !
defeat.
Botvinnik improves the system for
Dutch Defence Black by adopting a waiting move and
keeping his queen on Ql . The move K-Rl
is in any case useful in that it frees the
K eres 8otvinnik square KNl for the rook, thus enabling
1 P-Q4 P-K3 Black to launch an attack at a later stage
2 N-K83 P-K84 by P-KN4. At first sight 8 . . . QN-Q2
3 P-KN 3 N-K83 looks even better, though in that case
4 8-N2 8-K2 White can continue 9 PxP KPxP 1 0
5 o-o 0-0 P-QN4.
6 P-84 P-Q4 9 PxP( ? )
At the time this game was played, the When Keres made this move he prob
Stonewall System of the Dutch Defence ably did not realize that Black, thanks to
was a favourite weapon of several Soviet the fact that his knight is still on QNB,
grandmasters; apart from Botvinnik, it can now advantageously retake with the
was employed among others by QBP and then develop the knight to QB 3
Bondarevski and Bronstein. The choice of without loss of time. White would have
this opening was an indication that , des done better to reply to Black's waiting
pite his defeat in the previous round , move with a waiting move of his own, e.g.
Botvinnik was not in a conciliatory 9 Q-B2.
mood. Keres was for him not only a
9 8PxP
contender for first prize in this tourna
ment; he was also a personal rival of 10 8-84 N-8 3
many years standing. In the AVRO 1 1 N-KS
Tournament he had tied for first place 1 1 N-QNS N-KR4 1 2 B-B7 Q-Q2
while Botvinnik had had to be content would be ineffective.
with third place. They had also measured
swords with each other in the match 11 8-Q2
tournament of 1 941 for the "absolute 1 2 R-81 R-81
champion of the USSR". On that 1 3 Q-Q3 N-KR4
occasion Botvinnik had come out 2 '!.z 14 8-Q2 8-Q3
Chigorin Memorial, Moscow 194 7 131
92. Keres-Botvinnik Now White equalizes. If 1 9 . . . P-KR3
20 BxN RxB 21 P-B4 P-KN4 22 P-K 3, the
two bishops are of no advantage to Black,
while if 1 9 . . . N-K5 , White can reply 20
NxN followed by 21 Q-Q2 . Should Black
return to KR4 with his knight, White can
continue 20 P-K 3 ! P-KR 3 2 1 B-B4.
19 N-N 5
20 Q-Q2 N-83
21 8-84
This is even safer than 2 1 BxN.

The opening has obviously ended in 21 Q-Q2
success for Black, who has succeeded in 2 2 8x8 Qx8
equalizing comfortably; if anything he 2 3 Q-84
has the more active position. If now 1 5
NxB QxN, White's two · bishops are no This unnecessarily nervous move does
advantage, for he has no good way of not actually ruin White's position, but a
opening the game, e.g. 16 P-B 3 B-N l 1 7 more logical continuation is 23 R-B2
B-Kl P-B 5 . Nevertheless this would have followed by R(B l )-QB l with a quick
been better than the continuation in the draw.
game, which gives Black the initiative. 23 . . . QxQ
24 PxQ R(8 1 )-Q8 1
1 5 NxN 8xN
16 Q-8 3( ? ) 93. Keres-Botvinnik
Obviously expecting 1 6 . . . N-B 3 ,
which White can answer b y 1 7 B-B4,
forcing an exchange of bishops. The
queen manoeuvre is, however, merely a
waste of time. White should instead
double rooks on the QB file.
16 . . . Q·Kl !
1 7 Q-Q3 N-8 3 ( ? )
This deceptively simple position pre

sents some difficult strategical problems,
2 5 . P-K3?
and both players commit inaccuracies in
this phase of the game. Here Black should The first move in the endgame is a bad
have played 17 . . . P-KR 3 as a precaution mistake and gives Black an opportunity
against White developing his bishop to of increasing his pressure on the QB
KN5 . White, for his part, should have file-his only chance of winning. White
made use of this omission and played 1 8 should have prevented this by 25 N-R2 !
B-N 5. After his failure to d o so, Black Then 2 5 . . . B-N4 2 6 RxR RxR 27
ought to have made good his mistake and R-QB l would have led to simplification
played 1 8 . . . P-KR 3, which would have and a draw.
given him a distinct positional advantage.
25 8-N4
1 8 P-QR 3 ( ? ) R-Q8 2 ( ? ) 26 KR-Kl K·N l
1 9 8-N 5 ! 27 P-8 3
132 Pacbma n 's Decisive G ames
Not a particularly attractive move, but 37 K-82 N-Q3
the necessary prerequisite for an 38 R-QN l K-8 2
exchange of bishops, for if White tries 2 7 39 R-N4 R-R8
8-8 1 a t once he loses a pawn, e.�. 2 7 . . . 40 K-Q2 R-R6
8x8 28 Kx8 N-K5 29 N-R2 R-87 30 41 K-82 R-R8
R x R R x R 31 R-K2 N-Q7ch 32 K-Kl ( 3 2 The last fe w moves were played m
K-N2 RxP) 3 2 . . . N-86ch. time-trouble, which explains the repeti-
27 8-8 5 tion.
28 8-8 1 N-Kl 42 K-Q3 R-K8!
29 8x8 Rx8 43 R-R4 N-8 5
30 K-82 44 RxPch K-N 3
45 P-K4 R-K6ch
Of course, 30 N-R2 ( o r K2) is hopeless
46 K-82 Rx8P
on account of 30 . . . R-8 7 . The text-
move is an attempt to get the king to the 47 Px8Pch KxP
48 RxP R-87ch
centre, but he arrives one move too late.
49 K-N 3 R-QN7ch
30 N-Q3 50 K-R4 RxP
3 1 K-K2 P-QN4! 51 R-K87ch K-N 3
32 K-Q3 P-N 5 52 R-88 N-Q3
This wins a pawn, e.g. (i) 3 3 PxP 5 3 N-N5 N-84
RxNP 34 R-QNl R(8 1 )-N l 35 K-82 54 N-87 R-K7
N-8 5 (ii) 33 N-K2 RxR 34 NxR ( 3 4 RxR
Simpler than 54 NxP 55 P-85 ch .
RxR 35 NxR PxP 36 PxP N-8 5 , etc.) 3 4
. . . P x P 3 5 P x P R-Nl ! (better than 3 5 . . . 55 N-K8 NxP
N-8 5 3 6 N-N 3 NxP 3 7 N-8 5 ) 3 6 R-K2 56 R-86ch K-R4
N-8 5 37 R-R2 R-N8 38 K-82 R-N 3 3 9 57 R-87 N-84
K-Q3 R-R 3 40 P-QR4 RxP! etc. 58 RxPch K-N 5
59 R-Q7 KxP
33 N-R2 PxP
60 N-87 K-K4
34 PxP R-R4
35 RxRch NxR There was a quicker win to be had by
36 N-8 3 RxRP 60 . . . P-Q5
Moscow 1947
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 Pts Prize
1 Botvinnik 'h 'h 'h 1 1 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 11 I
2 Ragosin 0 -
0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 'h 1 lO'h II
3 Boleslavski 'h -
'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 'h 'h 1 10 I I I , IV
4 Smyslov 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 1 10 III, I V
5 Kotov 'h 'h 'h 1 0 1 'h 'h 1 0 'h 'h 1 1 9'h v
6 Keres 0 0 1 'h 1 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 1 9 VI, VII
7 Novotelnov 0 'h 'h 'h 0 -
'h 0 1 'h 1 1 1 'h 9 VI, V i l
8 Pachman 1 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h -
0 1 'h 0 'h 1 B 'h VIII
9 Trifunovic 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1 -
'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 8
10 Gligoric 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h -
'h 1 1 1 'h 1 7 'h
1 1 Bondarevski 'h 0 0 0 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 1 0 1 6'h
12 Kholmov 0 0 0 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 1 'h 1 5 'h
1 3 Kottnauer 0 'h 'h 0 'h 0 0 1 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 5
1 4 Plater 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 0 0 0 -
'h 'h 4
15 Sokolski 0 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 1 'h 'h 'h -
'h 4
16 Zvetkov 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h -
2
Cbigorin Memorial, Moscow 194 7 133
61 K-N4 R-Q.87 72 K-R4 N-N7ch
62 K-N 3 N-QSch 73 K-R5 N-85ch
63 K-Ni R-85ch 74 K-R4 R-Nl
64 K-R5 N-84 75 N-N4ch K-K3
65 K-N6 P-Q.5 76 N-86 N-N7ch
66 N-R6 N-Q.3 77 K-R3 N-85ch
67 N-85 K-Q4 78 K-R4 R-N8
68 N-Q.3 P-K4 79 R-R6ch K-84
69 R-KR7 R-83ch
70 K-R5 N-85ch White resigned after the second
71 K-N5 R-Q.N 3ch adjournment.
Interz�nal JI 948
Szabo 's Wasted Chance
The 1 9 48 lnterzonal was held from 5 94. Stoltz-Szabo

July to 1 5 August on the small island of
Saltsjobaden not far from Stockholm.
The top five of the twenty competitors
were to win the right to go on to the
Candidates' Tournament. At that time the
system of zonal tournaments had not
been well thought out. As the Hilversum
Tournament was the only one for Europe
and as only the winner automatically
went on to the lnterzonal, the majority
of competitors in the latter had to be
appointed by the FIDE qualifying com Position after White's 1 9th move
mittee. This, of course, caused some was in too much of a hurry to wm
ill-feeling, though it was generally agreed material.
that the strongest players were all at the
start-apart from the five grandmasters 19 RxNP?
fighting for the world championship title 2 0 PxR 8xR
in The Hague and Moscow (Botvinnik, 21 N-83 8-N7
Smyslov, Keres, Reshevsky, Euwe). 22 R-Nl 8xN
At the lnterzonal, the Hungarian
grandmaster Szabo took the lead in the The exchange of the strong bishop is a
sixth round and held it right up to near direct consequence of Black's faulty nine
the end despite a defeat at the hands of teenth move. Now White has sufficient
one of his chief rivals, Bronstein. After compensation for his pawn.
the fourteenth round the position was
2 3 8x8 P-8 3
Szabo l O Yz, Bronstein 1 0, Boleslavski and
24 R-Kl R-Kl
Lilienthal 9. In the, next three rounds the
25 P-R4! Q-8 3
two leaders drew their games, but still
2 6 P-R5 ! PxP
remained out in front. Then in the
27 Q-R3 R-K2
eighteenth round Bronstein, with Black,
28 P-N 5 !
refuted an incorrect sacrifice by his
opponent, L. Steiner, and scored an Stoltz plays this phase o f the game
important point. S zabo was very near to very energetically. If now 28 . . . QxP 29
winning his game, too, but he slipped up RxP RxR 30 QxRch, White should have
and only drew. no difficulty in getting a draw.
The QBP is an incurable weakness in
White's position, and if Black continues 28 Q-84ch
correctly with 1 9 . . . R( B l )-QB l , there is 29 K-Rl P-K4
no satisfactory defence, e.g. 20 N-R3 30 PxP PxP
RxQB P! 21 BxR BxB . Szabo, however, 31 P-N6!
lnterzonal 1948 1 35
With this fourth pawn sacrifice White the text-move White could have played 4
creates a passed rook pawn. In order to P-B4( ! ) .
stop it Black will have to withdraw some
4 P-KR3 B-R4
of his forces from the defence of the
king. Also good is 4 . . . BxN 5 QxB P-K 3 .
31 PxP 5 B-K3 N-83
32 P-R6! P-N4 6 QN-Q2 QN-Q2
33 R-Rl N-8 3
More accurate is 6 . . . P- K3 followed
34 P-R7 ! RxP
by P-Q4. Thanks to his opponent's tame
35 Q-K6ch K-N2 opening play, Black should not have any
36 QxKP Rx Reh great difficulty in equalizing.
3 7 BxR Q-K87
38 Q-N5ch K-82 7 P-8 3 B-N 3 ?
39 BxN QxB
Black underestimates the strength o f
40 QxQPch
his opponent's sacrifice on the next move.
Drawn
He should have played 7 . . P-K3, getting
.
an elastic position in the centre and

Going into the last round Szabo and leaving himself free at a later stage to
Bronstein were thus equal in points. Both advance the QBP, the QP or the KP as
had White against opponents from the required.
bottom half of the table, Bronstein
having to play Tartakower, who was 8 P-KS N-Q4
sharing fifteenth place, and Szabo, 9 P-K6! PxP
Lundin, who was sure to be bottom. 10 B-K2 P-K4
Szab6's prospects were therefore slightly This detracts from the value of Black's
better than Bronstein's. The last round, pawn majority and leaves White with
however, turned everything upside down. lasting control over his K4 (e4). On the
other hand, other moves would have
Caro-Ka nn cau sed Black great difficulty in com
pleting his development.
Bronstein Tartakower 1 1 PxP NxKP
1 2 NxN Px N
1 P-K4 P-Q.8 3
2 N-KB 3 P-Q.3 1 3 8-RS !
Tartakower was always fond of experi The Black bishop controls Black's KS,
ments in the opening. Here , instead of the so it is necessary to exchange it off. Black
usual 2 . . . P-Q4, he chooses the type of is now faced with a very unpleasant
set-up found in the Pirc Defence ( 1 . . .
choice. If he allows White to exchange
P-Q3 ) . ( 1 4 BxBch PxB ) he weakens his pawn
structure, whereas if he exchanges himself
3 P-Q4 8-NS ( 1 3 BxB 14 QxBch) he loses his extra
pawn. And the third alternative ( 1 3
More precise is first 3 . . . N-KB 3 and Q-Q3 1 4 N-K4) wastes time.
then ( after 4 N-B 3 ) 4 . . . B-N 5 . This
could be followed up with P-K3 and 13 . . . NxB
P-Q4, giving a sort of French set-up in 1 4 BxBch PxB
which the problem of the development of 15 PxN Q-Q6
the Queen's bishop has been solved. After 16 Q-8 3 P-K3
1 7 Q-K4! QxQ outcome is not so clear, e.g. 26 R·Ql
1 8 NxQ RxR 27 KxR P-B4 28 N·B6 P-R4 29 P·K4
K·B 2 30 K·B2 K·Kl 3 1 K·N 3 K·Q2 3 2
95 . Bronstein-Tartakower
N·R7.
26 P·QR4 R-84
27 P·K4
96. Bronstein-Tartakower
The centrally posted knight is con

siderably stronger than the bishop� which
means that White has a distinct and
lasting advantage. Such a position is ideal
in a decisive game, for as a result it is
possible to play for a win without in The game is won for White because the
dulging in risks. Black rook cannot escape. If 27 . . . P·R4,
18 8-K2 then 28 K·Q3 ! PxN 29 PxP . Black
19 K-K2 R-Ql probably overlooked this twist when
20 QR-QI 0-0 making his 2 5 th move.
21 RxR RxR
22 R-K81 27 P-Q.N4
28 P-RS 8-Q.1
This prevents the king moving towards 29 R-QRl R-8 5
the centre, for Black dare not oppose 30 K-Q3 8-K2
White's rook on the KB file, e.g. 22 . . . 31 N-R6
R-KB l ? 23 R-Ql R-Ql 24 RxRch BxR
25 N-Q6 P·N 3 26 K-Q3, and the White This is even better than winning the
king enters the game with decisive effect. exchange by 31 P-QN 3 RxN 32 PxR BxP.
22 . . . P-N 3 31 R-RS
2 3 N-82 3 2 RxR PxR
This knight manoeuvre is crowned 3 3 N-N8 P-R6
with unexpectedly speedy success. A 34 PxP 8xP
good alternative is 2 3 P-QR4 possibly 35 NxP 8-84
followed by R-QR l and P-R S . If Black 36 K-84 8-N8
tries to hold up the pawn advance by 3 7 K-NS K-82
P·QR4, White gets an excellent square on 38 K-R6 K-8 3
QB 4 for his knight. 39 NxRP K-N4
40 P-N3 8-87
23 R-Q4 41 P-84 K-8 3
2 4 N-Q3 8-83 42 N-86 8xP
2 5 N-N4 R·N4? 43 P-8 5 K-82
The wrong square for the rook . 44 K-N6 K-Kl
Correct is 25 . . . R-Q3, after which the 45 P-R6 Resigns
lnterzonal 1948 1 37
10 0-0 N-Q2
Hromadka System 1 1 8-84 0-0
1 2 Q-K2
Szabo Lundin
A more natural developing move is 1 2
1 P-Q4 N-K 8 3
Q-Q2, threatening B-R6. The probable
2 P-Q84 P-Q84
reply is then 1 2 . . . Q-N 3 1 3 QR-Nl
3 P-Q5 P-QN4! ? KR-N l , when Black's queen is not par
4 PxP P-QR3 ticularly well placed on QN 3 .
5 PxP
The move 5 P-K 3 is also played in this 12 Q-82
position. 1 3 KR-Q81 KR-Nl
Black's pawn sacrifice, often called the 14 QR-Nl
Volga Gambit, is not quite correct, but
gives considerable practical chances. Up 97 . Szabo-Lundin
to this point Lundin had only managed
seven draws, and here hi: was all out to
get a win irrespective of the state of the
tournament and regardless of who his
opponent was. Such tactics are often
successful against someone fighting for
first place and are in any case more
promising than defending a strategically
inferior position as Tartakower did.
5 . . . P-N 3
More usual is 5 . . . P-K 3. Lundin
prepares to transpose into the Hromadka It is now apparent that Black has
System, in which the QNP is often failed to obtain adequate compensation
sacrificed for tactical reasons. However, for his pawn. The most natural way of
the fact that it has already been sacrificed continuing is 14 . . . R-N5 (or R-N2)
(on the third move) gives White the followed by R(Rl )-N l in order to keep
opportunity to choose the most advan up the pressure on the QN file.
tageous set-up.
14 . . . 8xN ! ?
6 N-Q8 3 8xP
7 P-K4 P-Q3 A strange continuation, which, how
ever, leads· to unexpected success. The
If instead 7 . . . BxB 8 KxB, White can
exchange is made for tactical reasons, for
castle artificially by P-KN 3 and K-N2.
strategically the disappearance of the
Nevertheless such a coptinuation would
king's bishop is bad for Black.
have been more promising for Black than
that chosen in the game. In the
1 5 Rx8
Hromadka System Black does not usually
sacrifice the QNP until his opponent has The natural reply, but there is a
developed his bishop to K2, after which stronger move in 1 5 PxB, threatening 1 6
the exchange BxB involves a loss of P-K5 and forcing Black to waste an
tempo for White.
important tempo playing 1 5 . . . P-B 3.
8 8x8 Nx8
9 N-8 3 8-N2 15 . . . Q-R4!
Threatening both QxP and QxR. Capturing the QP would have led to a
White, however, is able to parry both quick draw, e.g. 26 QxP QxNP 27 R-N l
threats. RxRP 28 RxQ RxQ 29 P-B 3 . But the
text-move is even worse , for Black wins
16 N-Q2 ! N-82
two pawns . The correct move is 26
Not, of course, 16 . . . QxP? 17 Q-B 3 ! , e.g. 2 6 . . . R-B4 27 N-B 4 RxN ! ?
R-QR 3 , after which the queen is trapped. 2 8 QxR QxNP 2 9 Q-B8ch ! K-N2 3 0 Q-B 3
and White, the exchange u p , has good
17 R-QR3 Q-N3 prospects of making use of his material
18 RxR RxR
advantage.
19 P-QR3 N-N4
20 8-K3 R-R5 ! 26 QxNP
Preventing the knight going to QB4, 27 P-K5 ! ? QxN
e.g. 21 N-B4 RxN 22 QxR NxP! 28 PxN PxP
29 P-KR4 K-N2
21 R-Q8 1 N-Q5 30 Q-8 3 QxQ
22 8xN Px8 31 RxQ RxQP
2 3 N-83 32 R-8 1 P-N4?
It is by no means easy to make use of
the extra pawn. Pirc recommends 2 3 Black misses the win by 32 . . . R-QR4
Q-Ql R-R l 2 4 Q-N 3 QxQ 2 5 NxQ, but 3 3 R-B 3 P-Q7 34 R-Q3 RxP 3 5 RxP(Q2)
then 25 . . . R-N l 26 NxP RxP gives R-R 3 .
Black good prospects of saving the game.
If, on the other hand, 2 3 N-B4, the pin 3 3 K-81 PxP
34 R-Rl P-84
23 . . . Q-N4 is unpleasant. The stro ngest
line seems to be 2 3 Q-Ql R-R l 24 N-B4. 35 P-R4 K-8 3
The text-move, however, does not throw 36 K-Kl ? ?
the win away .

This loses. There was a draw t o be had
23 N-83 by means of the simple continuation 3 6
24 Q-8 2 ! R-R4 P-R5 P-Q7 37 K-K2. Both players were in
2 5 N-Q2! time-trouble, which explains the
inaccuracies towards the end of the game.
Black was threatening 25 . . . R-B4
followed by RxR and NxKP.
36 R-K4ch
98 . Szabo-Lundin 37 K-Q2 R-K7ch
38 KxP RxP
39 P-R5 RxP
40 P-R6 R-N l
41 K-84 P-8 5
42 K-Q5 K-84
43 K-86 P-86
44 K-N7 R-Kl
45 Resigns
White has the choice between a lost

queen ending (45 R-QB l R-K2ch 46
R-B7 RxRch 47 KxR P-B 7 ) and an even
25 P-Q6 ! ? quicker defeat by 45 P-R7 K-N5 46
26 Q-87? P-R S=Q RxQ followed by P-B 7 .
Saltsjiibaden 1948
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Pts Prize
Bronstein 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 1 1 1 3'h
2 Szabo 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 1 0 1 2 'h II
3 Boleslavski 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 'h 12 III
4 Kotov 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 Yi 'h 1 1 1 1 'h 1 1 'h IV
5 Lilienthal 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 11 v
6 Bon derevski 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 1 1 lO'h VI-IX
7 Flohr 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 lO'h VI-IX
8 Najdorf 'h 0 1 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 0 'h 0 1 'h 'h 1 1 lO'h VI-IX
9 St� lberg 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 lO'h VI-IX
10 Trifunovic 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 0 1 0 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 'h 10 x
11 Biiiik 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 9'h
12 G ligoric 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 'h 0 1 9'h
1 3 Pirc 0 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 0 0 'h 1 'h 'h 9'h
14 Yanofsky 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 1 0 'h 'h 'h 1 8'h
1 5 Ragosin 0 0 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 0 'h 'h 1 0 0 'h 0 'h 1 8'h
16 Tartakower 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 0 'h 'h 'h 8
17 Pachman 'h 'h 0 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 1 7'h
18 Stoltz 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 1 'h 0 'h 'h 6'h
19 L. Steiner 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 0 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 5 'h
20 Lundin 0 'h 'h 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 0 (I' 'h 0 'h 'h 4'h
30 Candidates' Tournament
1 950
A Drama in Instalments
The first Candidates' Tournament bc:gan The spectators who filled the great hall
in Budapest on 9 April 1 95 0 . Seven of of the Budapest metal workers' cultural
the participating grandmasters were from centre were very disappointed by what
the same country-the Soviet Union-and happened in the game between
towards the end a duel unparalleled in the Boleslavski and St ahlberg.
history of the Candidates' Tournament
took place between two of them. Sicilian Defence
The tournament was a double-round
affair, for it was only later tlpt F I D E
Boleslavski St3hlberg
decided that eighteen games were not
sufficient to determine the challenger to 1 P-K4 P-QB4
the world champion. 2 N-KB3 P-Q3
For most of the tournament the lead 3 P-Q4 PxP
was held by Boleslavski, who was in 4 NxP N-KB3
excellent form. At the half-way stage the S N-QB3 P-QR3
scores were : Boleslavski 6, Keres 5 11z, 6 B-K2 P-K4
Bronstein and St ahlberg S, Kotov and 7 N-N3 B-K 3
Smyslov 4Yz, Lilienthal and Najdorf 4, 8 0-0 B-K2
Szabo 3 11z, Flohr 3. In the tenth round 9 P-84 PxP
Boleslavski increased his lead to a full
point and then continued to play solidly, Later the continuation 9 . . . Q-B2
not losing a single game. Nevertheless came into fashion.
there gradually appeared a rival on the
10 Bx BP 0-0
scene in the person of Bronstein. The
11 K-Rl N-8 3
latter had started badly, losing to
12 B-Q3 Q-N 3
Smyslov and St ahlberg in the first half of
13 Q-K2 KR-Kl
the tournament, but then he had re
14 QR-Kl QR-Bl
covered and scored six points from eight
15 B-K3 Q-82
games. Prior to the last round he was only
16 N-Q4
half a point behind Boleslavski, who had
l l 11z points. In the last round Boleslavski In this position, m which he has
had to play St ahlberg, who, after an slightly the better of it, Boleslavski
excellent start, had gradually slipped accepted a draw. Obviously he chose the
down the table ; in the previous round he tactics we have already mentioned, that
had lost with White to Bronstein. It is, with half a point lead in the last round
therefore looked as if Boleslavski, at the try for a quick draw and thus put one's
time in excellent form, had everything in rival under the psychological pressure of
his favour, especially as he had White. having to play for a win. But every rule
Bronstein also had White in his game, has its exception, and tactics which prove
though against a much more dangerous good a hundred times may fail to work
opponent, Keres. on one occasion.
Candidates ' Tournament 1950 1 41
Boleslavski was thus only a spectator he tried to get his opponent on to
i:o the game that was to decide his fate. unexplored and complicated paths.
13 . . . N-QR4
Ruy Lopez
A logical plan. Black needs to mobilize
his queen-side majority by playing P-QB4.
Bronstein Keres
The fact that his QP will then become
1 P-K4 P-K4 weak is not so important, for White is
2 N-KB3 N-QB 3 more or less ob liged to concentrate on
3 B-N5 P-QR3 direct attack and not on the exploitation
4 B-R4 N-83 of small positional advantages.
5 0-0 B-K2
1 4 8-8 2 R-K l
6 R-Kl P-QN4
7 B-N3 0-0 Black could have played P-QB4 at
8 P-Q4 P-Q3 once : e.g. 1 4 . . . P-B4 1 5 P-B4 N-B 3 .
9 P-8 3 B-N5 Instead he prepares a manoeuvre which
10 P-KR3 BxN
.
involves an exchange of minor pieces and

11 QxB ! ? PxP which considerably reduces White's
12 Q-Ql PxP
attacking chances.
13 NxP
1 5 P-84 P-N 5 !
99. Bronstein-Keres 1 6 N-Q5
Playing the knight to K2 instead
would be weak , for Black could continue
with 1 6 . . . P-Q4 1 7 P-K5 N-K5 and
activate his pieces considerably. If White
then tries 18 BxN PxB 1 9 N-N 3 , Black
can reply with 1 9 . . . B-R5 !
16 NxN
1 7 QxN
After 1 7 PxN B-B 3 18 B -R4 RxRch 1 9

The gambit vanat10n leading to this QxR P-B4! 20 PxPe.p. NxP 2 1 B-K3
position was played in the present game N-Q5 Black would have a clear advantage
for the first time. It did not, however, ( 2 2 QxP R-Nl 23 Q-Q2 RxP! or 2 3 Q-B4
become very popular. White has the two N-B4 followed by RxP).
bishops and the freer game for his pawn,
17 P-QB 3
but Black's position has no real
18 Q-Q3 P-N 3
weakness-unless the slightly loose
1 9 K-Rl
queen 's wing is regarded as one -and is
therefore capable of being defended. An White intends to attack the QNP by
obj ective assessment of the position must means of B-Q2, but, with his king on
therefore be that White has insufficient KN l , his opponent could then reply with
compensation for his pawn. In the situa Q-N 3ch. White therefore moves his king
tion in which the game was played, how first.
ever, Bronstein 's decisiOn to adopt the
gambit line was understandable and 19 8-8 1
correct. A draw was of no use to him, so 20 R-81
1 42 Pacbman 's Decisive Garr.es
Preparing a king-side attack (P-K B 5 ) . White was threatening 25 P-B6 B-R l
The logical counter for Black is a push 26 P-N4 followed by P-N 5 , shutting the
forward in the centre (20 . . . P-Q4 2 1 bishop out of play and leaving Black
P-K5 N-B5 ) , after which h e has the better virtually a piece down. Now the advance
game. In this case White would have only 25 P-B 6 is completely harmless. There
two ways of getting rid of the trouble are, however, other attacking possibilities
some knight, neither of which is really for White, revolving around the move
satisfactory. The first ( 2 2 P-QN 3 N-R6 2 3 B-R6, and the most logical course would
BxN PxB) deprives him o f all his be to play it at once. His opponent would
attacking chances, after which Black's in reply probably sacrifice the exchange :
extra pawn is really worth something in 25 . . . P-B5 26 Q-KN3 N-N 2 ! 27 BxR
spite of the bishop of opposite colours. RxB. Black would then only have a single
The second ( 2 2 B-N 3 ) gives Black the pawn for the exchange, though his minor
choice between a quick draw ( 2 2 . . . pieces would be very active after a later
N-R4 2 3 B-B2 N-B5 with repetition of N-QB4. White would in this case have to
moves) and the chance to mobilize his continue his king-side attack : 28 PxP
pawns by 22 N-N3 followed by RPxP 29 P-R4.
P-QB4.
1 00. Bronstein-Keres
20 8-N2(? )
21 8-Q2 P-Q84
Black gives up the idea of playing the

freeing P-Q4 and instead starts making
preparations to create a passed pawn on
the queen-side at a later stage
(P-QB5-QB 6) . A good alternative, how
ever, is 2 1 . . . BxP. Then, after 22 QR-N l
B-B 6 2 3 BxB PxB 24 R(B l )-Ql ( 2 4 QxBP
Q-B 2) , he could continue with 24 . . .
P-Q4 2 5 PxP PxP 26 QxQP QxQ 27 RxQ
2 5 Q-KN 3
N-B 5 28 B-N 3 N-Q7 . The exchange sacri
fice-22 BxP BxR 23 RxB-is, in this From the psychological point o f view,
case, incorrect, for Black can play 23 more pro mising than 25 B-R6. B lack's
P-Q4 24 PxP PxP. whole counter-play is based on the
advance P-QB 5 , which would now no
22 8-R4 R-K81
longer be combined with a gain of tempo.
2 3 QR-Nl Q-N 3
As a result Black mistakenly departs from
The immediate advance of the QBP his original plan and seeks counter-play
would give White a very strong attack, by other means. He should have played
e.g. 2 3 . . . P-B5 24 Q-Q5 P-B6 (24 . . . 25 . . . P-B 5 26 B-R6 N-N 2! etc.
Q-N 3 2 5 P-R 3 ! ) 25 PxP BxP ( 2 5 . . . PxP
26 B-K 3 threatening B-N6) 26 P-B 5 ! The 25 . . . N-8 5 ?
text-move threatens 24 . . . P-B5 2 5 Q-Q5
Q-B4, though it has the slight disadvan Both players were i n time-trouble,
tage that it lessens Black's control over which explains the inaccuracies on this
KB 3 , so making the advance of his and White's next move as well as the
opponent's KBP more effective. blunder that decides the game.
24 P.8 5 8-Q5 26 8-R6?

Candidates ' To urnament 1 950 143
2 6 B-B 1 ! would b e much better, for A s a result o f this dramatic encounter
White would then be threatening to in Bronstein caught up with Boleslavski, and
crease his pressure decisively by occupy on 3 1 July the two players started on a
ing the diagonal QR2-KN8 with a gain of play-off of twelve games to decide who
tempo ( 2 7 B-N 3 N-K4 28 B-QS ) . was to be the challenger to the world
This hasty move should have deprived champion. In the first game Boleslavski
Bronstein of all chances of winning, for was caught in a prepared variation and
Black could have replied with the ex suffered a decisive loss of material as
change sacrifice mentioned in a previous early as the 2 2nd move. This evidently
note : 26 . . . NxP! 27 BxR RxB . It is even upset him somewhat, for in the next two
stronger in this position, for Black has games he allowed his opponent to get an
two pawns for the exchange , which in advantage, though in the end he did
this case is more than sufficient compen manage a draw in both. In the fourth
sation. White's only hope of holding the game it was he who had the advantage,
game would be 28 B-N 3 P-BS 29 RxN! but he made a slip on the 28th move and
BxR 30 BxP, after which he would still as a result only drew. In the next game it
have to fight hard, though a draw 1s was the other way round; Bronstein had a
probable in view of the unlike bishops. won position at the adjournment but
threw away the win on move 5 2 .
26 . . . B·N 2 ? ? After a fairly quiet draw i n the sixth
game, Bronstein produced a fine po
A t a point when White's attack should
sitional performance in the seventh which
have been ended and with it Bronstein's
led to victory . As a result he seemed to
hopes of winning the Candidates' Tourna
have the match in the bag, for he needed
ment, the game is decided by one of
only two points from the remaining five
those inexplicable errors that are per
games, which seemed a reasonably easy
petrated even by top-ranking players.
task in view of the fact that Boleslavski
27 BxB Kx B was not playing as well as he had done
28 P-86ch K·Rl during the tournament. However, the
29 Q-N S P·N6? position changed somewhat in the next
game, where , in an interesting ending,
Black could have held out longer, but Boleslavski chalked up his first victory-a
not saved the game, by 29 . . . R-KNl 30 fact which apparently gave a boost to his
R-B4 Q-Ql 31 R-R4 (threatening 32 morale. He drew with Black in the ninth
RxPch! ) Q-KB l 3 2 R-R6 and White game and achieved a distinct superiority
threatens 3 3 Q-R4. After Keres's move of in the next. In fact he could have won a
despair White could have ended the game pawn and gone on to square the match,
elegantly by 30 R-B4 PxP 3 1 Q-R6! but he slipped up and allowed his oppo
PxP=Qch 3 2 K-R2 R-KNl 33 QxRPch! nent to get away with a draw.
Bronstein discovers this combination a Bronstein had White in the eleventh
few moves later. game, an Old Indian, but he played so
passively that his opponent gradually
30 PxP Q·NS
gained the initiative and then won a
So as to reply to 3 1 R-B 4 by 3 1 pawn. At the adjournment the win was
Q-Q7. only a matter of technique. The match
was thus all square again. As the twelfth
3 1 PxN QxB game ended in a draw after a sharp
32 R·B4 Q·B7 struggle, excitement reached its peak.
33 Q·R6! Resigns According to the rules the match was to
1 44 Pacbman's Decisive Games
be continued, victory going to the first move. Instead he had continued 4 . . .
player to win a game. A decisive result P-QB4 5 P-QR 3 BxN 6 BxB N-KB 3 7
very nearly came about in the next PxBP ! NxP 8 BxP and come out of the
encounter, in which the position in dia opening very badly. Only later did he
gram 1 0 1 arose. Up to that point the attain counter-play and secure a draw.
game had not been without mistakes, and This time he is much better prepared for
the dramatic complications that had the variation recommended by Alekhin.
occurred after the adjournment had got For Boleslavski it was therefore tactically
both players into time-trouble. With only unwise to try it again.
two moves to make before the next time
5 Q-N4 QxP
check, Boleslavski was very near to attain
ing the greatest success of his career. He The position that later arises can also
only needed to play 5 5 . . . K-B2 ! , after be reached by a different order of moves:
which there is a third queen on the way 5 . . . N-KB 3 6 QxNP R-Nl 7 Q-R 6 QxP 8
and White's attack is virtually at an end, 0-0-0. In this case Black has an important
e.g. 5 6 R-Q4 QxR 5 7 QxQ P-B8=Q 58 alternative in 7 . . . R-N 3. 8 Q-K3 N-B 3 9
Q-QSch N-K 3 . Instead he played SS . . . KN-K2 P-K4 ! .
QxN?? and the game ended in a draw by
6 0-0-0
perpetual check after 56 PxQ P-B8=Q 5 7
PxN=Qch RxQ 5 8 Q-N5ch. In this position Alekhin recommended
6 N-B 3 , which is, however, completely
1 0 1 . Bronstein-Boleslavski innocuous on account of 6 . . . N-KR 3 ! 7
Q-B4 P-K4! According to Panov 6 KN-K2
is stronger. Keres gives the following
analysis to this suggestion : 6 . . . Q-K4 7
B-B4 Q-B 3 8 0-0-0 Q-N 3 9 QxQ RPxQ 1 0
BxP N-QB 3 1 1 NxP N-B 3 with a n even
game.
6 N·KB3
The line 6 . . . P-KB4 7 Q-N 3 B-Q3 8

B·KB4 BxBch 9 QxB Q-B4 has been tried
here several times, but White can con
Position after White's 5 5th move tinue with 1 0 P-KB 3 , getting active play
with his pieces in return for the pawn.
The next game proved decisive, victory
Another line for Black-and one, more
being gained in a similar manner to the
over , which proved its worth in several
first-a surprise in the opening based on a
later games-is 6 . . . P-KR4 7 Q-N 3 B-Q3
prepared variation.
8 B-KB4 P-RS !
French Defence 7 QxNP R·Nl
8 Q·R6 8-8 1 !
Boleslavski Bronstein
The innovation prepared by Bronstein.
1 P-K4 P-K 3
Previously the usual continuation had
2 P-Q4 P-Q4
been 8 . . . R-N 3 9 Q-R4 R-NS 10 Q-R 3
3 N-QB 3 8-NS
QxP, which leads to a position similar to
4 B-Q2 PxP
that reached in the game but with one
I n the twelfth game Bronstein had not important difference : the bishop is on
been able to bring himself to play this QNS and not KB l . The significance of
Candidates ' To urnament 1950 1 45
this difference will become clear a few P·KN3 Q-R 3 ! (This shows the importance
moves later. of the move 8 . . . B-B l ! ) 14 BxQ BxBch,
and Black has a satisfactory position : he
9 Q·R4
has the two bishops and two pawns for
If White is content with equality he the exchange, which is ample compen
can play 9 Q·B4, e.g. 9 . R·N5 1 0 . . sation for his doubled pawns.
Q·K 3 ! QxQ 1 1 BxQ, when the two (ii) 1 1 . . . QxP 1 2 BxR QxB 1 3 QxQ
bishops and the better development are NxQ 1 4 NxP. In this line the fact that the
adequate compensation for the pawn. Or bishop is on KB l and not QN5 is an
9 . . . B·Q3 10 KN-K2 ! BxQ 1 1 NxQ advantage for Black, for otherwise he
BxBch 1 2 RxB , and White has equality in would have to exchange it, thus helping
view of the weakness of the KP. White's development, or waste time with
drawing it.
9 . . . R-N5
1 0 Q·R3 QxP! 11 N-N5? N·R3
l 02. Boleslavski-Bronstein 12 K-Nl 8·Q2
1 3 8 K3 ·
Or 1 3 B-B 3 R-R5 1 4 B-Q4 RxQ 1 5

BxQ R-R4.
13 Q-84
1 4 N-Q4
1 4 NxRP would lose quickly, e.g. 1 4

. . . N-Q4 15 B-Q4 P-B4 o r 15 N-N5 NxB
16 QxN BxN.
14 Q-N3
After the game, which on account of
1 5 N·N3 N-N5
its importance aroused considerable
16 N-K2 N(83 )·Q4
interest, it was discovered that 1 1 B-K2 is
17 N-83
the only satisfactory continuation. White
then threatens both BxR and R-B 1 , and After 1 7 B-B l P-K6! White would have
Black can hardly adopt the passive 1 1 . . . difficulty in defending the pawn on QB 2,
R-N 3 , because of 1 2 P·KN4! , after which e.g. 18 N(K2)-Q4 P-K4.
12 . . . P-K4? is answered by 1 3 B-K 3 .
There are , however, two alternatives for 17 NxN
Black : 1 8 PxN N·Q4
(i) 1 1 . . . R-R5 1 2 QxR QxQ 1 3 19 8-Q4 R-N4!
Budapest 1950
· 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pts Prize
Boleslavski 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 1 'h 1 12 I , II
2 Bronstein 'h 'h 0 1 'h 1 1 1 1 'h 0 1 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 12 I, II
3 Smyslov 0 'h 1 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 y, 'h 10 III
4 Keres 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h y, 'h 1 0 1 'h y, y, y, 'h 'h 1 9'h IV
5 Najdorf 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 1 9 v
6 Kotov 0 'h 0 'h y, 0 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 y, 1 0 1 0 BY..
7 St�lberg 'h 'h 1 0 1 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h y, 'h 'h 8
8 Flohr 0 0 'h 0 'l.z 'l.z 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'l.z 'l.z 'h y, 'h 0 1 7
9 Lilienthal 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 0 0 0 1 'h 'h 'l.z 'h 1 0 7
10 Szabo 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'l.z 0 0 1 'h 'h 1 0 0 1 7
With the irresistible threat of P-K4. 24 RxRch KxR
White's position is now in its last throes. 2 5 R-Qlch 8·Q3
26 8-K3 P·K84
20 P-N4 P·K4 27 N-8 5 P-85
Zl 8·82 8 xP 28 N-K6ch K·K2
22 RxN 8xQ 29 8xRP R·R4
23 8x8 R·Ql Resigns
World Championship Match
1 95 1
Saved at the Last Moment
The most dramatic chess event I have ever adjournment. This defeat with the White
witnessed was without doubt the pieces was obviously a severe blow to
Botvinnik-Bronstein Match in 1 95 1 . Botvinnik, whose hopes of a peaceful
Three years previously Botvinnik had finish to a match that had appeared to be
won the match tournament by a large over were now shattered. The 22nd game
margin ( ( 1 ) Botvinnik 14, ( 2 ) Smyslov saw him produce one of his weakest
1 1 , ( 3 - 4) Keres and Reshevsky l O 'h , (5) performances, leading to a loss before the
Euwe 4) , and a s a result 9 f his clear-cut adjournment. The scales had thus tipped
victory there were many pundits who the other way ; it was now Bronstein who
forecast a long era dominated by this sole only needed to draw the remaining
representative of t c'e pre-war Soviet games. His main task was to hold the
grandmasters. In the same year as his 2 3rd game, for it was difficult to imagine
victory a new star had come to the that, if it did end in a draw, Botvinnik
fore-in the lnterzonal-but the general would win the last game, in which he had
view was that he lacked the experience to Black.
win against Botvinnik, who, for almost
twenty years, had been measuring swords Griinfeld Indian
with such players as Alekhin, Capablanca,
Flohr, Reshevsky and Euwe. Moreover, Botvinnik Bronstein
Bronstein had only won the Candidates'
1 P·Q4 N·KB 3
Tournament 1 9 5 0 after a play-off with
2 P·QB4 P·KN3
Bo leslavski.
3 P-KN 3 P-83
The world championship match began
on 1 6 March in the Tchaikovsky Concert The opening moves often give an
Hall in Moscow. In the first phase Bron indication of the players' approach to the
stein gave the title-holder plenty to worry game in question. The variation beginning
about, but by the time the match was with 3 . . . P-B 3 is considered very solid,
adjourned for four days for the May usually leading to a symmetrical position
celebrations everything seemed to be cut with marked drawing characteristics. That
and dried. With twenty games played, Bronstein should choose such a line i s
Botvinnik had a lead of one point, and, as understandable i n view o f t h e state o f the
a tied match was enough for him to retain match. Why Botvinnik should have
his title, he only needed 1 'h points from allowed it by playing 3 P-KN 3 is at first
the last four games-not, one would sight less clear. The idea behind it is
imagine, a particularly difficult task. reminiscent of Lasker's way of handling
The position, however, soon became his game against Capablanca at St Peters
more complicated. On 4 May Bronstein burg. In both cases a grandmaster did
used his favourite opening for the first nothing to avoid a "drawing" variation in
time in the match, the Old Indian a vital game that had to be won at all
Defence, and won the game after the costs, and the decision was based on an
accurate assessment of the personality 1 1 B-Q2 R-QB l
and mental state of the opponent. Lasker 1 2 0-0 N-Q2
chose to bring about a position that 1 3 N-K2 Q-N 3
demanded the sort of treatment that was 14 B·QB3
opposed to Capablanca's preconceived
Botvinnik himself criticized this move,
aims; Botvinnik opted for a position that,
which merely wastes time. The immediate
in his opinion, did not suit his opponent.
Q-N 3 is stronger, for White will sooner or
At the time the game was played Bron
later have to exchange queens. Although
stein was at the height of his creative
such a decision is by no means easy in a
powers and was noted for his remarkable
game as vital as this one, it is, neverthe
imaginative combinational play. His weak
less, both from the psychological and
points were the imperfections in his
strategical point of view, the logical
endgame technique and his play when
course.
quiet positional manoeuvring was re
quired. 14 KR-Ql
The world champion staked everything 1 5 N-B4
on one card : his psychological a�sessment
of his opponent. And that card finally Now 1 5 Q-N3 would be answered by
turned u p, although at various stages of 15 . . . B-B 1 ! with the threat of B-NS
the game it looked as if Botvinnik's exchanging bishops. After the text-move
chances were virtually nil. White can reply to 15 . . . B-B l by 1 6
N-Q3 o r 1 6 P-QR 3 .
4 B-N2 P-Q4
5 PxP PxP 15 N-B 3
6 N-QB 3 B-N2 1 6 Q-N 3
7 N-R3 BxN 1 0 3 . Botvinnik-Bronstein
This helps Black with his development
and is, objectively seen, the strongest
continuation . And yet after the game
Botvinnik told me that he had breathed a
sigh of relief when his opponent made
this move. The reason for such a reaction
is that White gets at least one lasting
asset-the two bishops-prior to the pro
tracted positional manoeuvring that is
now about to take place. An alternative
for Black which also suffices for equality
is 7 . . . 0-0 8 N-B4 P-K3 9 0-0 N-B 3 . An interesting question from the
strategical point of view is whether It 1s
8 BxB N-B 3 better for Black to exchange queens
9 B-N2 himself and double his opponent's pawns
or to allow his opponent to exchange.
White withdraws his bishop partly to
ensure that his opponent does not play Bronstein chooses the latter course be
cause his pieces thereby become very
N-K5 and partly because, after Black's
P-K3, it would have no great future on active. Obj ectively his decision is the right
the diagonal KR 3-QB8. one ; as we shall see later he gets several
opportunities to equalize. On the other
9 P-K3 hand, it requires j ust a few inaccuracies
1 0 P-K3 0-0 for the doubled pawns to become a
World Champ ionship Match 1951 1 49
decisive strategical factor. Exchanging 104. Botvinnik-Bronstein

queens himself by 1 6 . . . QxQ 1 7 PxQ
N-K5 1 8 B-Kl B-B 3 1 9 N-Q3 N-Q3 would
also have equalized and been less compli
cated.
16 N-K5
1 7 QxQ PxQ
1 8 B-Kl
This retreat is necessary if White wants

to keep his bishop, which is essential if an
immediate draw is to be avoided.
Position after White's 2 3rd move
18 . . . N-R4
well remember that most commen play P-KB4 and thus prevent him fro m
tators had a poor opinion of Botvinnik 's pushing forward in the centre at a later
position at this point. What was he to do stage by P-K4. The simplest way of doing
about the threat 19 . . . R-B7? this is 2 3 . . . N-B4! In this case Black
would have to be prepared for 24
19 N-Q3 B-B l ( ? )
P-KN4 ! ? N(B4)xKP 25 B-R 3 (threatening
Playing the rook to the seventh would 26 P-N 3 ) , though after 25 . . . NxKNP!
not cause White much trouble, for after 26 BxN BxR 27 RxB N-Q3 he is quite
19 . . . R-B7 20 N-N4! Black cannot well placed.
continue with 20 . . . RxNP? 2 1 BxN PxB 23 N-R4
22 B-B 3 R-K7 23 KR-QB l followed by 2 4 K-B l B-N2
24 K-B l , when his rook is trapped. 2 5 P-KN4 N-B 3
Nevertheless the text-move is an 26 P-N 3 ?
inaccuracy, albeit a minor one. Better is
In his subsequent analysis Botvinnik
19 . . . N-B5 , making it difficult for White
expressed dissatisfaction with this move.
to activate his pieces, e.g. 20 R-Ql B-B l .
The weakening of the squares QB 3 and
Botvinnik gives another possibility : 20
QR 3 will soon become noticeable.
B-N4 B-B l 21 BxB KxB 22 KR-QB l , but
although White has a slight advantage it is 26 . . . N-N4!
merely of a symbolic character. 27 K-K2?
In Botvin nik's opinion the correct
20 p B3 N-Q3 move is 27 P-KR4. As a result of this
21 B-B 2 ( ? )
second inaccuracy White has lost all
More accurate i s 2 1 R-B 2. After the winning chances. Black's simplest reply to
text-move Black is given a chance to get the text-move is 27 . . . N-R6, and the
active play by 21 . . . R-B7. blockade of the queen's wing neutralizes
any advantage that the two bishops might
21 B-R 3 ( ? ) otherwise have for White . Bronstein , how
22 QR-B l N(R4)-B5 ever, chooses another continuation ,
2 3 KR-Kl which i s also good.
Bronstein's principal mistake is that he
27 . . . B-B l
largely conducts the game without a real
strategical plan, relying instead on tactical This threatens B-R6 and thereby
manoeuvres. Strategically Black's main forces White to play P-QR4, weakening
task should be to force his opponent to his QN P.
1 50 Pacbman 's Decisive Games
28 P-QR4 N-B2 106. Botvinnik-Bronstein
2� B-N 3 N-R 3
30 B-Bl P-B 3
31 KR-Ql N-R4!
32 RxR RxR
33 R-B l RxR
34 NxR B-R6
35 K-Ql
1 0 5 . Botvinnik-Bronstein
Position after Black's 4 1 st move

42 B-Q6
Sealed moves have a psychology of

their own. The player making one does
not always look for the strongest move,
but chooses one that will give him a
chance to find the best line at home. A
move that brings about a repetition, thus
35 BxN?
leaving the options open, or a waiting
Bron stein 's worst mistake in this game. move that does not alter the character of
Winning the QNP is of no real advantage the position are ideal in this case. Often,
to Black because of his own doubled too, a player chooses a move that his
pawns, and yet to do so he gives up his opponent does not expect, even though it
strongest defensive piece. Although it is may be objectively inferior.
possible that the game is not lost as a There are, however, instances where
result, White does certainly get excellent too much importance should not be
practical chances. attached to the psychological side of the
sealed move, namely, when the position
36 KxB NxPch demands a clear-cut procedure. The
37 K-B2 N-R4 present is a case in question.
38 K-B 3 K-B2 The majority of the spectators had ex
39 P-K4 P-B4? pected the strong and logical continuation
Bronstein wanted to complicate the 42 B-Nl ! , with the intention of exchanging
position in order to make the most of his on Q5 and then winning the QP by B-R2.
opponent's time-trouble. But this If White had actually sealed 42 B-N l , he
advance, leading to a pawn exchange , is in would have had a win in all variations:
complete contradiction to the demands ( i) 42 . . . N-B5 43 PxQP PxP 44 B-B4
of the situation. As a result the White followed by 45 B-R2, winning a pawn.
bishops increase their power and Black 's (ii) 42 . . . BPxP 43 PxP PxP 44 BxPch
position will soon become untenable. K-N2 45 BxNP! ! (There is also a win by
40 NPxP 45 B-Q6, as the white bishops are in
NPxP
41 B-Q3 K-N3 complete command of the situation. The
elegant piece sacrifice was discovered by
The game was adjourned i n this Flohr immediately after the game was
position with the world champion sealing adjourned.) 45 NxB 46 K-B4
his next move. followed by 47 K-N5 .
Wo rld Cbampio1; sbip Ma tch 1 95 1 151
(iii) 42 . . . N-B 3 4 3 PxQP PxP 44 45 PxP P-R3
B-R2 N(R 3)-N5 45 B-N 3 K-B 3 46 B-Q6 46 B-B4 P-R4
or 44 . . . N-K2 45 B-R4, and Black loses 47 PxP PxP
a pawn. 48 P-R4 N(R 3)-Nl
Botvinnik purposely avoided the 49 B-N5ch K-B2
straightforward continuation 42 B-N 1 , 50 B-B 5 N-R2
choosing instead one that his opponent
Although this prevents the bishop
was unlikely to analyse. But this "psycho
going to QB8, Black would have greater
logical combination" very nearly lost him
practical chances with 50 . . . N- K2. Then
his title and caused him endless hours of
White dare not win the pawn immedi
anxiety devoted to analysing.
ately, for 5 1 BxN? KxB 52 B-N6 N-B 3 5 3
N-B 3 BxP N-R 2 ! 5 4 B-B 3 K-K 3 5 5 P-KR5 P-N4
42
43 B-Nl K-B 3 ? 56 P-R6 K-B 3 5 7 BxP PxP 58 K-N4 P-R 6 !
leads to a draw. According to Botvinnik's
The most natural move i s not always analysis, however, there is a win to be had
the best . Black is concerned with the against 50 . . . N-K2 by 51 B-R 3 !
threat of 44 PxKP PxP 45 B-R 2, which N(N l )-B 3 5 2 B-N2 K-N2 5 3 BxN NxB 5 4
can now be answered by 45 . . . K-K 3 . As K-N4 N-B 3ch 5 5 K-N5 NxPch 56 KxP,
a result he misses the last opportunity to when the passed rook pawn decides the
get active play, viz . 43 . . . N-R2! I f issue.
White then continues with h i s plan ( 44
51 B-B4 N(N l )-B3
PxKP PxP 45 B-R2), Black can counter
52 B-Q3 N-B l
with 45 . . . P-N4! Joint analysis after the
53 B-K2 K-N 3
game produced the following interesting
54 B-Q3ch K-B 3
variation : 46 P-R5 (46 BxP PxP 47 BxP
55 B-K2 K-N3
N-N 4ch , etc.) 46 . . . P-N5ch! (but not 46
56 B-B 3 N(B 3 )-K2
. . . N-B 3 47 BxP NxRP 48 P-B4 with
advantage to White) 47 K-Q3 N-N4 48 There is no salvation in 5 6
B-K5 N ( R 3)-B 2 , and Black can defend N(B 1 )-K2 57 B-N5 ( 5 7 B-B7 is also
himself. strong) 5 7 . . . N-B4 58 BxQP N(B4)xQP
59 B-K4ch K-B2 60 K-B4.
44 B-N3 ! !
It is evident that Botvinnik devoted 57 B-N 5

more time to the position at the adjourn
1 07. Botvinnik-Bronstein
ment than did his opponent who, in view
of the expected continuation 42 B-N l ,
considered that the game was lost. The
fine text-move brings about an interesting
zugzwang position , the main idea being
44 . . . N(R 3)-N5 45 B-K5ch ! K-N 3 46
B-Q6 N-R 3 47 PxKP PxP 48 B-R2, etc.
44 . . . BPxP
This relieves the king of the duty of

defending the KBP, but, on the negative
side, it increases the scope of White's Bronstein thought over the posmon
bishop and creates a new weakness, the for fully forty minutes before deciding to
KRP. resign. No matter what he moves he loses
a pawn, and attempts to improve the on the afternoon following the victory
situation on the queen's wing are fruit ceremony, the outcome being a symbolic
less, e.g. 57 . . . N-8 3 5 8 8xQP N-Q3 5 9 confirmation of 8ronstein's assessment of
8-8 3 K-84 ( threatening N-K5ch) 60 the position.
8-8 1 ! P-N4 61 8xN Px8 62 P-R5 K-K3 The last game of the match ended in a
63 P-R 6 N-8 1 64 8-84, etc. The game quick draw, and so the title remained in
was actually played to an end unofficially 8otvinnik 's hands.
Staunton Memorial
Tournament I 9 5 I
Disaster in the Penultimate Round
In London 's first international chess Queen's Gambit

tournament, held in 1 85 1 , the world's
leading players met in a knock-out com Trifunovic Bogolyubov
petition of matches in which the first to
1 N-KB 3 P-Q4
win four games went on to the next
2 P-Q4 N-KB 3
round. The organizer of the tournament
3 P-B4 P-B 3
was the British master Howard Staunton,
4 N-B 3 P-K3
who, by virtue of a knowledge of posi
5 B-N5
tional play unequalled by any of his
contemporaries, was the favourite. How This move shows that Trifunovic is
ever, in the event, he was overshadowed resolved to play sharply for a win, for it
by the rising German star Anderssen, who gives his opponent a chance to adopt the
won the tournament. very unclear Anti-Meran Gambit : 5 . . .
Almost a hundred years later to the PxP 6 P-K4 P-N4.
day, on 26 May 1 9 5 1 -the London
5 . . . QN-Q2
tournament had begun on 27 May
185 1 -a tournament in memory of But Bogolyubov would rather go into
Staunton started in the town of Chelten the Cambridge Springs, which is brought
ham, where the first six rounds were about by 6 P-K3 Q-R4. Then the best
played. The next three took place in continuation for both sides is supposed to
Leamington and the last six in Birming be 7 PxP NxP, whereas recapturing with
ham. the pawn (7 . . . KPxP) is not considered
The tournament was dominated by the good for Black.
Yugoslav contingent. For most of the
6 PxP KPxP
tournament three of them-Gligoric , Pirc
7 P-K3 Q-R4?
and Trifunovic-fought it out for first
place, and with two rounds to go the Black now gets into the weak variation
leading scores were : Gligoric, 9, mentioned above. The usual continuation
Trifunovic 8'h, Alexander, Matanovic and is 7 . . . B-K2 8 Q-B2 0-0 9 B-Q3.
Pirc 8.
8 B-Q3 N-K5
In view of the position, Gligoric
adopted a policy that has often helped
9 0-0!
the leader to victory in similar situations: This pawn sacrifice is considered to be
he avoided every possible risk and quietly the refutation of Black's play. If now 9
drew his games against Tanakower and . . . NxN 10 PxN QxBP, then White gets a
Scheltinga. His tactics were all the wiser strong attack by 1 1 P-K4 PxP 1 2 R-K l !
in that he had Black in the last two P-KB4 1 3 R-QB l Q-R6 1 4 N-KR4.
rounds. The fate of his chief rival, Dr
Trifunovic, was decided in the penulti 9 NxB
mate round. 10 NxN N-B 3
I n a game J anowski-Bogolyubov, New 1 8 N·B3 O·O
York 1 9 24, White obtained the advantage 1 9 P·QN4 Q·K2
after 1 0 . . . B-K2 1 1 P-B4 N-B 3 12 Q-Kl
Black is well developed and has
Q-N 3 1 3 R-N l B-Q2 14 N-B 3 . By occupy
nothing to fear from the minority attack.
ing the square KS with his knight White
The most n atural plan for him is KR- K l
gets good attacking chances on the king's
and N-KS .
wing.
20 N·Q2 B·Nl
1 1 R-Kl ?
Now that the White knight has de
White was probably preparing the
parted from K B 3 , Black intends to
advance P-K4, which, however, is not
operate with the threat of Q-B 2 or Q-Q3 .
good in this position. He should have
However, 20 . . . KR-Kl JS a more
played 1 1 Q-B 2 , e.g. 1 1 . . . P-KR3 1 2
natural-looking move.
N-B 3 B-K2 1 3 N-KS followed by P-B 4.
The immediate 1 1 P-B4, on the other 21 R·N l KR·Kl
hand, would allow Black to simplify by 22 P·QR4 P-Q.R4?
1 1 . . . P-KR3 1 2 N-B 3 B-KN S .
This pawn sacrifice is incorrect and
11 B·K2 should have given White a clear advan
12 Q-B2 B·Q2 tage. The best move seems to be 22 . . .
1 3 QR-QBl R·Ql B-Q3! , making use of the tactical weak
1 4 P·QR3 ness of White's QN4. If then 2 3 P-N S ,
Instead of preparing the well-known Black can continue 2 3 . . . P-QN 3 2 4
minority attack, White should play 1 4 N( BS )-N 3 P-B4.
P·B4, though for a n attack o n the king's
2 3 Px P Q·B2
wing his rook would be better placed on
24 N-B3 R·K2
KB l than on K l . For two moves White is
faced with the temptation of playing
NxRP(?), which he resists. If he were to
take the pawn, Black would be ill
advised to play 1 4 . . . NxN 1 5 BxN
P-KN3 1 6 BxP PxB 1 7 QxPch K-B l 1 8
P-K4, which gives White a dangerous
attack. Much better is 14 . . . N-K S ! 1 5
NxN PxN 1 6 BxP P-KB4 (or 1 6 . . .
Q-KR4) .
14 B·QBl
1 5 P-R3 Q-B 2
16 N-R4
25 B·B S ! N-K S ! ?
Here 1 6 N x R P can b e answered simply
by 1 6 . . . NxN 1 7 BxN P-KN 3 , and Black has n o good way o f protecting
the QNP, so he decides to go in for
although White gets three pawns for his
piece (after 18 BxP), this is not sufficient complications. This has the disadvantage
that White could simply continue 26 NxN
compensation in view of Black's two
BxB 27 N-B6ch PxN 28 QxB, destroying
bishops and the harmonious co-operation
Black's pawn position with fatal effects.
of his pieces.
At this stage of the game Dr Trifunovic
16 . . . B·Q3 was very near to winning the tournament,
1 7 N·BS P-KR3 for he had one of the less dangerous
Staunton Memorial Tournament 1951 15 5
players a s a n opponent i n the last round, a 33 RxKPch !
member of the home contingent, Klein. 3 4 KxR QxRPch
26 8x8? Qx8 109. Trifunovic-Bogolyubov

27 NxN PxN
28 N-Q2 Q-82
29 NxP! ?
More solid is 2 9 N-B l , though even in

that case Black would have obtained a
slight advantage by 29 . . . QxP.
29 . . . Q·R7ch
30 K-81 Q-RSch ?
Black fails to see a little tactical twist

and as a result throws away his advantage.
Instead 30 . . . R(Ql )-Kl ! is very strong, 35 P-83
e.g. 3 1 P-B3 RxN ! 3 2 · PxR B-N6 3 3
KR-Ql Q-R8ch 3 4 K-K2 QxNPch 3 5 This causes an irreparable weakness.
K-Q3 QxKPch 3 6 K-B3 QxKPch and the Much stronger is 35 K-K 2 ! PxN 36 Q-K4!
White king has nowhere safe to go. I n P-KB4 ( 3 6 . . . R-K l ? 37 R-N8ch) 3 7
addition Black h as a king-side pawn Q- K3, when White should be able to draw
majority of 3 : 1 . Both these facts would the game in spite of the exposed position
give him the much better game. of his king .
31 K-K2 QxNP
35 PxN
32 N-86ch ! K-8 1
36 Q-Q3
33 R·KNl
If 36 Q-K4, the reply 36 . . . P-KB4 is
Now it is Black who appears to be lost,
strong, for Whitt. does not have access to
for 3 3 . . . QxRP allows the decisive reply
K3 .
3 4 Q-R7 . Unfortunately for Trifunovic
there is a tactical finesse in the position. 36 . . . Q-R7
Smunton Memorial 1 9 5 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pts Prize
1 Gligoric 1 1 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 'h 'h 'h 10 I
2 Pirc 0 'h 0 'h 0 1 1 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 'h 9 'h II-IV
3 St� lberg 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 'h 1 9 'h II-IV
4 Trifunovic 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 0 'h 'h 1 1 1 9 'h I I - IV
5 Alexander 1 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 B 'h v-vm
6 Matanovic 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 B 'h V-VIII
7 Rossolimo 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h B 'h V-VIII
8 Unzicker 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 'h 'h 'h I 1 B 'h V-VIII
9 Donner 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 0 'h 'h 0 0 'h 7
10 Klein 0 'h 0 0 1 'h 1 0 0 1 'h 1 1 'h 0 7
11 Bogolyubov 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 'h 6'h
12 Golombek 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 1 'h 'h 6
1 3 Broadbent 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 0 1 1 'h 'h 0 S 'h
14 Tartakower 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 1 0 0 0 'h - 1 'h S 'h
1 5 v. Scheltinga 'h 0 'h 0 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 5
16 Wade 'h 'h 0 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 1 0 'h 1 'h 0 5
3 7 Q-K4 P·KB4! 40 K·Q3 Q·Q7ch
38 QxKBP R·K l ch 41 K·B4 RxQ
Now White is lost, for 39 K-Q3 is 42 PxR Q-QB7ch
answered decisively by 39 . . . Q-K7ch 40
K-83 R·K6ch 41 K-N4 B·Q3ch. Confronted with mate on the next
39 Q·K4 B·BS ch move, White resigned.
33 Mar6czy Memorial,
Budapest 1 95 2
A Precise Positional Performance
From March to April 1 9 5 2 an inter If 22 .. . RxB , then 2 3 Q-Q2!

national tournament was held in Buda R(Ql )-Kl 24 BxN BxB 25 PxB RxRch
pest in memory of the Hungarian grand 26 RxR RxRch 27 QxR , when 27 . . .
master Geza Mar6czy, in his day one of QxQP is not possible on account of 28
the strongest players in the world. The Q-K8 mate.
organizers succeeded in getting together a
23 PxN QxQ
very powerful field, including the world
24 RxQ RxR
champion, M. M. Botvinnik, who was at
25 BxR BxP
that time a rare participant in inter
26 P-QR4!
national events. Along with Keres and
Smyslov, Botvinnik was one of the Not, of course , 26 R-Ql ? R-K l 2 7
favourites for first place. All three grand RxB RxB o r 26 BxP R-R l 27 P-QB 4?
masters, however, suffered defeats within RxB 28 PxB R-R4, in both cases the
the first few rounds. In the second round ending being drawn.
Botvinnik with White lost to Geller, and
26 R-Q3
Keres fell to Petrosian , who was just at
27 R-Ql K-B2
the start of his international career; in the
28 P-R 5 ! R-K3
third round Smyslov was beaten by
29 B-Bl
Keres. The latter then proceeded to make
up lost ground with victories over Pilnik, If 29 BxP, then 29 . . . B-N6.
Sliwa and Geller. Keres's important win
29 B-N6
over Geller was achieved in a pretty game.
30 R-Q7ch K-Bl
1 1 0. Keres-Geller 31 RxBP R-K4
32 R-86 Rx P
33 R-QN6!
Not 3 3 RxP? R-QB4.
33 B-B7
3 4 RxP R-QB4
35 R-R3 R-Q4
36 P-B3 R-Q8
37 K-B2 R-B8
38 P·R4 B-N3
39 B-B4 K-K2
Position after Black's 1 7th move 40 P-N4 P-R3
18 NxP! QxN 41 B-Q5 Resigns
19 B-N3 N-B 5 Botvinnik suffered a further, and even
20 NxN PxN more unexpected, defeat in the seventh
21 BxP N-Q4 round. Instead of coutinuing with 3 9 . . .
22 BxB QxB Q-Q8ch 4-0 K-R2 Q-Q5 , which would

have led to a draw, he chose a' losing King's Indian
move and the game continued 39 . . .
P-K 5 ? 40 R-K85 ! Q-NSch 41 K-R2 Q-N5 , O'Kelly Geller
after which he resigned, for White has
1 P-Q4 N-K83
two ways of winning : 42 RxBch PxR 4 3
2 N-K83 P·KN3
QxB Pch K-Kl 44 RxNch QxR 4 5
3 8-84 8·N2
Q-QB6ch and 4 2 P-R6 R-Kl 4 3 P-R7
4 QN·Q2 0-0
Q-R6 44 R-N7 followed by 45 R-N8.
5 P-K4 P-Q3
6 .8-Q3 QN-Q2
7 0-0 N-R4
8 8-KN5 P-KR 3
9 8-R4 N-8 5
10 8-84 P-KN4
11 8-KN3 P-K4
12 P-83 N-QN3
13 8-N3 8-N5
14 P-KR3 8·Q2
15 P-QR4 P-QR4
16 N-84 NxN
17 8xN(Q84) K-Rl
Position after White's 39th move 18 R-Kl Q-K2
The least successful of the trio of 19 N-R2 QR-Ql
favourites was Smyslov. After his defeat 20 PxP PxP
by Keres, he did admittedly win in the 21 Q-N3
founh round against Benko, but then he
1 1 2 . O'Kelly-Geller
lost the next two games, against Pilnik
and, with White, against Kottnauer.
Keres lost a second time in the ninth
round, to Szabo, but by the time the last
round had been reached he had caught up
with Geller, who had been in the lead the
whole time. Both of them had 1 1 'h
points, Stahlberg 1 1 , Botvinnik and
Smyslov 1 0. The last round proved to be
very exciting. Smyslov and Botvinnik
won against Gcreben and Pilnik respec
tively, drawing level with Stahlberg, who
21 . . . P-K84 ! ?
was a victim of the tense atmosphere. In
the opening the latter unwisely allowed If instead 2 1 . . . P-N 3 , the game might
his opponent, Benko, to open the KR file well continue 22 N-N4 P-KB4 2 3 PxP
and as a result his king was badly ex BxBP 24 N-K3 B-K5 25 BxN NPxB (or
posed. After a while he lost two pawns 25 . . . RxB but not 25 . . . KPxB 26
and when the game was adjourned he was N-Q5 Q-K4 27 P-B 3 ) 26 N-Q5 BxN 27
in a hopeless position. BxB with a hopelessly drawn position.
The struggle for first p rize was decided Geller does not want to waste time
by the games of the leaders, Geller and defending the QNP and invites the varia
Keres. Geller played the opening quietly, tion 22 QxP R-QNl 2 3 Q-R7 RxP 2 4
but then sought complications. QxRP, trusting that the fact that the
Mar6czy Mem orial, Budapest 1952 159
queen is out of play will give him At first sight, this looks a little sur
sufficient counter-play for the pawn. prising, for the Queen's Gambit accepted
However, O'Kelly is not interested in is a system in which White can get an easy
such complications. draw if he wishes. However, Keres rightly
concludes that 3 . . . P-K3 and 3 . . . P-B 3
22 PxP BxP are no more promising and proceeds on
23 N-N4 Q-B4
the assumption that his opponent has a
24 N-K3 B-K5 considerable interest in playing for a
25 QR-QI Q-B 3 win-in the circumstances a reasonable
26 Q-N 5 ! Q-KB 3 ! ? assu mption, for, at the time, a victory
Taking the KNP i s out of the question seemed likely to get Barcza among the
because White could then exchange off prize winners, whereas a draw did not.
one of Black's attacking pieces, e.g. 26 4 P·K 3 P-K 3
. . . BxP? 27 BxN o r 26 . . . NxP? 27 5 BxP P-B4
QxQ.
When playing for a win, one can easily
27 RxR • RxR have a few anxious moments in such a
28 QxRP P-N 3 position lest one's opponent might sim
plify by PxP on this or the next move.
On his 26th move Geller avoided an
exchange of queens by sacrificing a pawn. 6 0-0 P·QR3
As O ' Kelly did not decline the sacrifice, it 7 Q·K2 P-QN4
was to be expected that a sharp struggle 8 B-Q3
would ensue. Objectively seen, Black has
The usual move is 8 B-N 3 , but in his
insufficient compensation for the p awn,
game with Smyslov, Keres, who had
e.g. 2 9 Q-N5 B-B3 ( 29 . . . R-Q7? 30
White, used the same retreat as in this
N-N4 Q-B4 3 1 Q-K8ch B-B l 3 2 RxB ! ) 3 0
game and got a slight advantage after 8
Q-N3 R-Q7 3 1 R-Ql Q-Q3 3 2 BxN KPxB
. . . N·B 3 9 P-QR4 P·N5 ( 9 . . . PxRP 1 0
33 N-Q5 RxRch 34 QxR. O'Kelly, how
B-B 2 ! ) 1 0 PxP BxP 1 1 P-K4 P·K4 1 2
ever, offered a draw, which Geller under
B·K3 . Now Keres, with Black, finds a
standably accepted, for the risks involved
better defence.
in playing on would have been very great
indeed. 8 ... PxP
9 PxP B·N2?
Queen's Gambit The theoretical view of the variation 8
B-Q.3 changed somewhat after the Buda
Barcza Ker es pest tournament, and a few years later it
I N·KB3 P-Q.4 was discovered that this natural move is
2 P-Q4 not good. Correct is 9 . . . B-K2 ! and then
10 P-QR4 PxP! After that 1 1 B-B2 is no
Barcza departs from his beloved 2 longer dangerous, for Black can simply
P-KN3 . The reason is obviously psycho castle.
logical: he assumes, first, that Keres will
have been prepared for 2 P-KN3 and, 10 P·QR4 PxP! ?
secondly, that he will not feel at home in Strategically the right idea, though it
the Queen's Gambit, which he normally has a tactical snag, for White can now get
avoids.
an advantage by 1 1 B·B 2 ! , e.g. 1 1 . . .
2 N·KB 3 B·K2 1 2 BxQRPch B-B 3 1 3 BxBch NxB
3 P·B4 PxP 14 RxP NxP 15 NxN RxR 16 QxR QxN
1 7 B-K3 or 1 2 . . . QN-Q2? 1 3 N-KS R-B l 18 N-QN S !
14 P-QS , with a strong attack (Sp anjaard 1 9 B-Nl QR-Bl
Devos, 1 9 5 9 ) . The best defence in this 20 R-QB l KR·Ql
line seems to be 1 2 . . . KN-Q2 ! 21 P-QN 3 P-N3
1 1 RxP? Black would like to finish regrouping

his pieces by N ( B 3 )-Q4. However, he
Now the game goes into a position
cannot do it at once because of 22
that Black could have attained if he had
BxPch.
played 9 . . . B-K2.
22 P-B 3?
11 B-K2
1 2 QN-Q2 0-0 Mistakes are easily made i n difficult
1 3 N-N 3 situations. Now the weakness of the
square K3 will soon make itself felt. The
Neither on this square nor on QRS will
correct move is 22 N-Q3 in order to try
the kn ight be well placed. A better move
and exchange off a minor piece.
is 1 3 N-B4, though in that case; Black can
play 1 3 . . . N-B 3 followed by N-QN S . 22 N(B 3)-Q4
23 B-K4?
13 B-B3
1 4 R-Rl Q-N 3 ! Strangely enough this move is bound
1 5 N-RS B-N4 to lead to the loss of at least a pawn.
An excellent positional manoeuvre. An
Barcza had probably intended to play 2 3
exchange of white-squared bishops is B-KB 2 (which would explain his previous
bound to help Black, for it eliminates the move, P-KB 3 ) but now realized that it
danger of a king-side attack and allows could be answered by 22 . . . B-N4. The
text-move is an attempt to meet the
him to concentrate on his opponent's
threat of 23 . . . NxB 24 QxN RxP! ( 25
isolated QP.
QxR? B-B 4) , but the best way of doing so
16 N-B4 Q-N2 is 2 3 K-R l , when White at least maintains
17 KN-KS N-B3 material equality even though he has a
decidedly inferior position.
1 1 3 . B.ucza-Keres
23 P-B4!
24 BxN
White cannot very well make good his

mistake by retreating with his Bishop ( 2 4
B-N l ) , for Black would go ahead and win
the QP in the way described in the
previous note.
24 PxB
25 N-RS RxRch !
26 BxR
1 8 B-K 3 ?
White would lose a piece by 26 RxR?
A bad positional mistake. White was Q-N 3 .
already worse off, and should have sought
to ease his position by exchanging 26 Q-N3
knights, e.g. 1 8 NxN QxN 19 B-K3. 2 7 Q-Ql
Maroczy Memorial, Budapest 1952 161
1 1 4. Barcza-Keres 28 N-87
29 N(RS )-86
A last, despairing attempt to compli-

cate matters. If, instead, 29 R-R2, the
simple 29 . . . QxP is sufficient, and if 29
N(RS)-B4, Black can either capture the
QP or win by 29 . . . PxN 30 QxN QxP 3 1
B·N2 P·B6.
29 RxN
30 NxR QxN
3 1 R·R2 N·NS
27 R-Q81 !
Better than 3 1 . . . NxP 3 2 B-K3. Now
Black could instead win a pawn by 27 White will not be able to get his rook
. . . N-B7 2 8 R-R2 QxPch 29 QxQ NxQ, into play.
but he is quite rightly not content with
that. The text-move threatens 28 . . . RxB 32 R·K 8 2 Q-86
29 RxR QxN and leaves White no way of 33 8·N2 N-Q6!
avoiding loss of material. 34 R·Q82 Nx8
35 Q-Q.8 1 QxNP
2 8 K-Rl
36 RxN Q-85
In order to reply to 28 . . . RxB ? by 37 R·Q82 Q·88ch
29 QxR. 38 Resign s
Budapest 1 9 5 2
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 Pts Prize
1 Keres -
1 'h 1 'h 0 0 1 1 'h 1 1 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 1 2 'h I
2 Geller 0 - 1 'h 'l.z 1 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 12 II
3 Botvinnik 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 0 1 1 1 1 1 1h 1 1 III - V
4 Smyslov 0 'h 'l.z -
'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 1 'h 0 1 1 1 1 11 I I I -V
5 St�lberg 'h 'l.z Vz 'h 0 1 'h 'h 0 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 1 11 I I I -V
6 Szabo 1 0 'h 'h 1 - 1 'l.z 'h 1 1 0 'h 0 0 1 lO'h VI
7 Petrosian 1 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 9 '1.z VII, VIII
8 Pilnik 0 0 0 1 'h 'h 'l.z 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 9'h VII , V I I I
9 O'Kelly 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'l.z Vz 1 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 'h 9 IX
1 0 Benko 'h 'h 'l.z 0 1 0 1 'h 0 -
0 1 1 1 'l.z 0 0 1 8 'h
1 1 Barcza 0 0 'h 0 'h 0 0 1 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 0 'h 1 8
12 Szily 0 'h 1 'h 0 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h -
'h 1 1 0 1 1 8
1 3 Golombek 'h 'h 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h -
'l.z 1 1 1 1 7
14 Kottnauer 'h 'h 0 1 0 1 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h - 0 1 1 0 7
15 Gereben 0 0 0 0 'h 'h y, 'l.z 'h l4 0 0 0 1 - 1 0 1 6
16 Trolanescu 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 -
'l.z 5 'h
17 Sliwa 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 'h 0 0 0 1 'h 5
18 Platz 0 0 'h 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
1 957
A Draw Worth its Weight in Gold
The match between Botvinnik and came back into the match in the thir
Smyslov played in 1 9 5 7 is often com teenth game, which he conducted in his
pared to one that took place thirty years best style and won after making use of a
earlier, that between Alekhin and Capa small positional advantage in an exem
blanca. If we ignore the draws, then the plary manner. Two days later, in a game
challenger won by the same score, 6 : 3 . in which he had Black, he came very near
Even more interesting i s the fact that the to winning again, Smyslov only escaping
order of the won games was the same, viz. by the skin of his teeth in an endgame in
1 : 0, 1 : 1 , 1 : 2 , 2 : 2, 3 : 2, 4 : 2 , 4 : 3 , 5 : 3 , 6 : 3 . which he was virtually a pawn down.
'
The bare figures might lead one to con When the fifteenth game started, it was
clude that the decisive game was again fairly clear that Botvinnik would make a
that in which the challenger chalked up big effort to win. And, in fact, he did
his fifth win to take a two-point lead, in have a clearly won game at the adjourn
this case the seventeenth game, in which ment. But then he relaxed and allowed
Botvinnik had White. But a closer look at his opponent to draw.
the game itself shows that Botvinnik
hardly put up a real fight at all. He played Nimzo-Indian
well under his normal strength and at
variance with his usual style. He conceded Botvinnik Smyslov
his opponent the two bishops in the
1 P-QB4 N-K B 3
opening; then he unnecessarily weakened
2 N-QB 3 P-K 3
his pawn structure. He lost a pawn in the
3 P-Q4 B-N5
ending and missed a drawing line after the
4 P-K3 P-QN 3
second time control. This was, of course,
5 KN-K2 B-R3
virtually the end. After two quiet draws,
6 P-QR3
the second of which lasted only fifteen
moves, Smyslov won the twentieth game, Prior to 1 95 7 this continuation was
and the next two games, drawn in thir considered strong, because Black usually
teen and twenty-one moves respectively, replied by withdrawing his bishop to K 2 .
were only a form of capitulation. Smyslov had made excellent preparation
The real turning-point in the match for the match and had discovered that
occurred earlier, in the fifteenth round to Black has another move, and one, more
be precise. But first let us go back a little. over, that equalizes. As a result, in later
Smyslov managed to build up a lead of years 6 N-N 3 was often seen. If the game
7: 5 in the first half of the match, and at then continues 6 . . BxNch (the sharp
.
that stage few observers gave Botvinnik advance 6 . . . P-R4 ! ? is interesting) 7 PxB
much of a chance. His opponent, after all, P-Q4 8 Q-B 3 (the pawn sacrifice 8 B-R3
was noted for his strong finishing powers, BxP 9 BxB PxB 1 0 0-0 ! ? is less clear) 8
which had helped him in many a tourna . . . 0-0 9 PxP, the natural reply 9 . . PxP
.
ment to make up lost ground after an gives White an advantage, e.g. 10 BxB
indifferen t start. Nevertheless Botvinnik NxB 1 1 Q-K2 N-Nl 1 2 P-B 3 . A better
World Championship Match 1 95 7 163
line for Black is 9 . . . QxP ! 10 P-K4 R-Kl 1 3 N-N5 P-B 3 ! 1 4 N-Q6 R-K2,
Q-QR4. which leads to equality.
6 ... BxNch! 1 2 N-N5 KR-Ql

7 NxB P-Q4 1 3 B-N 2
The idea behind the exchange. Black Better than 1 3 B-R 3 . White keeps the
gets an attack on the QBP in return for square QR 3 free for his knight.
the two bishops.
13 N-QR4
8 P-QN3 0-0 14 Q-B2 P-B 3
9 B-K2 15 N-R3 Q-K2
16 0-0 P-B4
This whole variation occurred in the
17 N-N5 B-N2
match three times altogether. Two games
18 B-R3
previously, Botvinnik had played the
immediate 9 P-QR4. If Smyslov had then A natural-looking move, but probably
replied with 9 . . . PxP followed by N-B 3 , not the best. The bishop is better placed
the same position as i ft the present game on QN2, so the immediate 18 P-B3 is
would have been reached, for White preferable.
would certainly have developed his
bishop to K2. Smyslov, however, chose 18 N-B 3
a sharper continuation , 9 . . . P-B4! ? and 19 KR-Ql P-QR3
got a satisfactory position after 1 0 B-R3 20 N-B3 N-QN5
QPxP 11 NPxP N-B 3 ! 12 PxP PxP 1 3 21 Q-N3 P-QR4
QxQ R(B l )xQ 1 4 BxP N-QR4, though he 22 N-N 5
later lost the game. Now the knight takes up a permanent
9 . . . PxP position on this strong post after having
1 0 PxP N-B 3 ! previously occupied it twice. White's
pieces are all concentrated on the queen's
This, when followed b y N-QR4, will side, a fact which Smyslov quite rightly
put increased pressure on the QBP. In the exploits by preparing a dangerous king
seventh game, a draw was agreed after 1 1 side attack.
N-N5 N-QR4 1 2 B-Q2 P-B3 1 3 B xN PxB !
1 4 N-B 3 P-B4 1 5 N-R4 PxP 16 PxP Q-Q3 22 P-R3
1 7 0-0 QR-Ql 1 8 Q-Q2 QxQP 1 9 QxP 23 B-N 2 QR-Bl
Q-K5 20 N-B 3 Q-B 3 2 1 N-N 5 Q-N3 22 24 P-B3 PxP
QxQ PxQ 23 KR-Ql N-K5. Match play 25 PxP N-R4
has its peculiarities. One of these is the 26 B-KBl Q-N4
endeavour to discover weaknesses in the 27 B-R3
opponent's theoretical armour and to
strengthen one's play in vananons This wins a pawn, for the Black knight
specially prepared for the match by the cannot withdraw, e.g. 27 . . . N-QB 3 28
opponent. The next move is obviously a N-Q6 R-B2 29 P-Q5 .
result of Botvinnik's preparations. N-B 5
27 . . .
1 1 P-QR4( ! ) Q-Q2( ? ) 2 8 K-Rl
Later analysis showed that this move, The first crisis in the game. It is fairly
which makes way for the roo k, is super clear that Black must pursue his king-side
fluous. Black would have done better to action energetically. Strategically the
continue with 1 1 . . . N-QR4 1 2 B-R3 advance of the KRP to KR 6 to weaken
1 1 5 . Botvinnik-Smyslov ever, the attack he gets there does not
seriously endanger White.
3 2 R-K l R-KB4
1 1 6 . Botvinnik-Smyslov
the opponent's pawns seems called for.

But such a plan is too slow, so tactical
measures are needed. The pretty rook
sacrifice 28 . . . RxBP would have gi.i aran 3 3 N-Q6?
teed at least a draw. Accepting it at once
( 2 9 QxR) would be very risky, for after Both players had used up a con
29 . . . R-QB l White cannot continue 3 0 siderable amount of their time and it is
Q-N 3 R-B7 31 B x N RxP! or 31 P-N3 not surprising that they make mistakes in
Q-R4, which leads to a quick loss, but this complicated position. Botvinnik's
must give up his queen for the other rook move no t only gives away all White's
by 30 QxRch BxQ, when Black has the advantage but even seriously endangers
advantage because his queen co-operates his position. Black should now reply
more harmoniously with the minor pieces energetically by advancing his RP; e.g. 3 3
than do White's rooks. A better continu . . . P-R6 ! 3 4 P-N3 N-N7 3 5 NxB ( 3 5
ation for White is 29 P-N3 N ( B 5 )-Q6 3 0 N-K4 BxN 3 6 PxB R-B7 3 7 R-Nl RxP or
QxR BxPch 3 1 B-N2 Q-K6 3 2 BxB 3 7 BxN PxBch 38 K-Nl R-B8ch 39 KxP !
QxBch with a draw . 30 RxN NxR 3 1 RxR 40 QxR RxP with advantage to
QxN Q-Q4! , on the other hand, is not Black) 3 5 . . . NxR 36 NxR N-B7 3 7
particularly promising, since Black gets a Q-N2 ( 3 7 QxP? Q-B8 ! ) 3 7 . . . NxR 3 8
second pawn and has excellent chances. QxN QxN 3 9 BxP R-QR4 and White loses
a pawn.
28 P-R4? The correct move for White in the
29 BxN PxB above position is the strong 3 3 P-Q5 ! ,
30 QxP P-R5 which reduces the Strength of Black's
3 1 R-R 3 bishop. If Black then takes the pawn ( 3 3
. . . PxP) the reply 3 4 N-Q6 i s decisive.
It is necessary to overprotect the KBP
And if 3 3 . . . R-K4 34 RxR QxR, White
and doing so with the rook is more logical
gets good winning chances, e.g. 3 5 Q-K7!
than with the queen ( Q-N 3 ) . Defence
Q-K8 ! ? 3 6 QxRch K-R2 3 7 R-R l ! ( 37
should always be economical, and the
K-N l ? ? N-K7ch) 3 7 . . . QxR 3 8 QxRPch
queen is very active where it is.
K-N l 39 K-N l with a won game.
31 R-B4
33 . . . NxP?
A slight disadvantage of White's pre
vious move is that Black is now able to A faulty combination , which does not
transfer his rook to the king-side. How- lose but returns the initiative to White.
World Championship Match 195 7 16S
34 BxN P-R6 1 1 7. Botvinnik-Smyslov
3S BxP BxPch
36 RxB RxR
37 NxP!
Smyslov had been prepared for two

replies, the first of which allows Black to
draw : 3 7 B-N2 R-B 7 38 R-KN l Q-B S 39
N-NS RxB 4 0 KxR Q-N Sch 41 K-B2
Q-B S ch with perpetual check. The second
leads to a win : 37 N-K4? Q-R S 38 B-N2
R-QN6! 39 Q-Q2 RxP! 40 Q-K2 (40
Q-KB2 RxN ! ) 40 . . . R-N7 ! 41 Q-B l Position after White's 4 1 st move
RxB ! He failed to see this pretty counter
precision in adjourned positions, which
and, what is more, he was so depressed
was the result of thorough and accurate
that he did not find the relatively simple
defence. analysis.
37 . . . RxN 41 Q-B S
42 Q-QB6 R-B4
Not, of course, 37 . . . KxN 38 BxPch
K-B 3 39 QxP, etc. Meeting the main threat, 43 P-R S .
White has now several ways of strength
38 BxP RxP? ening his position , e.g. 43 R-R l or 43
R-KN l . Botvinnik opts for the simplest
This gets Black into a lost position,
way of all, an exchange of queens, but in
though it is not the last surprise in this
doing so has to give up one of his extra
interesting · but nervously played game.
pawns.
The correct move is 38 . . . Q-B 3 ! , when
Black can hold the game thanks to the 43 Q-R8ch K-R2
weakened position of the White king, e.g. 44 Q-K4 QxQ
39 BxRch KxB 40 P-QS Q-KB6ch 41 4S RxQ R-QR4
K-N l Q-N Sch 42 K-B2 Q-B Sch 43 K-K2 46 K-N2 K-N3
R-Klch 44 K-Ql Q-NSch! 4S K-Q2 47 K-B 3 ? ?
Q-QSch 46 K-B2 RxR 47 QxR QxBPch,
draw, or 39 Q-B 3 RxP and the extra On occasions even the greatest of
pawn is not sufficient to win in this players make quite elementary technical
position. mistakes. In rook endings like this one,
the most important thing is to keep the
39 QxP R(QS)-BS opposing king away from the pawn .
40 BxRch RxB There was a simple win by 47 R-B4 ! , e.g.
41 Q-K6 47 . . . K-N4 48 K-B 3 RxP 49 K-K3
R-R6ch S O K-K4 R-KR6 ( S O . . . R-QB6
The game was adjourned at this stage,
S l P-R4ch K-R4 S 2 K-Q4) S l R-82 or 49
and some commentators thought Smyslov
. . . P-N3 S O P-R4ch K-R4 5 1 K·Q4.
might resign without resuming play.
Botvinnik himself was probably so in K-B4
47
fluenced by the general feeling that he 48 R-B4ch
did not give his full attention to the
adjournment analysis. His weak play on Other moves are no better, e.g. 48
resumption was a rarity for him and in K-K3 RxP 49 P-R4 R-R8 or 49 K-Q4
complete contrast to his normal fine R-R7, draw.
48 K-K4 S3 P-R4 R-QB 3
49 R-K4ch K-B4 S4 P-RS K-K3
so R-B4ch K-K4 SS K-N6 K-K4dis ch
Sl K-N4 RxP S6 K-N S K-K3
S2 K-N S R-R 3 ! Drawn
35 lnterzonal 1 9 5 8
Success for Tal, Catastrophe for Bronstein
The 1 9 5 8 Interzonal was held at the Ruy Lopez

charming Yugoslav seaside resort of
Portoroz on the Adriatic coast. The un Tai Panno
usual number of twenty-one contestants
1 P-K4 P-K4
made it somewhat difficult to get a
2 N-KB 3 N-QB 3
proper picture of the progress of this
3 B-N 5 P-QR3
chess marathon. For a long time about
4 B-R4 N-B 3
half the competing masters and grand
5 0-0 B-K2
masters-or, to be •more exact,' all the
6 R-Kl P-QN4
grandmasters and two of the masters,
7 B-N 3 P-Q3
Fischer and Benko-were in contention
8 P-B 3 0-0
for the six places that would ensure
9 P-KR3 N-Q2
promotion to the Candidates' Tourna
10 P-Q4 N-N 3
ment.
The Soviet grandmaster Tai was in top At the time the game was played, this
form, which afterwards made him one of move was considered better than 10 . . .
the favourites for the Candidates' Tourna B-B3 1 1 P-QR4.
ment. In the I nterzonal he lost to
Matanovic in the fourth round, but then 1 1 B-K3
for a long time kept close behind the This was also the move recommended
leader, Petrosian, before catching up with by theory . Later, Spasski in his match
him by an impressive victory over Larsen with Geller in 1 96 5 produced a very
in the fifteenth round. In the following strong improvement : 1 1 QN-Q2 B-B 3 1 2
round he took the sole lead when Larsen N-B l R-Kl 1 3 N(B l )-R2 ! followed b y 1 4
avenged himself on Petrosian for his N-N4. As a result, the variation beginning
defeat at the hands of Tai. After the with 1 0 . . . N-N3 disappeared from major
sixteenth round the position was as tournaments.
follows : Tai 1 1 , Petrosian 1 0 � , Olafsson
10. None of these three had yet had the 11 . . . PxP
bye, unlike Averbach, Benko, Fischer, Black must try and get in a counter
Gligoric and Pachman, who, with nine action in the centre to meet the threat of
points each, all had an extra game to 12 PxP followed by BxN, for 1 1 . . .
play. R-Nl would be a perceptible loss of time.
Tal's victory was decided in the seven
teenth round. One cannot help admiring 12 PxP N-R4!
the way he risked so much in that Bulgarian masters , who used to be
decisive game despite the fact that a fond of the move 10 . . . N-N3 , recom-
defeat Would not only have cost him the mended the advance 1 2 . . . P-Q4 with the
first place but could even have en idea of replying to 1 3 P-K5 by 1 3 . . .
dangered his chances of going on to the B-KB4, getting active play for Black's
Candidates' Tournament. pieces. However, about a year before the
Portoroz tournament White deviated on 16 P-B4
move 1 3 in the game Tal-Antochin, in 17 B-N 3 P-B5
the Soviet Championship, and got a clear
advantage : 1 3 N-B 3 ! PxP 1 4 NxKP Black cannot sit back and wait, for 1 7
B-KB4 1 5 P-Q5 N-R4 1 6 P-Q6! PxP 1 7 . . . B-K3 1 8 PxP would cost him a pawn.
BxN QxB 1 8 N-N3 B-K3 1 9 BxB PxB 2 0
18 B-Q2 NxB(N 6 ) !
RxP.
1 9 N-B 6 ! ?
13 B-B2 P-QB4
I f White were t o play 1 9 QxN, Black
1 1 8. Tal-Panno would have a strong continuation in 1 9
. . . B-B 3 ! 2 0 NxN PxN 2 1 QxPch K-Rl
22 QxBP BxQP with good counter-play.
19 NxR !
2 0 NxQ B-B4
This gains time for development and

saves the knight on QR8, which would be
lost by 20 . . . BxN? 2 1 P-QN 3 .
2 1 Q-KB 3 QRxN
22 RxB BxN
14 P-K 5 ! ?
23 BxP
At the first oppartunity Tai compli
cates the game, though not in a way that 1 1 9. Tal-Panno
is unfavourable to his opponent. How
ever, the quiet continuation 14 PxP PxP
15 Q-K2 does not offer much hope of
gaining an advantage and neither does 1 5
QxQ RxQ 1 6 P-QN4 N-N2.
14 • · . . PxKP!
The strongest reply. If instead 14 . . .

PxQP 15 BxQP, Black cannot continue
15 . . . N-B3 on account of 16 BxPch!
KxB 17 Q-B2ch. Also weaker than the
text-move is 14 . . . N(R4)-B5 15 PxQP 23 . . . RxP
QxP , to which Tai intended the reply 1 6
B-N5 ! BxB 1 7 NxB with a piece attack on After the game some commentators
the king's side. recommended 2 3 . . . PxP and expressed
the opinion that the passed queen pawn
1 5 NxP N(N 3 )-B5 would decide the game in Black's favour.
16 Q-Q3 However, White has in that case sufficient
attacking chances. Tai gives the continu
If 16 Q-R5 P-N 3 , the double sacrifice ation 24 P-QN 3 B-N 3 25 PxN P-Q6 26
on KN 3 only leads to a draw: 1 7 NxNP Q-N4! P-Q7 27 R-Q7 or 26 . . . RxB 27
BPxN 18 BxP PxB 1 9 QxNPch K-R l , and QxR P-Q7 2 8 RxPch! etc.
White cannot continue with 20 B-R6 on
account of 20 . . . R-KN l 2 1 Q-R5 Q-Kl . 24 Q-N4!
Interzonal 1958 169
The move 24 Q-KN 3 looks more text-move, 33 . . . K-N3 is no good on
natural, but as soon as Black plays B-N3 account of 3 4 P-B 3 B-Q4, 3 5 P-N4
there is no future for the queen on KN 3 . threatening 3 6 Q-B 5ch.
24 B-N3 33 K·N 5 !
2 5 Q-K6ch B-B2 3 4 K-R2
2 6 Q-B 5 !
Threatening 35 Q-B4ch K-R4 36 Q-N 5
A nice trap : 26 . . . B-N 3 ? 27 RxPch!
mate. The reply 34 . . . B-Q4 i s in
KxR 28 B-R6ch KxB 29 QxRch K-N4 3 0
adequate because of 35 P-B 3ch ! BxP 3 6
QxPch followed b y 3 1 QxR a n d White
Q-QB 8ch K-R4 3 7 Q-KB 5ch K-R3 3 8
wins thanks to his superiority on the
Q-N 5 mate. Panno, however, finds an
king's wing.
excellent defence.
26 N-B7?
34 . . . B-B4!
There was plenty of time for this If White now continues 35 P-B 3ch, it
tnove. Black should have continued 26 is Black who gets winning chances : 3 5 . . .
. . . R-Q8ch 27 K-R2• N-Q7 28 BxN RxB KxBP 3 6 QxBch K-K6!
and if White tries 29 QxBP, then 2 9 . . .
RxNP. This continuation would have 35 Q-B6 P·R3
given Black winning chances despite the 36 Q-K 5 R-K5
active position of White's two pieces. 37 Q-N7ch K·B6
38 Q-B 3 ch N-K6
27 P-QN 3 B-N 3
This is possible because the rook on This is not bad, but there 1s an
Q5 is protected by the knight on QB 7. immediate draw by 38 . . . KxBP 39
Black could also have tried 27 . . . QxNch K-B6.
R-Q8ch 28 K-R2 N-Q7, for White must 39 K-Nl ! B-N5
avoid 29 QxN ? N-B8ch 3 0 K-Nl N-K6dis 40 PxN P-KR4
ch. However, 29 BxN RxB 30 QxP would
leave White with the better chances in The active pos1t10n of Black's pieces
spite of the material disadvantage because should ensure a draw. Up to this point
Black's pieces lack co-ordination. Panno had defended with great ingenuity.
Unfortunately for him his last move
28 RxPch KxR before the adjournment was a blunder.
29 B-R6ch KxB
30 QxRch K-N4 41 Q-Kl
31 PxN PxP!
1 20. Tal-Panno
It is imperative that the Black rook
should remain active so that White does
not have enough time to prepare a mating
attack. The text-move has the added
advantage that it leaves Black with an
advanced passed pawn, which guarantees
adequate counter-play.
32 P-N3 B-K 5 !
3 3 P-KR4ch !
Black would have an easier time with

3 3 P-B4ch K-N3 34 P-N4 P-R 3 . After the 41 . . . RxP?
After putting up a stubborn fight for he could not add to his score . The game
five hours, Black trips up shortly before between Gligoric and Fischer ended in a
the adjournment and throws away a draw, which is what Tai had been relying
well-earned draw. His most important on, for he played very solidly against
pawn is that on QR 3 , which he should Sherwin ; in fact a draw was agreed before
have covered with his rook by 41 . . . the first time control. Benko drew with
R-K 3 ! The position is then an interesting Nejkirch and so qualified for the Candi
example of a positional draw, where dates' Tournament. Olafsson was the only
White cannot win even if he captures the one of those on 1 1 points to qualify ; he
two bishop pawns. defeated the Columbian player de Greiff
in an ending that looked very drawn. I
42 Q·KB l ch K·KS
failed to beat Sanguinetti in a game in
43 QxPch K·B 6
which I had White, and Szabo did not
44 Q-KB l ch K-KS
succeed in winning against Panno.
4S QxP K-QS
Going into the last round, Bronstein,
Tai says that in his adjournmei:t analy who had 1 1 � points, seemed to be fairly
sis he devoted most of his time to the certain of qualifying even though he had
continuation 4S . . . RxPch 46 K·B2 Black. First of all he was pitted against
R·Q6 and found the following win : 47 the weakest participant in the tourna
Q-B4ch R-QS 48 Q-B 2ch K-Q4 49 P-R4 ment, the F ilipino Cardoso. Secondly it
K·B 3 SO Q-N6ch K-N2 Sl Q-K8 R-NS S 2 was highly likely that a draw wou ld be
K-K 3 . I n the actual game his task was sufficient, which meant that he would be
somewhat easier, for White's passed pawn able to play very solidly. In the event,
is quicker than Black's. however, a surprise was in store for him ;
his opponent played as if it were he who
46 Q·Q6ch K·B S
was trying to qualify.
47 P·R4 R·KSch
48 K·B2 R-K7ch
49 K·Bl R-QR7 Pirc Defence
so Q-QR6ch K·QS
Sl P-RS P·BS Cardoso Bronstein
S2 Q-QN6ch K-Q4 1 P-K4 P·Q3
S3 P·R6 R-RSch
2 P-Q4 P·KN3
S4 K·B2 P-B6 3 B·QB4 B-N2
SS P·R7 P·B7
4 N·K2
S6 Q-N 3ch K·Q3
S7 Q·Q3ch Resigns An original development of the knight
instead of the usual 4 N-KB 3 . Cardoso
If S 7 . . . K-B4 or K-K4, then S B combines the move B·QB4 with the
Q-QB kh. I f S 7 . . . K-K2 then S B QxP set-up in the Samisch variation of the
RxP S 9 Q-R7ch. And if S 7 . . . K-K3 then King's Indian.
SB QxP RxP S9 Q·K4ch.
4 N-KB 3
Prior to the last round the leading S QN-83 QN·Q2
scores were Tai 1 3 , Gligoric and Petrosian More accurate is S . . . P-B 3 , threat
1 2�, Benko 1 2, Bronstein and Fischer
ening P-Q4. If White then plays 6 B·N 3
1 1 �. Averbach, Olafsson, Pachman and
Black can reply 6 . . P·QN4.
.
Szabo 1 1 . The struggle for the vital top

six places was thus extremely interesting. 6 P-83 P·B 3
Petrosian had a bye in the last round, so 7 P-QR4 P-QR4
Interz onal 1958 171
The line 7 . . . P-Q4 8 PxP N-N3 9 1 S N·N3 Px:NP
B-N 3 QNxP deserves consideration. 1 6 BPxP P·Q4
17 P.R S !
8 B-N 3 0-0
9 B·K3 P·K3 Not 1 7 P-KS BPxP 1 8 B(K3)xP N-R2 ,
It is obvious that Bronstein wants to which loses a pawn.
keep the position strategically fluid. But
17 P·BS
here he allows his opponent too free a
hand. A stronger continuation is the 1 8 B·R2 P·B 6 ! ?
immediate 9 . . . R-Nl followed by 10 . . .
An attempt to put some activity into
P-QN4.
his position by means of a pawn sacrifice.
10 Q·Q2 R·Nl Otherwise White obtains a very strong
1 1 N·Ql ! attack on the square KN6 by P-KS
followed by P-B 3 and B-N l .
Nipping his opponent's queen-side
counter-action in the bud, for 1 1 . . . 1 9 NPxP
P-QN4? loses a pawn, e.g. 1 2 PxP PxP 1 3
QxP or 1 2 . . . RxP 1 3 B-R4 R-NS 1 4 BxP Better than 19 QxP QPxP followed by
20 . . . N-Q4
11 P-N3
1 2 N·B2 QB·R3 19 Q·B 2
1 3 P·N4! P-B4 2 0 P-KS N·R2
14 P·R4 21 N·Q3 ?
Cardoso was in nineteenth place in the This move, which threatens 22 PxP
tournament and had no hope of improv PxP 23 N-B4, looks good . However,
ing his position. The daring way in which White thereby misses the chance of
he conducts the struggle with the re gaining a clear advantage. The modest 2 1
nowned grandmaster therefore deserves N-Ql would have answered Black 's threat
our admiration . of 21 . . . NxP 22 PxN BxP (attacking
both the knight on KN3 and the QBP)
14 . . . P·R4 and at the same time have prepared the
This does not stop the opening of lines way for an attack on the KR file.
on the king's side . Black has two better
21 P·KN4!
alternatives : 1 4 Q-K2 followed by
22 P.R6 B·Rl
KR-B l and 1 4 . . . BxN followed by
23 N·RS
P-R4.
1 2 1 . Cardoso-Bronstein Only now does Cardoso realiz:e that 2 3

BxNP i s answered b y 2 3 . . . P-B 3 , for the
KP is pinned.
23 . . . QR·Bl
The position has now changed com

pletely. White's pawn on QB 3 cannot be
protected, and as soon as it falls the QRP
and the other QBP will become weak.
White is still unable to capture on KNS ,
e.g. 24 BxNP QxBP 25 QxQ RxQ 26
B-Q2 RxP, etc.
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24 R-QBl QxBP BxN(Q6) 30 BxB, with the threat of 3 1
25 QxQ RxQ B-N 5 , would have saved the game, but 2 9
26 B-Q2 ? . . . PxP! 3 0 NxP(K6) R-B 3 would not
have been too bad.
This should have cost White the game.
The correct line is 26 K-Q2 KR-Bl 2 7 30 N-82!
N-B 2.
Now Black's position i s very bad. The
26 R-R6 threat of 3 1 BxNch forces him to give up
27 B-Nl the exchange
1 2 2 . Cardoso-Bronstein
30 RxB
31 RxR PxP?
This eases White's task considerably.

However, even after 3 1 . . . BxN 32 PxB
KxP 33 PxPch RxP, which gives him two
pawns for the exchange, Black still has
very much the worse of it, for his
opponent can attack along the KR file
after 3 4 B-K3 and 3 5 K-Q2.
32 NxP R-81
At this stage Bronstein was very near 33 R-R3 PxP
to qualifying. He could have done so by 34 NxQP BxN
choosing the obvious continuation 27 . . . 35 PxB R-8 3
BxN 28 PxB RxRP 29 R-B7 R-Ql . The 36 QR-N 3 !
difference between this variation and that
White's rooks enter the game i n an
in the game is that here White's bishop on
interesting way-via the third rank. The
QN l is out of play, whereas it becomes a
strong pawn on KR6 prevents Black from
strong attacking piece in the actual game.
making use of his only assets-the united
27 RxRP? passed pawns on the queen's wing.
28 P-8 3 P..8 3 ? 36 . . . K-82
Overlooking White's shrewd reply, 37 R(N3)-K3 N(Q2)-B3
which causes some difficulty. The correct Black is at a loss for a good move, for
move is 28 . . . R-B5 followed by R-B 2 , 37 . . . P-R5 fails to 3 8 B-N4.
which would, however, have led to
nothing more than equality, for White 38 R-K5 R-K3
can resort to the manoeuvre N-B2-R 3 . 39 RxR KxR
40 R-QN 3 N-Q.2
2 9 N-N 7 ! R-R8? 41 N-R3 K-8 3
42 NxP
Few positions can absorb three con
secutive mistakes. Of course, neither 29 This was the sealed move. Black now
. . . BxN(N2 ) ? 30 PxB KxP 31 N-N 2 , with resigned, for if he captures twice on KN4
a typical double attack, nor 29 . . . he has no way of stopping the KRP.
Zurich 1 9 59
Victory in the Balance
The first strong tournament in Switzer K-N l 58 P-R4 followed by K-R6 and
land for a considerable time took place in P-R 5 , winning without difficulty in a few
May and June 1 9 5 9. Several of the moves. Unfortunately for him the Swiss
world's leading players were present, master succumbed to the temptation of
among them Tai (who a year later became advancing his passed pawns and allowed
world champion by beating Botvinnik), his opponent to draw the game.
Fischer, Keres, Larsen, Unzicker, Barcza,
54 P-R4? K-B2
Olafsson and Donner-all well-known
55 P-N4 K-N l
international grandmasters. As early as
56 P-R5 K-R2
the first round there were signs that an
57 K-B4 B-N6
exceptionally dramatic struggle was on
58 K-N3 B-K8
the cards. The two main favourites were
59 K-R4 B- Q7
drawn against players from the host
60 B-R5 B-K8
country, Switzerland, but the games were
61 P-N5 B-B7!
very far from being the walk-overs
62 B-K2 B-K6
expected.
63 K-N 3 B-Q7
1 2 3. Walther-Fischer 64 P-N6ch K-N2
65 K-R4 K-B 3 !
66 B-N 5 ch K-B4
67 B-K8 B-K8
Drawn
The first round ended even worse for

Tai.
1 24. Tal-Bhend
Position after Black 's 5 3rd move
Black's chances of drawing rest in sacri

ficing his bishop for the two passed
pawns, after which White cannot win, for
his bishop is of a different colour from
the queening square KR8 . In order to
carry out this p lan, B lack needs to get his
king to QR2 and post his bishop on the
diagonal QR2-KN8. White, however, can
Position after Black's 21st move
foil Black's attempts to achieve this set
up by 54 P-N4! K-B2 5 5 K-R5 K-Nl 5 6 With the logical continuation 22 N -B 4
P-N5 and i f 5 6 . . K-R2 then 5 7 P-N6ch
. White could have got rid of his oppo-
Zurich 1 959 1 75
nent's main asset-the bishop pair-and, 36 K-R2 Q-K84
after 22 . . . BxB 2 3 RxB , secured a slight 37 R-K8 QxQch
but distinct advantage. Tai instead 38 PxQ K-N2
allowed himself to be guided by his 39 8-84 R-81
well-known temperament and sacrificed a 40 R-K7ch K-8 3
piece. 41 RxP 8x8
42 Px8 K-84
22 8xP( ? ) 8xN!
43 R-K7 R-QRl
Black cannot take the bishop because 44 R-K2 R-R6
22 . . . PxB 2 3 N-K7 followed by 24 45 K-R3 P-R4
Q-R4ch would be decisive. But, strangely Resigns
enough, the text-move saves him, for 2 3
Q-R 5 ? is answered b y 2 3 . . . B-N l , and This unpleasant and unnecessary
after 2 3 PxB Black can safely play 2 3 . . . defeat by no means upset Tai, who
PxB. proceeded to win his next four games in a
row. He gave clear evidence of his desire
23 R-K7 Q-Ql
to fight when, in the second round, he
24 R(81 )-Kl·
went in for an unclear piece sacrifice
After the game Tai said that he had against the S wiss master Kupper. He
originally intended to play 24 BxP but defeated Larsen in the third round in an
had then noticed that Black could beat interesting game and then Unzicker in the
off the attack with 24 . . . B-B 3 ! 25 Q-R6 next, this time with Black. His victim in
QxR 26 B-K4dis ch K-Nl 27 BxBch the fifth round was Nievergelt. At the end
R-B2, etc. of the fifth and sixth rounds he shared
the lead with Fischer but then went
24 8-8 2 !
ahead . After the twelfth round the posi
Tai could now have saved half a point tion was Tai 1 0 , Fischer 9, Gligoric 8 'h,
by 25 B-R5 ! leaving B lack with nothing Keres 8, etc. Tai had White against
better than a draw by repetition : 25 . . . Gligoric in the next round and he
B-Q5 ! 26 Q-R6 B-N2 2 7 Q-N5 , etc., for obviously wanted to increase his lead . But
the line 2 5 . . . R-N2? 26 BxB ! RxB ( 2 6 he played the game somewhat nervously
. . . RxR 2 7 QxR) 27 RxR(B7) QxQ 2 8 and in the decisive phase too violently .
R-K8ch wins for White.
1 2 5 . Tal-Gligoric
25 8-82? R-N 2 !
Black now simplifies the game and

leaves White with insufficient attacking
chances.
26 P-KR4 RxR
27 RxR P-KR3
28 Q-85 B-N l
29 Q-K4 P-Q4
30 PxP QxP
31 Q-N6 Q-Q5
32 Q-N 3 R-82
33 R-K4 Q-N 7 Tai has given his opponent the bishop
34 8-Q3 8-Q5 pair and has allowed his king-side pawns
35 R-K2 Q-88ch to be weakened-all for the sake of some
nebulous attacking chances. Now h e tries Swiss player Keller in the next round and
to renew his attack, but in so doing he had , moreover, the White pieces, whereas
compromises his position even further. his rival Tai had Black against Donner. In
the final round they were due to p lay
21 P-KR4 Q-Q2 each other. The penultimate round, how
22 N-K3 ever, upset things considerably. First, Tai
The advance 22 P-R5 would have been obtained a decisive advantage by means
more consistent. of an interesting positional manoeuvre in
a position typical of the Hromadka
22 8-82 System.
2 3 K-82 P-83
1 26. Donner-Tai
24 P-R 5 ! ? 8xRP!
25 R-Rl Q-K8 2 !
When making his 24th move Tai had

probably failed to see this simple defence.
A weak continuation, on the other hand,
would be 25 . . . B-B 2 26 RxPch KxR 27
R-KRlch K-Nl 28 N-N4 B-K2 29 Q-R4
K-B l 30 B-R6! B-Nl 3 1 BxPch KxB 32
R-KNl K-B2 ( 3 2 . . . K-Bl 3 3 Q-R6ch
K-B 2 33 N-K5ch) 33 N-R6ch K-K3 34
R-Klch K-Q3 35 Q-B4ch K-Q4 36
Q-K4ch K-Q3 37 Q-B4ch, perpetual
check. 19 Q-N 3
20 QR-Nl Q-N5
26 Q-R3 8-N3
21 Q-81 P-85 !
27 Q-N4 K-N l
22 R-K2 P-QN4
28 Q-Nl Q-K 3
PxP PxP
23
2 9 Q-Ql 8-Q3
24 K-Rl 8xN!
30 N-N2 R(81 )-Ql
25 Px8 QxP
31 8x8 Qx8
26 RxP Q-Q6
32 N-84 8-82
27 Q-Kl P-86
33 Q-Q2 R-K2
28 R-Nl N-84
34 QR-KNl R(Ql )-Kl
White resigned at this stage in view of
35 Q-Q3 P-N 3
the continuation 29 Q-Ql RxP 30 QxQ
36 Q-8 5 K-81
NxQ 3 1 RxR P-B7 , etc.
37 Q-N4 P-N4
38 N-Q 3 R-K7ch Bobby Fischer is at the moment con
3 9 K-8 1 8-N 3 sidered to be the number one expert on
40 N-82 Q-K2 the Ruy Lopez, and this opening has won
41 Q-N 3 P�KR4 him many valuable points. In the decisive
42 K-N2 P-R5 game in Ziirich, however, his luck with it
Resigns did not hold.
Ruy Lopez
In the same round Fischer, playing
Black , drew level with Tai by beating
Fischer Keller
Donner. It was generally agreed that he
thus had excellent chances of winning the 1 P-K4 P-K4
tournament, for he was drawn against the 2 N-KB 3 N-Q8 3
Zurich 1959 1 77
3 8-N5 P-QR 3 12 7. Fischer-Keller
4 8-R4 N-8 3
5 0-0 8-K2
6 R-Kl P-QN4
7 8·N 3 P-Q3
8 P-8 3 0-0
9 P-KR 3 N-Q2
10 P-Q4 N-N3
For some time this was considered

better than 10 . . . B-B3 1 1 P-QR4, but in
the sixth game of the Spasski-Geller
match, 1965, White obtained a clear Position after Black's 1 9th move
advantage by means of 1 1 QN-Q2 B-B3
that would understandably not have satis
1 2 N-B l R-Kl 13 N(Bl )-R2! PxP 14 PxP
fied the American grandmaster. With his
N-R4 1 5 B-B2 P-B4 1 6 N-N4 BxN 1 7 PxB
next move Fischer prepares the advance
PxP 18 P-N5 B:K2 1 9 P-K5 ! etc .
of his KRP, but, as things turn out, the
1 1 PxP whole manoeuvre merely weakens his
own position.
Fischer had chosen this quiet continu
ation a year previously in his game against 20 P-KN 3 Q-K3
Tai in the 1 95 8 Interzonal. After 1 1 . . . 21 P-R4
NxP 1 2 NxN PxN 1 3 Q-R5 Q-Q3 1 4
N-Q2 B-K3 1 5 N-B 3 BxB 1 6 PxB N-Q2 It would have been better to change
1 7 P-QN4 KR-Ql the game was equal. It his plan and play instead 2 1 P-KN4 to
is not easy to explain why Fischer should prevent his opponent from advancing his
have adopted this quiet line in the present KBP. However, even in this case Black
decisive game. Perhaps he simply under would have had a good game after 2 1 . . .
estimated his opponent. KR-Ql .
11 NxP 21 P-K84!
1 2 NxN PxN 22 P-R5 P-85
1 3 Q-R5 8-8 3 23 N-81 NPxP
24 QxRP R-8 3 !
This continuation is adequate. The
25 N·R2 ? R·N3
queen now has access to K2, and after the
26 N-8 3
exchange of the white-squared bishops
(following B-K3 by Black) White will White will get no compensation for the
have no real attacking chances. pawn, but as a result of the mistake on
his previous move he had no satisfactory
14 N-Q2 Q-K2
continuation. If instead 26 K-N2, Black
15 N-81 8-K3
could reply 26 . . . R-KB l with the strong
16 N-K3 P-N 3
threat of R-R 3 , and if 26 P-KN4, there
17 Q-8 3 8x8
follows 26 . . . N-Q2 27 P-B 3 N-B 3
18 Px8 8-N2
followed by P-KR4 and Black again wins
19 P-QN4 P-Q8 3
a pawn.
The game is now completely equal, for
White has no way of exploiting his 26 PxP
opponent's only weakness, the QRP. The 27 PxP RxPch
logical result would have been a draw, but 28 K-R2 Q-N 5 !
Forcing an exchange of queens, so that 38 R-KN2 K-Rl
the game, notwithstanding certain tech- 39 N-N 5 R-K81 ch
nical difficulties, is already decided. 40 K-Kl N-Q.5
41 8xN Px8
29 QxQ RxQ 42 N-K6 R-Kl
30 R-KNl RxR 43 P-87 8-K4
31 Kx R N-R5 44 K-Q2 R-Q81
32 K-8 1 P-84 45 R-N5 8xP
33 P-N 3 ! ? 46 RxP 8-Q.3
47 K-Q.3 R-Rl
I f 3 3 P-84, Black has a strong reply in
48 R-N6 8-N6
3 3 . . . R KB l !
-
49 R-N7 P-R5
50 N-N5 P-R6
33 NxP
51 RxPch K-Nl
3 4 PxP NxP
5 2 R-Rl P-R7
35 P-86
53 R-QRl 8-K4
or 3 5 P-N4 NxP! 36 PxN P-K5 54 N-K6 R-R6ch
55 K-K4 8-8 3
35 N-84 56 K-85 K-8 2
36 8-K3 NxP 57 N-N5ch 8xN
37 R-R2 P-QR4 Resigns
Zi.irich 1 9 59
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 Pts Prize
1 Tai 0 'l:z 'l:z 'h 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 l l 'h I
2 Gligoric 1 0 'l:z 0 1 'l:z 1 'l:z 1 'l:z 1 1 1 11 II
3 Fischer 'l:z 0 'l:z 'l:z 1 1 1 1 0 'l:z 1 'h 1 l O 'l:z III, IV
4 Keres 'l:z 1 0 'l:z 'l:z 'h 1 'l:z 1 1 'h 1 'l:z lO'l:z I I I , IV
5 Larsen 0 0 'l:z 'h 'l:z 0 1 'l:z 'l:z 1 1 1 1 9 '1:z V , VI
6 Unzicker 0 'l:z 0 0 'l:z -
'l:z 'l:z 1 1 'h 1 1 9 '1:z V, VI
7 Barcza 'l:z 1 'h 'l:z 1 'l:z 0 0 0 'l:z 1 0 8'1:z VII
8 Olafsson 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 1 0 1 Yz 1 Yz 1 8 VIII
9 Kupper 0 y, 0 0 'l:z 0 1 1 'h 0 'l:z 1 'h 'h 7
10 Bhend 1 0 0 'l:z 'l:z 0 1 0 'l:z -
1 0 0 Yz Yz 6 '1:z
1 1 Donner 0 Yz 0 0 0 0 Yz 'h 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 6Yz
1 2 Keller 0 0 1 0 0 'l:z 0 0 'l:z 0 1 1 0 6
1 3 Walther 0 'l:z 'h 0 0 0 0 'l:z 0 0 0 1 'l:z 1 5
14 Di.ickstein 0 0 0 'l:z 0 0 1 0 'h 0 0 0 1 1 5
1 5 Blau 0 0 'h 0 0 0 0 0 'l:z 'l:z 0 0 'h 0 'l:z 2 1h
16 Nievergelt 0 0 0 'l:z 0 0 0 0 0 'l:z 0 1 0 0 'h 2'/:z
1 9 59
First Place Saved
The 1 95 9 Candidates' Tournament was a 3 P-Q4 PxP

four-leg marathon over twenty-eight 4 NxP N-KB 3
rounds, played alternately in three 5 N-QB 3 P-QR 3
Yugoslav towns-Veldes, Agram and Bel
grade. After it FIDE discussed the possi Tai really only needed two draws from
bility of changing the system, one of the the last two rounds, for it was unlikely
reasons being that it was too exhausting. that Keres would win against both
The whole 1 9 5 9 tournament revolved Gligoric and O lafsson. Many players in
around a duel between Tai and Keres. At Tal' s position would have proceeded
the half-way stage, Keres was in the lead cautiously and aimed at attaining a safe
by half a point, but he lost in the position in the opening. For two reasons
fifteenth round to Fischer as a result of a Tai adopted different tactics. First a quiet
blunder, whereupon Tai drew level. In the game does not suit his style, and second
course of the next six rounds the latter he apparently wanted to be instrumental
partly helped by luck, built up a lead o f in deciding the outcome of the tourna
1 Y.z points. This was due in great measure ment. He therefore chose one of the
to the seventeenth round, which brought sharpest systems of the Sicilian Defence.
him up against Keres. The latter had His daring was crowned with success, but
White and achieved a distinct positional only after some nerve-racking moments.
advantage in the opening, but he later 6 B-QB4 P-K3
faltered and lost it, and shortly before the 7 B-N 3 P-QN4
end of the game he missed an oppor
tunity of at least saving half a point. A safer continuation is 7 . . . B-K2 8
The penultimate round was un P -B 4 0-0.
expectedly dramatic. Tal's lead had been
8 P-B4 P·N S ! ?
reduced to one point and he was faced by
The risk that Black takes by accepting
a tough opponent, Fischer. The American
the pawn sacrifice would be too great
grandmaster had lost in their previous
even in normal circumstances, let alone in
three encounters, and it was safe to
assume that he was bent on exacting his a game with so much at stake as the
revenge. Although he had no chance of present one. Instead he could have had a
winning the tournament, he intended to good game by 8 . . . B-N2 9 P-KS PxP 1 0
use the advantage of having White to play PxP N-K5 ! (better than 1 0 . . . N-Q4 1 1
for a win at all costs. Victory for him Q-N4! ) .
would have meant that Keres would be 9 N-R4 NxP! ?
able to draw level with Tai before the last 10 0-0 P-KN 3
round.
Black tries to hinder the advance 1 1
Sicilian Defence
P-B 5, but as things turn out he merely
Fischer Tai makes it more effective. A better reply is
1 P-K4 P-QB4 10 . . . N-KB 3, inviting an extremely
2 N-KB 3 P-Q 3 sharp continuation which Tai himself had
already tried out, viz. 11 P-B5 P-K4 12 Q-B 3 1 8 N-Q5 R-K4 19 N-B4, for once
N-K6 ! ? the position has been consolidated White
has a lasting advantage. This, however,
1 1 P-B 5 ! NPxP
was not enough for Fischer's tempera
1 2 NxBP
ment, especially when we remember that
1 2 8 . Fischer-Tai he was thirsting for revenge. He therefore
opted for an interesting piece sacrifice.
17 B-B 4 ! ? Q-B 3
1 8 Q-B 3 QxN !
The endgame after 1 8 . . . QxQ 1 9

RxQ R-K7 20 R-B2 would be a sad affair
for Black.
19 BxP Q-B 3
It i s only this very shrewd counter

which prevents Black's position from
Within the first twelve moves Tai has
collapsing.
got himself into a difficult situation. Now
the knight cannot be taken because of 1 2 20 BxN Q-QN 3ch
. . . PxN 1 3 Q-Q5 R-R2 1 4 Q-Q4! winning 2 1 K-Rl QxB
the exchange.
1 29 . F ischer-Tal
12 . .
. R Nl
-
1 3 B-Q5
White could also have obtained a

dangerous attack for the pawn (e.g. 1 3
Q-R5 N-KB 3 1 4 Q-B 3 R-R2 1 5 N-N 3
followed by 16 B-K 3 ) , but he chooses
instead the simplest way . He recovers his
pawn by force and remains with a
positional advantage.
13 R-R2
14 BxN PxN Fischer is apparently a little confused
1 5 BxP as a result of his opponent's manoeuvre
Both 15 B-Q5 and 15 B-B 3 are good and fails to find the right path. After the
alternatives, for Black's pawn on KB4 is fairly obvious 22 QR-Kl ! White retains a
worth very little. Fischer, however, m certain advantage. His opponent can reply
tends an attack along the KB file. with neither 22 KR-N Z ? ? 2 3
Q-Q.B6ch, which leads to a quick mate,
15 . . . R-K2 nor 22 . . . RxR ? 2 3 QxPch K-Ql 24
16 BxB QxB RxR. There remains only 22 . . . K-Ql 2 3
Black now has scattered pawns and, in RxR BxR 2 4 QxP (threatening both
addition, has lost the right to castle. QxRch and R-Ql ch) 24 . . . R-N 3 25 QxP
Fischer's only problem is finding a good Q-Q3 . Black is then in no immediate
place for his knight, for Black is threat danger, but White has three pawns for the
ening Q-0.B 3. Players of a quiet dis piece and good prospects of making
position would be satisfied with 1 7 N-N6 something of the somewhat exposed
position o f his opponent's king, e.g. 2 6 35 K-N2 K-B 3
Q-R8ch K-B2 2 7 Q-K8 or 26 . . . K-Q2 2 7 36 K-B3 K-K4
Q-R 3ch K-B2 28 Q-K 3. 37 K-K3 B-N4ch
38 K-K2 K-Q4
22 Q-QB6ch? R -Q2
39 K-Q3 B-B 3
23 QR-Klch B-K2
40 R-B2 B-K4
24 RxP KxR
41 R-K2 R-KB3
25 Q-K6ch K-B l
42 R -QB 2 R-B6ch
It is unbelievable that, in the course of 43 K-K2 R-B2
a few moves, Black has miraculously 44 K-Q3 B-Q5
overcome all his difficulties and attained 45 P-QR3
a won position. White achieves nothing
by 26 R-KB l ch K-N2 27 QxR Q-Q3 or There is no way of saving the game.
27 R-B7ch K-Rl 28 QxR R-Ql ! 29 Q-N4 Against other moves Black can play 45
Q-K 4. . . . R-B6ch followed by K-K5 .
26 QxQ!l Q-Q3 45 P-N6

27 Q-N7 R-N 3 46 R-B8 BxP
28 P-B 3 P-QR 4 47 R -Q8 ch K-B 3
29 Q-B8ch K-N2 48 R-QN 8 R -B 6 ch
30 Q-B4 B-Ql 49 K-B4 R-QB6ch
31 PxP PxP 50 K-N4 K-B 2
32 P-KN 3 Q-QB 3 ch 5 1 R-N5 B-R8
33 R-K4 QxQ 5 2 P-QR 4 P-N 7
34 RxQ R-QN 3 Resigns
Candidates' Tournament 1 9 5 9
2 4 5 6 7 8 Pts Prize
Tai 0 0 'h 'h 0 1 'h 1 1 1 1 1 20 I
1 0 Yz Yz Yz 1 1 1 1 1 Yz 'h
2 Keres 1 1 0 'h 1 Yz 'h 'h 0 1 1 1 1 1 8 1h II
0 1 Yz Yz Yz 0 1 1 0 1 l 0 1
3 Petrosian Yz Yz 1 Yz Yz Yz 0 Yz 1 1 1 0 'h 1 l S'h Ill
'h 'h Yz Yz 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 0 Yz 1 Yz
4 Srnyslov 1 0 0 Yz Yz Yz 0 'h Yz 'h 'h 1 'h 0 15 IV
Yz 0 Yz 1 1 Yz 1 0 1 0 'h 1 1 1
5 Gligoric 0 'h Yz 'h 1 'h 1 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 2 1h
0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 1 0 'h Yz
6 Fischer 0 0 1 0 0 0 Yz Yz 1 0 0 'h 1 1 2 'h
0 0 1 0 'h 'h 0 1 Yz 'h 'h Yz 1
7 Olafsson 0 0 0 0 0 1 'h 0 Yz Yz 0 0 0 10
0 Yz 0 1 1 'h Yz 0 0 1 'h 0 'h 1
8 Benko 0 0 0 0 'h 0 Yz 1 Yz 0 'h 0 1 8
0 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 0 Yz Yz Yz 0 Yz 0
Candidates' Touurnament
1 96 2
The Tragedy o f Paul Keres
There are few examp les in the history of At the half-way stage of the tourna
chess of a player producing top-class ment, Geller and Petrosian had 9 points,
performances over such a lengthy period Keres B'li and Korchnoi 8. Later Petrosian
as Paul Keres has done. He was a world went into the lead, thanks to a factor that
championship candidate in 1 9 38 , but his distinguished him from all the other
match with Alekhin never too k place. At players in this extremely difficult chess
the world championship in 1 948, after marathon : he did not lose a single game.
several years of below-average chess He advanced steadily by half a point or a
activity, he was not in particularly good full point, whereas his rivals suffered
form and shared third and fourth places. several severe defeats . In the 24th round,
In the Cand idates' Tournament of 1 9 5 0 however, he was caught up by one of
h e was "only" fourth, but i n 1 9 5 3 , 1 9 5 6 those at his heels. Unlike the previous
and 1 95 9 only one place separated him tournaments, it looked as if fortune were
from the right to contest the highest title dealing kindly with Keres this time, for
of all. He was second three times because he won a drawn ending against Fischer
Smyslov, on two occasions, and Tai, on after prolonged tacking manoeuvres.
one, played in their very best form. In In the next two rounds both Petrosian
1 9 5 9 Keres had the magnificent score of and Keres had draws, the second against
1 5 ( ! ) victories, six defeats and seven each other. Going into the final two
draws, i.e. 1 8 Y, points from 28 games, rounds they not only had the same score
and still did not manage to win. but also opponents of similar strength:
Three years later Keres again tried his Petrosian was to play Fischer and Filip,
luck in a candidates' tournament, the first while Keres had Benko and Fischer.
to be played outside Europe. It was held Petrosian was obviously determined
in the exotic atmosphere of the island of not to risk anything and to rely on the
Curar,:ao in the Dutch Antilles. nervous atmosphere of the last round to
As early as the first round there were see him through. He offered F ischer a
signs that the two favourites-Tai, victor draw in the opening, and obtained it on
over Botvinnik in 1960, and Fischer , who the 3 5th move.
two months previously had had a scintil Keres had Black against Benko. In
lating victory in the lnterzonal-were their previous games in the tournament
going to make heavy going of things. Tai Keres had won all three games. It was
lost in the first round to Petrosian, in the now a question of continuing the good
second, with White, to Keres, and in the work or at least not losing. Benko, his
third to Benko. Three quarters of the way opponent, had not the slightest chance of
through the tournament his kidney winning the tournament, so there was
trouble got worse and he had to give up. nothing at stake for him. But just that
Fischer suffered an unexpected and de very fact was dangerous for Keres, who
pressing defeat in the first round against had unpleasant memories of a similar
Benko and lost the following day to Geller. situation, when he played Filip in the
After that he never got among the leaders. penultimate round of the tournament in
1 9 5 6 . On that occasion he had had White, weakens the queen's side, which will have
and a victory would have given him a its effect later.
good chance of winning the tournament .
As it was, he had lost-likewise against an 1 2 QN·R4! B·K2
opponent for whom there was nothing at Otherwise White plays 1 3 P-BS with
stake-and so was out of the running. the threat of P-R 3 .
Barcza S y stem 1 3 N-R4
The well-known saying "A knight at

Benko Keres
the edge of the board brings bad luck "
1 N·KB 3 P·Q4 does not apply here. White has already
2 P·KN3 B·N5 obtained the initiative and does not need
3 B·N2 N·Q2 to worry about his pawns; e.g. 1 3 . . . BxP
4 O·O P·QB 3 14 KR-Kl B-R4 l S KN-BS B-Bl 16 P·B4,
5 P·Q3 P·K4 etc.
Such a natural move cannot be bad, 1 3 0. B enko-Keres

and yet the more modest S . . . P·K3 is
usually preferred.
6 P·KR3 B· R4
Also playable is 6 . . . BxN 7 BxB

KN-8 3 or 7 . . . B·Q3 .
7 P.84 PxP
8 PxP KN-8 3
9 B·K3 Q-82
The psychological pressure of such a

13 0-0
decisive game is beginning to make itself
14 P·N4
felt. Simplification by 9 . . . BxN 10 BxB
B-B4 would lead to immediate equality White would certainly prefer to ex
and a probable draw. However, Keres had change off his opponent's other bishop
already beaten his opponent three times, but, after 14 KN- B S , Black can reply 1 4
and a victory here would have given him . . . B-Ql , and the attack o n his KP will
the chance of going into the lead in the prevent White from occupying Q6 (1 S
tournament. KR-Kl B-N3 ) .
10 N-8 3 B·QN 5
14 B-N3
Also possible is 10 . . . B-B4 1 1 BxB 1 5 NxB RPxN
NxB 1 2 P-QN4 BxN 1 3 BxB N-K3 or 1 2 16 KR-Ql R·Nl
P-KN4 B-N 3 1 3 P-QN4 QN-KS .
Without the weakness engendered by
1 1 Q·N 3 P-R4
the move P·QR4 Black would naturally
For the third time Black has a chance have no trouble in obtaining a draw. As it
to play B-B4 ; e.g. 1 1 . . . B-B4 12 BxB is, he cannot easily consolidate his posi
NxB 1 3 Q-R 3 BxN 14 BxB Q-K2 with tion on the queen-side. True, he has the
complete equality. The text-move threat of P-QN 3 or P-QN4, but White can
threatens N-B4 but at the same time easily sto p both. A better move, there·
fore, than the one made was the im 2 5 Q·K 3 R-Kl
mediate N-R2 .
Not 25 . . . N-K3 26 N·N 6 ! NxN 2 7
1 7 P-8 5 ! N-R2 PxN RxR 28 RxR Q·Nl 29 R-Q7, etc.
The idea of exchanging off the p assive 26 P-N 3

bishop on K2 is strategically good ; but it White must now give up his plan to
fails for tactical reasons. However, the win the weak QRP and instead play a
threat of 1 8 Q-B 3 was very unpleasant. positional game. The possibility of
advancing with his pawns on the queen's
1 8 N-N6 ! QR- Ql
side combined with control of the square
If 1 8 . . . NxP, White wins the ex Q6 will enable him to maintain his clear
change by 1 9 BxN BxB 20 N-Q7. advantage. It is unfortunate for Keres
that his opponent feels wonderfully at
19 Q-83 B N 4! ?
-
home in positions such as this, where
Keres is aware of the critical state of there are no tactical surprises.
his position and attempts to complicate 26 QR·Nl
matters. On 19 . . . N(Q2)�B 3 , White 27 P-R3 R Rl
-
would not take at once (20 QxRP N-Q4 ! 28 P·N4 PxP

with counter-play) but would continue to 29 PxP R ·R 5
improve the position of his pieces; e.g. 20 30 Q·QB 3 R·R3
QR-B l . 31 R·Q6 N-8 3 ! ?
2 0 N-84? Played for the same reason as his
fifteenth move. Here Keres sacrifices a
It is not quite clear why Benko rej ects
pawn to obtain at least a small amount of
20 BxB NxB 21 QxRP N-K3 22 P-N4.
counter-play. Benko, who is already in
The queen would, of course, be out of
time-trouble, decides to avoid the compli
play, but a pawn is a pawn after all.
cations arising from 3 2 NxP Q-K2 ( 3 2 . . .
20 BxB R-R7 3 3 Q-B4 R-N7 34 R-Q7 ! ) 3 3 P-B4
21 QxB KR-Kl P-KN4 34 PxP QxN 35 QxQ RxQ 36 PxN
22 Q-R 3 R-Rl RxKP 37 PxP KxP or 34 P-K3 Px� 3 5
PxP N-K3 36 N-Q3 R-R7 3 7 R-Q2.
It would naturally be going a bit too Although White comes out on top with
far to say that Black's difficulties had correct play , it would have been easy to
entirely disappeared . However, his posi go wrong in time-trouble.
tion is certainly in better shape now than
a few moves previously. 32 N·N6 P·K5
33 P-K3 P-N4
2 3 R-Q2 KN-Bl 34 Q·Q2 Q·K2
24 QR-Ql R(K l)-Ql 35 R·Q8 R·R6
At last Black has a threat-N-K 3 36 RxR QxR
37 Q·N 2 R·R2
winning the QBP. A more natural con
38 N-84?
tinuation, however, is 24 . . . R-K2 and
then, if 25 N-N6, to refrain from cap J ust before the time-control neither
turing the kn ig ht and play 26 . . . R-R 3 , player is aware of the consequences that
after which he would have been out of could arise from the Black rook's in
danger. Keres was obviously afraid of 2 5 ability to return to the first rank. A very
P-N4. However, he could have replied to strong continuation is 38 R-Q4 N·K3 39
that with N-K 3 ! ( 26 NxRP N(Q2)xP ! ) . R-Q6 .
Candidates' Tournament 1962 185
38 Q-K3 4 3 Q·N l ! PxP?
39 B-Bl N-Q4 I t is now too late for the rook to
40 N-N6 NxN return to the back rank ; e.g. 4 3 . . . R·Rl
41 PxN 44 PxP QxB P 45 R-Q4 R-Kl 46 B-B4
N-Q2 47 B-QS QxP 48 BxBPch. Black
1 3 1 . Benko-Keres
could, however , have prolonged the game
a little by 43 . . . P-QB4 44 R·Q8 R-R4
45 Q·Ql QxQNP 46 Q-Q7 Q·K 3 47
QxNP.
44 R-Q8 !
With the terrible threat of 45 Q·N4. If
Black now plays 44 . . . R·R 5 , there
follows 45 QxNP and 46 Q·B5 or Q·N4.
44 P·B4
45 PxP Q-B2
46 BxP P..N 3
41 . . . R-RS?
47 R-B8 Resigns
Even after the time-contro l Keres 1 32 . Geller-Benko
endeavours i:o keep the rook in an active
position and thereby loses quickly on
account of the weakness of the back
rank. After the correct 41 . . . R·Rl 42
Q-Q4 Q-K2 43 Q-Q6 QxQ 44 RxQ R·K l ,
Black would have had a defensible, albeit
difficult, position.
42 P-N S R-R7?
Driving the queen to a better post,
Black 's only chance lay in 42 . . . R-Rl,
accepting the loss o f tempo this involves. Black to play
Candidates' Tournament 1962
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pts Prize
1 Petrosian 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 7 'h I
'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 'h 'h - 1 'h
2 Geller 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 17 II, Ill
'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 1 1 1 'h
3 Keres 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 'h 'h 1 17 II, Ill
'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 'h 1 0 1 - 1 'h
4 Fischer 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 1 0 1 'h l 'h 14 IV
'h 'h 'h 1 0 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h - 1 'h
5 Korchnoi 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 0 1 1 1 3 y,
0 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h - 1 1
6 Benko 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h 1 0 0 1 12
0 'h 'h 0 0 1 'h 0 'h 1 'h - 1 'h
7 Tai 0 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 0 0 1 0 1 0 7
'h - 0 0 'h - 'h 'h - 'h -
8 Filip 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h 0 0 1 0 0 7
0 'Ii 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h -
For reasons o f health Tai retired before the start of the last leg.
Keres w as thus half a point behind ment the player who plays best ends up
Petrosian, and both drew their last round in second place; the winner is the one
games. In the end Keres was caught up by with the most luck. Keres was second in
Geller, whose opponent exceeded the four consecutive candidates' tournaments
time-limit on the 5 4th move in the won and thereby had the best average perfor
position shown in diagram 1 3 2 . mance of all the top players in the world.
But he did not manage-or has not yet
Tartakower once came up with the managed-to win the right to a world
following original aphorism : I n a tourna- championship match.
39 Los Angeles 1 96 3
How to Win with Black
The idea of playing a tournament with a 1 3 3. Benko-Olafsson

small number of participants on a system
of two or more rounds is by no means
new. The famous A VRO Tournament in
Holland in 1 9 3 8, which was to determine
Alekhin's opponent in a world champion
ship match, was played on a double
round system with eight participants. A
tournament that \Vas organized in the
same way took place in Los Angeles in
1 96 3. The man behind this-or, rather,
his wife, who was extremely keen on
chess-was the fa mous cellist Piatigorsky, Position after White's 35th move
who provided the necessary funds. out another six moves from such a simple
It was a set-back for the organizers position.
that they failed to persuade Bobby
Fischer to take part, which meant that in 35 N-B4?
the first major international tournament 36 NxN KPxN
in America for years the home contingent 37 P-K4 K·K 3 ? ?
was not at full strength . However, none
Despite his previous inaccuracy, Black
of the competing eight grandmasters
could still have held the game by 37 . . .
could have been considered an outsider,
Q·KR l .
so there was an added interest to every
game. 38 PxPch PxP

At the end there was only a difference
39 Q·K 3 ch K·Q2
of three points between the two winners 40 Q-Q2ch K-K2
(Keres and Petrosian) and the last two 41 QxQch KxQ
(Benko and Panno). 42 K·K3 Resigns
After the tenth round Keres and
Olafsson shared the lead with 6Y.z points After 42 . . . K-K2 43 K-B 4 K-K3 44
in front of Petrosian ( 6) , Najdorf and P-N 3 the tempo that White has saved on
Gligoric (5 each). But the position the queen 's wing is decisive.
changed in the next round. Keres, playing In the next round Olafsson, playing
White, lost a second time to Reshevsky in White, drew with Petrosian, while Keres,
a long positional struggle, and the mis obviously suffering from depression
fortune that afflicted Olafsson was really following his defeat in the previous
i sensation. round, lost his third game of the tourna
Black is not threatened by anything, and men t, this time against Najdorf. In the
he could play 3 5 . . . K-Bl or Q-K2. It is thirteenth round Keres won a pawn
almost unbelievable that a grandmaster as against Olafsson in the opening and then
experienced as Olafsson should only last coasted safely to victory. In the mean-
time Petrosian had taken t h e lead by 21 Q-Q2 N-Q4
beating Panno. It is probable that the world champion
Prior to the last round the position had only just realized that 21 . . NxP is
.
was as follows : Petrosian 8, Keres 7 'h. , not good on account of 22 R-K3 B-B5 2 3
Najdorf and Olafsson 7 . T h e top two B-KB l , after which the knight cannot
players had B lack, Petrosian against escape.
Reshevsky and Keres against Gligoric .
The chances were that both games would 22 BxR QxB
be drawn, leaving the position unchanged, 23 R(Kl )-QBl N-Q5
for it is an extremely difficult job to win 24 N-QB5 Q-K2
a decisive game against a strong player 25 K-R2?
with Black. After this unnecessary loss of time,
Petrosian did in fact draw in the last Black can equalize by advancing his
round, though the game was not without passed pawn. White had two promising
its exciting moments. lines which would have given him good
prospects of making use of his material
1 3 4. Reshevsky-Petnisian advantage : 25 N-KB 3 to eliminate the
unpleasant Black knight, and 25 NxB
QxN 26 Q-R 2.
25 P-N 5 !
26 R-R6 N-QB6
27 NxB NxN
28 R(Bl)-Rl N-B2
29 R-B6 N(B2)-N4
30 R-Kl R-Ql
31 R-B4 N-R6
32 RxN PxR
Position after Black 's 1 7th move 33 QxBP Q-Q3
34 Q-R5 N-B7
In view of the endangered pawn on
Not 34 . . QxP? 35 R-K3
QN4, the most obvious line for White is
.
18 NxN BxN 19 B-K3 with equality. 35 R-QN l N-Q5

Reshevsky, however, managed _to find a
Now 35 . . . QxP is answered by 36
way of complicating the game to his
B-K4.
advantage.
36 R-N6 Drawn
18 N-K4! N(Q4)xP?
Keres won his last round game and so
This leads to great difficulties. The
managed to catch up with the world
move 18 . . . Q-K2 looks stronger.
champion. In a much-analysed opening he
1 9 B-R3 Q-R4 found an important theoretical innova
20 R-Rl ! Q-Ql tion-always a great help when victory is
so important.
Black now decides to give up the

exchange and to rely on his passed pawn Nimzo-lndian
to see him through. He would also have
suffered material loss after 20 . . . KR-Ql Gligoric Kere s
2 1 N-QB 5 ! , e.g. 2 1 . . . B-Q4 22 BxN QxB 1 P-Q4 N-KB 3
2 3 N-R6. 2 P-QB4 P-K3
Los Angeles 1963 189
3 N·QB3 B·NS Much stronger than 1 7 .. . PxP 18
4 P·K3 0-0 P-K4. I f White now replies 1 8 PxP there
5 B·Q3 P·Q4 follows 18 . . . Q-B4! , and the Black
6 N·B 3 P·B4 queen is ready to transfer to the king' s
7 O·O QPxP wmg.
8 BxBP QN·Q2
9 Q·Q3 18 P-86 BxP
1 9 N-Q4
Until this game the move 9 Q-Q3 was
considered to be the most active continu 1 35 . Gligoric-Keres
ation . Subsequently it was replaced by
the less ambitious 9 Q·K2
9 P-QR 3
1 0 P·QR4
This was the move previously recom

mended by theory . The continuation 1 0
P-QR 3 B-R4 11 PxP NxP 1 2 QxQ BxQ
leads to equality.
10 . . . Q-82!
19 N-N S!
As we shall see, the queen is well A typical attack on the king's wing,
placed here , quite unlike White's queen, where Black's pawn on KS guarantees
which will be in a rather vulnerable him an advantage in space . Now 20 NxB
position after Black's next move-a fact
fails to 20 . . . QxPch 2 1 K-Bl Q-R5 ! etc.
that will impede the development of an
After White's best reply, 20 P-N 3 , Black
active plan for White. Gligoric decides to
maintains the upper hand by 20 . . .
transfer his bishop to QB 2 and aim at
N(Q2)-K4! with the threat of RxN and
attacking the castled king. However, the
N-B6ch. The continuation chosen by
conditions are no t ripe for such an
Gligoric loses quickly.
undertaking, so the modest 1 1 B-Q2
followed by QR-B l would have been
20 P-R3 ? Q·R7ch
better. The move 1 1 P-Q5 is answered by
2 1 K-8 1 N(Q2)-K4 !
1 1 . . PxP 1 2 NxP NxN 1 3 BxN N-B 3 .
.
The decisive tactical blow, which

11 B-N3 R·Ql
threatens not only Q-R8ch but also B-Q4.
12 B·B 2 ? P-QN 3
After 22 NxB Black could win by either
13 N-R2 P-QR4
22 . . . Q·R8ch 2 3 K-K2 QxNP or 22 . . .
14 NxB RPxN
N-B6!
15 R·Kl P-K4
22 PxN B·Q4!
Also good is 1 5 P-QN4. With the
text-move Black starts operating on the Threatening B-B5 ch, thus forcing
king's side. He now threatens P-KS , and White to give up his queen.
the preventive 1 6 PxKP NxP would be to 2 3 QxB RxQ
his advantage. 24 BxP R(Rl)-Ql
25 P-8 3
16 Q- N 3 B·N2
1 7 PxBP P-K5 ! Or 2 5 BxR RxB 26 P-B 3 N-Q6.
25 R(Q4)-Q3 31 P-QN 3 N-Q7ch
26 P-R 5 PxP 32 K-8 2 PxN
27 RxP R-Kl 33 8xP Q-R5ch
28 N-85 R(Q3)-Ql 34 K-K2 RxPch
29 8-Nl N-85 35 KxR QxRch
30 R-Rl P-N 3 36 Resigns
Los Angeles 1963
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pts Prize
1 Keres 'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 0 0 'h 1 1 1 'h 1 8'h I, I I
2 Petrosian 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 1 'h 1 8'h I, I I
3 Najdorf 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 71h I I I, I V
4 Olafsson 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 0 'h 'h 7'h III, IV
5 Reshevsky 1 1 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h 0 'h 7
6 Gligoric 'h 0 1 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 6
7 Benko 0 0 0 0 1 'h 0 1 0 'h 'h 1 0 S'h
8 Panno 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h v.. 1 'h 0 'h 0 S 'h
Curious Positions
The six years from 1 962 to 1 967 marked giving me White against my strongest
a glorious era for chess on the island of opponents, so that I managed to go
Cuba. In 1966 there was the chess through the tourn ament undefeated.
olympiad, which in spite of certain tech Among my wins were two against such
nical difficulties produced a record entry formidable adversaries as Korchnoi and
of teams. In the other years there were lvkov.
category A international tournaments to Korchnoi also lost to his fellow
commemorate the former world cham countryman Geller, but unlike the latter,
pion J. R. Capablanca. I played in all of who lost to the Cuban Garcia as well as
these tournament� until 1 9 6 7 , being Tai and the tail-ender Calero, he was
absent for the first time at the 1 9 68 merciless with all his opponents from the
Capablanca Memorial Tournament, which bottom half of the table. His good record
was only a poor image of the previous there, however, was not completely ob
ones. tained without luck. His victory against
The atmosphere on Cuba, brimming the English champion Wade in the de
over as it was with enthusiasm for chess, cisive phase of the tournament-round
certain ly appealed to me. On two 1 5 -came at the end of a very strange
occasions in Havana I again reached game.
grandmaster level, and on one of these I
1 36. Korchnoi-Wade
was within an ace of occupying first place.
This occurred in the second of the
tournaments, in August and September
1963.
I t was the second year of the tourna
ment. In view of the competition it
seemed hopeless to entertain thoughts of
gaining first place, for there were entries
from three top-notch Russian grand
masters-Tai, Korchnoi and Geller-as
well as eight other grandmasters-lvkov,
Trifunovic, Uhlmann, Robatsch, Barcza,
Position after White's 2 3 rd move
O'Kelly and Darga. This seemed too
tough an assignment, and, as I personally A few moves previously Wade had
was partly involved in the organizing of sacrificed a piece, which he now recovers
the tournament, I occasionally blamed in an ingenious manner.
myself in my unguarded moments for
23 . . . P-KN4!
setting up such a hurdle as that field of
abnormally gifted players. Yet one never If now 24 BxP Black replies 24
knows when success is just around the P-B 3 followed by P-K4. Then, in spite of
comer. the equality of material, the long diagonal
The draw was very favourable for me, QR 1 -KR8 controlled by Black would
confront his opponent with a hopeless There would be no point in doing
task. things by halves. Now at least the mate
threat on KR2 has been eliminated.
24 R-K2 Px8
25 QxP P-K4 31 NxR
26 Q-85 3 2 QxN Q-K3
3 3 Q-84 R(Ql)-Kl
Korchnoi was now in severe time
Black can now win very much as he
trouble, and no one realized what he was
wants. But the wisest course would be to
trying to do . However, it soon became
get rid of the troublesome pawn by KxP,
clear that he was resolved to risk every
depriving White of his last hope.
thing, including material loss, in an en
deavour to gain counter-play. Such tactics 34 N-K5 8-N 3 ? ?
are suitable for lightning games, but it
The miracle has happened. White h as
seems unbelievable that they should bear
now got a draw. Black missed a n easy win
fruit in an international tournament of
by 34 . . . B-R l 35 N-N 6 ! PxN 36 RxQ
masters. But the mysteries of chess are
RxR.
unfathomable.
35 Nx8 PxN ? ?
26 PxN
Now the game is won for White. I f
Winning a piece is without doubt Black had instead taken with his queen he
sound strategy. But here Black had some would have had a perpetual check after
thing better. After 26 . . . RxP ! threat 36 RxR Q-N8ch 3 7 K-N2 Q-B 7ch, for the
ening RxPch ! White could well have White king cannot go to KR3 because of
resigned. Q-B l ch, which stops the mating threat
and allows the rook to be taken.
27 R-K8 1 R-8 2
28 PxP 36 RxQ RxR
After the game Korchnoi admitted Unfortunately for Wade, Korchnoi was
that his own time-trouble had saved him, not affected by his time-trouble and went
for he hadn't had time to resign. Now on to convert his advantage in the endgame.
Black can win without any unnecessary
37 K-N2 KxP
delays by 2 8 . . . R-Q3 followed by KxP
38 P-Q5 R-K5
(which is also decisive after 29 R-K8ch
39 Q-Q87ch R(Kl )-K2
because of the mate threat on KR7).
40 Q-86 R-K7ch
28 . . . R-K2 41 K-R3 K-R2
Wade goes in for a combination, which Or 41 . . . RxQRP 42 P-Q6 R(K2)-K7

is really unnecessary when a piece up. 43 P-Q7 winning, e.g. 43 . . . RxPch 44
K-N4 R(KR7)-Q7 45 P-Q8=Q! RxQ 46
29 N·Q3 Q-B7ch.
Neither rook can be taken because of 42 P-Q.6 R-KN2

the mate. Black's next move illustrates 43 Q-Q5 R-Kl
the mo tif of decoying. 44 K-N4 R-Ql
45 K-N 5 R(N2)-Q2
29 8·K5 46 P-KN4 P-R4
30 Q·KN5 P-83 47 Q-K6 RxP
31 RxP! 48 Q-8 7ch K-Rl
Havana 1963 193
49 K-R6 P-KN4dis ch defeated Letelier, and Tai, Broderman.
SO KxP R-KN l ch The fate of the first five places therefore
Sl K-RS R(N l)-Ql depended on the result of the following
S2 P-NS R(Ql)-Q2 game.
S3 Q-K8ch K-N2
S4 P-QR4 R-Q7 English Opening
SS Q-KS ch K-N l
56 Q-K6ch K-Rl 8arcza Pachman
S7 Q-K8ch K-N 2
1 P-KN 3 P-KN 3
SS P-R4 R(Q7)-Q3
2 8-N2 8-N2
S9 Q-Q88 R-QS
3 P-Q84 P-K4
60 Q-QNS R(Q2)-Q3
4 N-Q8 3 N-K2
61 Q-87ch K-Nl
s P-Q3 0-0
62 Q-QN7 K-Rl
6 R-N l P-QR4( ?)
63 Q-K87 !
Not a particularly good continuation,
Black resigne� at this stage because he for it helps White to open the QR file,
was in zugzwang, e.g. 63 . . . R(QS )-Q4 thus increasing his chances on the queen's
64 K-N4 R-QS ch 6S K-B S R(QS )-Q4ch wing. Besides the normal 6 . . . P-Q3,
66 K-K4 R-QS ch 67 K-KS winning or 6 3 there is also the interesting 6 . . . P-QB 3 7
. . . R(Q3)-Q4 6 4 Q-B 6ch K-Nl 6S QxP P-K4 (preventing P-Q4), after which
etc. Black can either play 7 . . . P-Q3 followed
by B-K3 or sacrifice a pawn. In the latter
At this moment it seemed almost case (7 . . . P-Q4 ! ? 8 KPxP PxP 9 NxP
certain to experienced tournament QN-B 3 followed by B-K3 ) , Black gets
players that Korchnoi was going to win active play for his pieces in return for the
the toumamen t. It is well known that pawn.
where the players are evenly matched it
7 P-QR3 P-Q3
always takes a bit of luck to win first
prize. And you either have luck or you In view of the previous weakening of
don't. It is rare for Mother Fortune to his queen' s wing, 7 . . . P-QB 3 would not
move from one board to the next. be particularly good, for White could
Before the last round the position was: reply with 8 P-B S ! , e.g. 8 . . . P-Q4 9 PxP
Korchnoi 1 6 , Pachman l S � . Barcza, e.p. QxP 10 P-QN4 with a very good
Geller and Tai l S , Ivkov 1 4�. etc. game.
Korchnoi had White against Bobozov,
8 P-K3 QN-8 3
and to everyone 's surprise the game
9 KN-K2 8-N S
ended in a quick draw. In similar situa
tions, such tactics are generally good, for A good manoeuvre, which makes it
one's main rival, who has thus been given difficult for White to castle.
new hope, often becomes so nervous that
10 P-R 3 8-K3
he plays below his usual strength. The
1 1 N-QS Q-Q2
same tactics were adopted by my rival
1 2 Q-R4 8-84
Stahlberg in a similar situation at
Trentschin-Teplitz. I then played my As a rule it is unwise to move a piece
game with Golombek in a completely several times before development has
inexplicable manner-and lost. been completed. Yet there is an excep
But to return to the present tourna tion to every rule, and in the present case
ment. As expected, Geller, with White, the third move with the bishop is not a
mistake, for it answers White's threat of case Black cannot hope for more than
1 3 NxNch winning a pawn. But there was simplification and equality. At this stage
a better move for Black : he could simply of the game it had become clear that the
have ignored the threat and played 12 . . . encounter between Korchnoi and
K-R l ! Then White would have had to Bobozov was heading for a draw, so I
think twice about winning the pawn, for decided to chance my arm and prepare a
after 1 3 NxN QxN 14 BxN PxB 15 QxBP king-side attack. But first it was necessary
he would have had considerable weak to exchange off White's king's bishop.
nesses on the king's side. After other
replies to 1 2 . . . K-R l Black could have 19 B-N2 R-Bl
continued with N-KNl and P·B4, pre 20 R·Rl B-R6
paring an action on the king 's wing. 21 Q-K 2 BxB
22 KxB N-K 3 ?
1 3 Q-B 2 K-Rl
A bad mistake; the correct move i s 2 2
1 4 P-KR4
. . . N-N 5 .
Otherwise he cannot castle. But now
2 3 R-R7 !
his king-side position is we'akened , and
that is exactly where Black is planning to had been prepared for 2 3 NxN BxN
get active. 24 Q-B 3 B-N 2, after which White cannot
win a pawn : 25 QxNP R-QN l . But the
14 P-R4 intermediary move 23 R-R7 changes the
1 5 N (K2)·B3 N(K2)-Nl situation . I could not bring myself to
16 0-0 N-B 3 withdraw the knight to QI , and so I
This transfer of the knight has cost embarked on the following dubious pawn
several tempi, but on KB 3 it is much sacrifice.
more active than on K2. At a suitable 23 . . . R·QN l ! ?
moment it can go to KN 5 , for White 24 P-N 5 ?
would only block his king's bishop on
KN2 if he were to drive it off with B arcza misses his way. He should have
P·KB 3 . continued with 24 NxN BxN 25 Q-B 3
B-N2 2 6 RxP RxR 2 7 QxR, when the
1 7 P-QN4 PxP attacking chances I had hoped to obtain
1 8 PxP N-Ql with 27 . . . P-KB4 are inadequate. It is
interesting to note that Barcza rejected
Objectively the best move is 1 8 . . . this line for quite a different reason. He
R(Rl )-Nl followed by N-K2 . But in this thought that Black could deviate with 26
1 3 7. Barcza-Pachman RxP P-K5 27 QxKP P-Q4, which is a
hallucination, for 28 PxP RxR 29 PxN
Q-B l 30 PxP would give White too many
pawns for the exchange.
24 N-N 5
25 N-K4 Q-Ql
26 P-B3 N-R3
27 P-B4 P-KB4
28 N·N5 NxN
29 RPxN N-NS
The game is now virtually level. It is
Position after Black's 1 8th move true that the White rook on R7 is
Havana 1 963 195
unpleasant for Black, as it prevents him continuation 40 . . . N-K6ch 4 1 K-B 3
from playing P-QB 3 driving the knight R-KB lch 42 N-B4 Q-KN7ch 43 KxN
away from its dominating position. But QxPch 44 K-Q2! Two things, however,
Black's own knight on KN5 is by no were not quite clear. First, was the rook
means badly placed. And his position has ending after 44 . . . QxNch 45 QxQ RxQ
no weaknesses. 46 K-Q3 actually drawn? And, second,
30 B-B3 R-B2 should I give up all chances of playing for
31 P-K4 K-Nl a win? The answer to the first question is
32 PxBP RxP that 46 . . . P-R5 does actually ensure a
33 R-B 3 Q-Q.2 draw. As regards the second, the move I
34 PxP PxP chose left me in a slightly inferior
35 RxR PxR position, so that I should not really have
36 Q-B 3 been thinking in terms of a win.
In fact, when analysing the game in
1 3 8 . Barcza-Pachman
the adjournment, I even rebuked myself
for playing QxP on my 40th move . But as
things worked out the pendulum swung
back and the game again took a dramatic
turn .
41 1l-R 3 ( ? )
The sealed move, after which

breathed a sigh of relief. Although my
analysis had shown there was nothing to
be feared from 41 RxP RxR 42 QxR
From the psychological point of view Q-QB4, after which White has nothing
a very interesting position. We were both better than a drawing continuation 4 3
in time-trouble, and I had the impression Q-Q5ch QxQ 4 4 PxQ N-K6ch, m y posi
that White intended to play 37 QxP, tion would have been more difficult after
expecting 37 . . . QxQ? 38 N-K7 ch. This, 41 N-B4. I had worked out that B lack
of course, would have been a grave could only hold the game in this case by
mistake , for Black also has a knight fork 4 1 . . . P-R5 !
at the ready, so that he could reply to 3 7 Another continuation, 41 Q-K6ch
QxP? by 37 . . . QxNch ! Such traps are K-R l 42 N-B4, can be answered by 42
the ideal tactical weapon in the time . . . P-R5 or 42 . . . R-KNl . An important
scramble. Unfortunately I could not find factor here is that B lack gets immediate
a reasonable move that would leave the counter-play on the king's wing.
trap open. Moreover, I was not particu
41 R-KB l
larly happy with the position as it was, so
42 N-B4 P-R5 !
I decided to go m for a freeing
43 Q-Q5 ch
manoeuvre.
36 P-K5 ! Or 43 Q-N6ch QxQ 44 NxQ R-K l 45
37 PxP PxP NxP N-K6ch, draw.
38 QxP BxB
43 QxQ
39 NxB Q-Q7ch
44 PxQ R-B4!
40 N-K2 QxP
Before making the last move prior to The only good defence to 45 N-K6. At
the time-control I also considered the this point it was really time to offer and
accept a draw. B u t w e both wanted to 61 R-QRl N-K2ch
play on to the bitter end. 62 K-Q4 R-B S ch
63 K-Q3 N-Q4
4 S R-R7 PxP
64 R-R7ch K-B 3
46 KxP N-B 3
47 P-Q6?? N-KSch At first sight White appears to be lost,
48 K-N4 NxP for B lack is threatening 6S . . . R-QR S !
49 N-K6 RxP 6 6 RxR PxR 67 K-B4 K-N2 winning.
SO NxP R-K4 6S R-KN7 !
Sl K-B4 R-KSch
A study-like move that saves the game.
S2 K-B 3 R-K4
lf White were instead to play 6S R-KR 7,
S 3 K-B4 R-B4ch
he would lose, as will soon become clear.
S4 K-K 3 ?
6S R-QRS
Even after the almost unbelievable loss
. • •
66 R-N8 K-N 2
of a pawn several moves previously when
Barcza had simply overlooked a pawn Or 66 . . . K-B4 67 R-QB8ch K-NS 68
fork, the position was still dtawn. lt R-Q8 ! draw, but not 68 N-B 7 ? NxN 69
would have sufficed for White to play S4 RxN R-R 7 !
K-N4! R-QB4 SS N-K6. But this present,
and less obvious, mistake allows White's 67 R-N S !
knight to be driven into the corner. lt is The subtlety o f White's 6Sth move is
only a miracle that Black cannot force a now apparent. lf the rook had been on
wm.
KR8 White might as well have resigned
S4 R-QB4! (67 R-RS N-B S ch). As it is there is
SS N-R8 R-B 3 nothing Black can do. The position is one
56 R-Rl K-B2 of those exceptions where the result does
S7 K-Q4 K-K 3 not accord with chess logic. lf now 67 . . .
S8 R-QN l P-N4 K-B 3, the reply 68 RxN! draws.
S9 R-K l ch K-Q2 67 R-R6ch
60 K-QS N-B l ! 68 K-Q4 N-B6
69 R-QBS P-NS
Answering the threat o f 61 R-K7ch.
70 N-B7 K-N 3
At the same time Black prepares to
71 K-B4 P-N6
regroup his pieces, thus preventing the
72 N-QSch NxN
unfortunate knight from escaping.
73 RxN K-B 3
1 3 9. Barcza-Pachman 74 R-QBSch
Drawn
Thanks to the present FlDE rules it
can happen that even games which do not
affect the final placings can have a
dramatic character. International grand
master and master titles are obtained by
reaching a standard, that is attaining a
certain score, which is determined accord
ing to the strength of the tournament. ln
the final round of the Havana Tourna
ment, Klaus Darga had no chance of
Position after Black 's 64th move ending up in one of the first five places.
Havana 1 963 197
Yet his game was of enormous import 11 8-81 P-QR4
ance, for in the event of victory he would 12 P-8 3 N-84
have reached the grandmaster standard. 13 8-K3 KN-Q2
That is not just a mere matter of a title. 14 Q-Q2 8-K4
The fact is grandmasters are more often There is n o question that such
invited to international tournaments and positions in the King's Indian or Old
are given better conditions. For that Indian are more comfortable for White,
reason the last few years have witnessed a who has a clear-cut plan : placing his
hunt for titles which is not always in the pieces so that they exert the maximum
ethical and aesthetic interest of chess. pressure on Q6 and, possibly, preparation
In this case, however, it was an of an action on the queen's wing (P-QN 3 ,
honourable struggle and an example of P-QR 3 , P-QN4, etc.) . Black, for his part,
how to solve the not too easy task of has no real strategical plan. He must more
beating an admittedly weaker opponent or less play a waiting game, at the same
in a decisive game when one has Black. time trying to keep his opponent
occupied answering small tactical threats,
King's Indian. even merely apparent ones. Black's last
move belongs to this latter category.
De Greif£ Darga Black threatens a queen sally to KRS and
1 P-<l.4 induces his opponent to make a weaken
N-K83
2 P-QB4 ing move on the king's side. In actual fact
P-KN 3
3 N-QB 3 White had no need to worry about the
8-N2
4 P-K4 P-Q3 threat. He should have played 1 6 P-QN 3 ,
S 8-K2 0-0 which i s i n any case a useful move. I f his
6 N-8 3 P-K4 opponent had then gone in for Q-RS
7 o-o QN-Q2 there was still time for 1 6 P-KN 3 .
1 5 P-KN 3 ( ? ) 8·N 2
On his previous move Darga had been
afraid of the simplifying 7 PxP PxP 8 QxQ. Now that the bishop has done its job
He does not want to risk it a second time. of provoking a king-side weakness, it
returns home, thus preventing 1 6 P-B4
8 R-Kl P-8 3
followed by B-N2.
9 R-Nl
1 6 QR-QI ( ? )
I consider 9 B-Bl R-Kl 10 P-QS P-B4
11 P-KN3 to be stronger, though that is There w as still time for P-N 3 .
a purely subjective assessment. Those who 16 P-R S !
prefer open games like to retain the 1 7 Q-Q82 Q-R4
tension in the centre, but in that case 9 1 8 K-N2 N·K4
B-B l R-Kl 1 0 R-Nl is better.
A good continuation is 18 . . . P-R6 1 9
P-N 3 N-R 3 followed b y N-N S . How
9 PxP
ever, although blockading the queen's
10 NxP R-Kl
wing gives Black a satisfactory game,
Black can equalize at once by 1 0 . . . there is little scope for introducing com
P-Q4 1 1 KPxP PxP 1 2 PxP N-N 3 or 1 2 plications, which is what Darga needs.
N(Q4)-NS PxP 1 3 BxP N-N 3 followed by For that reason he decides to keep his
B-B4. For Darga, of course, such a con opponent occupied in the centre and on
tinuation with prospects of an early draw the king's wing, holding back the advance
was out of the question . P-R6 for a more favourable occasion.
1 9 P-84 N-N5 has its positive sides-it can if necessary
20 8-Nl N-8 3 threaten P-R 5 . On the other hand, it has
21 N-83 the drawback that it does change the
position, for White can now take the QP
1 40 . De Greiff-Darga
and the complications that ensue should
lead to a draw.
25 RxP! KNxP
26 RxN 8xN
27 RxRch RxR
28 RxNPch!
An unpleasant surprise for Black, who
now seems to be lost. If he plays 28 . . .
PxR there follows 29 QxPch K-B l 30
Q-B 5 ch K-N l 3 1 BxN B-N2 32 B-Q3
winning.
Black's QP is under attack and direct
protection (R-Ql , B-B l or Q-B2) would 28 . . . 8-N 2 !
lessen the effectiveness of Black's pieces.
Luckily for Darga there is still this
There now follows an exciting tactical
resource. In view of the threat Q-K8
duel revolving around the pawn in
White is farced to sacrifice the exchange,
question.
for after 29 R-N 5 ? Q-K8 30 BxN QxBch
21 P-R6! 31 Q-B2 Q-Q6ch 32 B-K3 Q-K 5 ch 3 3
K-K2 K-B l (threatening B-Q5 ) 3 4 K-Q2
At first sight not a very impressive R-Ql ch 3 5 K-K2 R-Q6 Black's threat of
move. In fact it looks as if White can B-Q5 cannot be answered by 3 6 Q- B3 on
simply take the QP. But there is some account of the elegant rej oinder 3 6 . . .
thing else beneath the surface : 22 RxP? R-Q7ch ! And after the alternative 29
KNxP! 23 NxN NxN 24 RxN RxR 2 5 B-Q4 Black does not have to be content
QxR B·B4 followed b y. PxP winning with a draw ( 2 9 . . . PxR 30 QxP R-K2 3 1
material. BxB RxB 3 2 Q-K8ch, perpetual check),
but can play 29 . . . N-K 3 !
22 P-N3 8-N 5 !
Another interesting indirect defence of 2 9 Rx8ch! KxR

30 8-Q4ch K-Nl
the pawn, e.g. 2 3 RxP? KNxP 24 NxN
3 1 Q-85 !
BxN ch 25 KxB QxR or 24 RxN BxQN .
2 3 P-R3 8xNch De Greiff obviously overlooked

24 Kx8 Darga's reply, but it was one of those
oversights that improve one's chances. In
Psychologically a very interesting spite of the apparent power of his po
position . Darga realizes that White still sition, White actually lacks a satisfactory
ought not to take the pawn but would attacking continuation, e.g. 3 1 B-B 3
like to induce him to do so . For that Q-Ql ! , and neither 32 Q-B 5 Q-Q8ch nor
reason he resorts to a "neutral" move. 32 B-R l N-K5 3 3 B-Q3 NxP! 34 Q-B 3
24 . . . P-R4 ! ? P-B 3 3 5 B-N6 N-K7 can save him.
Viewed from the point of view o f the 31 NxP!

above-mentioned psychological factor 32 QxQ! NxQ
this move is very logical. In fact, it even 3 3 8-83
Havana 1963
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pts Prize
Korchnoi 0 0 y, y, y, 'h 'lz 1 161h
2 Geller y, 0 y, y, y, y, y, 1 0 16 II-IV
3 Pachman 'h 'h y, y, y, y, 'h -1 'h 'h y, 16 I I - IV
4 Tai 'h y, 0 0 1 'lz y, 1 0 16 II-IV
5 B arcza 0 y, y, 0 'lz y, 1 y, y, 1 1 y, 1 5 1h V, V I
6 lvkov y, 0 0 y, 'h 'h 'h 1 y, y, 1 5 Yz V, V I
7 Darga y, y, 'h 0 0 y, y, y, y, y, y, y, 1 0 1 13 VII
8 Uhlmann 0 0 y, 0 0 0 y, y, 'h 'h y, 1 1h 1 2'h VIII
9 Trifunovic 0 'h y, y, 'lz y, 'h 'h 'h 'h y, y, y, 'h 'h 'h y, 1h 1 1 1 '/z IX
10 Bobozov 'h 0 y, 0 0 y, y, y, y, y, y, 0 y, y, 'lz 'h 11 x

1 1 O 'Kelly 'h 0 0 y, y, 0 y, y, y, 'h y, 'lz 'lz y, 'h y, '/:z 11 x
12 Robatsch 0 'h y, 0 'h 0 y, 0 y, 0 'lz 'h y, y, 'h 11 x
13 Letelier 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y, 0 0 y, y, 'lz 1 9
14 Wade 0 y, 0 0 0 0 0 y, y, 0 y, y, y, y, 0 y, 'lz 8\lz
15 Cobo 0 0 'h 'lz y, 0 0 0 y, y, 'lz 0 y, 'h 'h 'h 0 'h y, 8
16 J imenez 0 0 0 0 0 'h 'lz 0 y, 1 y, y, 0 1 y, y, 0 y, y, y, 'lz 7'h
17 Perez 0 0 y, 0 0 y, 0 0 'lz y, y, 0 0 y, 'h 'h 0 'h 7'h
18 Garcia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7
19 Ortega 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y, 'lz 0 y, 0 0 0 y, 'lz 'lz 6
20 de Greiff 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'lz 1h y, 0 0 0 y, 4'h
2 1 B roderman 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 y, 0 'lz 0 0 0 y, y, 0 '/:z 0 'h 4
22 Calero 0 0 0 0 0 0 y, 0 'h 0 0 0 0 0 y, 0 0 0 y, 'h 3 1h

141 . De Greift-Darga 33 R-Ql !
3 4 8xN?
Just one precise move and White
would have had his draw, for after 34
B-K2 ! the Black rook cannot attack the
QRP. And there is no other winning plan
for Black, the continuation 34 . . . NxP
35 BxN P-N4 36 B-K2 offering him no
ch ance, but rather the reverse .
34 R-Q8
35 8-K2 R-QR8
Position after White 's 3 3rd move 36 8-8 3 RxP
37 P-Q85 R-87
38 8-K5 P-R7
It is hard to believe that Black cannot
39 K-K 3 RxP
win even though he is the exchange up.
40 8-Q4
However, his knight is out of pla.y, and
attempts to protect it by R-Rl or P-N 3 White resigned without waiting for his
lead to a draw after 34 P-QB 5 . But Darga opponent's reply. The most accurate
finds a last chance, and it is that which reply is 40 . . . P-R5 and if 41 P-N4 then
gains him the grandmaster title. R-B 8.
Candidaltes' Tournamenlt
][ 96 5
Unsuccessful Surprise in the Opening
Since 1 9 65 the former candidates' was at one stage a forced win for his
tournaments have been replaced by a opponent. But then Spasski convincingly
knock-out system of matches of ten won a series of three games and it looked
games each. In the first round eight as if the match had lost all its drama.
grandmasters take part. The four success However, after two draws Keres hit back,
ful contestants then play a second match winning a great game and reducing his
of ten games, the winners meeting in the opponent's lead to one point with two
final, where victory determines the rounds to go . In the ninth game the
challenger to the world champion. In the match might well have come to a con
first of these new candidates' tourna clusion, for Spasski overlooked a simple
ments, the draw brought two of the manoeuvre that would have gained a
favourites together in the first round. One piece. This bad mistake, which cost him
of these, the 49-year-old Estonian grand half a point, heightened the drama. The
master, Paul Keres, had won the 1 9 3 8 score was now 5 : 4 in Spasski's favour,
A VRO Tournament, which had been but Keres had White, and by winning the
regarded as the qualifying tournament for next game could have squared the match
a world championship title match against and forced a continuation.
the world champion, Alekhin. This On 23 August 1 9 6 5 the officers' mess
tournament was thus virtually the first in Riga was full of spectators, most of
candidates' tournament, being like those whom were interested in which of the
regular three-yearly tournaments which two contestants would emerge as the
were started after World War I I . The title chief rival to their chess idol, Michael Tai.
match between Alekhin and Keres never
took place. During the war the front King's Indian
moved twice over Tallin, where Keres
lived. Keres Spasski
In the candidates' tournaments since
1 P-<l.4 N-KB 3
the war Keres had achieved the best
2 P-QB4 P-KN3
overall result, but had lacked that last
3 N-QB 3 B-N2
little piece of luck necessary for victory.
It was clear that 19 65 would be the last The opening set-u p chosen by both
chance for Keres, who was now nearly players is highly surprising, for it was the
fifty years old. His opponent in the first first tournament game between Keres and
round was Boris Spasski, a thirty-year-old Spasski in which the King's Indian De
master with an all-round style, who was fen ce had occurred. The Estonian grand
excellently equipped both physically and master almost always opens with 1 P-K4.
mentally. However, in the second game he nearly
Keres won the first encounter with lost an d in the fourth game he actually
Black, a very sharply played game, and did lose, in both cases in a Ruy Lopez. So
managed to scrape a draw in the second his change of repertoire is under
in a very difficult endgame in which there standable.
It is less clear why Spasski in such an NxB RxN or 14 N-B4 Q-R 3 1 5 N-K3
important game should choose a defence N-Q2, etc. Theorists began to write about
that he only occasionally adopts. His a pawn sacrifice advocated by Pachman.
usual defences to 1 P-Q4 are the Nimzo Actually, it happens quite frequently that
I ndian and, more often, the Tartakower a mistake later turns out to be a combina
variation of the Queen's Gambit. The tion. Of course, the reverse is by no
choice of the King's Indian seems to be means less common.
tactically wrong in view of the fact that
10 P-K 5! Px P
Black only needed a draw. Why should he
1 1 Px P N-N5
risk getting into a complicated position?
1 2 B-KB4
The explanation of Spasski's psycho
logical approach to the final game can be Several games have shown that after
found by looking at the eighth. In that , a 12 BxP NxKP 1 3 0-0 the passed pawn
Nimzo-Indian, Keres had sacrificed two gives White no advantage . On the con
pawns and shattered his opponent in trary, it is Black with his active bishop on
twenty-five moves. This time Spasski KN2 and the open QN file who has the
decides not to play for a ,draw. He initiative.
calculates that sharp play will upset An interesting variation is 1 2 B-KN5
Keres, who in any case faces a stiff Q-N 3 1 3 0-0 P-B5 dis ch 1 4 K-Rl NxKP
mental test. His decision , which very few (not 1 4 . . . N-B7 ch? 1 5 RxN QxR 1 6
present-day grandmasters would have NxP with a won position for White) 1 5
taken, pays off handsomely in the end. B-K7 QN-Q2 o r better 1 5 NxN BxN 1 6
4 P-K4 B-K7. I t is, however, understandable that
P-Q3
in this game Keres did not want to choose
5 P.B4
a line that at the time enjoyed widespread
With his choice of this two-edged interest. Instead, he hoped to spring a
system, Keres returns to a favourite line surprise on his opponent.
of his in his youth-as played, for
example, in a game against Hrom;idka in 12 N-Q2
19 3 7. Here he has prepared a little 1 3 P-K6!
surprise in a modern variation.
1 42 . Keres-Spasski
5 P-B4
6 P-Q5 0-0
7 N-B 3 P-K3
8 B-K2 PxP
9 BPxP P-QN4! ?
At this stage I feel I have to make a

confession. This move, in place of the
older and sound 9 . . . R-Kl 10 N-Q2
N-N 5 1 1 BxN Q-R5ch, etc . , is known as
my improvement to the whole variation,
because I recommended it many years
ago. When doing so, I had overlooked 13 PxP! ?
that White wins a pawn by 10 BxP NxKP
1 1 NxN Q-R4ch 1 2 K-B2 QxB 1 3 NxQP. With this move Spasski shows that he
Subsequent analysis by others, however, has no intention of avoiding risks. He
showed that Black has adequate compen could have by-passed all complications by
sation for the pawn, e.g. 1 3 . . . Q-N 3 1 4 1 3 . . . N(Q2)-K4, e.g. 1 4 NxN NxN 1 5
0-0 PxP 1 6 BxP PxP 1 7 QxPch QxQ 1 8 K-Kl N-K6 ) , which is tantamount to
NxQ B-N2, etc. defeat.
The reason for Keres's seventeenth
14 PxP RxB move (QxP) was not therefore to win a
Now the exchange sacrifice is neces pawn but to gain time for castling by
sary, for if Black moves away his knight threatening 1 8 P-K7.
on Q2 , his opponent gets a better game: 17 . . . BxP
14 . . . N-N3 15 QxQ RxQ 16 NxP BxNP 1 8 0-0 N-K6
17 P-K7 R-Kl 18 R-QN l winning the
1 43 . Keres-Spasski
exchange, or 14 . . . N(Q2)-B 3 1 5 QxQ
RxQ 1 6 P-K7 R-Kl 1 7 B-Q6, etc.
1 5 Q-Q5
This move caused great excitement

among the otherwise disciplined spec
tators, who for the most part were hoping
for a victory by keres-either because of
the nearness of Riga and Tallin or for the
more selfish reason that they assumed
Keres would be an easier opponent for
their darling, Tal. By threatening 16 P-K7 In the course of the last few moves
dis ch White wins the exchange, and Black's pieces have become quite active,
Black apparently gets no adequate com and there is now the constant threat of
pensation. P-N 5. Under normal circumstances Keres
would almost certainly have given back
15 K-Rl
the exchange either by 19 BxP NxR 20
1 6 QxR N-N 3
RxN R-B2 21 Q-R 5 , which gives him a
1 7 QxP
slightly better game, though Black's two
The first debatable point. Is the pawn bishops should ensure a draw, or by 1 9
worth the removal of the queen from the QR-Ql NxQR 2 0 RxN B-Q5ch 2 1 K-Rl
scene of action? The move 17 Q-N8 looks P-N5 22 N-QN5 B-Q4! , after which Black
more logical, for the enemy rook threatens BxN with complete equality.
apparently has to waste a tempo moving Being forced to play for a win, however,
away. If Black tries to keep the White Keres understandably decides to hold on
king in the middle by 1 7 . . . BxNch 1 8 to the extra material.
PxB R -K 5 , there follows 1 9 0-0! R x B 20
QR-Kl , and Black's position is critical. 19 R-B2 P-N 5
However, Black has a good alternative,
Now Black can no longer think of
which is more effective in preventing
recovering the exchange, for 19 . . .
White from castling and, what is more,
N-N 5 ? 20 R-Ql B-Q5 2 1 NxB would lose
does not give up the two bishops, viz. ( 1 7
at once.
Q-N8) N-K6! I f White replies 1 8 K-B 2,
Black plays 18 . . . N-N 5 ch, after which 20 QN-N 5 ?
White cannot continue 19 K-N 3 RxNch
20 KxR Q-B 3 ch 2 1 K-N 3 ( 2 1 KxN O n its new post the knight will soon
Q-B4ch ) 21 . . . Q-N4, which loses the get into danger, and that is one of the
queen or allows a quick mate, but must main reasons for White's defeat. The
be content with a draw by repetition ( 1 9 correct move is 20 N-Ql ! , which Black
should not answer by 20 . . . N-N5 ? In the same way as in the note to move
hoping for 2 1 R (B2)-B l ? B-Q5 ch 22 2 3, a counter-attack by 26 Q-R7 QxN 2 7
K-R l Q-Q3 (threatening 23 . . . RxN) 2 3 R-K7 fails o n account of 28 . . . N-Q3,
P-KN 3 B-Q4! , because White has a much and giving up a piece by 27 N-N5 RxRch
stronger reply in 2 1 N-KN 5 RxR ( 2 1 . . . 28 RxR B-Q5 ch 29 K-R l B·KNPch 30
QxKN 2 2 Q-N8ch) 2 2 NxR! (not, of course KxB N-K6ch is no good either.
22 NxB RxPch 2 3 KxR Q-Q4ch, etc.).
After 20 N-Ql Black would have t o play 26 . . . NxP
20 . . . N(K6)-Q4, after which the game is
1 44. Keres-Spasski
quite open. For the exchange Black
would have considerable pressure , though
no immediate threats.
20 .
• . R-B2
2 1 Q-R 5
If the queen were t o withdraw t o R6

Black would simply continue witp 2 1 . . .
BxNP 22 R-Kl N-N5 2 3 R-Ql B-Q4:
After the text-move, however, the Black
knight is pinned, and if Black were to
play as in the note, White could continue
with 24 RxB! QxR 25 QxN NxR 26 2 7 Q-B 2 ?
KxN, which gains him two pieces for a
Prematurely resigning himself t o his
rook.
fate. Keres probably rejected 27 Q-R5 on
21 . . . Q-QN l account of 27 . . . N-B 5 28 Q-R4 B-B 3 ,
22 R-Kl overlooking the fact that 2 8 Q-B 7 would
have kept him out of danger, for 28 . . .
The promising-looking reply 22
QxN 29 Q-Q8 ch B-Nl 30 R-K8 would
N-N5 can now be answered by 23 B-Bl !
actually lose for Black.
with advantage to White.
After the game Spasski said he had
22 . . . B·Q4 intended to reply to 27 Q-R5 by 27 . . .
2 3 B-B l N-Q6, which would have given him excel
Or 2 3 B-Q3 QN-B 5 24 BxN (but not lent chances, though the win would still
24 Q-R6 NxKNP! 25 KxN Q-B 5 with a have had to be demonstrated.
mating attack by Black) 24 . . . NxB 2 5
27 QxN
Q-R6 R·B 3 2 6 Q-R4 (or 2 6 Q-R7 QxN 2 7
28 R-K7 N-Q6
R·K7 N-Q3! 2 8 RxB N-B2 2 9 R·Q2 Q-B 3 ,
29 Q-K2 P-B5
etc. ) , and now Black must not play 2 6
30 R-K8ch R-Bl
. . . B-B 3 ? o n account of 2 7 Q-R 7 QxN
31 RxRch BxR
28 R-K7 , but 2 6 . . . R·B l ! threatening
32 N-N5 B-B4ch
NxP and B·QB 3 .
33 K-Rl Q-Q2
23 . . . NxB 34 Q-Q2 Q·K2
24 KRxN N·B 5 35 N-B 3 Q-K6
25 Q·R6 R B3
·
26 Q-R4 White lost by exceeding the time-limit.

Candidates' Tournament
JI 96 5
Two Years' Analysis
The Danish grandmaster Larsen was one 3 P-Q4 PxP

of the most successful chess players of 4 NxP P·K3
the second half of the 19 60s. He is by S N-Q83 P-Q3
nature a great optimist. Twice before The Scheveningen System was at one
candidates' tournaments he has publicly time characterized by the moves 4 . . .
expressed his conviction that he would N-B 3 S N-QB 3 P·Q3 6 B·K2 P·K 3 . Nowa·
emerge victorious and then go on to win days this line rarely occurs in the games
the match for the world 's highest title. of strong players, for the move 6 . . .
In the semi-final -of the 19 65 tourna P·K4 is so good that no one allows it.
ment Larsen's opponent was Tai, who at I nste?.d it is prevented by the Richter
that time was already past his peak and Rauser Actack (6 B-KN S ) or the devel
who was physically not in the best of oping move 6 B-QB4.
condition. Larsen was the favourite by a The order of moves chosen by Larsen
short head. He took the lead after the in this game has, on the one hand, the
first and fifth games, but each time Tai advantage of preventing 6 B·KN S . On the
subsequently managed to catch up, and other, it has the disadvantage that White
after the ninth game, in which Larsen has not yet played his king's bishop to K2
failed to make use of his chances in the and can post it more aggressively on Q3
ending, they were still all square. The or QB4. Tai decides to adopt the sharpest
tenth game, in which Tai had White, continuation , which is characterized by
began on 8 August in Bled, the venue for queen-side castling.
many a great chess contest, but the
post-mortem lasted two full years. The 6 8·K3 N-8 3
analyses of the critical position filled 7 P-84 8·K2
many handwritten and printed pages, for 8 Q-8 3 0-0 ! ?
Tai made a piece sacrifice on intuition More peacefully disposed players
rather than exact calculation, something prefer 8 . . . P·K4, preventing the typical
which few grandmasters would have classical Sicilian attack, characterized by
dared in such a vital game. However, in
an advance of White's king-side pawns. If
this match the two players had one thing
White then replies 9 N·B S , Black gets an
in common-they were both great excellent game by 9 . . . BxN 10 PxB
optimists who had their fair share of N-QS ! Therefore White would do better
"healthy impudence", as it is called in with 9 PxP PxP 1 0 NxN PxN 1 1 B-QB4
sports j argo n . 0-0 1 2 P·KR 3 (more promising than 1 2
0-0 N-NS 1 3 QR·Ql NxB ! ) .
Sicilian Defence
9 0-0-0 Q-82
Tai Larsen The continuation 9 . . . NxN 10 BxN

Q-R4 1 1 P-KS has proved to be less good.
1 P-K4 P-Q84
2 N-K83 N-Q8 3 10 N(Q4)·N S ! ?
With this move Tai decides to go along 1 4 5 . Tai-Larsen
unexplored and unfathomable paths. 1 0
P-KN4 i s premature o n account o f 1 0 . . .
NxN 1 1 RxN P-K4! , but in a number of
games 10 R-N l has been played, pre
paring the advance of the KNP.
10 Q-N l
1 1 P-KN4 ! ? P.QR 3
1 2 N-Q.4 NxN
1 3 BxN P-QN4?
Larsen does nothing to stop the

typical pawn advance-a testament to his Position after Black's 1 5 th move
exaggerated optimism. Here 1 3 . . . P-K4 (which because of White's decision not to
was necessary, which is almost always the play P·KR4 is inadequately protected) to
natural reaction to P-KN4. After this and attack in the centre: 1 6 . . . P-K4 17 B-K3
White's best reply, 14 P-N S , Black, in PxP 1 8 BxP ( I f White had already played
view of the position of his queen on QN l , P·KR4 he could instead continue with
should avoid the immediate 1 4 . . . PxB NxP followed by N-QS . ) 1 8 . . . N·K4.
1 5 PxN PxN 1 6 PxB PxPch 1 7 K-N l
R-Kl 1 8 P-B S ! RxP 1 9 R-N l , which gives 16 . . . PxN
White a strong attack, and insert the Declining the sacrifice would give
intermediary move 14 . . . B-N 5 ! , which White a decisive attack : 1 6 . . . B·Ql 1 7
more or less leads to equality, e.g. 1 5
N·B6ch PxN 1 8 PxP BxP ( 1 8 . . . NxP 1 9
Q-N 3 PxB 1 6 PxN PxN 1 7 PxB PxPch 1 8
QR·N l ch K·Rl 2 0 Q·N 3) 1 9 QR·Nl ch
K-N l BxR 1 9 B-B4 B-R4.
K·R l 20 P·KS with the irresistible threat
14 P-NS N-Q.2 of 21 Q·R S .
1 5 B·Q3 ! ?
1 7 PxP P-84?
Preparing the sacrifice o f a piece. The
White was threatening 18 Q·K4, which
preventive 15 P-QR 3 is not particularly
could not have been adequately parried
good, for Black gets strong counter-play
by 1 7 . . . B·Ql because of the multiple
on the open QN file ( 1 5 . . . P-NS 16 PxP
piece sacrifice 1 8 BxRPch KxB 1 9
QxP) . However, it would have been pos
Q-RSch K·N l 2 0 BxP! KxB ( 20 . . . P-B4
sible to build up an attacking position
21 Q·N6 R·B2 22 B-R6dis ch) 2 1
without any undue risks by 1 5 P-KR4,
Q-R6ch K-N l 2 2 P-N6 PxP ( 2 2 . . . N·B 3
which enables White to reply to 1 5 . . .
23 P-N7) 2 3 QxPch K·R l 24 QR-N l
P-NS with 1 6 N-K2 .
followed by mate i n two moves.
15 P·N S The greatest controversy centred
around the position that would have
16 N·QS !
arisen after Black's strongest defence, 1 7
That is the controversial sacrifice that . . . P-N 3 ! A number o f analysts voiced
kept chess annotators and editors busy the opinion that, although in this case
for such a long time. However, in view of White would have very good chances in
White's previous move, the sacrifice is practice, objectively seen Black should
practically forced, for if instead White win with precise defen ce. Larsen was of
withdraws the knight by 1 6 N-K 2, Black the same opinion after the game, main
can exploit the weakness of the KNP taining that his faulty choice of defence
had robbed him of victory in this im R-Kl 22 PxP B(K5 )xNP 2 3 P-B5 ! BxBP
portant game and with it the chance of 24 P-N6! BxNP 25 RxP ! ! BxR 26 R-N l ch
contesting the world championship title. B-N3 27 Q-R 6 winning.
The result of considerable analysis
points to the fact that Black's defence 18 QR-Kl R-82
would in this case have been extremely
Black must not only cover his bishop
difficult. It seems most likely that the
but also the point KN2 . In reply to 1 8
position was an example of dynamic
. . . B·Ql , Tai had planned the following
equilibrium, where even the slightest in
interesting continuation, which he
accuracy on Black's part would have led
demonstrated after the game: 1 9 Q·R5
to an immediate loss. In practice the
N-B4 20 BxNP NxBch 21 K·N l NxR 22
attacker tends to have an advantage in
P·N6 KxB 23 QxRPch K·B 3 24 P-N7
such situations, for defence in tactically
R·B 2 ( 24 . . . R·K l 25 Q-R6ch K·B2 26
complicated positions is more difficult,
Q·R 5 ch) 25 P-N8=N mate. This is a
and more time-consuming, than attack.
typical Tai combination. However, this
From the array of possible variations
time there is a flaw in it, for, instead of
arising after 17 . . P-N 3 , we shall con
21 . . . NxR, Black can withstand the
•.
sider a few of the most typical. White has

attack by 21 . . . Q-B2 22 BxR NxR 2 3
clearly two basic plans of attack : he can
RxN Q·KB2 ! .
do his best to attain the maximum
In later analysis Grandmaster
effectiveness of his pieces or he can try to
Schamkowitsch improved on Tal's idea
weaken Black's king's side by advancing
by 19 BxNP ! ! KxB 20 Q-R 5 , after which
his KRP.
Black, in spite of his two extra pieces, has
The most suitable way of initiating the
no adequate defence to the threat of 2 1
first plan is to play 18 QR-Kl and after
Q·R6ch followed b y P·N 6; e.g. 2 0 . . .
1 8 . . . B-Ql adopt the queen manoeuvre
K·R l 2 1 R·K8 ! (threatening BxBP) RxR
19 Q-R 3 N-K4! (not 1 9 . . . B-N 3 ? 20
22 QxRch K-N2 23 QxB with the fatal
BxNP! ! BPxB 21 R-K7 R-B2 22 Q-K6
threat of BxBP or R·Kl . Likewise 20 . . .
N-K4 23 QxRch NxQ 2 4 R-K8 mate) 20
N·B 5 2 1 Q-R6ch K·N l 2 2 P·N6 NxBch
Q-R6 B-N 3 ( much weaker is the continu
23 K·N l ! Q·B 2 24 KR-N I loses for Black
ation 20 . . . NxBch 2 1 PxN Q-B 2ch 2 2
as does 20 . . . Q-B 2 21 Q-R6ch K·N l 22
K-N l P-B 3 2 3 PxP Q-KB 2, when White
P-N6 N·B3 23 KR-N I . Black's best
can win the exchange by 24 Q-N7ch or,
chance is to return one of the extra pieces
even better play for attack by 24 R-K6!)
by 20 . . . N-K4 ! , though even in this case
21 PxN BxB 2 2 R-K4 B-B 7 ! (preventing
White secures an advantage by 21 PxN
23 R-R4) 23 P-K6. The resulting position
R·R2 22 P·K6 followed by Q·R 6ch and
deserves further analysis. Schamkowitsch
P·N6.
gives the following interesting line, which
leads to an equal endgame: 23 . . . PxP 24 19 P·KR4!
PxP P-Q4 25 R-K2 Q-B 5 ch 26 K-Nl
Q-R5 27 BxNP ! QxQ (not 27 . . . P x B 28 At the moment there is no way the
QxPch K-Rl 29 P-K7, etc.) 28 B-B7ch attack with pieces can be reinforced.
K-Rl 29 PxQ BxP 30 BxB. White must therefore try to break open
J ust as complicated is Black's defence his o pponent's castled posltlon by
if White adopts the other pla n : 18 P-KR4 advancing his own pawns. After the text·
N·B 4 1 9 B-B4! (better than 19 P-R5 NxB move White threatens P·R5 followed by
20 RxN B-B4) 1 9 . . . B-B4 20 P-R5 ! Now P-KN6. The strength of this threat can be
Black can hardly continue with 20 . . . seen from the following variation : 1 9 . . .
B-K5 ? 2 1 Q-K3 BxR 22 QxB or 2 1 . . . N·B l 20 P·R5 Q·B 2 2 1 P·N6 R·B 3 ! 22
P-R6 ! and White achieves a decisive suggested be ca use of the defence 2 1 . . .
opening of the files, e.g. 2 2 . . . RxP 2 3 P-N4! 22 BxBP B-KB 3 ! He felt sure there
PxP RxP 2 4 BxR KxB 2 5 QR-N l ch N-N3 must be a way of forcing a win for White.
26 RxPch ! , winning. The defence 19 . . . But with limited time for thought he was
N-B l 20 P-R5 P-N3 is not very good unable to find it; so he chose what was
either, for the opening of the KR file probably the weaker continuation, objec
backed up by the bishop on Q4 is deadly, tively seen, because it was safer. If he had
as the following combination shows: 21 chosen the sharper line, he could not have
QR-N l ! Q-B 2 (or 2 1 . . . B-Ql ) 22 PxP played 2 3 B-K6 (intending to answer 2 3
NxP 2 3 Q-R 5 ( threatening QxNch ! ) NxP . . . BxB b y 2 4 PxP) because Black can
24 P-N6 ! ! NxQ 25 PxPdbl ch KxP 26 insert the move 23 . . . P-N5 before taking
RxN mate. the bishop. However, things are different
if White inverts moves, e.g. 2 3 PxP BxB?
19 B-N 2!
24 B-K6 N-K4 2 5 RxN ! BxR 2 6 QxRch
1 46. Tai-Larsen K-R l 27 P-R 6 P-N 3 28 P-R7 , winning.
For that reason a better defence for Black
is 23 . . . BxNPch 24 K-N l , though White
also maintains his advantage, e.g. 24 . . .
K-B l 2 5 Q-N4 B-K B 3 26 BxN BxB 2 7
B-K6 B-KB3 28 BxR K x B 2 9 Q-K6ch
K-B l 30 P-R 6, winning, or 24 . . . B-KB3
25 B-K6 Q-KB8 26 P-R6! etc.
Tal's assessment of t h e situation was
therefore correct. Nevertheless his con
tinuation, 20 BxBP, does not deserve a
question-mark, for it also leaves White in
Larsen quite rightly opts for active an attacking position, and, what is more,
defence. If White now continues with his with a reduced material disadvantage and
plan ( 20 P-R5 ? N-K4! 2 1 PxN BxPch 2 2 consequently less risk. Moreover, the cal
K-N l PxP 2 3 BxKP Q-Ql ) , Black gets a culation of all the possible variations
good game, thanks to his attack on the arising from 20 P-KN6 was probably too
QP. much for the human brain.
20 BxBP
20 . . . RxB ! ?
After the game Tai expressed dissatis
faction over this decision, which was Larsen had obviously had enough of
taken after considerable thought. His being pinned down to dour defence and
comments on it are very interesting: decided, with this and the next move, to
"That is the cost of calculation in sport. initiate a desperate counter-attack. After
If this game had not been played in the the game he was of the opinion that
last round I should certainly have chosen continuing to defend by 20 . . . N-Bl
the sharper 20 P-N6 ! PxP 21 P-R 5 ! " A would have offered him better chances.
very interesting comment, which shows However, in that case the game might
something of Tal's views on chess. For have continued 21 Q-K4 (threatening to
him chess is not only a game that has to sacrifice the queen by 22 QxB ! ) 21 . . .
be won but also something aesthetic. And Q-Kl (if 2 1 . . . Q-B 2 , White can also
in his case the two components were in continue quietly with 22 P-R5 and 2 3
conflict. P-N6) 22 BxPch! (better than the line
Tai rejected the continuation he later given by Larsen : 22 P-R 5 RxB ! 2 3 QxR
Q-B2) 22 . . . NxB 2 3 P-N6 N-B 3 24 The only way of strengthening the

PxRch KxP 25 Q-B 5 ! , after which White, defence was 24 . . . BxP! 25 PxP! RxB 26
who has more or less recovered the QxR BxR, though White can then con
material sacrificed, maintains a strong tinue with 27 P-N 3 ! , when his positional
attack. The situation is similar if Black superiority should lead to a win, e.g. 2 7
deviates with 21 . . . P-N 3 22 B-N4 ( not . . . P-QR4 28 P-R 5 ! followed b y 2 9 P-R6
22 QxB PxB ! ) followed by P-R 5 . or 27 . . . B-B6 28 Q-QB4ch K-R l 29
R-KB7 QxP 30 RxB. In this last variation
21 Rx8 N-K4!
White has an even better line in 28
The reason for Black's previous move. QxQNP K-R l 29 Q-Q4, with an easily
If, instead, 2 1 . . . R-B 2 22 RxR KxR, won game.
White wins quickly by 23 P-N6ch! PxP
( 2 3 . . . K-N l 24 PxPch K-R l 25 R-N l) 25 Q-K2 QxR
24 P-R 5 , e.g. 26 QxR PxP
(i) 24 . . . N-B 3 25 PxPch KxP 2 6 27 R-Kl R-Ql
Q-N 3ch K-B2 2 7 BxN KxB 2 8 Q-N 5 ch 28 RxP Q-Q3
K-B 2 29 Q-B 5ch, etc. 29 Q-84! R-K8 1
(ii) 24 . . . P-N4 25 PxPdis ch K-N l 2 6
P-R 6 Q-K B l 2 7 QxQch NxQ 2 8 PxP If 29 . . . BxP?, then 30 R-K8ch!
N-N 3 29 R-R8ch K-B2 30 P-N8=Qch! winning the queen.
RxQ 31 R-R7ch, etc.
(iii) 24 . . . Q-KBl 25 PxPch K-Kl 26 30 Q·K4 P-N6
R-R7 N-B 3 27 Q-K 3 ch K-Ql ( 27 . . .
Q-K2 28 QxQch KxQ 29 RxPch or 27 . . . In the time-scramble, Black makes a
K-Q2 28 Q-K6ch) 28 BxNch QxB 29 last attempt to complicate the position.
Q-N 6ch winning.
22 Q-K4 Q-K8 1 31 RPxP R-88ch

2 3 PxN! 32 K-Q2 Q-N 5 ch
33 P-8 3 Q-Q 3
Naturally not 23 RxB ?? RxBP 24
34 8-8 5 ! Qx8
Q-K3 R-B 8ch, which wins for Black !
35 R-K8ch R-81
23 • . . R-8 5 36 Q-K6ch K-R l
24 Q-K3 R-86? 37 Q-87 Resigns
1 965
The Advantage o f the Black Pieces
The final of the candidates' tournament, reached in the ninth game, when Tai tried
at Tbilisi in November 1 9 65, brought Tai to force a win by going on the offensive.
and S passki together. Their match had After his loss there he failed to recover.
one strange aspect: contrary to the usual
run of t hings, most of the games not
Ruy Lopez
drawn were won by Black. Tai took the
lead in the second game, a Sicilian
Tai Spasski
Defence, when his opponent attacked too
vigorously on the king-side and got a lost 1 P-K4 P-K4
ending after twelve moves. In the next 2 N-KB3 N-QB 3
game it was Spasski who got the better 3 B-NS P-QR 3
endgame, which he managed to win after 4 B-R4 N-KB 3
Tai had missed excellent drawing chances. s 0-0 B-K2
After five drawn games Spasski was 6 R-Kl P-QN4
victorious in the ninth , again with the 7 B-N 3 0-0
black pieces. In the following game he 8 P.QR4
used a remarkable method to thwart his
In the first, fifth and seventh games
opponent's bid to equal matters. Playing
Tai had played 8 P-QB 3 , whereupon
White, he deployed his forces in such a
Spasski opted for the Marshall Attack: 8
passive manner that, a short time after
. . . P-Q4 9 PxP NxP 10 NxP NxN 1 1
the opening, it looked as if he were
RxN P-QB 3 . At one time this was con
playing with the black pieces ; but these
sidered to be a very sharp attacking line,
strange tactics paid off and he won the
but today it tends to be looked upon as a
game. He also won the next, in which he
reliable way of drawing. All three games
really did have Black, and with it the
did in fact end in a draw, and for that
match. Afterwards the commentators had
the difficult task of explaining the strange reason Tai decided to try something else
superiority of the black pieces. towards the end of the match.
It is probable that Spasski, after his
8 . . . P-N S !
early defeat, thought out his tactics for
the future games very carefully. His oppo F o r a long time the move 8 . . . B-N2
nent is well known for his powers of was customary in this position. However,
imagination, which sometimes run to after White's reply 9 P-Q3 the bishop is
excess, and for his aggressive style of confined to playing a passive role.
play. Spasski therefore decided to adopt a
9 P-B3 P-Q3
waiting policy, using the opportunities
1 0 P.RS
that would arise when Tai, throwing
caution to the wind, plunged into risky By no means new, but at the time a
adventures. These tactics paid off in the continuation that had almost been for
end. gotten. After the better-known 10 P-Q4
T h e real decision i n the match was the best line is 1 0 . . . PxP 1 1 NxP ( 1 1
PxP B-N 5 ) 1 1 B-Q2 and Black has a the next few moves. A more logical
good game. continuation is 20 . . . N-K2 2 1 N-R4
K-R2 (not 21 . . . NxN? 22 NxP) 2 2
10 PxP( ? )
N-B 5 ! NxN(B4) ! 2 3 PxN N-B 3 24 PxPch
The lesson to be drawn from the PxP and Black has almost equalized.
present game is that this exchange is not
2 1 Q-Q3 N-N l ?
advantageous, mainly because it helps
White to develop and obtain good In the opinion o f the former world
chances on the queen's wing. According champion Petrosian Black could have
to my analysis the immediate 10 . . . sacrificed a pawn here by 2 1 . . . K-R2 2 2
B-K3 ! is much stronger. Black need not BxQRP P-KB4.
worry about his pawn, for the line 1 1
22 B-K3 N-KB 3
BxB PxB 1 2 Q-N 3 Q-Q2 1 3 PxP QR-N l
14 R-R4 N-KR4 is obviously good for 147. Tal-Spasski
him.
11 QPxP! B-K3
12 QN-Q2 R-Nl
The disadvantage of this move is that

it weakens Black's QH P and allows White
to retain his bishop, which can later be
used to attack the pawn. In March 1 9 66
Jansa played the superior 1 2 . . . BxB
against Tai in the tournament at Sarajevo,
but White maintained a slight, though
distinct, positional advantage after 1 3 2 3 KR-QI ?
QxB and Q-R4. The game ended in a
sensational loss for Tai, which, however, The first critical moment in the game.
was not due to the opening. With this indecisive move Tai does not
quite throw away all of his advantage. On
1 3 B-B2 N-KR4 the other hand, the continuation 23 NxN
Black is at a disadvantage on the QxN 24 B-Q5 BxB 2 5 QxB (also good is
queen's wing, so he must try something 25 PxB Q-K2 26 N-Q2 P-KB4 27 P-B 3)
on the other side. A beginner might easily 25 . . . P-B 3 26 Q-Q2 K-R2 27 B-N 6 with
overlook the typical trap 1 4 NxP ? ? NxN the threat of 28 KR-Ql is much more
15 QxN B-N 5 leading to the loss of the energetic. If Black deviates on m ove 24
White queen. with P-B 3 White gains an advantage by 25
BxB QxB 26 B-N 6 !
14 N-B l P-N 3
15 N-K3 B-B 3 23 BxN
16 N-Q5 B-N2 2 4 BxB NxB
17 B-Q3 R-Rl 25 QxN N-Q2
18 N-N5 B-B l
Black has eased his situation by ex
19 B-QB4 P-R3
changing two minor pieces; in addition
20 N-B 3 B-K3
his pieces are no longer tied to the
Black wants to neutralize his defence of the QRP. Nevertheless White
opponent's pressure on the long white still has a distinct advantage. He only
diagonal KN1-QR7 and is prepared to needs to keep an eye on Black's king-side
allow his bishop to be passively placed for attack, initiated by K-R2 and P-KB4, and
at the sam e time prepare the creation and bad line for White is 3 1 B-B l N-B4 3 2
conversion of a passed-pawn on the R-K 3 N-N6, when Black wins a pawn
queen 's wing. A strong continuation is 2 6 with impunity.
P-QN4 K-R 2 2 7 N-Q2 P-KB4 2 8 P-B3 or
31 . . . QxP!
27 . . . N-B 3 2 8 Q-Q3 N-N5 29 N-B4, etc.
Instead Tai opts for a complicated and The pawn on QN2 is often said to be
not very logical plan. He intends to poisoned, which does not, of course,
transfer his pieces to the king's side to mean that it should never be captured.
meet Black's attack there. There is only one rule that has any
validity: it is correct to take the pawn
26 Q-B4 K-R2
when doing so is advantageous.
27 R-R4( ?) P-KB4
28 P-N 3 Q·Bl ! 32 Q·Q3 Q·N l
A very fine move, which threatens 29 White was threatening not only 3 3
. . . P-B5 30 PxP PxP 31 B-Q4 N-K4 R-KN4 but also 3 3 R-QN4 Q-R 7 34
followed by Q-N 5ch. In addition the N-N 3 . The latter threat, however, could
Black queen is ready to move to QN 2. have been ignored, e.g. 32 . . . N-B 3 ! 3 3
R-QN4 Q-R7 3 4 N-N3 ( 3 4 R-N7 R-B2 ! ) ,
1 48 . Tal-Spasski
for Black can easily free his queen b y the
manoeuvre 34 . . . P-K5 35 Q-B4 N-N 5 .
The text-move allows White a certain
initiative.
3 3 R·KR4 N·B 3
Black can cover all his endangered

points without any undue difficulty
KN 3 with the queen and if necessary
KR 3 with the knight. The extra pawn is
quite sound, so White must endeavour to
complicate the game as best he can.
29 Q-K2 ?
34 N·B 3 Q·Kl
The decisive mistake, after which
White loses a pawn. Tai obviously realized Not 34 . . . Q-B l 35 N-N5ch K-Nl 36
this, but was of the opinion that he Q-B4ch P-Q4 37 RxQP. With the Black
would then attain a king-side atta ck, the queen on K l , however, White's device is
reasoning behind the moves 26 Q-QB4 not possible, for the square KB2 is
and 27 R-QR4. The correct continuation covered after 37 . . . NxR 38 QxNch
was 29 PxP PxP 30 N-R4! , preventing the K-R l . Even 37 . . . PxN 38 R-Q8dis ch
enemy pawn advance, e.g. 30 . . . P-B 5 ? Q-B2 (or 38 R-Q7dis ch R-B 2) is
3 1 Q-K4ch K-Nl 3 2 Q-Q5 ch R-B2 3 3 possible.
N-N6 threatening 3 4 N-K7ch, o r 3 0 . . .
35 R-Kl
P-K 5 3 1 B-Q4, etc. In view of this Black
would probably have played 30 . . . N-B 3 . An indirect attack on the queen, thus
preventing a Black pawn advance in the
29 PxP
centre, e.g. 35 . . . P-Q4? 36 BxP! BxB 3 7
3 0 RxKP Q·N 2 !
RxP followed b y 38 N-N5 ch.
3 1 N-Q2
A continuation that is not as strong as
Tai obviously thinks that taking the it looks is 35 Q-B4 (threatening 36
QNP will cost Black too much time. A N-N 5 ch). Black replies with 35 . . . N-R4!
Candidates ' Tournament 1965 213
gaining a tempo by attacking the knight 1 49 . Tal-Spasski
on KB6.
35 . . . Q·Q2 !
36 P·N4!
White's attack has now reached its

climax. The line 36 N·N 5ch K-Nl 37
QxNP is not good because o f 3 7 . . . PxN.
Black cannot take the KNP , e.g. 3 6 . . .
NxP? 3 7 N-N5ch K-N l 3 8 QxNP! PxN 3 9
Q-R7ch K-B 2 40 Q-R5ch, etc. Tal's mis
fortune in this position is that he does
not really threaten anything, for 3 7 Position after Black's 4 l st move
P-KN5 can b e answered by 38 . . . N-R4! An interesting try. Tai realizes that he
and 39 RxN by Q-N5 ch. will have to give up the exchange ; but it is
36 . . . QR-Kl ! nevertheless his best chance.
Now Black has a threat, P-K5 , and if 47 P.Q4!

White takes the QRP, Black can capture 48 RxP R-N 8ch
the KNP. 49 K·N2 N·B5ch
BxB 50 RxN RxR
37 BxP! ?
N-R4 51 RxP KxP
38 P·N 5
One of the commonest characteristics White has a pawn for the exchange and
of important games is that the player an active position as well. However, his
with a distinct advantage usually chooses pawn structure has so many weaknesses
the safest, rather than the shortest, way that he will not be able to defend all of
to win. With this move and the next one, them.
Spasski forces an exchange of queens,
52 R·K6 R·K8
which leaves him with a won ending. 53 P-B 3 R·K6
There was, however, a q uicker, though 54 RxRP R(K6)xP
more complicated, win, viz. 38 . . . P-K5 55 R·B6 R-Q.R6
39 RxBch K-N2 40 PxNch RxP 41 RxKP 56 N·N 3 R·R7ch
RxR 42 QxR KxR 43 Q-R4ch K-N2 44 57 K-N l
N-N5 Q-B4! ere.
Not 5 7 K-R 3 ? K-N4, and White loses
39 PxB Q-B4! at once.
40 QxQ RxQ
N-B 5 57 R(B 5)-B7
41 N·Q2
58 N-B l R-B2
The game was adjourned at this stage, 59 N·K3 K·N4
and the great surprise was that Tai was R-K2
60 P·R6
able to hold out for another thirty moves
61 N·B l K·R3 !
fro m a position that looked hopeless.
Bringing about a n interesting zug
42 N-K4 R-QN l zwang position. After 62 R-KB6 R-K8
43 N·N 3 R(B4)-B l 63 R-QB6 R(R2)-R8 64 R-KB6 R ( K l )-Bl
44 N·K4 N-K3
the QBP is lost .
45 P-Q.B4 R-N7
46 R·Ql R-B4 62 P-R 3 K·N2
47 P.B 5 ! ? 63 P-R4 K·B2
2 14 Pacbman 's Decisive Games.
64 P-RS PxP 68 K-Rl R- R S
65 R-R6 R-K4 69 P-R7 RxNch
66 R-R7ch K-N3 70 K-R2 R-QRS
67 RxBP R-N4ch Resigns
44 Capablanca Memorial
Tournament� Havana JI 965
Boris lvkov' s Misfortune
The fourth Capablanca Memorial Tourna easier opponents than his rivals, having to
ment, which took place from August. to face Garcia from Cuba and Robatsch
September 1 9 6 5, was responsible for from Austria, whereas Smyslov and Geller
quite a sensation. Bobby Fischer had had to play each other in the penultimate
been invited to the tournament, but did round. For Ivkov to win the tournament
not receive the necessary permission to it looked as though two draws would
travel ; so the organizers arranged for him suffice, which no one considered particu
to participate in an extraordinary way. A larly difficult.
teleprinter was ins,t:alled in the tourna In the penultimate round, however,
ment hall in the Havana hotel, estab the situation took a turn for the worse.
lishing communication for seven hours a lvkov's opponent played the opening very
day with the Manhattan Chess Club in weakly, and it looked as if everything
New York. At the same time a telephone would be over within two hours.
line was reserved. In this rather expensive Although Garcia then defended stub
way Fischer was enabled to compete with bornly, lvkov was the exchange and three
the stars gathered together at this tourna pawns up shortly before the first time
ment. Of course, the American player was check, so that victory seemed imminent.
handicapped by the longer playing session There remained only one hurdle, that of
resulting from the time wasted in trans completing the required forty moves
mitting the moves, and that is one reason before the time-check. In time-trouble he
why he lost to three of his chief rivals. threw away the game, which from the
The o nly players to remain undefeated position in Diagram 1 50 continued 36 . . .
were the Soviet representatives Geller and P-Q.6 ? ? 3 7 B-B 3 Resigns.
Kolmov, whereas Smyslov, the winner,
1 50. Garcia-Ivkov
and the Yugoslav grandmaster Ivkov, who
shared second to fourth places with
Fischer and Geller, both suffered three
losses.
For Ivkov, who shared second place in
such a strong field, the tournament was
certainly a fine success. However, he will
always remember it as one of the black
spots in his career, for he was within an
ace of an even greater success. Right from
the start he went into the lead, which he
maintained even after his loss to Kolmov Position after White's 36th move
in the fourteenth round. Two rounds
before the finish everything seemed to be Instead of the terrible blunder 3 6 . . .
cut and dried, the position being Ivkov P-Q6 , Ivkov could have won with almost
1 5 , G eller and Smyslov 1 4, Fischer and any move. His best course, tactically,
Kolmov 1 3 , etc. Moreover, Ivkov had would have been to move his rook back-
wards and forwards along the back rank Ivkov also had White in the last round
and wait for the adjournment. and it was expected that he would try to
In Smyslov's game with Geller, both make the most of this advantage. How
players exchanged one piece after the ever, it soon became clear that he was
other, so that at the end of the round the suffering from depression following his
ex-world-champion had reduced Ivkov's defeat in the previous game. In addition,
lead to half a point. Then he went on to his opponent had done some excellent
defeat the Polish player Doda by means preparation for the game and played the
of some accurate positional play. opening both accurately and in an
original manner.
1 5 1 . Smyslov-Doda
Ruy Lopez
lvkov Robatsch
1 P-K4 P-K4
2 N-KB 3 N-QB 3
3 B-N5 P-Q.R 3
4 B-R4 N-B 3
5 0-0 B-K2
6 R-Kl P-Q.N4
7 B-N 3 P-Q3
8 P-B 3 0-0
24 Q-B 5 ! QxQ
9 P-KR 3 N-QR4
2 5 NxQ B-B l
10 B-B2 P-B4
26 N ( B 3 )-R4 P-QR4
11 P-Q4 Q-B2
There was no way of avoiding the loss 12 QN-Q2 N-B 3
of a pawn, e.g. 26 . . . R-Kl 27 N-N6
The assessment of the individual
R-N l 28 N(N6)-Q7 BxN 29 RxB
opening variations often changes. The
R ( K l)-QB l 30 NxNP.
manoeuvre with the knigh t is one of the
oldest defences to the closed system of
27 N-N6 R-R2
the Ruy Lopez. Later it went out of
28 NxB RxN
fashion, but now it is again considered to
29 NxNP! RxN
be the best way of achieving equality.
30 BxN R-N3
31 B-Q7 R(B l )-N l 13 PxBP PxP
32 QR-B l N-Q4
14 N-Bl B-K 3
33 P-N5 P-N 3
15 N-K 3 QR-Ql
34 P-QR4 P-R4
16 Q-K2 P-B5
35 B-B6 P-R5
36 BxN PxB The revival of the move 12 . . . N-QB 3
37 RxP PxP 1s associated with this advance. Black
38 K-N2 P-B 3 gives his bishop access to the square QB4,
39 KxP PxP confident that he has nothing to fear
40 PxP K-B 2 from 1 7 N-N 5 P-R 3 18 NxB PxN, after
41 R-B7ch K-K3 which his active pieces make up for his
42 R(Q5)-B5 K-B4 weakened pawns. In the game Kolmov
43 R-B7 ch K-K5 Fischer, play continued 1 9 P-QN4? N-Q.5
44 R-KB4ch Resigns 20 PxN PxP 2 1 P-R3 P-Q6 22 BxP RxB,
Capablanca Memorial Tournament, Havana 1965 217
and Black soon had a considerable advan- 24 P-QN4 B-N 3
tage. 2 5 KR-QI ?
17 N-B 5 BxN White's whole strategy was based on

the occu pation o f K4, which lvkov now
Later games showed that 17 . . .
neglects. The correct continuation was 25
KR-Kl ! 1 8 B-N 5 N-Q2 is a more precise
N-K4 NxN 2 6 BxN after which White
,
way of attaining equality.

would still have had a slight advantage ,
18 PxB KR-Kl though probably not one that would have
sufficed for victory.
So far the continuation 18 P-R 3
1 9 NxP NxN 20 QxN B-Q3 2 1 Q-K2 25 . . . RxRch
KR-Kl , with chances of achieving 26 QxR
equality, has hardly been tried out in If 26 RxR, there follows 26 . . . P-K5 !
practice. After the text-move White can 27 NxKP NxN 28 BxN Q-K4.
retain the upper hand by 19 B N5 , e.g. 1 9
-
. . . N-Q4 2 0 B-Q2 o r 1 9 . P-R 3 2 0 BxN

. .
26 . . . Q-B 3 !
BxB 21 B-K4. Threatening to cut off White's line of
19 N-N5 ( ? ) retreat by 2 7 . . . P-K5 .
27 N-B 3 P.K5
28 N·Q4 Q·Q4
29 R·R6 BxN
30 QxB QxQ
31 PxQ R·N l
32 K·B l N·Q4
1 5 3. Ivkov-Robatsch
White's last move looks quite logical,

and indeed if he can manage to occupy
the square K4 permanently he will have a
clear advantage. Black, however, has an
interesting manoeuvre , which he ob
viously worked out before the game.
19 N-N l ! In the endgame White's pieces are so

2 0 B-K3 QN-Q2 unfavourably placed that he cannot save
2 1 P-QR4 N-B4 his pawn on QN4, which means that his
22 BxN opponent will get two united passed
pawns. The active position of his rook
Otherwise White fails to gain control will not be enough to save him.
over K4. However, there are now bishops
of opposite colours, which soon gives the 33 BxP NxP
game a drawish character. 34 R·R7 K·B l
3 5 P·Q5 R·Ql
22 BxB 36 P·B6 PxP
23 PxP PxP 37 P·B 3 NxP
Havana 1965
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Pts Prize
Smyslov 0 1lz 0 1/z 1/z 1;,. 1/z 0 1 5 1/z
2 lvkov 1lz 0 1;, 0 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z O 15 I I-IV
3 G eller 'lz 1lz 1;, 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 1;,
y, 'lz y, 15 II-IV
4 Fischer 0 0 0 1;, y, 1;, 1/z 1;, 1;, 15 J I - JV
5 Kholmov 1lz 1;, 1lz 1lz 1lz 1lz y, 1lz 1lz 1/z 1/z 1/z
'h 1 41/, v
6 Pachman 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 1;, 0 1lz 1lz y, 1lz 1lz 1lz 1lz 1lz 1/z 13 VI
7 Donner 0 0 1;, 0 1lz 0 1lz 1lz 1 1lz 1lz 1lz 1lz 1lz 1 2 1/z VII
8 Robatsch 1/z 1/z 0 y, 1 0 1/z 1;, 0 1lz 1lz 1lz 1lz 1lz y, y, 1 12 Vlll
9 Bilek 0 0 0 0 1lz 1lz 0 1lz - 1lz 1lz 1lz 'h 1lz M 1 1 1 1/z IX
10 Parma 1/z 1/z 0 1/z 1/z

1lz y, 1lz 1lz 1lz 1lz - 0 1 1lz 1lz 1 1lz 1lz 1lz y, 11 x
1/z 1;, 1;, 1/z 1/z 1/z 1;, 1/z
11 Szabo 0 0 0 0 y, 0 0 1 0 1� XI
12 Pietzsch 0 1/z 1/z 0 •;, 1/z 0 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z
0 0 y, 1 0 1/z XI
1 3 O 'Kelly 0 0 1;, 1;, 1/z 1/z 0 1/z 1/z 1/z •;, 1/z •;, 1/z 0 1/z 1/z 1;, 10
14 Tringov 0 0 1/z 0 0 1/z y, 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z

0 0 y, 10
1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z •;, 1;, 1/z
1 5 J imenez 0 0 0 0 y, y, 0 •;, •;, •;, •;, 9 1;,
16 Ciocaltea 0 1/z •;, 1/z 0 1/z 1/z 1;, 0 1/z 0 1/z 1/z 1/z 1;, 1/z
0 0 9
17 Doda 0 0 0 0 1/z 0 l!z 1/z 0 1/z 1;, 0 0 1/z 1/z 1/z

0 8
18 Lehmann 0 0 0 0 y, •;, 1/z 1;, 0 1/z 1/z 1/z y, 0 1/z 0 •;, 1/z 0 7 1/z
19 Wade 0 0 1/z 1/z 1/z 0 'lz 1/z 0 0 0 1/z 1/z 0 1/z 1/z
0 0 7'1z
20 Cobo 0 0 0 0 0 0 1;, 0 0 1/z 0 0 1/z 0 1/z 0 1/z 1/z 1/z S liz
2 1 Perez 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/z 0 0 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 1/z 0 0 4

0
22 Garcia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/z 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1/z 4

Capablanca Memorial Tournament, Havana 1965 219
38 R-N7 P-84 47 B-85 P-N 7 !
39 B-Nl P-NS 48 P-R 5 P-N8=Q
40 K-82 P-8 5 49 BxQ NxB
41 BxP P-N6 50 K-K2 R-B7ch
42 P-N4 N-86 5 1 K-Ql N·R6
43 R·N4 R-Q7ch 5 2 R-R4 R-Q.R7
44 K·Kl R-Q8ch 5 3 P-N5 P-86
45 K-82 R-QB8 ! 54 P-R6ch K·Rl
5 5 R-R8ch K·R2
Now Black's QBP is indirectly pro-
56 R-KB 8 P-B 7ch
tected ( 46 RxBP? N-Q8ch) , which means
57 K-Q2 R-R8
the end of all White's hopes.
58 RxPch K·N l
46 P-R4 K-N2 Resigns
45 Santa Monica 1 9 66
Contest between Two Aspirants for the Chess Crown
Three years after the first Piatigorsky Ruy Lopez

tournament, which was financed from an
endowment made by Piatigorsky 's wife, Fischer Spasski
the second one took place-at Santa
1 P-K4 P-K4
Monica in July and August 1966. This
2 N-KB 3 N-QB 3
time the participants, whose number h ad
3 B-N5 P-QR3
been increased to ten, included Bobby
4 B-R4 N-B 3
Fischer, who thus had an opportunity to
5 0-0 B-K2
cross swords with the world champion,
Petrosian, and the challenger, Spa�ski. At 6 R-Kl P-Q.N4
the start all three were regarded as favour 7 B-N 3 0-0
ites, but soon Petrosian , who was in poor 8 P-QB 3 P-Q.4
form, dropped behind, losing three times
In view of the state of the tournament,
and finally sharing sixth and seventh
it must have been clear to Spasski that a
places. His two defeats at the hands of
draw here would suffice. His choice o f
Larsen were a bitter pill for him. Larsen
opening may therefore appear surprising.
himself dropped out of the running after
For some time, however, the Marshall
losing in the tenth, twelfth and thirteenth
Attack has lost its reputation of being a
rounds. The struggle for first prize gradu
two-edged counter-attack. It is now
ally developed into an exciting contest
customary for Black to handle it in a
between two players, Spasski and
decidedly positional manner. As a rule his
Fischer.
attack on the king's wing is held up, but
Fischer suffered three defeats in the as compensation he obtains active play
sixth, seventh and eighth rounds, and it for his pieces and generally also secures
looked for a while as if he was out of the the advantage of the two bishops. Spasski
running, for Spasski was 2'f.z points ahead quite rightly reasons that, against an
of him. However, the American grand opponent of Fischer 's type, the best
master regained lost ground by four policy is to have the initiative. From this
straight victories in rounds 10 to 1 3 and point of view the choice of opening is
two more in rounds 15 and 16. Two correct. It is interesting to note that, in
rounds before the end Fischer and the 1 9 6 5 Capablanca Memorial Tourna
Spasski shared the lead with 10 points ment, Fischer did not succeed in winning
each , 1 'f.z points ahead of Larsen, Portisch against either Wade or O 'Kelly when they
and Unzicker. In the last round but one played the Marshall Attack.
the two leaders met for the second time,
9 PxP NxP
and it was to be expected that Fischer,
10 NxP NxN
playing White, would make a big effort to
11 RxN P-Q.B 3
win, for he knew that he would have a
12 P-N3
difficult job with Black against Petrosian
in the last round, whereas Spasski would With this move White prevents the
have White against Donner. usual develo pment of the Black pieces
Santa Monica 1966 221
( 1 2 P-Q4 B-Q3 1 3 R-Kl Q-R 5 ) . The 15 P-B4!
system was adopted for the first time in 16 PxP Bx8P
the game Fischer-O'Kelly, mentioned 17 QxQ QRxQ
above, which continued 1 2 . . . B-B 3 1 3 18 8(81)-84 P-R3
R-Kl R-R2 1 4 P-0.4 R-K2 1 5 RxR QxR 19 N-R3 P-N4
1 6 BxN PxB 1 7 B-K3 R-K l 1 8 N-0.2 20 8-K3
B-R6 1 9 Q-B 3 Q-K3 20 R-Kl B-N5 2 1 I f 2 0 B-K5 , Black can occupy the
Q-N2 B-R6 2 2 Q-B 3 B-N5 2 3 Q-R l seventh rank with a rook ( 20 . . . R-Q7 ) ,
P-KR4. Black later got the upper hand which guarantees him adequate counter
thanks to his two bishops. pla y.
The disadvantage of the move 12 P-N 3
20 8x8
is that it wastes an important tempo and
21 Rx8 R-Q7
also weakens the king 's side.
22 N-82 R-Kl
23 RxRch NxR
12 . . . N-B 3
.
24 N-K3 8-86
Preparing P-B4. According to Spasski 25 8-82 N-Q3
1 2 . . . B-Q3 1'3 R-Kl Q-0.2 followed by Threatening 2 5 . . . N-B 5 .
14 . . . Q-R6 is also possible, with the
intention of reaching a position akin to 26 P-N3 K-81
that arising from the variation 12 P-0.4 27 P-QR4 N-K5
B-Q3. 28 8xN 8x8
29 PxP PxP
1 3 P-Q4 B-Q3 30 P-QN4 R-N7
31 P-N4 K-N 2
Spasski originally intended to play 1 3
32 K-81 K-8 3
. . . P-B4 at once, but then rejected it on
33 R-R5
account o f the reply 14 B-N 5 .
Now Black can force a draw by repeti
1 4 R-Kl B-KN5 tion. There is no way White can improve
1 5 Q-Q3 his position , for the enemy rook can
thwart all attempts to win .
White does not want to weaken his
king's side any further by 1 5 P-B 3 . By 33 R-N8ch
moving his queen , however, he loses 3 4 K-K2 R-N7ch
another tempo and allows Black to get 3 5 K-81
active without fear of an exchange of Drawn
queens. As expected the game m the final
round between Petrosian and Fischer
1 54. F ischer-Spasski
ended in a straightforward draw. Spasski ,
on the o ther hand, made the most of his
chances and thus won first prize in the
tournament.
Ruy Lopez
Spasski Donner
1 P-K4 P-K4
2 N-K8 3 N-QB 3
3 8-N5 P-QR3
4 B-R4 N-B 3 Here S passki rejected 16 PxP N(Q2)xP
5 Q-K2 17 NxN NxN 18 N-B5 in view of the
queen sacrifice by 18 . . . BxN! 19 RxQ
At the beginning of his career Spasski
R(R l )xR , which gives Black active play
was very fond of this move. Now, in this
with his pieces.
important match, he returned to his "first
love", as he called it. 16 Q-B l
1 7 P-B4 NxP
5 P-QN4 18 N(N3)xN PxN
6 B-N3 B-K2 19 P-KS B-B l ?
7 0-0 0-0
I t is well known that exchanging
8 P-B 3 P-Q.4
pieces o ften eases a cramped position.
This push forward in the centre seems For that reason 19 . . . B-K2 was called
to give White greater chances than the for. Black does indeed adopt this idea
quiet 8 . . . P-Q3 . After the text-move, two moves later, thoug� only after
however, White should avoid 9 PxP P-K 5 wasting an important tempo.
10 PxN B-KN5 , which gives Black excel
20 RxP P-B 3
lent counter-play .
21 R-R4 B-K2
9 P-Q3 ! P-Q5 1 5 5 . Spasski-Donner
10 R-Ql !
An innovation. Until this game the

usual continuation was 10 PxP NxQP 1 1
NxN QxN 1 2 B-K3, which allowed Black
to equalize by 1 2 . . . Q-0.3 1 3 R-Ql
B-K 3 .
10 . . . B-K3
Spasski considers this move to be

wrong, because it allows White to occupy
QN 3 with his knight, and recommends 10
22 BxB ( ? )
. . . B-Q2 instead. However, the bishop is
not well placed on Q2 . The fact is, With this move White loses a large part
Black's position lacks elasticity. of his advantage. The correct continu
ation, subsequently pointed out by
11 QN-Q2 R-Kl Spasski, is 22 Q-B2 ! N-B l (22 . . . P-R 3 ?
1 2 BxB PxB 2 3 RxP) 2 3 BxB RxB 2 4 N-N5 P-R 3 25
1 3 N-N 3 PxP N-K4.
This allows White to obtain a strong 22 . . • RxB
centre, but it is difficult for Black to hit 2 3 N-NS P-R3
upon a suitable plan. If, for example, he The difference between this and the
tries to attain superiority on the queen's variation mentioned in the previous note
wing by 1 3 . . . P-QR4, White can reply is that Black is not forced to play the
with 14 PxP NxQP 15 N(N 3)xN PxN 1 6 passive N-KB l . As a result White's
P-QR4! penetration to Q6 with his knight will
lose much of its force.
14 PxP B-Q3
1 5 P-Q4 N-Q.2 24 N-K4 Q-B2
1 6 B-NS 25 N-Q6 R-Ql ?
Santa Monica 1966 223
This is an irreparable mistake, after According t o Spasski's analysis i n the
which Black's resistance will soon be tournament book the following lines are
broken down. It would have been much possible :
better to re-group by means of 2 5 (i) 3 1 . . . K-R l 32 R-Q8 R (K2)-Kl
Q-N 3 ! followed b y Q-B4 and N-N 3 . (32 . . . R ( K2 )-KB2? 33 N-Q6 ! ) 3 3 RxR
RxR 34 N-Q6 R-KB l 3 5 P-KB 5 ! PxP ( 3 5
2 6 R-Ql Q-N 3
. . . NxP 3 6 PxKP NxN 3 7 P-K7) 3 6
27 KR-Q4 R-KB l
NxBP R-KNl 3 7 Q-N6 Q-R5 3 8 R-Q8 ,
A clear indication that Black's rook etc.
was badly placed on QI. The continu (ii) 31 . . . K-R 2 ! 32 R ( Q4)-Q3 ! Q-N5
ation 27 . . . Q-B4 is not possible because 33 R-KN 3 R-Q2 34 R-KN l Q-K2 3 5
of 28 N-N 7 . Q-N6ch K-Rl 3 6 N-B6 ! RxN 3 7 PxR QxP
38 QxQ PxQ 39 PxP RPxP 40 R-K3 with
28 K·Rl Q·B4
a won ending. The alternative 32 . . .
29 P·B4 N·N 3
Q-N7 3 3 R-Q8 ! R ( K2)-KB2 ( 3 3 . . . RxR
30 N·K4! Q-R6
34 N-N5ch PxN 3 5 Q-R 5ch) 34 Q-R5 !
31 Q·N4!
R-B4 3 5 N·N5 ch K-Rl 3 6 RxRch RxR
1 56. S passki-Donner 37 NxP is also won for White.
31 PxP
32 N·B6ch K·Rl
33 R·QS R·QB2
The penetration of the White queen is

also decisive after 33 . . . R ( K2)-KB 2 .
3 4 Q·N6 PxN
3 5 QxBPch Resigns
There is no way of saving the queen,

Strangely enough Black has no e.g. 35 . . . K-N l 36 RxRch QxR 3 7
adequate defence to the coming attack. R-Q8, etc.
Santa Monica 1966

2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Pts Prize
1 Spasski 1 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 l l 'h I
2 Fischer 0 'h 0 1 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 0 1 1 1 'h 1 11 II
3 Larsen 'h 0 1 0 1 'h 'h 0 1 1 'h 1 1 'h 0 1 'h 0 10 III
4 Portisch 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 9'h IV, V
5 Unzicker 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 9'h IV, V
6 Petrosian 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 'h 1 9
7 Reshevsky 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 9
8 Najdorf 'h 'h 1 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'h 0 1 'h 'h 1 8
9 Ivkov 0 'h 0 0 1 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 6'h
10 Donner 'h 0 'h 0 'h 1 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'h 0 'h 0 6
Palma de Mallorca 1 9 6 7
A Cool Defence
The Spanish island resort of Palma de this round the position was a s follows:
Mallorca, one of the main centres of Larsen 1 1 'h, Botvinnik and Smyslov 1 0,
European tourism, has in the last few Gligoric B'h, Portisch 8, etc. In the next
years become well known for its strong round, two of the top favourites met in
international tournaments. The second of the following dramatic game.
the now traditional tournaments began
on 25 November 1967 after a rather Catalan System
dramatic series of events. The Ru ssian
players originally announced , for the Botvi nnik Larsen
tournament, Botvinnik and Suetin, were
1 P-Q.B4 N-KB 3
changed to Smyslov and Spasski just a
2 N-KB 3 P-K3
week before the tournament was due to
3 P-KN3 P-Q.4
begin . Then Spasski withdrew, and the
4 B-N2 B-K2
organizers hurriedly called in T atai and
5 0-0 0-0
Dr Lehmann. On the first day o f the
6 P-N3
tournament a telegram was received
saying that Botvinnik, together with Up to a short time ago this was not
Smyslov, would be arriving two days considered to be a particularly active
later. Thus at the last moment the tourna continuation. A number of games have
ment gained in interest , for a tough shown, however, that the system gives
struggle was expected between Larsen White good chances. His plan consists in
and the two Soviet representatives. The delaying the advance P-Q4 and the open
group of favourites also included the ing of the game until he has completed
Yugoslav grandmasters Gligoric and lvkov his development.
as well as the Hungarian Portisch.
6 P-B4
For a long time it looked as if there
7 B-N2 N-B 3
were not going to be a real struggle for
first place. Larsen began with a series of
After 7 . . . P-Q.5 , both 8 P-K3 and 8
five wins, and after the fifth round he had
P-Q.N4 are good.
a lead of one point over Ivkov and 1 'h
points over Botvinnik and Smyslov. 8 P-K3 P-QN 3
Smyslov lost his first game in the fourth
Advancing the pawn to Q5 is not good
round-with White against Donner-and
Botvinnik his first in the next game at this stage either, e.g. 8 . . P-Q5 9 PxP
.
PxP 10 R-K l , and Black has difficulty

against Damjanovic. Gligoric, playing
with the development of his queen 's side.
White, was the victim of an energetic
attack conducted by Larsen in the fifth
9 N-B 3 B-N2
round. Ivkov dropped out of the leading
10 P-Q.3
group after seven consecutive draws fol
lowed by a defeat at the hands of Larsen Another possibility is 1 0 PxP NxP 1 1
in the thirteenth round. At the end o f NxN QxN 1 2 P-Q. 4.
Palma de Mallorca 1 96 7 225
10 .. . R-8 1 1 57 . Botvinnik-Larsen
1 1 R-81 R-82
Larsen is generally reluctant to resolve

the tension in the centre, for that is the
kind of position he likes. Here, however,
1 1 . . . PxP 1 2 NPxP Q-B2 seems to be
the better continuation, though not, of
course, 1 2 . . . N-QN5 1 3 Q-N 3 ! ( 1 3 . . .
QxP 1 4 N-K5 or 1 3 . . . NxP 1 4 QR-Ql ).
12 Q-K2 R-QZ
1 3 KR-Q.1 R-Kl
Black should again have exchanged
pawns. elegant, and quicker, win by means of
the following combination : 21 N-B6ch
14 Px P NxP PxN 22 Q-N4ch K-R2 23 B-K4ch P-B4 24
Retaking with the pawn would not be R-Q7 ! (stronger than 2 4 BxPch PxB 2 5
so good, for White could then continue QxPch K-N l 2 6 Q-B6 N-K4) 2 4 . . . N-Ql
with 1 5 P-Q.4, threatening 1 6 PxP PxP 1 7 25 RxPch ! NxR 26 BxPch PxB 27 QxPch
N-QR4. K-N l 28 Q-N6ch or 24 . . . N-K2 2 5
RxN ! RxR 26 BxPch PxB 2 7 QxPch
1 5 NxN RxN
K-N l 28 Q-B 6 K-R2 29 P-KN4, and there
16 P-Q.4
is no way of preventing mate by 30
With this move White achieves some QR8ch K-N 3 31 Q-N8ch, etc.
initiative. Black cannot reply 16 . . . PxP
21 . . . P-84
because of 1 7 NxP NxN 18 BxN R-Q2 1 9
BxB RxB 2 0 BxKNP. After 2 1 . . . R-K2, White wins by 2 2
N-B6ch K-R l ( 2 2 . . . PxN 2 3 Q-N4ch) 2 3
16 . . . Q-Rl Q·B 2 PxN 2 4 BxPch K-Nl 2 5 Q-Ql .
T h e Black queen would not be particu 22 N-Q6?
larly well placed on the QB or Q files.
The attempt to do everything in this
However, Black now gives up control of
game by positional means could well have
the square QZ , thus enabling the White
cost Botvinnik an important half point.
rook to penetrate to the seventh rank.
The knight sacrifice on KB6 would again
17 PxP RxRch have won : 22 N-B6ch ! PxN 2 3 Q-R 5
18 RxR 8xP R-K2 24 Q-N6ch R-N2 2 5 RxR BxR 2 6
19 N-N5 ! P-KR3 BxN BxB 2 7 BxP Q-KB l 2 8 BxB Q-B2
20 N-K4 8-K8 1 ? (28 . . . QxB 2 9 QxKPch) 29 QxR P
winning or 24 . . . B-N2 2 5 B x N R x R 26
This natural-looking retreat, which BxR B-R8 2 7 BxPch K-Rl 28 P-B 3 BxP
defends the square KN2 , should have led 29 B (K6)xP, etc.
to a quick loss. The correct move is 20
. . . B-K2, after which Black can reply to 22 8xN
21 Q-N4 by P-K4. 23 Rx8(Q6) N-Q5 !
Larsen answers the unpleasant threat

21 R-Q.7 of 24 Q-B4 by simplifying. This loses a
This is sufficient to achieve a winning pawn, though not necessarily the game,
superiority. There was, however, a more for there are bishops of opposite colours.
2 4 RxN BxB 37 Q-B4ch QxQ
25 R-Q7 B-R6 38 PxQ K-B 3
39 B-Q4 P-R4
Not, of course, 25 . . . P-K4 26 Q-B4ch
40 P-R4 K-B 2
K-R l ( or R 2 ) 27 Q-KB7 , etc.
B lack is in zugzwang. As his b ishop is
26 P-B 3 R-Ql immobile he is forced to move his king,
27 RxNPch K-B l which allows his opponent to create a
28 R-R7 Q-Q4 passed pawn on the queen's side.
1 58 . Botvinnik-Larsen 41 P-B5 Px P
42 BxP K-B 3
43 B-N4 K-N 3
44 P-N4!
White needs another passed pawn,
which he can only obtain by means o f
this tactical break-through.
44 . . . RPxP
Or 44 . . . B PxP 45 K-N 3 K-R 3 46

P-K4 K-N3 47 P-B4, etc.
Now White has his problems, for if he 45 K-N3 P-K4

wins a second pawn by 29 RxKRP Black This eases White's task, though there
replies 29 . . . Q-Q8ch 30 K-B2 Q-KR8 3 1 was also a win after 45 . . . K-8 3 46 P-R 5
RxB R-Q8. Botvinnik therefore opts for K-N4 47 B-8 3 K-R 3 48 PxP PxP (48 . . .
an exchange of rooks. This, however, BxP 49 P-R4) 49 K-84 K-N4 5 0 K-N5
eliminates the mating threats, so that K-R 3 51 B-Kl K-N4 52 P-K4 K-R 3 5 3
Black has good drawing chances in view
P-K5 K-N4 5 4 K-86 K-R 3 5 5 B-N 3 .
of the bishops of opposite colours.
46 P-K4! PxKP
29 K-B2 Q-Q8 47 PxNP Resigns
30 R-R8ch K-B2
31 RxR QxR Larsen was obviously depressed by this
32 Q-B2 Q-Q.4! defeat . He drew with White against Toran
33 Q-B7ch K-Kl in the fifteenth round in 26 moves and
34 Q-N8ch? lost to another Spanish master, Medina,
in the next.
White would have some practical
chances with 34 B-Q4. After the text 1 5 9. Medina-Larsen
move, Black could have forced an
exchange of queens by the natural Q-Ql ,
leaving an endgame that could not have
been won, despite the fact that Black's
bishop is temporarily out o f play.
34 . . . K-QZ ?
In the time-scramble, Larsen makes a

mistake that loses.
35 QxRPch K-B l
36 Q-R6ch K-B 2 Position after Black's 2 4th move
Palma de Mallorca 1967 227
I t looks almost as if White could Smyslov 1 2 , Portisch 1 1 , Gligoric 1 0 , etc.
resign. Medina, however , finds a line Larsen's two rivals for first place had
which gives him some chances. difficult o pponents-Smyslov was to play
Gligoric and Botvinnik, Ivkov. Moreover,
25 QxR ! QxQ
they both had Black. As expected, the
26 RxN P-QR4?
two games ended in a draw (Botvinnik's
Black obviously underestimates his after a mere ten moves), so that victory in
opponent's threats. There were two ways the tournament hinged on the following
of winning in this position : game.
(i) 26 . . . P-N6 2 7 PxP PxP 28 B-Q5 ch
K-R l 29 R-B 3 P-N7 30 N-B l R-B4! I n King's Indian
this line the move 2 7 . . . P-N7 (instead of
27 . . . PxP) is not good on account of 28 �rsen Diez Corral
N-R 5 PxP 29 RxBch K-R l 30 R-QN7 1 N-KB3 N-KB3
PxN 3 1 B-K4. 2 P-QB4 P-KN 3
(ii) 26 . . . PxP 27 B-R 3 ( 2 7 N-R 5 3 N-B 3 B-N2
B-R 3) 27 . . . QxP, etc. 4 P-K4 P-Q3
27 PxP PxP 5 P-Q.4 0-0
28 B-Q5ch K-Rl 6 B-N5 B-N 5
29 R-B 3 !
Whereas the development of White's
White has suddenly got some strong bishop on KN5 is quite common, the
threats. If now 29 . . . P-N6, the reply is same move by Black is not recommended
30 N-K4 R-B4 3 1 R-R 3ch R-R4 3 2 by theory. The reason is that after the
RxRch PxR 33 R-K8ch K-R2 34 N-N 5 ch, exchange BxKN Black gives up an active
etc. bishop which could later play a useful
29 Q-B4 role on the king's side.
30 B-K6 B-B 3 7 B-K2 P-B3
31 R-Q.7 Q-B 8ch
32 K-N2 Q-Q7ch 7 . . . N-B 3 followed by N-Q2 would
33 K-R3 ? have been more in the spirit of the set-up
chosen by Black.
The right move was 3 3 K-Bl , leaving
the square KR 3 free for the rook. Black 8 0-0 QN-Q2
would then have had nothing better than 9 R-Kl
repetition of moves.
White has better chances with 9 N-Q2,
33 . . . Q-Q.8? for the knight is more active than the
This loses. The correct move was bishop once the centre is blocked.
3 3 . . . P-R 5 , and if 34 P-B5 then 34 . . . 9 BxN
P-N4. 10 BxB P-K4
34 B-Q5 ! P-R 5 11 P-Q5 P-KR3
35 P-B 5 ! B-K4 12 B-K3 P-B4
Or 35 . . . P-N4 36 K-N4, followed by 13 P-QR3 Q-KZ
K-R5-N6, to which there is no defence. 14 R-N l KR-Q.B l
It is not quite logical to remove the

36 PxP Resigns
rook from the king's wing. Stronger is 1 4
Before the final round the position . . . QR-QB l o r 1 4 . . . N-Kl followed by
was exciting : Botvinnik, Larsen and P-B4.
15 Q-Q3 P-B 3 NxB 25 RxN Q-R2 26 Q-KB 2 or 2 5
. . . RxP? 2 6 KxR Q-R 5 ch 2 7 K-Nl P-N6
White could instead have developed his
28 Q-K3 ! P-B5 29 R-N7ch, etc . , or 24 . . .
queen to Kl, thus preventing Black's
RxP? 25 KxR Q-R 5ch 26 K-Nl P-N6 2 7
subsequent manoeuvre with his knight.
K-B l ! N x B 28 Q-K 3 ! winning.
Larsen, however, sees no reason for avoid
ing the exchange of his bishop for a 23 . .
.
P-B 5
knight, since he will then have a "good" 24 B-QZ
bishop on K3 while his opponent remains
Now the pawn can no longer be taken:
with a passive one on KN2 .
24 BxP? NxB 25 RxN Q-R2 26 Q-B2
15 P-KR4 P-N6.
1 6 P-QN4 N-N5
24 . . . R-R l ( ? )
17 BxN PxB
1 8 Q-K2 A much better line i s 24 . . . PxP 2 5
PxP R-R 3 , after which Black would have
It is not quite clear why Larsen forces
had some drawing chances despite the
his opponent to play P-KB4, which was in
difficulties of defending his QNP .
any case part of the latter's" strategical
plan. However, in doing so he does not 2 5 Px P Q-R5
weaken his position , for Black has no real 26 P-N 3 !
chances on the king's wing.
The Spanish master had obviously
18 PxP only reckoned with 26 P-R 3 ? Q-N6! 2 7
19 RxP P-N 3 K-B l ( 2 7 K-R l RxPch ! 28 PxR R -R l ) 2 7
20 P-QR4 P-B4 . . . QR-R6 2 8 R-QB l (28 N-N5 ? RxP ! )
21 P-R5 K-B 2 ! ? 2 8 . . . N-B4, after which Black has the
22 RPxP RPxP threat of N-Q6 or N-N6.
1 60. Larsen-Diez Corral 26 PxP

27 Q-B 3ch K-K2
28 QxP QxQch
29 PxQ KR-R6
30 K-N2 QR-Rl
31 B-N 5 ch B-B 3
32 B-K3 RxPch
Or 32 . . . R-R7ch 3 3 K-B 3 R-QB7 34

N-R4 and Black cannot save his QNP.
33 KxR B-R5ch
34 K-N2 BxR
2 3 P-B 3
If White now had to protect his knight
With his 2 1 st move Black offered a
( 3 5 R-N 3) he would have to give up all
pawn to speed up his king-side play.
thoughts of winning. As it is, the exposed
Larsen, however, decides to proceed care
position of Black's king soon decides the
fully and play positionally, in order not
game.
to give his opponent any tactical chances
in such an important game, though it 35 B-N 5 ch K-B 2
looks as if he could have taken the pawn
without any danger : 2 3 BxP R-R l 24 Or 3 5 . . . N-B 3 36 RxP.
Palma de Mallorca 196 7 229
3 6 R-R4! 8xN 44 P-NS R-KB8ch
37 R-R7 R-Q.8 1 45 K-N2 R-K8
38 RxNch K-K l 46 K-82 K-82
39 RxP RxP 47 R-N7ch K-N 3
40 K-83 P·N4 48 P-Q6 R-Q.8
41 RxP P-NS 49 P-Q7 K-R4
42 R-QN6 R-QS SO K-K2 Resigns
43 8-K3 R-Q.8
Palma de Mallorca 1967
2 3 4 5 " 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 Pts Prize

1 Larsen 0 'h 1 1 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 13 I
2 Botvinnik 1 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 1 'h 1 0 'h 1 'h 1 12'h I I, III
3 Smyslov 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 1 0 'h 1 1 1 1 'h 1 1 12'h II, III
4 Portisch 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 1 l l 'h I V
5 Gligoric 0 0 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h y, 'h 1 1 1 'h 1 1 lO'h v
6 Ivkov 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 'h 10 VI
7 Marulovic 'h 0 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h 0 1 1 1 1 1 9 VII
8 Toran 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 1 'h 1 1 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 8'h V I I I , IX
9 Lehmann 0 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 1 'h 'h 81h V I I I , I X
10 Donner 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 1 'h 'h 0 0 'h 8
1 1 Diez Corral 0 0 'h 0 lf.i 'h 0 0 lh 'h 0 1 1 1 'h 1 1 8
12 O'Kelly 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 0 1 'h 'h 1 1/z 0 0 6 1/z
1 3 Medina 1 0 0 0 0 'h 1 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 6'h
14 Damjanovic 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 1 0 6
15 Tata! 0 'h 0 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 1 1 1 6
1 6 Bednarski 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 0 0 0 1 5 1/z
17 Calvo 0 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 'h 5 11.i
1 8 Jimenez 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 1 0 0 'h 5
47 Candidates� Tournament
1 9 68
A Hard Struggle and an Easy Victory
Two of the contestants in the first round it and spent the night analysing the game
of the 1 9 68 Candidates' Tournament and looking for wins he had missed.
were players of completely different Thus when the final and decisive game
styles. The Danish player Larsen simply took place Portisch 's nerves were in a
abounds in self-confidence and optimism ; very bad state. That is the reason why a
he avoids no risk and plays for a win even match that up to then had been even was
in bad positions. The Hungarian player ended by a game that looked as if it had
Portisch, on the other hand, i6 noted for been conducted by players of completely
the cool and obj ective way he assesses his different playing strengths.
chances; he likes clear and tidy positions,
especially favourable endings. He is very Vienna Game
strong in defence; he goes on the attack,
however, only after a thorough positional Larsen Portisch
assessment of the situation.
1 P K4
- P·K4
The match took place in the Yugoslav
2 N-Q8 3 N·Q8 3
coastal town of Poreci on the Adriatic.
3 8·84 N·83
Larsen was an odds-on favourite, and he
4 P·Q3 N·QR4
did nothing to hide the fact that he was
determined to win his way to the world Theory recommends 4 . . . B-NS 5
championship title. His forecast for the B·KNS P-KR 3 or 5 KN-K2 P-Q4.
match was S'!:z to 2'!:z in his favour. Portisch, however, had done well in the
However, he soon found himself facing eighth game with 4 . . . N-QR4 5 B-N 3 ?
tough resistance, and after the eighth NxB 6 R PxN P-Q4! 7 PxP B-QNS 8 N-83
gam e the match was all square, he having NxP 9 B-Q2 NxN 10 PxN B-Q3 , which
won the second and third games, Portisch gave him an advantage thanks to his two
the fourth and seventh. bishops.
In the ninth game Larsen very nearly
5 KN·K2!
paid a high price for his tremendous
optimism. In an even position he declined After the game some annotators re
his opponent's offer of a draw and then ferred to this move as an innovation.
went on incautiously to weaken his pawn However, the move had already occurred
position, with the result that he got into a in the game Schlechter-Steinitz in 1898,
lost ending. After the adjournment which continued 5 . . . NxB 6 PxN P-Q3 7
Portisch could have pressed home his 0-0 B-K3 8 P-QN3 P-8 3 9 Q-Q3 B-K2 10
advantage in several ways. However, B-N5 P-KR 3 11 BxN BxB 12 QR·Ql
fortunately for Larsen he played irreso B-K2 1 3 P-8 5 ! PxP 1 4 Q-N 3 with advan
lutely and gradually let the win slip away. tage to White. In that game Black would
The game lasted 77 moves and played have done better with 9 . . . P-Q4 ! 1 0
havoc with Portisch's nerves. It is BPxP P x P 1 1 PxP NxP 1 2 Q-N 5 ch Q-Q2
reported that he was unable to sleep after 1 3 QxQch KxQ 1 4 R·Ql K-8 3 and if
White had played 1 2 R-Ql then 1 2 . . . This is not a loss o f tempo, as some
NxN, etc. annotators critical of the move main
Larsen was obviously familiar with this tained. It is true that after 1 1 Q-K l
game-it often pays to study old books Black's queen is forced to retreat on
and hit on the idea of fianchettoing his account of the threat 12 N-Q5 . On the
queen's bishop to prevent his opponent other hand, White's queen is no better
from freeing himself by P-Q4. placed on Kl than on Ql .
5 . . . NxB 1 1 Q·Kl Q·B2

6 PxN B·K2 1 2 P-QR4 B·K3
The system of development adopted 1 2 . . . B-Q2 looks better, with the

by Steinitz-P-Q3 , B-K3 and P-QB 3-is intention of aiming at P-QN4.
more logical, for it threatens P-Q4. By 1 3 R-Ql P·QR 3
first playing his bishop to K2 Black loses 14 Q-K2 B·N5
an important tempo. 1 5 P-B 3 B-Q2
7 O·O P·Q3 After this m anoeuvre Black threatens
8 P·QN3 O·O 1 6 . . . P-QN4! 1 7 RPxP RPxP 18 PxP
PxP, for 19 NxP? ? is answered by 19 . . .
If 8 . . . B-K3 9 Q-Q3 P-B 3 , White has
Q·N 3ch. However , such a threat is easily
a good reply in 10 B-N5 transposing into
countered.
the Schlechter-Steinitz game mentioned
above. Now, however, White must look 16 K·Rl QR·N l ( ? )
for another way, for 9 Q-Q3 can be
It is not always good to stick stub
answered by the manoeuvre 9 . . . N-Q2
bornly to one's plan-here the prepara
followed by N-B4 and P-KB4.
tion of the advance of the QNP . After 1 6
9 N·N3 P·B 3 . . . KR-Ql ! White would only have a
10 B·N2 slight advantage, for the manoeuvre 1 7
N-B 5 has been deprived o f a lot o f its
That is the set-up prepared by Larsen. force: 1 7 . . . BxN 1 8 PxB P-Q4, etc. If
The bishop on QN2 is not brilliantly White instead plays 17 B-R 3 , the reply 17
placed. On the o ther hand, it stops Black . . . P-QN4 is strong. Larsen would there
from freeing himself and thus gives White fore probably have opted for 17 KR- K l ,
time to manoeuvre. preventing t h e freeing 1 7 . . . P·Q4.
1 6 1 . Larsen-Portisch 17 N-B 5 ! BxN
1 8 PxB KR-Kl
This move, which only makes sense if

Black has prospects of forcing P-Q4, was
universally condemned. Some annotators
recommended 18 . . . P·KN 3 , but this is
only a good plan if White is forced to
play PxP. As it is, the move would simply
weaken the long black diagonal
KR1-QR 8 ; e.g. 19 N-K4 PxP 20 NxNch
BxN 2 1 P-B4 KR-Kl 22 Q-R5 or 19 . . .
NxN 20 QxN with the threat of 2 1 P-B4.
A better plan for Black is 18 . . . KR-Ql
10 . . • Q·R4 followed by R-Q2 and QR-Ql .
2 32 Pach man 's Decisive Games
1 9 R-Q2 QR-Ql A tactical blunder, which loses
20 KR-Ql N-R4? material. Necessary was 22 . . . R-Q2
followed by R ( K l )-Ql .
A strange manoeuvre , after which
Black gets into a hopeless position. The 23 N-K4 P-Q4
knight is heading for KB 5 , a square on 24 BxB RxB
which it will be very much ·exposed to 25 Q-R4! R(K2)-Q2
attack. White can easily counter the 26 P-N 3 N-K7
tactical threat of 2 1 . . . B-N4 by attack When making his 22nd move Portisch
ing the QP. had overlooked the fact that 26 . . . PxN
fails to 27 QxRch! QxQ 28 RxR, etc.
21 B-R 3 ! N-B5 For the time being Black has suc
2 2 Q-B 2 Q-R4? ceeded in avoiding the loss of a piece (e.g.
27 RxN ? PxN) , but the knight on K7
162. Larsen-Portisch cannot escape. Moreover, the Black king
will soon come under fire.
27 P-B6! Q-N5
In order to answer 28 Q-N5 by 28 . . .

Q-B l .
2 8 Q-N4!
But now Black loses a whole piec e : 28
. . . P-KN 3 29 RxN and the reply 29 . . .
PxN is not possible because the rook on
Q2 is subjected to a double attack. Black
Position after Black's 2 4th move therefore resigned.
An Untitled Player Outstrips Ten Grandmasters
In a grandmaster tournament it is natural inconsistent; so a place half-way down

to look for the favourites among the the tournament table would have been
well-known title-holders. It is quite a quite a success for him in view of the
surprise for several grandmasters to be strong field. But at the age of twenty-five
edged out by an international master, one is ambitious!
though there are a number of examples of In the first round he adopted his
such an occurrence. But can it happen favourite opening, the King's Gambit,
that a player without a title at all can win against Matanovic and won in 28 moves
a strong tournament and beat several by means of a king-side attack. Then,
grandmasters? In the last few decades with the Black pieces, he defeated Barcza,
there is only one case I know of. who admittedly helped him to his victory
For the first Dr Vidmar Memorial by under-estimating him and trying to
Tournament, which took place m force the pace. After that there soon
Ljubljana from 2 to 20 June 1 9 69, the followed a defeat at the hands of
organizers managed to arrange a tourna Gligoric, who played in his relentless
ment that, according to the FIDE rules, , positional style. This set-b ack, however,
was classified as l A, the highest category. did nq t seem to affect Planinc. In the
Taking part were no less than ten grand tentl\. round he won a pretty game against
masters (of whom only one had not yet Unzick er, and in the next he attained the
had his qualification confirmed) and three necessary number of points for the title
international masters. Names like of international master. But he had his
Gligoric, Unzicker, Matanovic and eyes fixed on higher goals.
Gheorghiu are an indication that the high With one round to go Planinc was half
classification was not merely , a matter of a point ahead of Gligoric, though a tie
form. And it was from among these four seemed to be the most likely result, for
that the victor was to be exp ected . But Gligoric was to play the tail-ender,
things turned out completely differently. Stupica, while Planinc had a much more
Also taking part was a real amateur. A dangerous opponent in grandmaster
young man by the name of Albin Planinc, Gheorghiu. Many players in Planinc's
a turner by trade, who worked in the place would have been content with a tie
bicycle factory in Ljubljana, was prob and have used the advantage of the White
ably the only competitor who was unable pieces to obtain the necessary half point.
to take a day off to prepare for the As things turned out this would have
tournament. Right up until the start he been easy to achieve, for Gheorghiu
worked busily in the factory. He did not offered him a draw twice during the
possess an inteqiational title, although he game. The young player, however, had
was known as an attacking player who other ideas and first sacrificed a pawn in
often used the King's Gambit and sought an unclear position and then later made a
complicated combinations of the sort perfectly correct rook sacrifice. The
that had made Tai famous a few years game, which turned out to be one of the
previously. His results, however, were most beautiful of the tournament, gave
Planinc the final point, which caused a 10 Q·R4
great sensation in the world of chess. An 1 1 K-N l P·R3
unknown player had won first prize and
The move P-K3 is still not good for
had satisfied the standard for the award
Black; e.g. 1 1 . ,. P·K3 1 2 B xN PxB 1 3
of the grandmaster title-a title which he
N·Q5 ! QxQ 1 4 RxQ BxN 1 5 PxB P-K4 1 6
could not receive because the F I D E rules
B·Q3, and White should win the endgame
do not permit such jumps. A player first
despite the bishops of opposite colours.
has to be a master before he can become
a grandmaster. 1 2 8xN NPx8
1 3 P-84 0-0-0
14 P.KR4!
Sicilian
Proof that the Black king has not
Plan inc Gheorghiu found a safe retreat on the queen's wing.
White intends to get his rook into play
1 P·K4 P·Q84 against the king via KR 3 .
2 N·K8 3 P·Q3
3 P·Q4 PxP 14 . . . P·K3
4 NxP N·K83
5 N·Q8 3 P·QR 3 1 6 3 . Planinc-Gheorghiu
6 8·KN5 N·8 3
Black probably wants to avoid the

sharp main variation (6 . . . P·K 3 7 P-B4)
and transposes into the Rauser System ( 1
P-K4 P-QB4 2 N·KB 3 N-QB 3 3 P-Q4 PxP
4 NxP N-B 3 5 N-QB 3 P-Q3 6 B-KN 5 ) , in
which a set-up where Black avoids 6 . . .
P-K3 has become popular lately. How
ever, the usual continuation is then 6 . . .
B·Q2 followed by R-B l , NxN and Q-R4.
The fact that Gheorghiu has already
played P·QR 3 is a disadvantage in this Here Gheorghiu made his first offer of
set-up. a draw-we have not been able to find out
when he made his second. It now looks as
7 Q-Q2 8·Q2
if Black is threatening to win a pawn by
8 0-0-0
1 5 . . . P-N 5 , and the natural defence, 1 5
The usual continuation at the time was B-Q3 , would stop the intended rook
8 P-B4, but the text-move is more manoeuvre .
accurate. As we shall soon see, Black will
1 5 R-R 3 !
have difficulty in developing his king-side
pieces. This looks almost like a n oversight,
but the pawn sacrifice is quite sound .
8 P-N4
9 NxN 8xN 15 P·N 5
10 Q·K l 1 6 N K2
- ' 8xP
1 7 N-Q4 P-84?
This prevents 1 0 . . . P-K3 because of
1 1 P-K5 P-R 3 1 2 B-R4 P-N4 1 3 B-N3 The first mistake, which White does
N-R4 14 PxP NxB 15 RPxN BxQP 1 6 not properly exploit. Black's best move is
N-K4 with a clear advantage to White. 17 . . . B-Q4 ! , meeting the main threat of
Ljubljana 1969 235
18 R-QN 3 . White can, of course, then win QxB QxQ 25 RxQ BxNP with an even
back his pawn by 1 8 R-QR 3 as in the endgame.
game, but he gets nothing more than
1 64. Planinc-Gheorghiu
equality.
18 R-QR 3 ?
Immediately after the game Planinc

pointed out that 1 8 R-QN 3 ! was much
stronger. If then 1 8 . . . P-Q4, White
replies with 19 P-QR 3 and Black's queen
side falls to pieces. A more interesting
line is 1 8 . . . B-Q4 1 9 RxP QxPch 20
K-B l , when Black, despite his extra
pawn , is in a poor position for his
opponent threatens Q-B 3ch. If Black then
plays 20 . . . K-Q2, there follows the
surprising continua"tion 21 Q-B 3 R-B l 22 21 QxP! BxN ?
N-B 6 ! R-R2 23 R-N7ch K-K l 24 R-N8
Again Black thinks his opponent has
RxR 25 NxR , and if 20 . . . Q-R8ch , then
overlooked something. The combination,
21 K-Q2 Q-R4 22 K-K 3 , threatening to
however, has been accurately calculated.
win the queen by 23 R-N8ch.
Black's only chance of salvation lay in 2 1
18 Q-B4 . . . QxQ 2 2 RxQ BxNP.
1 9 BxPch K·Q2 22 QxB BxBPch
20 R-QN 3 B·KN 2? 2 3 K·Rl BxR ( Q8 )
Gheorghiu does n o t want to waste Black has to go ahead, for trans-

time on defensive moves and relies on his position into an endgame would not help
counter-attack against QB 7 . The correct him, e.g. 23 . . . QxQ 24 R-N7ch K-B 3 2 5
move, however, was 20 . . . R-QN l ! , after RxQ P-Q4 (answering the threat o f 2 6
which Black is quite safe, e.g. 2 1 P-R 3 R-B 4ch) 2 6 RxB P or 24 . . . K-Kl 2 5
B-KN2 22 PxP Q-Q4 23 Q-Q2 BxN 24 RxQ R-KNl 26 P-R4.
Ljubljana 1969
2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1 6 Pts Prize
1 Planinc 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 lO'h I
2 Gligoric 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 10 II
3 Unzicker 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 9'h III
4 Tringov 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 9 IV
5 R. Byrne 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 8 'h V, VI
6 Matanovic 0 'h 'h 'h 'h - 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h •n 8% V, V I
7 Gheorghiu 0 'h 'h '/2 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 1 8 VII, VIII
8 Puc 'h 0 0 'h '/2 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 8 V I I, V I I I
9 Barcza 0 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 1 7
10 Damjanovic 'h \12 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 7
1 1 Parma 'h \12 0 'h 'h 'h 0 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 7
12 Musil 0 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 6'h
1 3 Robatsch 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'ii 'h 6'h
14 B ajec 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 5'h
1 5 Forintos 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 1 5'h
16 Stu pica 0 0 0 0 0 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 3
2 4 R-N7ch K-8 3 RxR leads to mate in one. Preceding the
25 Qx8 R-QN l exchange of rooks by checking does not
help either, for Black then loses his
The unfortunate position of the Black
queen, e.g. 28 . . . Q-B8ch 29 K-R2 RxR
king makes an adequate defence impos
30 QxRch K-B4 31 Q-B7ch or 28 . . .
sible. There was the threat of 26 Q-R4ch Q-N8ch 29 K-R2 RxR 30 QxRch K-B4
K-Q4 27 R-N5 , and if 25 . . . P-Q4, then
3 1 Q-R7ch, etc.
26 Q-R4ch K-Q3 27 B-Q3 Q-B 8 ch 28
B-N l Q-B 5 29 Q-R7, etc . 28 . . . Q-R4
26 Q-R4ch K-Q4 White does not have to take the rook

27 Q- N 3 ch K-8 3 at once. A typical queen manoeuvre wins
28 P·R 3 ! the decisive tempo.
A pretty conclusion. The Black rook 29 Q-82ch Q-84

cannot leave the square QN l because of 30 Q·R4ch K-Q4
29 Q·R4ch K·Q4 30 R-N 5 , while 28 3 1 Q-N 3ch Resigns
49 Skopje 1 97 0
Are Combinations Justified in the Last Round ?
We have already mentioned that the last The Soviet grandmaster Taimanov
round is enveloped in a special type of played in great style, going through the
atmosphere which tends to produce bad tournament undefeated and chalking up
mistakes rather than good games. I per wins against such redoubtable opponents
sonally have ruined my chances in the last as Gligoric and Gheorghiu. His fellow
round of many a tournament, mainly countryman Vasjukov dropped back after
through going in for complications and losing to Gligoric but then brought off a
trying to bring off combinations that series of victories against players in the
were incorrect. I •can recall the inter lower half of the table. Nevertheless with
national tournament at Trencianske 1 0 points he was still half a point behind
Teplica in 1 949, where I was in the lead Taimanov at the start of the last round.
up until near the end. Then in the last The race was between these two, for
round but one I lost with White to Gheorghiu with 9 Yi points was virtually
Rossolimo through trying too hard for a out of the running. In the last round
win, so that I was caught by St ahlberg. In Taimanov was pitted against Browne,
the last round t he latter wisely went in whereas Vasjukov had a tough opponent
for a quick draw, whereas I, because of in Matanovic , a player who very rarely
my youth, played in a wild fashion loses. In these circumstances the wisest
against Golombek, even sacrificing a course for Taimanov seemed to be to take
piece. As a result of losing the game I no risks and be content with a draw, for
ended up half a point behind St ahlberg. the encounter Vasj ukov-Matanovic
At the time, a friend of mine said to me, would probably end the same way. But it
"Never go in for a combination in the last did not turn out like that, for Vasjukov
round." This advice, of course, goes too produced one of the finest games of the
far, as several of the games in this book , tournament.
including the next one, show. The
question posed at the head of th is chapter Ruy Lopez
can therefore be answered in the affirma
tive . It is all right to go in for a Vasj ukov Matanovic
combination in the last round, provided
the combination is sound. 1 P-K4 P-K4
2 N KB 3 N QB 3
Our next drama is again set in Yugo
- -
3 B-N5 P·QR 3
slavia. The Macedonian capital, Skopje,
4 B-R4 N-B 3
has been the venue of several important
5 0-0 B-K2
tournaments in recent years. They are
6 R-Kl P-QN4
called "tournaments of solidarity " to
7 B N3 P-Q3
commemorate the great earthquake . The
-
8 P B3 0-0
fourth such tournament, which took
-
9 P-Q4
place in J une 1 9 7 0 , bro ught together ten
grandmasters, four international masters This variation has not been subjected
and two national masters. to the same amount of analysis as 9
P-KR 3 . As this game shows it can there passive position in which his bishop on
fore produce innovations. KR4 is a strategical weakness.
9 8-N5 16 N-N 3 8-N 3

10 P-Q5 N-QR4 1 7 N-R4! 8-81
1 1 P-KR 3 18 P-R4
And here we have one. It is not always The move P-QR4 occurs quite fre
necessary to prevent the "Spanish" quently in the Ruy Lopez and is generally
bishop from being exchanged. After the given an exclamation mark by annotators
logical reply 1 1 . . . NxB 1 2 PxN B-Q2 1 3 -even in this case. Here, however, it is
P-B4 Black's two bishops are of no real doubtful whether such an assessment is
importance, which, of course, does not correct, for the opening of the game on
mean that he would be unable to attain the queen's wing gives Black so me
equality. counter-play. A more consistent, and
stronger continuation is 18 N(R 4)-B5
11 8-R4
followed by 19 P-KR4.
This involves a slight con�ession, for 18 N-Q2
the bishop is rarely well placed on KR4 in 1 9 N(R4)-85 N-N 3
this variation.
This removes an important piece from
12 8-82 P-8 3 the defence of the king's side. The
1 3 PxP Q-82
immediate 19 . . P-B 3 followed by B-B2
.
Better than 1 3 . . . NxBP, 14 B-N5 , by was worthy of consideration .

which Black loses control of the square
20 PxP PxP
Q4. After the text-move 14 B-N 5 is not
21 P-R4 P-8 3
good on account of 14 . . . N-B 5 .
22 P-R5 8-82
1 4 QN-Q2 QxP( ? ) 23 Q-N4 K-Rl
24 N-R4! N-N6
This move i s only good when White
25 8xN 8x8
has delayed P-KR 3 , so that Black can
play B-K 3 ; e.g. 1 1 B-B2 P-B 3 1 2 PxP 1 6 5 . Vasj ukov-Matanovic
Q-B 2 1 3 P-KR 3 B-K 3! 1 4 QN-Q2 QxP !
The game then resembles a Sicilian in
which Black has good prospects on the
open QB file. In such a set-up it is not
good to have the bishop on KR4 as is the
case here . Black therefore should have
played 1 4 . . . NxP and then aimed at
P-Q4, e.g. 1 5 N-B l QR-Ql 1 6 N-N3 ( 1 6
N-K 3 P-Q4! 1 7 NxQP NxN 1 8 PxN
P-B4! ) 1 6 . . . B-N 3 1 7 Q-K2 P-Q4 ! ? 1 8
PxP BxB 1 9 PxN B-Q6 20 QxP B-Q3 and
Black has considerable pressure for the
26 N-N6ch!
pawn sacrificed.
15 N-81 KR-Kl Now White's plan is clear. One knight

on KN 6, the other on KB 5 .
The freeing advance is no longer
feasible because the pawn on K4 is 26 K-N l
unprotected. Black is thus forced into a 27 N-85 !
Sk opje 1 9 70 239
White does not even need to bother 1 66. Vasjuk ov-Matanovic
about his rook on QR l , for after 27 . . .
RxR 28 N-R6ch ! PxN 29 NxPdis ch the
Black queen is lost.
27 . . . Q-B2
For the time being everything is

covered. White should now avoid 28
N-R 6ch? PxN, for none of the discovered
checks can harm Black.
28 B-K 3 RxR
2 9 RxR N-R5 Position after White's 3 1 st move
The position still does not look too
bad for Black , for all his weak points are . . . Q-N2 allows the combination that
covered and White has no more pieces to occurs later in the game, viz. 32 RxB !
throw into his king-side attack. But now PxR 3 3 N-R6ch ! PxN 34 N-K7dbl ch.
there comes an ingenious sacrifice of two Apart from the move played the only
pawns. other plausible alternative is 3 1 . . . N-B4
32 P-QN 3 ! BxP 3 3 NxB RxN ( 3 3 . . .
30 P-QB4 BxP KxN? 3 4 NxQP) 3 4 BxN PxB 3 5 RxP!
It is understandable that Black is Q-R2 ( 3 5 . . . Q-N2 36 RxNP or 3 5 . . .
reluctant to have his bishop on QN 6 cut Q-Q2? or Q-KB 2 ? 3 6 N-R6ch) 3 6 N-R6ch
off from the defence of the king's side. K-R l 37 R-B8 Q-R6 ( 3 7 . . . Q-K2? 3 8
Nevertheless 30 . . . PxP would have been QQ7 ! ) 3 8 R-B7 winning.
better, to which White would have replied
31 NxP
3 1 P-KN3 followed by K-N 2 , R-KR l and
32 B-N6! !
P-R6 !
The culmination of a combination
3 1 R-QB l !
which resembles a study. If now 32 . . .
The bishop is now pinned and there is QxB, White wins by 3 3 NxB Q-B2 34
the threat of 32 P-QN 3 . Unpinning by 3 1 N-Q7 ! QxN 3 5 N-R6ch.
Skopje 1970
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Pts Pri ze
1 Taimanov 'h 1 1 'h 1 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h Y.i 1 1 1 11 I, II
2 Vasjukov 'h 'h 'h Y.i 'h 0 1 1 1 1 1 Y.i 1 1 1 11 I , II
3 Gheorghiu 0 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 1 'h 'h 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 III
4 Marovic 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h Y.i Y.i 'h 1 1 1 Y.i 1 9 IV
5 B alaschow 'h 'h 'h 'h Y.i 0 'h 'h 1 1 Y.i 'h 0 1 8'h v
6 Forintos 0 'h 1 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 'h 'h 1 'h Y.i 0 Y.i 8 VI - V III
7 Gligoric 0 'h 'h 1 'h 'h Y.i 'h 'h 'h Y.i 'h Y.i 'h 8 VI-V III
8 Matulovic 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 \12 'h 'h 'h 'h 1 1 8 VI-VIII
9 B rowne 'h 0 'h 'h Y.i 0 'h 0 Y.i 1 0 'h 1 1 1 7'h
10 Matanovic 'h 0 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h Y.i Y.i 'h 'h 1 1 7 'h
1 1 Reshevsky 'h 0 0 'h 0 Y.i 'h 'h 0 'h 1 1 'h 1 'h 7
12 J anosevic 'h 0 0 0 'h 0 'h 'h 1 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 'h S Y..
1 3 Sofrevski 'h 'h 0 0 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 'h 0 'h 0 'h 'h 5 'h
14 B arczay 0 0 0 0 1 Y.i 'h 'h 0 'h 'h 'h 1 0 0 5
1 5 Nicebski 0 0 0 'h 0 1 'h 0 0 0 0 'h Y.i 'h 4'h
16 Panov 0 0 0 0 0 'h 'h 0 0 0 'h 'h Y.i Y.i -
4
32 . . . Q-N 2 37 QxPch K-K3
3 3 Rx8 ! 38 QxQ Nx8
39 QxN P-84
White has carried out his plan . The
40 QxNP R-Ql
bishop must now be eliminated to 41 Q-Q5ch K-8 3
prevent it going to K8 2. 42 PxP KxP
33 43 Q-87ch K-KS
NxR
34 NxR6ch! 44 Q-Q87
PxN
3 5 N-K7dbl ch K-82 Now the ro ok is caught. Black there
36 Q-N8ch KxN fore resigned.
1 97 1
Bobby on the Way to the World Championship
Many a strong player of world class has hearts he must have been extremely
started his career inconspicuously, then annoyed with himself.
by diligence and perseverance slowly in Three years later he was again in the
creased his list of successes until he Interzonal-though only after certain dif
finally reached chess maturity. ficulties had been overcome, for he had
True chess geniuses, however, travel refuse d to take part in the US Champion
along a different path. They are admired ship. This time he was determined to
while still young boys and within a short achieve his aim. His opponents in Palma
time they demon9trate their ability to the de Mallorca were no real problem for
whole chess world. So it was with Paul him ; he outdistanced them by the
Morphy on his trip to Europe in 1 85 8 unbelievable margin of 3 'h points. A
and 1 8 5 9 and also with J ose Raoul remarkable fact is that he won his last six
Capablanca at San Sebastian in 1 9 1 1 . games in a row.
It was the same with Fischer. He The first of the elimination matches
played in the USA Championship for the began in Vancouver on 16 May 197 1 . His
first time in 1 9 5 7 , winning the title a full opponent was Taimanov, who in the
point ahead of the great Sammy Interzonal had shared fifth and sixth
Reshevsky. At the age of fifteen he places and who, objectively seen, was no
played in the Interzonal in 1 9 5 8 for the real danger. Interest in this match was
first time and qualified for the strongest world wide. In these topsy-turvy times,
of all chess competitions, the Candidates' everything is elevated to the realm of
Tournament. He played in the Candi politics. We cannot really say that man
dates' Tournament for the first time in kind is conquering space but rat.her that
1 9 5 9 and . . . . No, it was not quite as two super-powers are in a race one against
simple as that. The world championship the other to do so. Nor do individual
title is not so easily gained in the twen athletes compete against each other at the
tieth century as it was at the time of Olympic Games; there are the national
Bobby 's fellow-countryman Morphy. flags in the background waiting for the
In 1 96 7 Bobby was mature enough to victory ceremonies. It is no different in
accomplish the task. In the Interzonal he chess. The first twenty-five years after the
annihilated one opponent after the other. war were dominated by Soviet masters,
True, out of o bstinacy he lost a game by the world championship matches being a
default in the tenth round, but he won purely domestic affair. Then for the first
the next two games and kept well in the time Soviet dominance seemed to be
lead. Then in his antipathy towards the threatened, and, what is more, by a
organizers he pushed matters to a head representative of the other super-power.
and hurriedly departed from Sousse, Taimanov was therefore playing not as
throwing away a great chance of be Taimanov but as the first Soviet barrier to
coming world champio n . After this epi the invader.
sode he criticized the organizers, F I D E , This additional psychological burden
and everyone else, but i n h i s heart of played its part in Taimanov's tragedy.
Although he is a very sound player he lost loses, as many games with Black as with
all six games. The reporters were natur White.
ally cock-a-hoop, for, after winning his
last six gam es in Palma, Fischer had now 4 P-K 5 N-K2
won a further six, and, what is more, 5 P-QR3 BxNch
against an opponent with a grandmaster 6 PxB P-QB4
title. 7 P-QR4
Fischer's match in Denver in July
If Larsen had had White he would
looked to be a much tougher proposition.
probably have chosen the sharper con
In the course of the previous few years
tinuation 7 Q-N4, which leads to great
Larsen had chalked up several excellent
tactical complications. Quieter moves like
victories in tournaments, often against
7 P-QR4 or 7 N-B 3 are favoured by
competition from Soviet grandmasters.
players who prefer clear strategical ideas
Just like Fischer he declared at the start
to tactical complexities, such as Smyslov,
of the Candidates' Tournament that he
who has been called Capablanca's suc
intended to become world champion and
cessor. Fischer has something of Capa
that he was not afraid of any player. But
blan ca's style , but gives it more
only one of these two optimists could
dynamism in accord with the general
survive the match at Denver and go on to
tendency in the second half of the twen
compete for the world title ; so a bitter
tieth century.
struggle was expected. The result is well
known, and it may surprise the reader to 7 QN- B 3
hear us talk of a decisive game. The score 8 N-B 3 B-Q2
was again 6 : 0 , so that the excited re
porters were able to write down for The general opinion is that the best
Fischer's last eighteen games the un post for the Black queen is QR4, and
believable result, won : 1 8 ; drawn : O; lost : consequently Black 's best defence the
0. As Larsen, however , is a player of immediate 8 . . . Q-R4. In the game
stature, there must have been a reason for Fischer-Uhlmann from the 1 9 62
his 6 : 0 defeat . And it is evident that it Olympiad Black attained equality after 8
can only have been a psychological . . . Q-R 4 9 Q-Q2 B-Q2 10 B-Q3 P-B 3 1 1
reason . We can spot it by playing over the 0-0 PxKP 1 2 NxP NxN 1 3 PxN 0-0 1 4
first game of the match . P-QB4 QxQ 1 5 BxQ B-B 3 . A n improve
ment, however , was found by Stein in his
game with Doroshkevich in the 1 9 70
French Defence
Soviet Championsh ip, when he played 1 1
KPxP! PxBP 1 2 PxP P-K4 1 3 P-B4 PxP 1 4
Fischer Larsen BxBP 0-0-0 1 5 0-0 QxBP 1 6 B-N 3 B-NS
1 P-K4 P-K 3 1 7 Q-R 6 , retaining a slight advantage .
2 P-Q4 P-Q4 Larsen has a different idea : he will post
3 N-QB 3 B-N5 his queen on QB 2 and thus increase his
control over K4. It is unlikely that
Such vanat10ns are not chosen by Fischer was prepared for this plan ; never
anyone playing for a draw. One sensible theless he found an excellent tactical
approach to marches is to play for a win refutation over the board.
with White and a draw with Black. But
such tactics do not suit Larsen. He never 9 B-Q3 Q-B 2
plays for a draw, and in fact he cannot 10 0-0 P-B5
play for a draw. That is why he wins, and 1 1 B-K2 P-B3
Now i f 1 2 PxP, Black gets a strong 17 B-R5 K-B2
centre by 1 2 . . . PxP followed by P-K4. 1 8 P-B4 KR-Kl
1 2 R-Kl ! N-N 3 ? There is no time to defend Q4, e.g. 18

. . . B-B 3 ? 1 9 P-BS PxP 2 0 R-K7ch QxR
This shows that Larsen intends t o take 21 BxQ KxB 22 QxNPch winning.
the KP. A more prudent continuation is
1 2 . . . 0-0 1 3 B-R 3 R-B 2, after which 19 P-BS PxP
Black's position is fairly sound. Larsen, 20 QxQPch K-B 3
however, is not fond of such pre
Perhaps it was only at this point that
cautionary measures; his self-confidence Larsen realized that 20 . . . B-K 3 loses to
does not let him think of danger. He
21 RxB ! RxR 22 QxBPch R-KB 3 2 3
always wants to gain something right
Q-QSch R-K3 2 4 R-KB l ch.
fro m the very first game, and here he is
given an opportunity. He can have the 21 B-B 3
KP.
It is strange that White has no direct
way of winning and has to be satisfied
1 3 B-R 3 ! PxP
with this fairly modest move. If, for
It would have been difficult to change example, he tries 2 1 B-Q6 there follows
his plan, for short castling is no longer 21 . . . Q-N 3 ch 22 B-BS Q-B 3 23 Q-Q4ch
possible and long castling would be rather K-N4 24 B-B 3 Q-B2, and he has no
dangerous in view of B-Q6. decisive attacking continuation, while
after 2 1 P-N4 Black can reply 21 . . .
14 PxP QNxP
N-K4! 2 2 BxR RxB .
1 5 NxN NxN
16 Q-Q4! 21 . . . N·K4?
1 67. Fischer-Larsen This losing move was considered by

some commentators to be the best prac
tical chance. Larsen sets his hopes on a
sharp cou nter-attack, which, however, i s
refuted by a fine tactical finesse. I t i s true
that before the text-move Black' s po
sition was rather uncomfortable, but
whether it was already lost is an open
question. Black should have continued
quietly with 21 . . . B-B 3 , allowing his
opponent to recover his pawn with check,
viz. 22 Q-Q4ch K-B2 23 QxBPch K-B 3 .
O r h e could have played 2 1 . . . B-K 3 . In
This diagram has appeared in many
either case, White would have had a
chess magazines. Black is in some dif
difficult job to strengthen his attack,
ficu lty because of his exposed king. He whereas in the game he gains a material
can castle neither short nor long (the
advantage by force.
latter owing to QxRP) . And if 16 . . .
N-B 3 , White naturally avoids 1 7 QxNP? 22 Q-Q4!
0-0-0 and plays 1 7 B-R S ch K-Ql 18
The main threat is 23 B·Q6 Q-R4 24
QxNP. In any case, Black i s faced by the
BxNch, winning a piece, though White is
very unpleasant threat of 17 B-R Sch.
also threatening 23 Q·R4ch. Larsen was
16 . . . N-N3 prepared for White's move , to which he
replies with a sacrifice that looks as if it 3 1 K-Rl RxQ
offers him some chances. 32 BxR QxP(B6)
22 K·N 3 ! ? This eases White's task, as it gives him

2 3 RxN ! QxR a passed pawn. A better continuation is
32 . . . P·QR4, although even in this case
Of course, not 2 3 . . . RxR ? 24 B·Q6,
White's superiority after 3 3 R-KN l ch
etc.
K-B 2 ( 3 3 . . . K-R 3 34 B-B8) 34 B-Q4
24 QxB QR·Ql P-N 3 3 5 B·Q5 ch followed by BxP is
25 QxQNP Q·K6ch sufficient to win. An important factor is
that White's king, unlike Black's, is quite
After 2 5 . . . QxBP the continuation safe.
26 Q-Nl R-Q7 27 B-B5 is adequate,
whereas 26 Q-B6ch? K-N4 would be quite 33 R·KNl ch K-B 3
wro ng. 34 BxP P·B5
35 B·N6 QxP
26 K·Bl R·Q7
36 P·R5
27 Q·B6ch R·K3.
1 6 8 . Fischer-Larsen A pretty example of the co-operation

of pieces and pawns. Both bishops sup
port the passed pawn in its march for
ward, while the rook holds Black's passed
pawns.
36 Q-QN7
37 B·Q8ch K-K3
38 P·R6 Q·R6
39 B-N7 Q-B4
Otherwise White's bishop returns to

QN6.
40 R·QNl ! P·QB6
In working out the line he had chosen
41 B·N6
Larsen had seen 28 Q-B 5 ? R·B7ch 29
K-Nl RxBdis ch, winning, which would Black resigned after the adj ournment.
have been a fine start to the fulfilment of
the claim he had made before the match Larsen is a do-or-die player who often
( " I am going to be the challenger to suffers defeats but who has the ability to
world champion Spasski, and I'm not overcome their psychological effects. This
afraid of Fischer " ) . But the next move, time, however, it was to be different . His
which Fischer had seen several moves hopes had been set too high and the way
previously, put an end to his dreams. he lost had been too humiliating. In the
second game he inexplicably failed to
28 B-B5 ! R-B7ch hold a drawn endgame, and in the third he
was in a hopeless position after a mere
Winning the queen, but at too high a
fifteen moves-and that in a system of the
price. However, 28 . . . Q-K4 29 B-Q4 is
Sicilian he could almost certainly have
even worse.
expected. Of the other three games he
29 K·Nl RxNPdbl ch had drawing chances in only two at the
30 KxR Q·Q7ch most .
·
Whereas Fischer disposed of both op-
ponents in an almost unbelievable Nimzowitsch Attack
manner, the ex-world-champion Petrosian
played rather modestly. He defeated his Petrosian Fischer
first opponent Hilbner in a match that P-Q84
1 N-KB 3
gave rise to quite a heated discussion. P·Q4
2 P·QN 3
Following six drawn games, Petrosian 3 8-N 2 ?
won the seventh after coming out of the
opening in an almost lost position. His Nimzowitsch knew why 3 P·K 3 should
opponent thereupon resigned the match precede B·N 2. Every book on theory has
and protested at the unacceptable playing a note such as : 3 B·N2? is bad on account
conditions in the tournament room in of 3 . . . P-B 3 followed by P-K4. And that
Seville. is certainly true.
In his match with Korchnoi, Petrosian
3 P-8 3 !
again only succeeded in winning one
4 P-84
game-the ninth-but that was enough for
victory , for the oth.ers were all drawn. It is interesting to compare the first
Expressed mathematically in terms of few moves with a rarely played opening,
wins the relationship was thus 1 2 : 2 in in which the colours are reversed, viz. 1
Fischer's favour. However, they were not P·Q4 N-KB 3 2 P·QB4 P·QN 3 3 N-QB 3
competing in a tournament but in a B·N2 4 P·B 3 P-Q4 5 PxP NxP 6 P·K4
match, where such mathematical relation NxN 7 PxN. In this, Black was able to
ships do not apply. play 4 . . . P-Q4 and then exchange
The first game was won, on 30 knights, going into a form of the Griin
September, by Fischer, his nineteenth feld. In the present game White cannot do
win in succession. In the opening his the same, for Black's knight has not been
opponent came out with an innovation , developed . If he tries 4 P-Q4 PxP 5 NxP
.
but Fischer then transposed into an end P·K4 he gets the worst of it. So instead he
game in which Petrosian failed to find the must look for other ways of attacking his
best defence. The second round brought a opponent's centre.
surprise . In his favourite opening
Griinfeld-Indian-Fischer was in a lost 4 P-QS
pos1t10n after only twenty moves and 5 P-Q3 P·K4
resigned twelve moves later. The great 6 P·K3 N-K2 !
question was: Would this mean the psy A good manoeuvre. Black intends to
chological turning-point for Fischer? At post his king's knight on QB 3 and his
any rate his run of wins had been broken. queen 's knight on Q2. He has, of course,
The next three games were drawn to be prepared for White's pieces getting
although Fischer had White in two of active on the queen's wing by 7 PxP BPxP
them. Petrosian even had winning chances 8 P·QN4, but he has a good counter in 8
in the third game. In the sixth game . . P-QR4 9 P·QNS N-Q2 10 P·N 3 P-QN 3
.
Petrosian had White. Would he attempt to 1 1 B-N2 B·N2 1 2 B-QR 3 N-N 3 1 3 BxB
seize the initiative? Those who expected N(N3)xB followed by N-K3 or 9 P·QR 3
such a course must have been very dis PxP 10 PxP RxR 1 1 BxR KN·B 3 12 P-NS
appointed. The decisive game of the B·NSch 1 3 QN-Q2 N-K 2, in both cases
whole Candidates' Tournament was one with control of the strategically im
of those psychological mysteries that portant square QB4.
keep cropping up in chess and which gi ve
,
the game an irrational element. 7 8"K2?
Petrosian 's tactics after his success in transpose into an endgame. As he has the
the second game are to goad his spirited initiative on the queen's wing, he could,
opponent into impatience by a series of after an exchange of queens, quietly
draws. These are actually very wise tactics strengthen his position by N-Q2, N-N 3
and probably his only c:1an ce. But in and PxP without having to fear a counter
putting them into effect he goes astray. It attack on the king's wing.
just can n ot be right for him when playing
14 Q-K2 N-Q2
with White to present Fischer with the
initiative and confine himself to passive 15 N-B 2?
defence. A b etter line was 7 PxP followed Petrosian loses this game, and con
by 8 P-N 3 , after which his queen's bishop sequently the match, beca4se he plays
is, admittedly, by no means well placed. completely planlessly. He should have
The disadvantage this entails is, however, started operating on the king's side, and
bearable. that called for 1 5 P-N 3 followed by
7 KN-B3 P-KB4. There is nothing to be achieved
8 QN-Q.2 B-K2 on the queen's wing.
9 0-0 0-0 15 R-N l
10 P-K4 1 6 KR-Bl Q-K l
1 7 B-R3 ? B-Q3
As the bishop is passive on K2,
opening the centre by P x P would no 1 8 N-Kl P-N 3
longer be good. One might well ask why Black is not subjected to any threats
White did not play 6 P-K4 at once. Now and can safely start operations on the
he has lost a tempo in an Old Indian opposite wing. He now prepares P-KB4.
set-up, and in addition his queen's bishop White's position is still fairly sound and
is badly placed. he could continue with 19 P-N 3 followed
by N-N2. Instead he chooses to open up
10 P-QR3 the game on the queen's wing, which is
1 1 N-Kl P-QN4 strategically wrong, for his pieces are less
1 2 B-N4 BxB well posted than his opponent's.
1 3 QxB Q-B l !
19 PxP? PxP
A positional manoeuvre typical o f the 20 B-N2 N-N3
American. He does not necessarily want 21 N(Kl )-B3 R-Rl
to exploit his space advantage in the 22 P-QR3 N-R4
middle-game, but would be content to
23 Q-Ql Q-B2
1 69. Petrosian-Fischer 24 P-QR4? PxP
25 PxP P-B 5 !
26 PxP N(N3)xP
27 NxN NxN
28 Q-K2 NxB
29 QxN KR-Nl
It is now apparent that White's action

has failed. A protected passed pawn is
stronger than an unprotected one, and
Black's rooks can operate effectively on
the QR and QN files.
Position after Black's 1 4th move 30 Q-R2

Candidates ' Tournament 1 9 7 1 247
A n endgame i s not good for White, but K-Kl 43 P-B7ch K-B l 44 N-N5
it is difficult to find another move. 3 0 R-KN8ch ! By exchanging rooks, however,
QK2 is answered by 30 . . . B-N5 fol he can obtain good drawing chances.
lowed by B-B6, after which White loses
35 Rx R! RxR
his QRP.
36 P- R5 R-QRl
37 P-R 6 R-R2
30 B-N 5 !
31 QxQch KxQ 38 K-Bl
3 2 R-B7ch K-K 3 ! At t h e moment the advance 38 P-N5 is
not good on account of the reply 3 8 . . .
This had t o b e seen two moves in
P-B4, but it would be strong if Black's
advance. White has no time to capture the
king were to leave its central position in
KRP, e .g . 3 3 RxP B-B6 34 R-Ql RxP 3 5 order to go after the QRP.
P-R4 R-R7 3 6 P-N4 R(N l )-N7 3 7 R-KB l
R-K7 or 3 4 R-KB l RxP 35 N-R4 P-Q6 3 6 38 . . . P-N4
P-B 3 P-Q7 followed by R-R8. But Black stops it once and for all,
after which he can proceed to win the
3 3 P-N4 B-B6
QRP. The game, however, is by no means
34 R-R2
over.
1 70. Petrosian-Fischer 39 K-K2 K-Q3
40 K-Q3 K-B4
41 N-Nl K-N4
1 7 1 . Petrosian-Fischer
The first critical stage of this endgame.

Black could now have won by 34 . . .
R-N 5 ! e.g. 3 5 R-B6ch K-Q2 ! 3 6 RxP
P-Q6, etc. And here we have the second critical
position. It is obvious that Black must
34 R-QBl ?
win the QRP without allowing an ex
After the game this move had a great change of rooks, for an endgame bishop
deal of praise heaped on it . In my versus knight would be dead drawn i n
opinion, however, it throws away the spite of t h e extra pawn. Black h a s two
win . White must, it is true, again refrain ways of pro ceeding, the first B-R4 fol
from capturing the KRP, though the lowed by R(or K)xP, the second
ensuing variations are admittedly quite K-N5-N6, driving the rook away. In view
complicated, e.g. 35 RxP? R-B 5 3 6 of this White ought to have sought
R-QN7 R(R l )xP 3 7 RxR RxR 3 8 counter-play, which he could have had
R-N6ch K-Q2 ! 39 RxP P-Q6 4 0 RxP RxP with the surprising 42 P-B4! ! , which gives
followed by R-K7 or 39 P-N5 P-Q6 ! 40 rise to the following possibilities:
PxP R-R8ch 41 K-N2 P-Q7 42 R-N7ch ( i ) 42 . . . KPxP 4 3 N-B3 RxP (43 . . .
K-NS 44 NxQP? BxN 45 KxB leads to the 51 R-Rl R-8 1
pretty mate R-Q2 , but White has a 52 R-R7?
stronger line in 44 P-R4! , e.g. 44 . . . P-R 3
This attempt to get play only speeds
45 RPxP RPxP 46 P-KS or 44 . . . K-N6 up defeat. White should have embarked
45 R-KR2 and the game is drawn) 44
on active measures much earlier. The
RxR KxR 45 P-K S! PxP 46 NxKP K-N4 waiting move 52 R-R2, however, does not
47 N-B7 with equality. save the game, e.g. 52 . . . B-B S 5 3 R-Rl
(ii) 42 . . . NPxP 43 N-B 3 RxP 44 RxR
K-B 3 5 4 K-B4 B-N3 55 K-Q3 K-N2
KxR 45 P-NS PxP 46 NxNP B-R4 (46 . . . followed by R-B4, and Black's rook gets
B-NS 47 N-B7 ) 47 NxP B-Ql 48 N-B8 into White's position via the QN or QR
K-N4 49 N-Q7 B-B2 50 P-R4 K-B 3 5 1 file.
N-B6 B-Ql 5 2 N-N4 K-Q3 5 3 P-RS K-K3
54 K-K2 with equality, or 43 . . . B-R4 44 52 . . . 8-R4!
P-NS B-Ql 45 P-R4! RxP 46 RxR KxR 5 3 R-Q7
47 P-R S ! PxP 48 NxKP K-N4 49 N-B 3 Or 53 RxP B-N3 followed by R-QR l .
P-NS 5 0 NxPch K-N 3 5 1 P-KS with
equality, or 43 . . . K-NS 44 P·NS PxP 53 8-N 3
(44 , . . K-N6 45 R-KN2) 45 NxKP K-N6 54 R-QSch 8-84
46 N-B6 R-Rl 47 R-KN2 RxP 48 NxPch 55 N-8 1 K-RS !
BxN 49 KxB and Black cannot win. 56 R-Q7 8-NS
Petrosian would certainly have found 57 N-K2 K-N6
this hidden chance if he could have made 58 R-QN7
his 42nd move after the adjournment. As
Otherwise 5 8 . . . R-B7 wins at once.
it was he had to seal it, so it is no wonder
that he made a natural, and losing, move. 58 R-QRl
59 RxP R-R8
42 N-K2? 8-R4 60 NxP PxN
43 R-N2ch KxP 61 KxP R-Q8ch
44 R-Nl R-Q82 62 K-K 3 8-84<:h
45 R-N2 8-K8 63 K-K2 R-KR8
46 P-83
64 P-R4
This eases Black's task a little. After
The last hope : 64 . . . RxP? 65 RxR
46 R-N l , Black could not have taken the
PxR 66 P-B4 drawn.
pawn ( 46 R-Nl BxP? 47 R-KB 1 followed
by RxPch drawing), so the bishop would 64 K-85 !
have had to retreat and Black would have 65 P-RS R-R7ch
had a harder job to strengthen the 66 K-Kl K-Q6
position of his king. He would have had Resigns
to resort to the manoeuvre B-N 3 followed
by K-N 2. This defeat broke down Petrosian's
K-R4! resistance. In the next game he failed to
46 . . .
hold an ending in which he had the
47 R-82
slightly worse position. He also lost the
Otherwise 47 . . . B-NS followed by eighth game after giving a very colourless
K-N4 with the threat of R-R2 . performance. And he did not even
47 R-QN2 manage to save the ninth, from a sym
48 R-R2ch K-N4 metrical position. But by then the fight
49 R-N2ch 8-NS was virtually over.
50 R-R2 R-Q82 Fischer was thus very close to his goal.
In chess ability alone h e had no equal and Whether Bobby would win the world
it seemed unlikely that Spasski's well championship in 1972 or at a later date,
known spotting qualities-his will to one thing was cenain. He had opened up
fight, his staying power and his calm a new era in the development of chess,
ness-would cause the precise, machine just as Morphy and Capablanca had done
like play of Fischer any real trouble. in their tiine.
World Championship 1 972
World Champion o f the 1 970s
Straight wins in the last seven games of to the only opponent who can endanger
the 1 9 70 Interzonal, a clean score of 6: 0 him. That single dangerou s opponent is
against Taimanov, a similar crushing 6 : 0 called Bobby Fischer.
victory against his great rival Larsen, then Those words almost proved prophetic.
a 6'h : 2'h result against Petrosian in a The match in R eykjavik had a sensational
match where the latter's much stiffer prelude and a dramatic first act, with the
resistance had to be broken down-that result that the whole chess world was
was Fischer's glorious path to the 1 9 7 2 kept in breathless excitement. The story
world championship title match. has been told so fully-though not always
In the spring of 1972 the chess world accurately-and is so recent that it hardly
was buzzing with excitement. For the needs retelling. To recapitulate, however,
first time since the war the world cham Fischer began by adopting the risky ploy
pionship was not to be decided by Soviet of demanding that the already fantastic
grandmasters alone. As a result a chess ally high purse for both winner and loser
event was transferred to the sphere of should be raised by an enormous amount.
politics because it echoed the rivalry of This was risky because it could well have
the two mightiest countries on our jeopardized all his chances of becoming
planet. The present century has become world champion. That it worked wonder
so crazy that not only space flight but fully was due to the fact that there was in
also sporting or chess events are treated London one of those strange people who
by one or the other of the great powers as are prepared to spend any amount of
matters of the utmost importance. money on their hobby and at the same
Most of the pundits naturally favoured time to expose themselves to the pos
Fischer, though there were not sur sibility of ridicule from the rest of the
prisingly some who thought Spasski had world and even to open themselves to the
good chances. The former world cham suspicion of acting in such a way simply
pion Botvinnik, for example, unequi to gain popularity.
vocally tipped Spasski to win, main Contrary to the rules, the match in
taining that Fischer's previous successes Reykjavik began on 1 1 July, that is nine
were by no means convincing proof of his days late . The reigning world champion
superiority . That, however, was probably had White in the first game, but treated
wishful thinking, for Spasski had not the opening so placidly that the con
been playing particularly well, as witness testants would have been justified in
his failure m the Alekhin Memorial agreeing to a draw after about fifteen
Tournament in the autumn of 1 97 1 . moves. Each game, however, was being
I n an article from a series that played for more than ten thousand
appeared in Schach-Echo in the spring of dollars, and it is possible that professional
1 9 7 2 I voiced the following opinion : honour forbade the acceptance of such a
Fischer is very much superior to all his high sum for so little work. At any rate
opponents and will certainly become the game continued, and the following
world champion if he does not fall victim position was reached after the 28th move.
World Championship 1 9 72 25 1
1 7 2. Spasski-Fischer (iii) Was Fischer, thinking that the
position was still a dead draw after the
loss of the bishop, simply playing to the
gallery ? It is possible, though irrespon
sible.
30 P-N 3 P-KR4
3 1 K-K2 P-R5
32 K·B 3 ! K-K2
The bishop cannot be saved by 3 2 . . .

P-R6, e.g. 3 3 K-N4 B·N8 34 KxP BxP 3 5
B-Q2! followed b y 3 6 K-N2, and White
Position after Black's 28th move has reached a position better than the one
in the game, for the bishop on Q2 means
29 P-N 5 !
a gain of a valuable tempo.
This prevents White from slipping into
33 K-N2 PxP
an inferior po�tion, which is what would
34 PxP BxP
happen if Black were allowed to play
35 KxB K-Q3
P-QN4, locking the White pawn on
36 P-R4
squares of the same colour as the bishops.
The text-move involves a minor combina After 36 P-K4 K-B4 37 B-K 3ch KxP
tio n , though it is no great problem for a 38 BxP P-KN3 followed by P-K4 and
strong amateur, let along a grandmaster, P-B4 the game is drawn, for White only
to see that 29 . . . B xKRP loses the retains his QRP, which in conjunction
ltishop. with the black-squared bishop is insuf
ficient to win.
29 . . . BxKRP?
36 K-Q4
Black nevertheless takes the pawn , a
course which, while not quite losing, is Now 3 6 K-B4 would be bad o n
completely inexplicable. The following account o f 3 7 B·R 3ch, e.g. 3 7 . . . K-B 5
can really only be answered by Fischer 3 8 B-B8 P-KN3 39 B-K7 P-B4 4 0 K-B4
himself, who, however, is not in the habit winning.
of an swering su ch questions :
37 B-R3 K-K5 ?
( i) Did Black fail to see that the bishop
could not be freed by the advance of the I n normal positions such moves are
KRP? It is almost inconceivable ; and yet made automatically. Where the position is
over the years chess has produced other not normal, however, every move requires
cases of the famous "chess blindness ". special thought, which is the case here.
Such an error is perhaps understandable The king ought to remain near the
in view of the tactical twist mentioned in queen 's wing until the pawn structure
the note to Black's 3 2n d move. there has been fixed. The correct move is
(ii) Did Black sacrifice his bishop in therefore 3 7 . . . P-R 3 ! , which leads to a
the hope of getting two pawns and an draw, for after 38 P-N6 K-B 3 39 P-R 5
active king-side position as compen K-Q4, Black can sacrifice all his king-side
sation ? Did Fischer even believe that he pawns to get rid of White' s KP and then
would thereby have winning chances? play his king to QB l or QR l , from where
This explanation sounds more likely, for it cannot be dislodged. That White cannot
Fischer tends to over-estimate his chances win in spite of his material superiority of
and under-estimate his opponent. a whole piece can be seen by setting up
the following position : White K on Q5 , B 40 . . K-Q4. This is incorrect, e .g. 41
.
on K5 , pawns on QR 5 and QN6, Black K B-N4! (not, however, 41 B-R 3 ? K-B 3 42

on QB l , pawns on QR 3 and QN 2. This B-N2 KxP 4 3 B x P K-B4 44 K-N5 K-Q4
position is a dead draw. If, however, 45 K-B4 P-N4 46 P-R 5 P-N5 47 B-N2
White's QRP were on QR4 instead of K-B 5 48 K-K5 K-Q6 49 KxKP KxP draw)
QR 5 , it would be an easy win . White 41 . . . K-B3 42 B-R 5 ! K-B4 43 K-N5
simply gets the enemy king into a K-B 5 44 K-N6 K-Q6 45 KxNP KxP 46
zugzwang position, thus forcing Black to K-B6 or 41 . . . K-K5 42 B-Q2 K-Q6 4 3
play P-QR4. This pawn can then be won B-B l K-B7 44 B-R 3 K-N6 4 5 B-B8 KxP
by the bishop. 46 BxP K-N4 47 K-N5 , etc .
Returning to the move 3 7 . . . P-R 3 !
an examination of White's alternative 41 PxP
replies shows that there is no win in the
position, e.g. 38 PxP PxP or 38 B-B8 PxP The sealed move, which Spasski made
39 PxP K-K5 40 BxP (40 K-B2 P-B4 4 1 before the end of the session, so that the
BxP P-K4 followed b y P-B 5 ) 40 . . . KxP time remaining was added to his clock.
41 BxP P-N3 42 B-Q8 K-Q6 43 BxP This left him with only fifteen minutes
K-B 5 . for his next twenty-five moves. In spite of
this handicap, however, the win was no
3 8 B-B5 P-R3 great problem, for Black was soon forced
Of course , not 38 . . . P-QN 3? because into zugzwang and had to give way to his
of 39 BxP PxB 40 P-R5 K-Q4 41 P-R6 opponent ' s king.
winning.
41 KxP
39 P-N6 ! 42 K-R5 K-84
43 8-K3 K·K5
N o w White h a s a w o n game. H i s plan i s
t o get in among Black's king-side pawns
Or 43 . . . P-N 3ch 44 K-R6 K-B 3 45
with his king, winning at least one of
B-Q2 K-B4 46 B-N5 P-K4 47 B-Q2 K-B 3
them. Then he can transfer his king to
48 B-K 3 K-B4 49 B-N 5 , etc.
QB 7. To achieve his ends he will force his
opponent into zugzwang. For that reason 44 8-82 K-84
he must not play P-QR 5 . 45 8·R4! P-K4
46 8-NS
39 • . . P·84
Other defences are : Black has only one more move with
(i) 39 . . . K-Q4 40 B-B8 P-N3 41 B-K7 his KP, after which he will be virtually in
P-B4 42 K-B4 or 41 . . . K-K4 42 K-N4, zugzwang.
etc.
46 P·K5
(ii) 39 . . . P-K4 40 K-N4 P-N 3 41
47 8-K3 K-8 3
K-N 3 ! P-B4 42 K-R4 P-B 5 43 PxP KxP
48 K·N4! K-K4
(43 . . . PxP 44 K-N 5 ) 44 B-K7 ! P-K5 45
49 K-N 5 K-Q4
B-N5ch K-B6 46 B-Bl ! P-K6 47 K-N5 P-R4
so K-84
P-K7 48 B-Q2 K-B7 49 KxP or 45 . . . 51 8-82 P-N4
K-B4 46 B-Q2 . K-8 5
52 KxNP
P-8 5 53 K-8 5 K-NS
40 K-R4
54 KxP KxP
After the game a widely held view was 5 5 K-Q5 K-N4
that Black could have saved the game by 56 K-Q6 Resigns
The next game was due to be played would have been the best way o f up
on 1 3 July. Fischer protested about the setting his ambitious but somewhat un
television cameras, and because of his stable opponent and of making up for the
lack of success in carrying his point with distinct difference in pure chess ability.
the organizers he did not show up for the When, however, Spasski instead chose a
second game. At 5 p.m. his clock was sharp opening in the third game and one,
started and one hour later Spasski was moreover , that belong ed to Fischer's
declared the winner of the second game. specialities-the American pulled himself
The American protested , but it did not together and produced a great game. That
change the result, so that Spasski was in virtually decided the match, the re
the lead by 2 : 0. Moreover, the latter had maining games going as was to have been
the advantage of only having to tie the expected. They merely showed up the
match, which meant that, mathe difference in playing strength of the two
matically , he was really 2'h points ahead. players. Spasski was not given another
Fischer's. most dangerous opponent had chance. "The damage done in one second
thus done his work. Spasski was given a cannot be made good in a life-time. "
chance he could hardly even have In the normal course of events there is
dreamed of. not another player with a chance against
Would Fischer break off the match? Fischer. And now that he has the title
Apparently there was some danger of there is no reason why he should not play
this, but then President Nixon's foreign his normal game. The world champion of
policy adviser is supposed to have phoned the 1 9 70s is therefore Robert James
him, saying that such a step would be Fischer.
harmful to the interests of the United
States. Whatever it was, something Benoni Defence : Hromadka System
happened that gave the world new hope
that the great chess battle would be Spasski Fischer
continued.
1 P·Q4 N·KB 3
The third game took place as planned ,
2 P·QB4 P.K3
though not in the tournament hall but in
3 N·KB3 P-84
another room. According to eye-witnesses
4 P·QS PxP
Fischer looked tired and haggard. The
5 PxP P-Q3
great question was : Would he stand up to
6 N·QB 3 P-KN3
the mental strain? Spasski was certainly
7 N-Q2 QN-Q2
of the opinion that his great moment had
8 P·K4 B·N2
come and that he must act energetically
9 B·K2 0-0
to finish off his opponent once and for
10 0-0 R·Kl
all. It was like a boxing match. The
opponent was groggy and the time had This position from the Hromadka
come to deliver the coup de grfice. System is usually reached by the
Was this calculation correct? No, it sequence 1 P-Q4 N-K83 2 P-Q84 P-84 3
·
was not. It was a terrible miscalculation P-Q5 P-K3 4 N-Q8 3 PxP 5 PxP P-Q3 6
on the part of Spasski and probably also P-K4 P-KN3 7 N-8 3 8-N2 8 8-K2 0-0 9
on the part of his advisers. With the score 0-0 R-Kl 1 0 N-Q2 QN·Q2 . From the
at 2: 0 in his favour Spasski was still in the theoretical point of view it is worth while
match with a chance-albeit a small one making a few comments on the order of
but to make use of it he needed to choose the moves played.
super-safe openings and aim at simplifi (i) In the normal Hromadka System
cation and a draw in every game. That the set-up 7 P-84 8-N2 8 8-N5 ch is quite
move introduced by Fischer.
11 . . . N-R4!
This manoeuvre occurs in several vari

ations of the King's Indian. It is true that
Black's pawns can now be weakened
considerably, but to achieve this White
has to give up a bishop and at the same
time allow his opponent's pieces to gain
in activity .
1 2 BxN ( ? )
Position after Black's 10th move Black was threatening N-B 5 a s well as
Q-R5, and 12 N-B4 could have been
dangerous for Black. In the present game, answered by 1 2 . . . N-K4, after which 1 3
of course, it is not possible. N-K 3 is not good on account of 1 3 . . .
(ii) On move 7 of the yariation N-KB 5 . Nevertheless, taking the bishop is
occurring in the game, Black usually plays suspect. White ought to have played 1 2
7 . . . B-N 2, which allows him the choice P-B4, which, though it does not look
of developing his knight on QR 3 or Q2. good , would have prevented him from
He need not fear 8 N-B4 0-0 9 B-B4 N-Kl slipping into a bad game despite his weak
10 N-N5 P-N 3 ! , for he can adequately eleventh move. If play had then con
counter the threat to his QP. tinued 12 . . . B-Q5ch ( 1 2 . . . Q-R 5 ? 1 3
(iii) After 7 . . . QN-Q2 White can N-B 3 ) 1 3 K-Rl Q-R5 , White would have
attain an advantage by 8 N-B4 N-N 3 9 had the reply 1 4 R-B 3 ! , after which Black
P-K4! NxN 1 0 BxN. For that reason I has nothing better than 14 . . . Q- K8ch 1 5
consider 7 . . . B-N2 to be more accurate. R-B l Q-R 5 with repetition o f moves, for
A more important fa ctor for a general if 1 4 . . . N(Q2)-B 3 , there follows 1 5
assessment of the whole opening system P-KN 3 , which is good for White. This
is that it leads to a strategically and concealed twist would have been un
tactically complicated game. Black has welcome to Fischer, who, it is safe to
many ways of seizing the initiative and is assume, would not have been happy with
by no means confined to passive defence. a draw.
Fischer understands the system better
12 PxB
than anyone else and is more familiar
1 3 N-B4 N-K4
with the position arising from it than
14 N-K3 Q-R 5
Spasski. The choice of opening was there
1 5 B-Q2 ?
fore a mistake for the defending world
champion. With a lead of 2 : 0 he ought to This move shows that Spasski has
have adopted a quieter set-up, such as 4 under-estimated the dangers facing him .
P-K 3 , which would have been much more The correct continuation is 1 5 P-B 3 ! ,
unpleasant for his opponent. after which his pawns remain intact and
mobile. Black would admittedly be
11 Q-B2?
actively placed, though he would not find
An innovation, though an unfortunate it easy to strengthen his position.
one. The usual continuation is 1 1 P-QR 4 The seemingly active 1 5 P-B4 would,
(preventing the advance P-QN4!) 1 1 . . . on the other hand , be weak, because of
N-K4 1 2 Q-B 2 , which could be met by 1 2 1 5 . . . N-N5 16 P-KR 3 ? NxN 1 7 BxN
. . . P-KN 4! ? , a n interesting though risky BxP! , winning for Black, while the
immediate 1 5 P-KR 3, to be followed by 20 KR-Kl P-QR3
P-KB4, is answered by the dangerous 21 R-K2 P-N4
piece sacrifice 1 5 . . BxP! 1 6 PxB QxRP;
. 22 QR-Kl
e.g. 1 7 P-B4 N-B6ch 18 K-B2 N-R5 19
Now White has his first threat in the
K-Kl P-B4 or 1 8 RxN QxR 1 9 Q-N2
game-the breakthrough P-K 5 , which, if
QxQch 20 KxQ BxN followed by RxP.
successful, would be a great achievement.
15 . . . N-N 5 ! Unfortunately for him, the threat is easily
1 6 NxN countered.
This undoubling o f Black's pawns is 22 . . . Q-N 3 !

forced, because, after 1 6 P-KR 3 NxN 1 7 2 3 P-N 3
BxN, Black wins a pawn by BxN followed Otherwise Black pushes o n his queen
by QxKP. Now, however, Black's pawn side pawns by P-QB5 and P-QN 5 .
structure is in order again and White's
majority in the centre will be hindered by 23 R-K2
Black's KNP. 2 4 Q-Q3 R-Nl
25 PxP PxP
16 . . . PxN
Black now has a strong threat on the
1 7 B-B4 Q-B 3 !
queen's wing : 26 . . . P-B 5 ! 27 PxP PxP
The move 1 7 . . . B-K4 i s no t so strong 28 Q-B 2 (28 QxP R-QB l ) 28 . . . R-N6,
as it looks because of 18 BxB RxB 1 9 etc. White finds a counter t o it, but only
P-B4! with advantage to Whit e ! Fischer at the cost of conceding a protected
finds the right plan : pressure against the passed pawn .
KP.
26 P-N4 P-B 5 !
18 P-KN 3
O f course, not 2 6 . . . PxP ? 2 7 N-R 2
White's desire to maintain the bishop followed by NxP, when the knight goes
on its active post means compromising his to QB6.
king-side pawn majority. On the other
hand, 1 8 B-N3 could have been answered 27 Q-Q2 R(N l )-Kl
2 8 R-K3 P-R4
1 74. Spassk i-Fischer 29 R(K3)-K2
White has no way of improving his

position and is condemned to waiting for
his opponent to act. Fischer now decides
to repeat a few moves to gain time to
solve a vital question, viz : Will the game
be won if he captures the KP by BxN
followed by RxKP, or will White have
drawing chances thanks to the unlike
bishops.
29 K-R2
Position after White's 22nd move 30 R-K3 K-Nl
31 R(Kl)-K2 BxN !
by 1 8 . . . B-Q2 followed by P-KR4, after
32 QxB RxP
which Black again has the better chances.
33 RxR RxR
18 B-Q2 34 RxR QxR
1 9 P-QR4 P-N 3 35 B-R6
256 Pacbman's Decisive Games
White' s second threat in the game, and Black was threatening 41 . . . Q-KB6ch
this time quite a strong one, though again 42 K-Kl Q-R8ch 43 K-K2 B-Q6ch 44
it can be easily countered. Now that the K-K3 Q-KS mate, and 41 Q-NSch B-N 3
KP has fallen Black has a won game, for does n ot save the game. Now, however, it
White's king is no less exposed than is all over.
Black's.
35 Q-N 3
41 . . . B-Q6ch
36 B-Bl Q-N8
Resigns
37 K-Bl B-B4
38 K-K2 Q-KSch
39 Q-K 3 Q-B7ch If 42 K-K 3 , Black plays 42 . . . Q-0.8
40 Q-Q2 Q-N6 with the double threat of Q-B6ch and
41 Q-Q4 QxBch.
Index of Games and Positions
Game Page Game Page

Alekhin-Capablanca 87 Fischer-Larsen 242
Alekhin-Junge 114 Fischer-S passki 2 20
Alekhin-Speilmann 8 Fischer-Tai 1 79
Alekhin-Vidmar 80 Flohr-Romanovski 1 02
Anderssen-Paulsen 3, 9 Garcia-Ivkov 215
Barcza-Keres 159 Geller-Benko 1 85
Barcza-Pachman 193 Gligoric-Keres 1 88
Benko-Keres 183 Ivkov-Robatsch 216
Benko-Olafsson 187 Janowski-Berger 34
Bernstein-Euwe 118 Kan-Botvinnik 1 00
Blackburne-Rosenthal 12, 1 3 Keres-Botvinnik 1 30
Blackburne-Steinitz 14 Keres-Filip 3
Boga tyrtschuk-Botvinnik 101 Keres-Geller 157
Bogolyubov-Flohr 97 Keres-Spasski 201
Bogolyubov-Vidmar 4 Korchnoi-Wade 191
Boleslavski-Bronstein 1 44 Kotov-Euwe 122
Boleslavski-Stahlberg 1 40 Larsen-Diez Corral 227
Botvinnik-Bronstein 1 47 Larsen-Portisch 2 30
Botvinnik-Chekhover 103 Lasker-Black burne 24
Botvinnik-Kotov 1 19 Lasker-Capablanca 65
Botvinnik-Larsen 224 Lasker-Maroczy 75
Botvinnik-Pachman 1 29 Lasker-Schlechter 48
Botvinnik-Petrosian 2 Lasker-Steinitz 20
Botvinnik-Smyslov 1 62 Lasker-Teichmann 44
Bronstein-B olesla vski 1 44 Leonhard t-S chlech ter 33
Bronstein-Keres 1 41 Maroczy-Gottschall 38
Bronstein-Tartakower 1 35 Marshall-Chigorin 35
Capablanca-B ernstein 52 Mattison-Spielmann 92
Capablanca-Keres 111 Medina-Larsen 226
Cardoso-Bronstein 1 70 Mieses-Maroczy 36
Chigorin-Janow ski 24 Naj dorf-Botvinnik 120
Chigorin-Steinitz 2 Nimzowitsch-Tartakower 93
D e Greiff-Darga 197 O'Kelly-Geller 158
Donner-Tai 1 76 Petrosian-Fischer 245
Duras-Bardeleben 5 Pillsbury-Burn 29
Dus Chotimirski-Rotlevi 57 Pillsbury-Gunsberg 26
Euwe-Alekhin 1 06 Planinc-Gheorghiu 234
Fine-Alekhin 112 Reshevsk y-Capablanca 7
Fine-Keres 110 Reshevsk y-Petrosian 188
Fischer-Keller 1 76 Reti-Griinfeld 69
258 Index of Games and Positions
Rl:ti-Lasker 6 Tal-Panno 167
Rubinstein-Bogolyubov 7 Tal-Spasski 210
Rubinstein-Nimzowitsch 60 Tarrasch-Chigorin 39
Schlechter-J anowski 37 Tarras ch-Pillsbury 30
Smyslov-Doda 216 Tartakower-R ubinstein 45
Spasski-Donner 221 Tartakower-Spielmann 81
Spasski-Fischer 251, 253 Tartakower-Teichmann 70
S pielmann--Ca pablanca 91 Teichmann-Schlechter 56
Spielmann-Nimzowitsch 83 Trifunovic-Bogolyubov 153
Spielmann-Rubinstein 53 Vasjukov-Matanovic 237
Stahlberg-Alekhin 97 Vidmar--Capablanca 54
Steinitz-Blackburne 15 Vidmar-Nimzowitsch 79
Steinitz-Chigorin 1 Walther-Fischer 1 74
Stoltz-Szabo 1 34 Winawer-Zukertort 5
Szabo-Lundin 1 37 Wolf-S pielmann 70
Szily-Botvinnik 1 58 Yanofsky-Botvinnik 119
Tal-Bhend 1 74 Yates-Capablanca 74
Tal-Botvinnik 2 Zukertort-Steini tz 17
Tal-Gligoric 175 Zukertort-Winawer 4
Tai-Larsen 205 Zvetkov-Pachman 126
Index of Openings
Opening Page Opening Page

Barcza System 183 Nimzo-lndian 1 20, 162, 1 88
Bird's Opening 70 Nimzowitsch Attack 245
Caro-Kann 135 Old Indian 60
Catalan System 1 1 4, 2 2 4 Pirc Defence 1 70
Dutch Defence 9 7 , 1 06, 1 3 0 Queen's Gambit 8, 48, 8 1 , 87, 1 22,
English Opening 193 1 5 3, 1 59
Four Kn ig hts Game 1 7 , 3 0, 1 2 6 Queen's Pawn 39
French Defence 45 , 5 3 , 5 7 , 7 5 , 1 44, 242 Reti System 103
Griinfeld Defence 1 47 Ruy Lopez 9, 1 4, 20, 24, 44, 5 6, 6 5 ,
Hromadka System 137, 253 1 1 2, 1 4 1 , 1 6 7 , 1 76, 2 1 0 ,
I rregular 15 2 1 6, 2 2 0 , 2 2 1 , 2 3 7
King's Gambit 13 Sicilian 1 40, 1 79, 205 , 2 3 4
King's Indian 9 3 , 1 5 8, 1 9 7 , 2 0 1 , 2 2 7 Vienna Game 24, 2 3 0
An Int.ematfonal Grandma.st.er, Ludek Pachman
is also a well-known chess author and theorist.
His thirty years' experience of mast.er play
have made him familiar at first hand with the
tactics of tournam ent pl,{ly and with the
psychological demands'bf the game.

Pachman's Decisive Games

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What is the book about?

What is the book about?

What time period does it cover?

What time period does it cover?

This original collection analyses the most

decisive games played in the last 100 years.

Some of these games are brilliancies, but the

Sir Isaac Pitman and Sons L td.

Pitman Publishing Pty. Ltd.

Pitman Publishing Corporation

Sir Isaac Pitman (Canada) Ltd.

The Copp Clark Publishing Company

This is an enlarged and updated edition of Lud�k Pachman's

Text© 1972, 1975 by Ludl!k Pachman

Translation© 1975 by Alan S. Russell

ISBN 0 273 31812 8

Printed in Great Britain by

Ludek Pachman is not only an international grandmaster of many years'

1 Introductory: Moments of Decision 1

Index of Games and Positions 257

In the next game of the same match

In his match with Petrosian Botvinnik

During his world championship match

In the 1956 Candidates' Tournament 6. Anderssen-Paulsen

Position after Black's 23rd move

This game had a decisive bearing on

Now Black is given a n opportunity to the slightly better position.

save the game by sacrificing his bishop to 20 8xNP!

In spite of what was said above, attack

Position after Black's 16th move

After the logical 17 B-K3, developing a

In accordance with the rules at that time 23 RxP?

33 .. . P-R4? Now White's knight is subjected to an

37 RxNP RxR 32 K-B2 R-KBl

36 R·K3 R-QNl K-Rl N-Q5 30 QxKP NxP 31 N-N6 Q-B6

37 Q-84 8-QRl 32 QxQ PxQ 33 NxQR P-B7 34 P-R3

The next example is from the game 33 NxN QxN

The final result of the tournament was

Even the best players in the world are

By playing 4S .. Q-K3 followed by

Not, of course, 48 NxP? Q-Q6ch.

K-K3 P-N3 45 R-N5 RxR 46 BxR NxP 5 8-84? PxP

A good manoeuvre. I t is clear that A move not in keeping with Anders­

13 P-KN4 Q-8 3 22 Q-N2

15 P-84 31 N-K83 K ·Q2

draw. However, Anderssen had to win Objectively this move deserves a

35 R(Rl )-QNl whose loss would have cost him a lot,

36 R-R7 both from the point of view of chess and

38 R-81 here again fortune favoured the bold.

Now there i s no defence t o the terrible

Cases in which a mistake unexpectedly There remained only one more

8lackburne Steinitz Steinitz obviously makes a correct

7 P-Q3 A bad m istake. The tempo lost

Black has, it is true, lost a tempo; on 1 6. B lackburne-Steinitz

A move that is difficult to understand.

White is too much occupied with

When making his last move Steinitz 23 Q-R 5 ch K-8 1

The defence named after Steinitz. It is In spite of White's slight advantage in

35 Q-R 5 ch K-K2 There is no way of saving the game,

A good manoeuvre. I t is clear that A move not in keeping with Anders

The move 4 P- KB4 leads to a well

Black misses an opportunity to ex