Short Response/Gridded Response Record your answers on the answer sheet provided by your teacher or on a sheet of paper. 8. GRIDDED RESPONSE Josiah put $45 in a savings account. If he saves an additional $10 per week, the equation $10w = $175 — $45, represents how long it will take him to save $175. Find the number of weeks Josiah will need to save in order to reach $175. 9. Douglas charges $18 per yard to mow lawns, in his neighborhood. Yesterday he mowed 3 lawns. Today he mowed 4 lawns. a. Write two equivalent expressions for the total amount of money Douglas earned mowing lawns over the two days. b, How much did he earn altogether? 10. GRIDDED RESPONSE What is the least common, in 3 and lz denominator of <= and 3? 11. At the start of a long trip, Jasmine has 19 gallons of gasoline in her car. Every 30 minutes, her car uses a gallon of gasoline. Jasmine plans to stop and refuel when there are 3 gallons of gasoline left in her tank. a, Write an equation to represent the amount of gasoline in her car’s tank after fr half-hours. b, Solve the equation from part a to find how long Jasmine will be able to drive before she needs to refuel. 12. Evaluate x + y + 4.when x = 10 and y = 13, GRIDDED RESPONSE Evaluate abc if = at b=Spande=—s5- 14, What mathematical property is illustrated below? (p+5) +13 =p+ +13) Extended Respon Record your answers on a sheet of paper. Show your work. 15, On Wednesday, Carlos spent d dollars for lunch. He spent $0.80 less than this amount for lunch on Thursday. Friday, he spent twice as much as he did on Thursday. a, Write an expression for the amount of money Carlos spent for lunch on Thursday. b, Write an expression for the amount Carlos spent for lunch on Friday. ¢, Write an expression for the total amount of money Carlos spent for lunch on all three days. 4, If Carlos spent $8 for lunch on Wednesday, how much money did he spend all three days? wl] ||| ts | 26 | 46) 26 33) 13) 42tr aC Tl Com Tem One ecg Diagnose Readiness | You have two options for checking prerequisite skills. 1 ‘Textbook Option Take the Quick Check below. Refer to the Quick Review for help. QuickCheck QuickReview Write the equation 5. -18 = 4b +10 Subtraction Property of Equality, 7. SALES Suppose a computer costs $600. Tony pays ‘a down payment of $150 and plans to pay the balance in 6 equal installments. How much will each installment be? Simply Multiplication Property of Equality. ‘Simply Find each sum or difference. (Lessons 22 and 2) 8. —42 + (-23) 9. 42 + (-79) 10. -27 +5 11. 15 + (—88) To subtract 42, add 42. 12. 12-60 13, —35 — (—35) Simply 14, STOCKS The stock market fell 507.99 points (on October 19, 1987. If the stock market was 2246.73 points at the beginning of the day, what was its value at the end of the day? Find each product or quotient. .essns 2 and 2-5) Rega 16. 16. . 5(—8) 0(-12) Find 6(—15).. 17. —3(5)(—8) 18. 54 + (-2) 6(—15) The factors have different signs 19. 205 20, -27 + (-3) product is negative 21. CHEMISTRY A solution cooled at a rate of 6°F every 5 minutes. What integer represents the change in the solution's temperature in + hour? Online Option Take an online self-check Chapter Readiness Quiz at connectED.megraw-hill.com. @ 221You will learn several new concepts, skills, and vocabulary terms as you study Chapter 5. To get ready, identify important terms and organize your resources. You may wish to refer to Chapter 0 to review prerequisite skills. wis (as StudyOrganizer oy | NewVocabulary Solving Equations Make this Foldable to help you | English Espafiol organize information about equations and inequalities. fxm: 0.228 Geral Begin with three sheets of 8” x 11” paper. perimeter p.223 _perimetro area p.224 area i ~ inequality p.236 desigualdad JL Stack 3 sheets of paper null set or empty set p.252 —conjunto vacio inch apart. Identity p.252 identidad ReviewVocabulary Distributive Property p. 173 Propiedad distributiva ‘To multiply a sum by a number, multiply each number in parentheses by the number outside the parentheses. Properties of Equality Propiedad do igualdad For any numbers a, b, and ¢, a= bthena+c=b+e For any numbers a, band c, 2. Roll up the bottom edges. ‘Alltabs should be the same size. ‘Addition (p. 186) 3 Grease and staple along Subtraction (p. 187) the fla ita=bttena— c= b—c | = Mutipeaon p19) | fovanytumpur and Division (p. 198) For any numbers a, b, and c, where = bthen d= 2 o#0ita=bythen 2= 2. 4. Label the tabs with topics from the chapter. 222 | chapter 5 | Multi-Step Equations and inequalitiesPerimeter and Area rn a @ Younave already @ +f Solve problems __@ In professional baseball, the found values involving the infield diamond is actually a of algebraic perimeters of square that measures 90 feet expressions by triangles and on each side. If srepresents substituting values rectangles. the length of the side of the ‘or the variables. (Lesson 1-2) square, then 4s would represent ete the distance around the square. involving the areas of triangles and rectangles. @ NewVocabulary | Focus on Why? Reterto the information above. formula perimeter ‘a. How far does a player run if he runs from home plate to second base? area 'b, How far does a player run if he hits a home run? 1 Perimeter A formula is an equation that shows a relationship among certain quantities. Formulas are commonly used in measurement. For ae a example, the distance around a geometric figure is called the perimeter. ‘GF KeyConcept Perimeter : Rectangle Triangle Model : Model " w i e é © “Words The perimeter ofa rectangle isthe sum |Words The perimeter of a triangle i the sum | of tice the length and twice the width. of the measures of all three sides. [Symbols P= 2¢ + 2wor P= 2(0 + w) Erie Find the perimeter of the triangle. P=atb+e ite th 5 formula, zasem P=128+ 285417 — Replace awith 128, 0 a with 28.5, and with 17 Wom P=58.3cm ‘Simplify. The perimeter is 58.3 centimeters. GuidedPractice 1, Find the perimeter of a rectangle with length 15.2 meters and width 10.5 meters. 223 § Aigoment mograw-il.coml* StudyTip Units of Measure When eee linear units such as feet, inches, or centimeters. ane aareoae square feet, square inches, —— en Math HistoryLink vJiuzhang Suanshu (¢.100ac) The Jiuzhang ‘Suanshu or Nine Chapters ‘on the Mathematical Art isa Chinese handbook of mathematics. The first ‘chapter deals with areas of shapes, a eee - ‘The perimeter of a rectangle is 42 feet. Its width is 10 feet. Find the length. P=2+2w Wirite the formula for perimeter, 42 = 2€ + 2(10) Replace Pwith 42 and wwith 10 42=26+20 Simpliy 42-20 = 2€+.20—20 Subiraction Property of Equality 22=2€ simpli Bn 28. vision Property of Equs F=7 Division Property of Equality sé ‘impli. The length of the rectangle is 11 feet. > GuideaPractice 2. The perimeter of a rectangle is 26 yards. Its length is 8 yards. Find the width. gue The measure of the surface enclosed by a figure is its afea. 1h KeyConcept Area Rectangle Words The area of a rectangle isthe product ofthe length and width Symbols A=ew Triangle Words ‘The area of atriangle is one-half | Model ‘the product ofthe base and height Symbols A= tbh | (Os iz7) Gms “a ‘The base of a triangle is 12 inches, and its height is 54 inches. Find the area. Wit the formula for area. Replace bwith 12 and Mrwith 5. ‘Simplify. This can also be written as 31.5 square inches, The area is 31.5 square inches. > GuidedPractice ‘Source Clark eraty 3. The width of a rectangle is 11.4 meters and its length is 18.9 meters. Find the area. J 224 | Lesson 5-1 | Perimeter and AreaStudyTip Literal Equations Example 4 the area formula contains 3 variables, When an equation or formuk ‘more than one variable, it 's called a iteral equation You can apply the properties of equality to solve for any ofthe variables, Check Your Understanding Examples and 3 Example 4 Eee ees DECORATING Tyler has enough blue paint to cover 800 square inches. He wants to paint a rectangular stripe on his bedroom wall that is 120 inches long. Find the width of the section == he can paint. Understand You know Tyler wants to paint a rectangle that is 120 inches long, He has enough paint to cover 800 square inches. You need to find. the width of the rectangle. Plan Use the formula A = éw to find the width. Solve Solve for w. Then substitute. A Write the formula for area. bo A : 4 Divide each side by € 4 side by Anw —siniy la has | Ps | $00 ay Replace Ath 200 ana € with 20 | 62 =w simply The stripe should be 63 inches wide. Check Check by multiplying. 120 - 62 = 800” > GuidedPractice 4, FLAGS The area of the triangular flag case shown is 69 square inches. Find the height of the case. Sas 1. Find the perimeter and area of the rectangle. a eaee tom 2, The perimeter of a rectangle is 45 meters. Its width is 6 meters. What is the length of the rectangle? @cnarts Dena’s mother is making a rectangular quilt. She has 117 squares and wants the quilt to be nine squares wide. How many squares will make up the length of the quilt?eee er oes O00) Pree es Examples Find the perimeter and area of each figure. Tand 3 5. gem Bem Tt 6. iom 7. sin ‘ain tom ‘12m 2in sit = Example 28 A rectangle has a length of 16.3 meters and a perimeter of 80.6 meters. What is the width of the rectangle? 9, Find the third side ofa triangle if the perimeter is 1244 feet and two of the sides each measure 364 fet. Example 4 10, PARKS The city park shown at the right has an area of 6889 square meters. The park's Iength along Front Street is 83 meters. Find Z. the length of the park along Second Avenue. 2 Second Ave, Find the missing dimension for each figure. ® 2 ‘Area = 432 em? w ‘Area = 361 | 19ft 360m € 13, FOOD The circumference of a circle is the distance around the circle. It can be found by using the formula C ~ 3.14 d, where d represents the diameter. Find the circumference, in inches, of the world’s largest pumpkin pie, which has a diameter of 14 feet. 14, GEOMETRY A trapezoid is a four-sided figure with exactly one set of parallel sides. a. The area of a trapezoid is one half the product of the height and the sum of the two bases b, and b,. Translate this relationship into a formula. Use the formula to find the area of each trapezoid shown below. b 140m c. oa 14in J 226 | Lesson 5-1 | Perimeter and Area15. GARDENING Use the diagram of a vegetable garden. sit a. You want to put fencing around the garden Hathateate to keep animals out. How much fencing, will you need? Aeetitonta b, If one bag of fertilizer covers 150 square feet, aan how many bags would you need for the garden? Find the area of each rectangle. 16. Al yi iB) | Co Ere Solve for the indicated variable. 18. a. 27. 28. d=rt 19. V=Ah st+p 22, P= 20+ w) ‘G) MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS In this problem, you will explore a rectangle that has a perimeter of 20 inches. 9 a. Tabular Copy and complete the table at the ul 2 16 right using only whole number values for 7 = : the length and the width. i 7 2 1 a a b. Graphical Graph the points (w, A) ona coordinate plane. Describe the graph. . OPEN ENDED Write and solve a real-world problem in which you would use the perimeter or area formula. . REASONING Classify the following statements as frue or false. Explain your reasoning and provide examples. a. The area of a larger rectangle that can be divided into smaller rectangles is the sum of the areas of the smaller rectangles. b, The perimeter of a larger rectangle that can be divided into smaller rectangles is the sum of the perimeters of the smaller rectangles. CHALLENGE Find the dimensions of a rectangle with the largest area if the perimeter of the rectangle is 40 feet. WRITING IN MATH Describe the effect on the perimeter and area of a rectangle if its length and width are doubled. - Jeon ion] 227 |EE Er ti ra dee tae 29, The rectangle below has a perimeter of, 31. Anarchitect designed a great room for the P yards. Martes family. The small carpeted areas are 8 foot squares. The rest of the floor is wood. wyo T9yd Which of the following could be used to find the width of the rectangle? Aw=P-29 Cw=5-129 | 40 P 57358 | Bw=P-238 Dw What is the area in square feet of the floor that is not carpeted? 30, If the width of a rectangle is doubled but Ae C 104 its length remains the same, what will happen to its area? a pus 7 i a Lie ie saapleacial are: 32, GRIDDED RESPONSE A rectangular desk in a Be classroom is 6 inches longer than it is wide. H The area will not change. The perimeter of the desk is 84 inches. J The area will be three times as large. What is its length in inches? Sneue 33, TEMPERATURE Suppose the current temperature is 17°F. It is expected to rise 3°F each hour for the next several hours. Write and solve an equation to find inhow many hours the temperature will be 32°F. (Lesson 48) Solve each equation. Check your solution. (son 4-5) 34, 22 = 8k 18, 35. 8=-S +15 36. 5 +3r—6=10 MEASUREMENT The table shows several conversions in the customary system. SESE Write and solve an equation to find each quantity. {.ess00 4-4) pit 37. the number of feet in 132 inches ‘mil = 5280 fet 38, the number of yards in 15 feet inde = ire yt ‘yard — 8 feat 39. the number of miles in 10,560 feet vit aie nhs ‘yard = 36 nches Find each quotient. (L23:0n 2-5) 40, —64 + (-8) 4, 72+ (-9) sl iy Evaluate each expression. (Losson 1-2) 42, 6w — 4ifw=9 43, 45 — 4vify=12 44, -7b — 9ifb = -6 | 228 | Lesson 5-1 | Perimeter and AreaSpreadsheet Lab ACCEL Wer) A spreadsheet allows you to use formulas to investigate problems. When ‘you change a numerical value in a cell, the spreadsheet recalculates the formula and automaticaly updates the results. Kina wants to build a kennel for her dog using 50 feet of fencing. She wants the dog to have the largest possible play area, Find the whole number dimensions of the kennel. eles c Al Length of Fencing Material 50 Length of Kennel Width ofKennel_—_[ Area Uf Erepresents the length then 25~ & represents the width. ‘The spreadsheet evaluates the formula 25-3, 2a: 23 22 2t 20 19 18 7 16 15 14 13 12 tt 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ‘The spreadsheet evaluates the formula A9 « B9. 9 10 1 12 13 14 ‘Sheet } Sheet 3 K|<]>[if Sheet 1 < TI ‘The largest area is 156 square feet. It occurs when the length is 12 feet and the width is 13 feet or the length is 13 feet and the width is 12 feet. Analyze the Results 1. What happens to the area as the length of the kennel increases beyond 14 feet? 2. Suppose you want to find the largest area you can enclose with 70 feet of fencing, Which cell should you modify to solve this problem? 3. Use a spreadsheet to find the whole number dimensions of the greatest area you can enclose with 60 feet, 70 feet, and 80 feet. 4, MAKE A CONJECTURE Use any pattern you may have observed in your answers to find the dimensions of the greatest area you can enclose with 100 feet of fencing. GuidedPractice Solve each equation. Check your solution. 2A, 2x +3 = 3x -2 2B. 5p + 15=p—49 Minis ses EXERCISE A personal trainer charges a one time fee of $60 plus $25 for each individual session, A new fitness club charges a yearly fee of $450 plus $10 for each session with a personal trainer, Write and solve an equation to determine for what number of sessions will the costs be equal. cost per session onetime . costper | numberof _ yearly Words “fee * session * sessions ~ fee > Variable Let $= number of sessions. > Equation 60+ + Real-WorldLink Personal trainers can help ‘teens build strength in order to avoid injuries in sports. Trainers for | teonagers should be - 3 Wet the equation tortegby anaomaly | 60 + 25s = 450 + 10s Write the equation recognized organization 60 + 25s — 10s = 450-+10s — 10s subtraction Property of Equality sear A ie Tinens 60 + 15s = 450 simplify. ) | 60-60 + 15s = 450 — 60 subtraction Property of Equity. Division Property of Equality Simply You would need to have 26 training sessions in order for the costs to be equal. > GuidedPractice 3, CRUISES Red Bird Cruises charges $85 per day plus a one-time fee of $75 for taxes and gratuities. King Cruises charges $100 per day plus a fee of $30. Write and solve an equation to determine for what number of days the charge for the cruises will be the same. | 232 | Lesson 5-2 | Solving Equations with Variables on Each SideTn Check Your Understanding Examples Solve each equation. Check your solution, Tand 2 Lx +6=3r 2. 4y = 2y —10 372-4 12432 4.10F-3= 1415 5. 28 — x= 3x84 6. 2p—7 = 13-8 Example 3 7, MONEY An Internet movie rental company charges a yearly membership fee of $50 plus $1.99 per DVD rental. Your neighborhood rental store has no membership fee and charges $3.99 per DVD rental. Write and solve an. equation to find the number of DVDs so the cost for each will be the same. gra ee aed Extra Practice begins on page EP2. Examples Solve each equation. Check your solution, Tand 2 8 2x43 10. 8 — 2c = 2c 12 -2+x=-242x 14, 2p =p+ dtp 15, 5b — 4b = 6b —2 Example 3 16. CAR RENTALS Use the table at the right to write and solve an equation to find the number of miles a rental car must be driven for each option to cost the same for one day. 17, MUSIC DOWNLOADS Denzel is comparing websites for downloading music. One charges a $5 membership fee plus $0.50 per song. Another charges $1.00 per song, but has no membership fee. Write and solve an equation to find how many songs Denzel would have to buy to spend the same amount at both websites. Solve each equation. Check your solution. 18. 3.2 +0.3x =0.2x +14 19, O4r= 20412 20, 7.2 — 3c = 20-2 21. 3-3.7b = 10.3b +10 2. —Jx+6= Fx 428 2, 2x—8=2043x \ 24, SHOPPING Gabriella bought some school supplies for $48 and then bought 3 CDs. Min did not buy any school supplies but bought 7 CDs. All the CDs cost the same amount and they both spent the same amount of money. Write and solve an equation to find the cost of one CD, 25, FINANCIAL LITERACY One cell phone company charges $19.95 a month plus $0.21 per text message, and a second company charges $24.95 per month plus f $0.16 per text message. For how many text messages is the cost of the plans the same? Omgannieny 233 f i=AGES Five years ago Ang was +-as old as Paula. Now he is Has old as Paula. Complete the table shown below. Then use the table to write and solve an equation to find their current ages SO 1 Ang te . Paula a a8 COASTLINE Florida’s coastline is 118 miles shorter than four times the coastline of Texas. It is also 983 miles longer than the coastline of Texas. Find the lengths of the coastlines of Florida and Texas. 28, GEOMETRY Use the square shown at the right, Dee 10 a, What is the value of x? b, Find the length of each side of the square. < 29, LANDSCAPE Jamie is going to fence the rectangular and triangular sections of, grass shown below. The perimeters of the two sections are now equal. If represents the width of the rectangle, how could you find the lengths of the sides of the rectangle and of the triangle? Justify your response and use your method to solve the problem. 40 W445, W445 was eeu 30. OPEN ENDED Write an equation that has variables on each side and has a solution of —2. 31, NUMBER SENSE Three times the sum of three consecutive integers x, x + 1,and x-+ 2, is 72, What are the integers? 32, CHALLENGE The formula F = 1.8C + 32 can be used to find the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit F when the temperature is given in degrees Celsius C. For what value is the temperature in degrees Fahrenheit equal to the temperature in degrees Celsius? Justify your reasoning by writing and solving an equation, (Hint: If Fahrenheit and Celsius are equal, they can be assigned the same variable.) 8 ERROR ANALYSIS Mykia solved the equation x lox +6 x 4 10x + 6 = 8x — 4. Her steps are shown at the right. = Is Mykia correct? Explain your reasoning, lox — lox +6 = gx ~ 4 — lox 34, ED warrine IN MATH Write a real-world problem that could be solved by using the equation 54 + 35x = 8x. Then solve the equation and interpret your solution. ) 234 | Lesson 52 | Soving Equations with Variables on Each sideStandardized Test Practice 35, Yesterday, the math club had 1 less than 38. A cellular company has the following 3 times their average attendance. Last options for text messaging plans. week they had 3 more than their average SC attendance. Ifthe attendance for both ee ee weeks were equal, what is the average PAT BOT) aT attendance? Plan B $20 $0.05 Al c3 BIZ Da Which equation shows how many text ; ; messages would need to be sent in order 36. For which of the following is —8 a for the costs for one month to be the same? solution? A. 10 + 0.05m = 20 + 0.15 aan B 10m +0.15 = 20m + 0.05 G 6m ~15=9m +9 H447s | C 10 + 0.15m = 20 + 0.05m J Sd-13=19 —34 D 10(m + 0.15) = 20(m + 0.05) 37. GRIDDED RESPONSE What is the solution of the equation 12x + 4 = 2x16? Sine Find the perimeter and area of each figure (Lesson 5-1) 39. 40, sit am 41. SPORTS Carla paid $45 to join a golf camp for the summer. She will also pay $15 for every private lesson that she takes. If she has budgeted $225 for the camp, how many private lessons can she take? (Losson 4-6) Simplify each expression. (Lesson 4-2) 42, 2x + 5x 43. 7b + 2b 44, y + 10y 45, WEATHER The table shows the number of tornadoes that occurred in Nebraska in May and the total number of tornadoes for selected years. What decimal part, rounded to the nearest hundredth, of the annual tormadoes occurred in May for each year? Lesson 3-1) 46, WEATHER The low temperatures for 7 days in January were ~2° F, 0° F,5°F, —1° F, 4° F, 2° F, and 0° F Find the average for the 7-day period. (Lesson 2-5) Soure: Nebraska Savere Weather Evaluate each expression. (Less00 1-2) 47. 80 +5,ifc=6 48, 22 — 3h, igh =4 49. 36 — (69), ifg Smectincrwcnicony 235 |Tiere ty ed @ Youhavealready = @ of Write © The table che! solved equations and inequalities. shows the Children under 2 graphed the soution Graph inequalities mission on a number line. ia Alantior Bn prices at a Children ages 2 - 11 (Lessons 4-3 and 4-4) water park ‘Adults ages 12- 59, NewVocabulary | Focus on Why? Reter tothe information above, Inequality a, Would a 2-year-old child be able to attend the water park free? - 'b, When would an adult age 34 pay less than $14 for admission? ¢, Find the difference between the admission prices before 3 p.w. for a person age 59 and fea a person age 60. Write Inequalities An inequality is a mathematical sentence that compares quantities that are not equal. Inequalities contain the symbols <)>)5,0r= Write an inequality for each sentence. a. The DVD costs more than $15. Words yy Symbols » Inequality b. A dog weighs less than 50 pounds. Words ‘Adog weighs less than 50 pounds. yr Symbols Let d= the weight ofthe dog) wy Inequality @ & GuidedPractice 1A, The height requirement is greater than or equal to 40 inches. 1B. The speed limit is less than or equal to 35 miles per hour, 236 | Lesson 5-3The table below shows some common verbal phrases and the corresponding mathematical inequalities. ReadingMath ConceptSummary Inequalities 7 Inequalities Notice that < >) < > 2 . and > are a combination | ‘of the < or > symbol with ‘isles than | is greater than is less than or equal to | * iS greater than or equal to, — ‘is fewer than ismore than is no more than *isno less than \ J | exceeds + is at most +isatleast Renee CIVICS You must be at least 18 years old to vote. Write an inequality to describe this situation. Words Yourage isatleast’ © 18 years wy Symbols Let @=Your age = Inequality Real-WorldL ink The rgt to vote as changed since the Constuton was wen 1870—The 15th Amendment incuded men | > GuldedPractice The inequality is a > 18. Bhcti 2, DRIVER'S EDUCATION A student must have at least 10 hours of instructor 1920—The 19th assisted driving time to pass the course. Write an inequality to describe Amendment gave women thissituation. the right to vote " 1971—The 26th “Amendient lowered the voting age from 21 years to 18 years, Inequalities with variables are open sentences. When the variable in an open ____) sentence is replaced with a number, the inequality may be true or false. For the given value, state whether each inequality is true or false. a. 2b+8>7;t=-1 b. p—42<-2;p=40 2t+8>7 write the inequality p-42<-2 write to inequality. 2-1) +837 Replace with —1 40-42 2-2 Replace p with 40. 6#7 simply —2<-2 simply This sentence is false. Although the inequality ~2 < ~2 is false, the equation ~2 = —2is true. So, this sentence is true. GuidedPractice BA 34x<12,x=6 3B. y—7<10,y=17 coment negra tinsel) 237 |2 Graph Inequalities Inequalities can be graphed on a number line. The graph helps you visualize the values that make the inequality true. c= —— — iPr) StudyTip Gres Graphing lequaliies >| Graph each inequality on a number line. When inequalities are ‘graphed, an open dot aa>6 ‘means the number isnot | induded te or>) anda Locate 6 on the number line. 118 Key point in the SH closed dot means tis TTTTE Troon inocualty Included (< or >) Draw an open dat on 6 because 6 is not included 123456789101 ‘The inequality a > 6 means that all numbers 123456789001 ‘greater than 6 wil make the sentence tre, Draw an arrow from the dot pointing tothe right hrs-1 | Lact —t on enamine i ey ot in SHG2101234 the inequality. EE HEH Dra a closed dot on 1 because —1 is included, BSAB2101234 The inequality x-< —1 means that all numbers Jess ett 6-5-4A-3-2-101234 than or equal to —1 will make the sentence true Draw an arrow from the dot pointing to the tet > GuidedPractice 4x <5 4B. x > -2 4c, x >0 ee Write an inequality for the graph. ~A3-2-10123456 An open circle is on 2, so the point 2 is not included in the graph. The arrow points to the right, so the graph includes all numbers greater than 2. The inequality is x > 2. D> GuidedPractice Write an inequality for each graph. BA te BB. 5-4-3-2-1012345 j-5-8-3-2-101 23 238 | Lesson 5-3 | InequalitiesCen es enn) Example 1 Write an inequality for each sentence. 1. Lacrosse practice will be no more than 45 minutes. : 2. Mario is more than 60 inches tall. Example 2 3, SOCCER More than 8000 fans attended the Wizards’ opening soccer game at Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri. Write an inequality to describe the attendance. Example 3 For the given value, state whether the inequality is true or false. 4. 13-x<4;x=9 5, 45 > 2x —5;x Example 4 Graph each inequality on a number line. 6 x<-1 yes &w>9 &z52 Example 5 Write an inequality for each graph. 10 The ttt B-S-A3-2-101234 410129456789 eeu eu iu) Example 1 Write an inequality for each sentence. 12, The elevators in an office building have been approved for a maximum load 63600 pounds. @ Children under the age of 2 fly free. 14, An assignment requires at least 45 minutes. 15, While shopping, Abby spent no more than $50. Example 2 ANALYZE GRAPHS The graph shows the z = average life span of various animals. BCS CE CUCU TG 16. The average lifespan of a Galapagos tortoise is at least 4 times that of a chimpanzee. Write an inequality for the lifespan of a tortoise. 17. The average lifespan of a lobster is at most the lifespan of a cat. Write an inequality for the lifespan of a lobster. ‘Source: Won Aimanae fr Kas Example 3 For the given value, state whether the inequality is true or false. 18. 13-4 <29;a=—30 19, 4b > —12;b=—4 20. 2c +18 <50;¢ 21, > 40;d=3 22. > -2%;f= 15 23. c+ 19 < 2c; =20 Micnnset nog 239 |Example 4 Example 5 Graph each inequality on a number line. wx <0 25. y>3 28. p>—4 2. t>6 2852-2 29,7<—4 Write an inequality for each graph. 30, tet Be i 5 3 4 1 3 6 2 0 2 4 6 82 tect. eft pp tt te BA eptmtatantatt ttt LEE aL anne 5 7 9 13 8 6 4 2 0 36. BUDGET Madison Middle School spends $750 per year on club activities. They spend at least twice that amount on after-school activities. Write an inequality that represents how much they spend on after-school activities. FOOTBALL Ina recent year, Drew Brees threw for 4418 yards. This is at most 500 yards more than Brett Favre's passing yards. Write an inequality that represents Brett Favre's passing yards. 38. RESEARCH Use the Internet or another source to find the state or national spending limits on certain government branches, organizations, or projects. Write an inequality to express one or more of these limits. 39. OPEN ENDED State three numbers that could be solutions of the inequality hy < —12, Then justify your response by using a number line. |. WRITING IN MATH Write an email to a friend who missed class today explaining how to tell the difference between graphing an inequality with a closed dot and one with an open dot. Use examples to clarify your explanation. 41, NUMBER SENSE Provide a counterexample to the statement All numbers less than O are negative integers. 42. ERROR ANALYSIS Alex and Carlos are graphing the inequality p < 14. Is either of them correct? Explain. Alex Carlos we | | ete ttt 2 8 1 18 0 2 14 18 18 43, E@ WRITING IN MATH Write a real-world example for the inequality below. haiti 1 18h 240 | Lesson 5-3 | InequalitiesStandardized Test Practice 44, Which of the following best represents the | 48, An elevator’s maximum load is 3400 sign shown? pounds. Which of the following best represents that sentence? F €>3400 H £=3400 G €< 3400 J €=3400 47. The Chess Club is having a bake sale to raise money for a tournament. The club must raise at least three times what they raised at the last bake sale. What is the minimum amount they must raise if the At>48 BE<48 last bake sale raised $45? 45, SHORT RESPONSE Graph the following AIS c $90 inequality on a number line. B $5 D $135 p<3 Solve each equation. (Les:00 5-2) 48, 31 — 6 = 6 +30 49, 2y + 14 = 42 — Sy 80. 3x = 12 —3r 51, 4p = —p—20 52. LANDSCAPING Jordan is paving a rectangular patio with 308 bricks. If there are 22 bricks running along the length of the patio, how many bricks run along the width of the patio? (Lesson 5-1) 53, CELLULAR PHONE A cell phone plan charges $7 per month and $0.10 per minute. If the monthly cost is $25, solve 10m + 700 = 2500 to find the number of minutes you can talk that month. (Lesson 45) Find each sum or difference. (Loss00 3-5) 2,1 3 7 3 3 v4 242 +e 56. -3+(-3) 13 2442 7459 57. 3 +( 58.72 442 58.530 +55 60. TEMPERATURE The low temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit for each day last week are -3°, 9°, 4°, —7°, 5°, 0°, and —1°. Find the average low temperature. (Lesson 2-5) Solve each equation. {Lessons 4-3 and 4-8) 61, 2y = 42 62, b+5=-10 63. 90 = —6¢ 64. 56 =c + 24 65. f—4.2=—6 66, —2.1m {piers 2a1 | 84Mid-Chapter Quiz CEST ea UCT eed Find the perimeter and area of each figure. (Lesson 5-1), 1. 2 in 3. MEASUREMENT Find the base ofa triangle if the height is 9.75 feet and its area is 58.5 square feet. (Lesson 5-1) 4, MEASUREMENT The perimeter of a rectangle is 28 inches. If the width is 5 inches, what is the length of the rectangle? (Lesson 5-1) 5. CAKES Mrs. Barsch had a cake made for her daughter's graduation party. The shaded area is where a photo will be placed and the rest of the cake will be covered with frosting. Bin. |28in 10 ‘36in. ‘a. What is the perimeter of the entire cake? bb, What is the area of the photograph? (Lesson 5-1) Solve each equation. Check your solution. (Lesson 5-2) 6. -2w+5=26+W 7. 62+ 2=42-6 8 12x—19=3x+8 ). MULTIPLE CHOICE An online game site has two membership plans. The first plan gives you unlimited play for $40 a month. The second plan charges a monthly access fee of $4.25 plus $2.75 for each hour you play. After how many hours do the two plans cost the same? (Lesson 5-2) A6Gh Boh c12h D130h 242 | chapter 5 | Mid-Chapter Quiz 40. TESTS Carolina's score is 5 less than twice Aiko’s score, It is also 45 points greater than Alko's score. What score did the two girls receive? (Lesson 5-2) Write an inequality for each sentence. |esson 5-3) 11. More than 35,000 people attended a college football game. 12, Toby wants to spend no more than 3 hours working on his model car. 13, Jameson's new guitar will cost at least $450. 14, MULTIPLE CHOICE Which of the following represents the inequally — 2 < y? (Lesson 5) Fendt t= BAB21012345 6 1011 12 13 1415 1617 18 19.20 Ho BAB21012345 J : -3-2-1012945 For the given value, state whether each inequality is true or false. (Lesson 5-3) 15, 4a+5>16;a=4 16. 3m —12< —40; m=9 17, 58 +8 > 10; 3 Graph each inequality on a number line, (.esson S-3) 18.8>d 19. f< 11 20, FITNESS The table shows a gym class's average results for boys and girs participating in the Jong jump. Male 17 feet 5 inches Female 14 feet 3 inches CChing-Li could jump no farther than 12 inches more than the average distance for males. Write an inequality that gives the possible distances that Ching-Li could jump. (Lesson 5-3)© You have already used the Properties, of Equality to solve equations, (Lessons 4-3 and 4-4) @ as © 4 Solve inequalities by @ The bar graph is Solving Inequalities Ld a 'TOUG Using the Addition shows the number a and Subtraction of touchdowns BS Properties of the starting = Inequality. (quarterbacks for 2 Solve inoqualities by Poin entire =< mmuttiplying or dividing season, rr by a positive or negative number. Focus on Why? Reter to the information above. a, Write an inequality that compares the number of touchdowns thrown by Anthony and Malik. 'b, Suppose each quarterback threw 3 more touchdowns. Write a new inequality that compares the number thrown by Anthony and Malik. 1 Solve Inequalities by Adding or Subtracting In this situation you added 3 to each side of the inequality. The inequality was still true. This and other similar examples suggest the following properties. [ KeyConcept Addition and Subtraction Properties ] Words ‘When you add or subtract the same number from each side of an inequality the inequality remains true. | Symbols For all numbers a, 6, and c, | 1. ifa b,then a+ o> b+canda—c>b—c. Example 5<9 NW>6 | 5+4<944 11-3>6-3 | 93 | These properties are also true fora = band a= b. Solve x + 5 > 12. Check your solution. x+5> 12 Write the inequality, =5 -5 Subtraction Property of inequality x> 7 Simplify CHECK x+5>12 Write the inequality, 945312 Replace x with any number greater than 7 14>12¥ —Thestatementis ti GuidedPractice 1A y+10<3 1B. x+7>10StudyTip ‘When graphing inequalities, it is often easier to visualize the solution when the eiancewanet wariable is on the left side of the inequality symbol Inequalities In an equation, if a = b, then b= a.inan inequalty, if a< bythen b> a Bree Solve 3 7 but 7 < 248 3 44. CHECK 3e+7 2B.b+3>2 2 Solve Inequalities by Multiplying or Dividing by a Positive Number Some inequalities like 4x > 8 are solved by multiplication or division. You can multiply or divide each side of an inequality by a positive number and the inequality is still true. @ KeyConcept Multiplication and Division Properties Pat sire — a | ‘When you multiply or divide each side of an inequality by the same positive StudyTip | ‘number, the inequality remains true. Teen net The >} Symbols For all numbers a, band c, where c > 0, statement c> Omeans eit that eis @ poste number | 1. ifa< bythen ac-< beand 2< 4. b ¢ A 2. ifta> b,then ac > beand 4 > Example -6<10 20 > 16 20. 16 —6-2<10-2 BB ~12<20 5>4 so true for a < band a> b. y 244 | Lesson 5-4 | Solving InequalitiesStudyTip ‘Words to Symbols Remember, at most translates to <, while at eastransates to > Real-WorldLink Jewelry and other artifacts made of gold have been Aiscovered in archaelogical sites that date back to 3000 bez Soure:Satsonian Eee JEWELRY Macy is making each of her 7 friends a bracelet. She does not want to spend more than $40 on the bracelets. Find the maximum cost for each bracelet. Understand You know that Macy wants to make 7 bracelets and does not want to spend more than $40. You need to determine the most she can spend per bracelet. Plan Since Macy wants to spend at most $40, write and solve an inequality using the symbol < Number of st must be less — friends ses GE) conse, a Variable Let ¢= the cost ofeach bracelet ee Inequality 7 Write the inequatity Division Property of Inequality SSS or5 7385 —Sinplil Macy can spend no more than $5.71 per bracelet. Check If she spends $5.71 per bracelet, then the total cost is $5.71 x 7 or $39.97. If she spends $5.72 per bracelet, then the total cost is $5.72 x 7 or $40.04. So, the answer is correct. > GuidedPractice 3. WORK It takes Alfonzo 7 hour to mow a lawn. Write and solve an inequality to find the number of lawns he can mow if he works at least 15 hours. 3 Multiply or Divide an Inequality by a Negative Number What W happens when each side of an inequality is multiplied or divided by a negative number? Since 4s tothe right of 2<4. Graph 2 and 4 on a number line SURED 32101234 Now, multiply each number by —1 Since ~2:5 tothe right of -4,-2> 4. Notice that the numbers being compared switched positions as a result of being multiplied by a negative number. In other words, their order reversed. This suggests the properties shown on the next page. Aijementincoawctcon) 245 b= | Words When you multiply or divide each side of an inequality by the same negative ‘StudyTip |] ‘umber, the inequality symbol must be reversed for the inequality to remain true. Negative Number The Symbols For all numbers a,b, and c, where c < 0, statement c< 0 means eres that cis a negative number. { 1. ifa< 6, then ac > beand ¢ > ¢ 2. ifa> b,thon ac < boand 4 < % | Example —4<5 18> —12 18-12 4.-a>5--3 W2>-15 -6<4 0 true for a << band a > These properties ar Ezoe StudyTip Checking Solutions For Example a, try a number / thats ss than —9t0 show its nota solution. a, 5x < 45 5x <45 White the inequality. Write the inequality. Hs 45 | =Bx 5, 45. Division Property of Mutiptication Prop: ane [| eS na om 50 £45 | x>—9 Simply Simply “3-1-9 7 $8 3 4h 4 4B 50 82 GuldedPractice ¥ an -4<3 4B. 7 > -2f Tee (ech ep Solutions begin on page R13. fy Example 1 Solve each inequality. Check your solution. Ly +7s12 2.b+20>-13 @-7<1+03) Example 2. Solve each inequality. Graph the solution on a number line. 4. d—932125 5.34>f-4 6 g-22< 40 Example 3. 7. JOBS Isabel earns $7.50 per hour on the weekends. Write and solve an inequality to find how many hours she needs to work to earn at least $120. Example 4 Solve each inequality. Graph the solution on a number line. 8 -20 < —4¢ 9, -82 < -24 10. 18> —2 ) 246 | Lesson 5-4 | Solving InequalitiesExamples Tand2 Example 3 Example 4 ctice and Problem Sol qj Eta ae eee Solve each inequality. Check your solution. ta +18 <40 12. h—12>52 13. y-42<65 14. ¢+5.9>10 15. p—14>12 16. x +375<5 Wn-01<14 18.7>242 19. 2220-21 20.1329+b aad —36 28. 7y < -49 2, ~5m > 15 2B. —2p < -3 30, —66 > —11t 31. Zy>63 3-7 >3 HOMEWORK Khadijah has at most three hours to work on a math assignment and a history project. Ifthe math assignment will take hour, how much time can Khadijah spend working on her history project? 38. STATE FAIRS The 2008 attendance at the Ohio State Fair was at least 16,700 less than the attendance in 2009. If the attendance in 2008 was 809,300, write and solve an inequality to find the 2009 attendance, Solve each inequality. Check your solution, .0-35<2 40. b+ 42>04 4M. 26<5—c 42, 12-d>40 43.45 >37 4. f-8<-11 A 7 > 4%. t-6=25 46. -9.6 > 39 a. -Fe Write an inequality to represent each situation. Then solve the inequality. 48. Seven more than a number is at most 24. 49, The quotient of a number and —3 is greater than the quotient of 5 and 6. 50. 18 is at least the product of ~6 and a number. 51. The difference of a number and 15 is no more than -8. 52, FINANCIAL LITERACY Brian is saving money to buy a new mountain bike. The bike that he likes costs $375.95, and he has already saved $285.50. Write and solve an inequality to find the amount he must still save.Solve each inequality. Check your solution. @ 4-722 54.8 < — 55. 3b +15 < 8-5 56, F—12>-18 87. -3d-6 29 58, 13 —3n <8 50, 11-2¢>-7-8¢ 60. 15-49 61. -12 > -397-18 62, G) MULTIPLE REPRESENTATIONS Consider the inequalities b > 4 and b < 13. a. Graphical Graph each inequality on the same number line. b. Verbal Do the solution sets of the two inequalities overlap? If so, what does this overlapping area represent? ©. Algebraic A compound inequality is an inequality that combines two inequalities. Write a compound inequality for the situation. 4. Graphical Look back at the graph of the solutions for both inequalities. Make another graph that shows only the solution of the compound inequality. Graph each compound inequality on a number line. 63, -3 m > -2 65. 8 x? Explain your reasoning. 72, WRITING IN MATH Explain to a friend who was not in class today how to solve inequalities that involve multiplication and division. y) 248 | Lesson 5-4 | Solving InequalitiesSEU heir Bo aide te fey 73, The length of the rectangle is greater than | 75. The solutions for which inequality are its width. Which inequality represents the represented by the following graph? possible values of x? te =20 -18 16 14 12 —10 y—sen z 25-5 on C3 Axsi7 cre Bx7 ___ 76. EXTENDED RESPONSE The product of a 74, If n + 15 > 4, then 1 could be which of the number and fouris at most thirty following values? We here Fis oa a. Write an inequality for the sentence. ar yaa b, Solve the inequality. ¢, Graph the solution on a number line. Sea Ta Write an inequality for each sentence. (Lesson 5-3) 71. Leticia made at least $45 babysitting last weekend. 78, Mare could pay no more than $8500 for his car. 79. Adrienne needs an 86% or better to get a B in the class. Solve each equation. Check your solution. (Less00 5-2) 80. 4 +5 = —6h —19 81. 7d — 13 = 17 + 3d 83. 2g +12 =3¢-1 84, 8y +5 = 5y—5+2y 86, PLUMBING A standard showerhead uses about 6 gallons of water per minute. The table shows the relationship between time in minutes and the number of gallons of water used. (Lesson 1-5) a. Given m, the number of minutes, write an equation that can be used to find g, the number of gallons used. b, How many minutes elapsed if 72 gallons of water were used? Ski iow Solve each equation. (\es90" 4-5) 87. 3+ 1=7 88, 5y—4=11 89. 4h + 6= 22 90. 81 +3 91.37 =4d +5. 92, 9=15 + 2ppear a A a Solving Multi-Step Equations BUM Cee aS Now ria @ Youhave already —@ +f Solve multi-step @ A.good rule to know when solved two-step equations. ‘raining for @ marathon is you equations and will generally have enough Solve multi-step endurance to finish a race inequalities thatis 3 times your average ally distance. inequaltes. NewVocabulary | Focus on Why? Reterto the information above. nul or empty set | identity a. Write an equation that represents the relationship between daily average distance dand possible race lengths J. b, Suppose your average dally run is 2 kilometers. Write an equation that represents the amount that you need to increase your daily run by dto have enough endurance for a ‘L.EE.Aa, 7.EE.Ab, 8.EE.7, 12-kilometer race. BETA, 8.EE.7b 1 Solve Equations and Inequalities with Grouping Symbols To find the minimum number of kilometers you need to increase your daily run, you can solve the equation 3(d + 2) = 12. First, use the Distributive Property to remove the grouping symbols. a, Solve 3(d + 2) = 12. Check your solution, 3 +2)=12 Write the equation, 3d +6 =12 Distributive Property -6 -6 Subtraction Property of Equality 1 Neila a Sinypily Division Property of Equality alee = simiy b, Solve 4(x — 3) > 6. A(x 3) >6 Write the inequality 4x-12> 6 Distributive Property +12 +12 Subtraction Property of Inequality 4x>18 Simpy 42538 Property of inequality Gog Division Property of inequality x>45 simply. GuidedPractice Solve. Check your solution. 1A. 3= 400 +2) 1B. 4(b 3) < 72 ] 250 | Lesson ssAlternative Method You GuidedPractice F 10 pounds room cost + the number of guests x the cost per guest 575 = 75 + 40c + 200 575 — 275 = 40c + 275 — 275 G 13 pounds Solve 4(x + 5) = 3(2x + 4). Check your solution, Write the equation Distributive Property Subtraction Property of Equality simpliy Subiraction Property of Equality Simply Division Property of Equality Solve each equation. Check your solution. 2B. 5(n — 3) =3(n +7) a REIL nese eee Mariella’s parents have budgeted $575 for her Quinceaiiera celebration. The cost of the party room is $75, How much can the family spend per guest on food if each of the 40 guests receives a $5 favor? B $7.50 C $8.00 D $9.50 You need to find the amount of money the family can spend per guest Write the Distributive Property Simplify Subtraction Prop of Equality simplify Division Pro of Equality 3, Sofia recycled 3 pounds less than the amount that James recycled. Hannah recycled 3 times the amount that Sofia recycled. If they recycled a total of 53 pounds, how many pounds did Sofia recycle? H 30pounds J 35 pounds connectD.megraw-hil.com 254WatchOut! Inequality Signs Do not reverse the inequality sign Just because there is @ ‘negative signin the inequality. Only reverse the sign when you multiply oF ivide by a negative number ReviewVocabulary Identities. An identity isan equation that shows that a ‘number or expression is ‘equivalent to ise. (Lesson 1-3) Ade Menty a+0=a Muttilicatve identity ael=a eees 5-8-3-2-1012345 GuidedPractice AA. —2(kk +1) > —16 + 5k Solve 5a — 8 > 4(a — 3). Graph the solution on a number line. 5a ~8 = 4(a—3) Write the inequality, 5a — 8 = 4a —12 Distributive Property. Sa —8—4a > 4a—12— 4a ‘Subtraction Property of inequality a-8>-12 simply. o-84+82-124+8 ‘Adeition Property of Inequality az-4 Simply Graph the solution on a number lin. Solve each inequality. Graph the solution on a number line. 4B. 2p +5 > 3(p —6) No Solution or All Numbers as Solutions Some equations have no solution. When this occurs, the solution is the Hulljoremptyiset, shown by the symbol @ or {}. Other equations may have every number as their solution. ‘An equation that is true for every value of the variable is called an i@@mtity. Solve each equation. a. ly — 5) +25 =3y +10 3(y —5) +25 =3y +10 By — 15 +25 =3y + 10 3y + 10 =3y + 10 3y +10 —3y =3y + 10 —3y 10 =10 ‘The statement 10 = 10 is altuays true. The equation is an identity and the solution set is all numbers. Wit the equation Use the Distributive Propet. simply Subtraction Property of Equality Simpily. b. —8s — 14 = 2025 +3) — 95 5s — 14 = 2(2s +3) — 95 —5s - 14= 48+ 6—9s Write the equation. Use the Distributive Property, —5s — 14 = 6 — 5s Simpy —Ss— 14 + 5s = 6 — 5s +55 Addition Property of Equality -14=6 Simply The statement —14 = 6 is never true. The equation has no solutions and the solution set is 0. GuidedPractice 5A, -2(3r +4) = -5r- 8-1 5B. 14 + 8w = 4(8 + 2w) ) 252 | Lesson 5-5 | Solving Multi-Step Equations and InequalitiesCen esa) Fxgmpleg Solve. Check your solution. 1. AG +1) = 28 3. 2(a — 2) = 3(a — 5) @r+2 =2r+2) 7. 6x +4 =2(31 —5) 9. 3(1+2/)-5=6f-2 ep Solutions begin on page Ri 2. 35 =7(2p—1) 4, 16(2 + 3) = 4(2 + 9) 6. 3(d — 2) = 5(d + 8) 8. 20f + (—8f— 15) = 3(4f— 5) 10. 7x +5 = 10(x —7) - 3x Example 3. 11, MULTIPLE CHOICE You and three friends are going to the fair. The cost for parking is $5 per car and admission to the fair is $19 per person. If you have a total of $113, how much can each person spend on food? Ast B $8 c $12 D $24 Examples Solve. Graph the solution on a number line. tand 4 12, =2(k — 2) = -20 14, -2g-1) >g—4 16. 6(-22 + 5) <-192 +16 irra Ee Ce 13, Gr +7)2<—34 15. 5p +8 =3(p + 6) 17, 10p <= 7(2p — 4) Ea fee eee Examples Solve. Check your solution. 1,2and 5 18. 61 — 18 = 4(n + 2) 20, 122 +4 =2(52 +8) —12 2. 3x +2=22x—7) 24, A(2c +8) = 5(c + 4) 26. 3x +245(¢—-1)=8r +17 19, 12y + 5(y—6) =4 21, d-12=4(d - 6) 23. 6(y — 5) = 2(10 + 3y) 25, 10 + 12p = 3 + 4p) 27. 10z + 4 = 252 + 8) — 12 Example 3. 28. GEOMETRY The perimeter of a rectangle is 50 centimeters. The length of the rectangle is one more than 3 times the width of the rectangle. What are the dimensions of the rectangle? 29, FINANGIAL LITERAGY Tim is taking the train to Seattle to visit his grandparents. He was given $15 to spend on snacks and reading material. Granola bars cost $1.15 each, and magazines cost $1.25. If Tim buys the same number of granola bars and magazines, how many can he buy? es Solve, Graph the solution on a number line. Vans 35 20 > 5(u +3) 31, -32.< 93h +2) +4 32. 3(6m — 4) > 24 33. 10(3 + s) < ds 34. 3y — 6 > 4(y—3) 35. 8(2h-+ 6) < 12h +20 36, 3(3r +5) > 244 10r 37. 141 — 28 < 7(t +6) connectED.megraw-hil.com) 253 B38. SCHOOL Nomar has earned scores of 73, 85, 91, and 82 on the first four of five math tests for the grading period. He would like to finish the grading period with a test average of at least 82. What is the minimum score Nomar needs to ear on the fifth test in order to achieve his goal? Solve. 39, —0.2(3¢ + 15) = 3(0.8 — 8) 40, 2(t + 12) — 6(2F- 3) = 14 M1. 5-T(n-6) <4 42. 6n — 18 > 4(n + 2.1) 43, 2.01c — 6 = —0.15c + 6.96 44, Fx + 13 > 0.25(2x — 32) @ sswnnine Refer to the application at the beginning of the lesson. Tammy wants to beable to run af least the standard marathon distance of 26.2 miles. The length of her curtent daily run is about 4 miles. To the nearest hundredth, by how many miles should she increase her daily run to meet her goal? 46, REPAIRS Cole is having his car repaired. The mechanic said it would cost at least $375 for parts and labor. If the cost of the parts was $150, and the mechanic charges $60 an hour, how many hours is the mechanic planning to work on the car? Solve. Justify each step in the solution. Use a Property of Equality or Inequality when necessary. 47. A(y — 3) = 2y + 10) 48, 5(2/—1) =3(f +3) 49, —1.2(w + 1.1) < 6.18 80. p>F-}) Ce Eu 51. OPENENDED Write a multi-step inequality that can be solved by first adding 3 to each side. 52. WRITING IN MATH Explain how you can solve 45 > —6x + 3 without multiplying or dividing by a negative number. 53, ERROR ANALYSIS Jada and Liu are solving 3x — 9 < 5{x + 10). Is either of them correct? Explain your reasoning. Jada Ln, 3x - 155i + 10) Se — 95 Ste + 10) 3x-725K+ 10 Sx 95 Se +50 x 319 ~ae Ss oe xB-45 x5 298 54, CHALLENGE Use the information in Example 5 about equations that have no solutions or those that are identities to solve the following inequalities. Justify each step in the solution. a, Sx — 6 > 3(x— 2) + 2e b. 12p +17 < 3(4p —8) 55. WRITING IN MATH Explain how to determine if an equation has no solution, one solution, or if all numbers are solutions. Use examples with your explanation. y 254 | Lesson 5-5 | Solving Multi-Step Equations and inequalitiesStandardized Test Practice have the same perimeter. dy +16 > —4 56. Find the value of x so that the polygons | 88. What is the solution of this inequality? | | | 4 x aap Ns Fxe3 xn? Gxrs3 cial Hxre5 AZ cs Jxs5 Be a 59, Sandra’s scores on the TaN 57. GRIDDED RESPONSE Damon spent $42, init fryecmeaenice tents 1 85 including tax, on shelves he bought at a are shown. Which z Zz home improvement store. The price of the oe represents shelves, including tax, was $7 for two thescore; iene a 3 90 shelves. In the equation below, s represents. receive on the sixth 4 95 the number of shelves Damon bought. test to have an average 3 6 score of more than 88? 42 = (7 + 2) As 286 Cs<88 How many shelves s did Damon buy? Head Des sé Sieieue Solve each inequality. Graph the solution on a number line. (.0ss0n 5-4) 60, -25' < 400 6.8>4 62. 14>740 63, -13> 1-8 64-3 ) Sore. © Solving an inequality means finding values for the variable that make the inequality true. © When you multiply or divide each side of an inequality by a positive number, the inequality symbol remains the same. © When you multiply or divide each side of an inequality by a negative number, the inequality symbol must be reversed. To solve an inequality that involves more than one operation, work backward to undo the operations. StudyOrganizer Be sure the Key Concepts are noted in your Foldable. } 256 | chapters | Study Guide and Review i KeyVocabulary B area (0.224) formula (p.223) identity (9,252) inequality (p.250) ‘null or empty set (9. 252) perimeter (p. 223), VocabularyCheck Choose the correct term to complete each sentence. 1. An (equation, inequality is a mathematical sentence that contains a less than or greater than symbol. 2, (Perimeter, Area) is the distance around a geometric figure. 3. The inequality symbol must be reversed when you multiply or divide by a (positive, negative) number. 4. When finding the are of a tianle mutiny (2, 3) by the product ofthe base and height. 5. The symbol = means (less than, greater than) or equal to. 6. The statement d + 0 = dis an example of the (additive, multiplicative) identity. 7. The area of a rectangle is equal to the (sum, product) of the length and width, 8. The (Addition, Distributive) Property can be used to remove grouping symbols. 9. The measure of the amount of space in a figure is the (perimeter, area). 10. Anull or empty set is shown by the symbol (0, \).Lesson-by-Lesson Review Perimeter and Area (pp, 223-228) Find the perimeter and area of each figure. 11. 12, St en 7m St 13, 14, Tin gin 4em Sem tin 3om 15, GYMNASTICS The area of a gymnastics mat is 142.5 square feet. If the width of the mat is 9.5 feet, what is the length? cua Find the perimeter and area of a 12 inch by 6 inch rectangle. P= e+ w) of a rectangle = 21246) Replace ¢ with 12 and w with 6 = 36 ‘The perimeter is 36 inches. A= tw }2(6) 2 ‘The area is 72 square inches, Area of a rectangle Repl Solve each equation. Check your solution. 16. 32+ 6 =2a 17. 10 —x=9x 18, b-6=—b+2 19.5 + 2y-12=y+9 20. 949+ 6 =69-9 2. c—12=40—12 22, MOVIES An online DVD rental club has two membership plans as shown. Write and solve an equation to find how many months it would take for the total cost of the two plans to be the same. Co A $20 $5 8 800 3 Solving Equations with Variables on Each Side (pp, 231-2 (Seer Solve 8x + 6 = 4x— 10. Check your solution. 8x46 =4x—10 Write the equation, 8x— A+ 6 = 4x—4x— 10 Suitraction Property of Equality 4x46 =—10 4x+6-6=-10-6 Simplify Subtraction Property Equality 4x = —16 -4 Di Eq xe roperty of CHECK «= 8x+6=4x—10 8(—4) +6 2 4(—4) — 10 -32+62 16-10 =26 = -26V Aeccosticene 257Study Guide and Review continued Cit si oeioee Write an inequality for each sentence. 23. Jeremiah can spend at most $15 at the store. 24, There are more than 35 students in the band. For the given value, state whether each inequality is true or false. W.xX+6>7,x=2 26. 13—a<9,a=10 27. 16 <4a,a=4 28. 3m+4>12,m=2 29. 6x > 18, x=3 30. 6b+4>12,0=2 [SEW oes State whether x— 6 > 12 is true or false for x = 15. x-6>12 15-6212 9312 The sentence is false. So, 9 ¥ 12. Write the inequality, Replace x with 15, Simplify Solving Inequalities (pp 243-240) Solve each inequality. Graph the solution on a number line. Bx 48 By+3Etl 33.a—15<3 34. x+ 13 > —22 35. —37< —24 36. 6h > 42 37. -5x< -13 38. 2x>6 39, MUSIC Jose can spend at most $120 for CDs. If each CD costs $20, write and solve an inequality to show the maximum number of CDs Jose can buy. (Seok Solve x— 3 < 10. Then graph the solution on a number line. x-3<10 Write the inequality. X=343< 1043 Addition Property of inequality x<13 Simplify Graph the solution et 78 9101112191415 1617 18 Solve. Check your solutior 40. 8b+5 = 21 42, 12 =6(z—4) 43, S12 + 4a =21 44, —4g—5>-17 45, 18 > —12+4+ 6m 48, 24 -30<15 47. 2k+9<5 48. SALES Acar sales associate receives a monthly salary of $1700 a month plus $140 for every car he sells, How many cars must he sell monthly to earn at least $4500? Selo Solve —5m + 8 > 23. 5m +8 = 23 Write the inequality —5m+8—8>23=8 Subtraction Property of Inequality —5m=15 Siri 5m. 18 Division Property 0 as Soe Inequality ms-3 simply 258 | Chapters | Study Guide and ReviewPractice Test 1, MULTIPLE CHOICE The rectangle below has a ength of 20 centimeters and a perimeter of P centimeters. Which equation could be used to find the width of the rectangle? 20m AP=4045 CP=20+w BP =40+2w D P= 20420 2. MEASUREMENT If the length of the side of each square is 6 units, what is the perimeter and area of the rectangle? Solve each equation. Check your solution. 3.61 =3b+7 4, -27 + 15x =33 - 9x 5, l6y +24 =—18 + 9y 6. (m1 + 6) = 105 7. 8-17 =75—5) 8, 9(12 + 42) = 3(6z — 18) 9, PROJECTS The eighth grade class is making digital yearbooks on a DVD. One company, charges a rate of $235 plus an additional $0.75 per DVD. Another company charges $125 plus $1.63 per DVD. Write and solve an equation to determine for what number of DVDs the costs will be equal For the given value, state whether the inequality is true or false. 10. 3x +8 >56;x=15 M1. 72 < Sx —3;x = 16 12, Wort r7x=4 Graph each inequality on a number line. 13. -5 45 Samy 2mm Tem 3. On Monday, the price of a share of stock was $79. It fell $3 each day for 11 consecutive days. F 32 millimeters Which of the following expressions could you G 35 millimeters use to find the price of the stock on any one of | . those days? H 37 millimeters A3d479 J 41 millimeters B3d—79 C -3d4+.79 D —34—79 7. The top running speed of a lion is $ that of a cheetah. If a cheetah can run up to 70 miles per hour, how fast can a lion run? : a ) A 45 mph | Test-TakingTip i. 7 Question 2 Read the problem carefully and ook for Keywords 50 mp! tohelp you choose the correct inequality The words a last © 55mph | suggest greater than or equal, \ J D 60mph 262 | Chapter 5 | standardized Test Practice