IEEE 802.15.

4g Standards
• IPv6 based Wireless Smart Utility Network (Wi-SUN) based on IEEE 802.15.4g
– IEEE 802.15.4g, also known as the Smart Utility Networks (SUN), was approved by IEEE in
March, 2012
• Initially Japan focused, now expanding globally (US, South East Asia, India, Europe)
• Target smart utility use cases:
– Gas metering; demand/response; distribution automation
• PHY layer based on IEEE 802.15.4g but the specification will be categorized based on
use cases
– Frequency: 868 MHz (EU), 915 MHz (USA), 2.4 GHz ISM bands (worldwide)
• MAC may be based on or not based on 802.15.4. Application dependent

3 PHY formats supported:

• MR-FSK: 2FSK and 4FSK
• MR-OFDM: available but not
popular
• MR-O-QPSK: DSSS and
multiplexed DSSS

*MR: Multi-rate and multi-regional, O-QPSK: Offset QPSK

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies
Heterogeneous Mix of Technologies Red text – emerging IoT
technologies
• Bluetooth LE
• ZigBee
• Thread (6LoWPAN)
• Z-Wave
• ANT+ • 802.11a/b/g/n/ac
• WirelessHART
• ISA100.11a (6loWPAN) • 802.11af (white space)
• Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN)
• EnOcean • 802.11ah & 802.11p
• Plus more • ZigBee-NAN (6LoWPAN)

• Cellular
• 2G/3G/4G
Wireless • LTE-MTC
Wireless Wireless
Wireless Local Wide Area • 5G in the future
Personal Area Neighborhood
Area Network Network
Network Area Network • Low Power Wide Area
(WLAN) (WWAN) (LPWAN)
(WPAN) (WNAN)
• SIGFOX
• LoRa
• Telensa
• PTC
Short range (10 – 100 meter) • Plus more
Short/Medium range (100 -
Medium range Long range
1000 meter)
(~ 5 - 10 km) (up to 100 km)

Note 1: No stringent definition of what is considered WPAN, WLAN, WWAN. 2

Note 2: What is shown is not a complete list of radio formats

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 Low Power Wide Area Networks
(LPWAN)
• What is LPWAN?
– Typically star networks with up to100km coverage centred on a gateway
– Optimized for machine type communication:
• Very low data rates
• Long battery life
• Low duty cycle to co-exist in shared spectrum
• Typical applications
– Street lighting (Telensa widely deployed)
– Parking space occupancy sensors
– Burglar alarm back-up (cellular jammers widely available)
– Social housing use cases (e.g. smoke alarm and energy credit policing SIGFOX in UK)
– Pet tracking
– Garbage collection bin fill level for pick up route optimization (LoRa)
– Agricultural sensors
– Forest fire detection
3

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 IoT Key Enabling Technologies
LoRa (Long Range)
TM

• LoRa : Long Range M2M communications used for applications like the Internet of
Things, IoT, using very low power levels. LoRa Alliance is an open, non-profit
association that was formally launched at MWC in 2015.
Members of the LoRa Alliance Frequency bands: sub-1GHz ISM
include Actility, Cisco, Eolane, bands: 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (North
IBM, Kerlink, IMST, MultiTech, America), 433 MHz (Asia)
Sagemcom, Semtech, and Bandwidth: 7.8 kHz ~ 500 kHz.
Microchip Technology. Modulation:
Chirp Spread spectrum modulation
Forward error correction, FEC
Key Features
•Low Cost
•Low power: Long battery life
in excess of ten years
•Long range: ~15 - 20 km
4

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

LoRa WAN Network Architecture

• LoRa gateways are a bridge relaying messages between end-nodes and a central network
server
– End-nodes use single-hop wireless communication to one or more gateways
– Gateways are connected to the network server via standard IP connections such as 3G/4G cellular
network
– A LoRa gateway deployed on a building or tower can connect to sensors more than ten miles away
5

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 IoT Key Enabling Technologies
SIGFOX
• SIGFOX is a startup in France building a low cost
network dedicated for IoT (low throughput)
• Uses unlicensed spectrum – mostly sub-GHz band
and patented ultra narrow band (UNB)
communication
– Ultra low throughput - ~100 bps
• Device can send between 0 and 140
messages per day, each message is up
to 12 bytes
– Low power : Up to 20 yars of battery life
– Long range – up to 30 miles in rural area
and 2-6 miles in urban area
• Devices require a SIGFOX modem to connect to
SIGFOX network
• Target applications: smart meter, pet tracking,
smoke detector, agriculture etc…
• Networks deployed in France, Netherlands,
Russia and Spain; Launching 902 MHz network in
San Francisco 6

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 IoT Key Enabling Technologies
Cellular - LTE Machine Type Communication (LTE-MTC)
3GPP RAN Group
3GPP Rel 12 – Introduction to LTE-MTC (UE Cat-0)
Low device cost: Long battery life
• DL peak data rate – 1 Mbps ( vs. 10 Mbps in Cat-1) • Added new UE power saving mode (PSM)
• LTE BW – 20 MHz
• # of UE receive chains – 1 ( vs. 2 in Cat-1)
• Optional Half Duplex ( vs. full duplex in Cat-1)

3GPP Rel 13 further improvements planned to LTE-MTC (scheduled for completion in 2016)
Low device cost: Long battery life: Enhanced coverage:
• Reduced UE receive bandwidth to 1.4 10+ years battery life 15 – 20 dB coverage
MHz enhancement
• DL peak data rate – 200 kbps
• 75% modem complexity reduction
compared to Cat-1 UE

Evaluation of brand new radio optimized for low end IoT market
Some proposals are in place for future work on LTE-MTC/Cat-0 ex. 200 kHz BW. No plans yet
7

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 GERAN Cellular IoT - CIoT
Candidate Clean Slate Solutions for Massive Connectivity
NB M2M & NB OFDMA NBM2M NB-OFDMA C-UNB NB-CSS
Qualcomm , Neul- Neul-Hauwei, u-blox, Qualcomm SIGFOX Semtech
Huawei, u-blox Ericsson, Samsung

Downlink Downlink Downlink Downlink Downlink

Multiple access OFDMA FDMA NB-OFDMA FDMA & CSS
Sub-channel symbol rate 3.75 kHz
Sub-channel spacing 3.75 kHz 15 kHz 2.5 kHz 3.2-12.8 kHz
Number of sub-channels 48
Maximum transmit power 43 dBm
Modulation mandatory BPSK, QPSK ½ & ¾ conv-code: π/2- ½ Viterbi 0.3GMSK
BPSK, π/4-QPSK
Modulation optional 16QAM 16-QAM
Pulse shaping Wideband spectral
shaping
FFT size 64
Budget 163 dB

Uplink Uplink Uplink Uplink Uplink

Multiple access FDMA FDMA SC-FDMA FDMA & CSS
Sub-channel symbol rate 3.75 kHz
Sub-channel spacing 5 kHz 5kHz 400 Hz-12.8 kHz
Number of sub-channels 36
Maximum transmit power 23 dBm
Modulation mandatory GMSK 1/3 & 2/3 Turb-code; ½ Viterbi 0.3GMSK
GMSK,
Modulation optional BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK π/2-BPSK, π/4-QPSK ,
π/8-8PSK, single
carrier, sub-channel • Narrow Band M2M (NB M2M)
bonding • Narrow Band OFDMA (NB-OFDMA)
Pulse shaping Symbol rate shaping
GMSK: BT=0.3
• Cooperative Ultra Narrow Band (C-UNB)
PSK: root-raised cosine • Combined Narrowband & Chirp Spread Spectrum (NB-CSS) 8
FFT size - • Converged (NB M2M and NB OFDMA)
Budget 164 dB
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
 Wide area networks
Technology Trade-offs

Pros: Pros: Pros:

• Long range • Long range • Well established
• Long battery life (up to • Long battery life (>10 standards
20 years) years) • Long rage
• Low cost • Low cost • High data rate
• Uses cellular network • Very wide coverage
as backhaul • Licensed band (except LTE-
Cons: U)
• New standard
• Unlicensed band - Cons:
interference • New standard Cons:
• Can’t run on existing • Unlicensed band - • Not optimized for IoT
cellular network – interference • Battery life
needs a dedicated • Very low data rate – can • Cost
SIGFOX network only be used for IoT
• Very low data rate -can
only be used for IoT

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 IoT/M2M Key Test Challenges
Comprehensive RF Standards
• WPAN: BT LE, ZigBee, Thread, Z-Wave, RFID, NFC(EMV), EnOCEAN,
ANT+ etc.
• WLAN: 802.11a/b/g/n/ac, 802.11ah, 802.11p etc.
• WNAN: ZigBee-NAN, WirelessHART, Wi-SUN etc.
• WMAN: 3G/4G, LTE-M, SIGFOX, LoRA etc.
Multiple Test Items for Tx/Rx
• Frequency stability, symbol stability
• Signal power, channel power
• Spectrum emission mask (SEM), Spurious test
• Modulation quality (EVM)
• Sensitivity (under AWGN, Fading)
Multiple PHY Modulation Types
• BPSK/ASK/FSK
• O-QPSK
• OFDM
• MIMO (only as optional)
Cost Effective Platform for IoT/M2M
• Bench-top based solution for Early R&D
• Modular based solution for DVT and Mfg 10
• Low cost solution for cost sensitive customers (R&D, Mfg
and repair) © 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
 E6640A EXM Wireless Test Set
Solve today, evolve tomorrow

Ramp up rapidly & optimize full volume production

11

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 Solve Today, Evolve Tomorrow
Ramp up rapidly & optimize full-volume manufacturing

Broadest Highest Throughput

Ultimate Scalability Multi-Format Coverage & Yield
& Port Density

LTE-Advanced Fastest, most accurate

Multi-TRX, multi-port OBT
802.11ac WLAN parallel device test
Up to 6 GHz, 160 MHz BW
MIMO & more

In sync with the latest chipsets and backed by expert manufacturing test integration engineers

12

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 E6640A EXM Wireless Test Set
Platform overview
Ultimate scalability to
meet your production
needs and in sync
with the latest cellular
and WLAN chipsets.

Speed, accuracy and

port density
you need
to ramp up rapidly
and optimize
full-volume
Controller TRX 1 TRX 2 Reference TRX 3 TRX 4 manufacturing.

13

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 Ultimate Scalability & Port Density
Optimize your multi-device manufacturing test

Tailor your TRX’s frequency range

Cellular Bands(Opt 504) 380 MHz-3.8 GHz

WiCon Bands(Opt 5WC) 1.1-1.8 GHz 2.3-2.6 GHz 4.8-6 GHz
Cellular & WiCon Bands(Opt 506) 380 MHz- 6 GHz

Tailor your TRX’s measurement bandwidth

Standard 40 MHz

Opt B85 80 MHz

Opt B1X 160 MHz

Frequency range and bandwidth are license-key field upgradable

14

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 Ultimate Scalability & Port Density
Platform overview
Up to 4 independent TRX in compact 4U space
• Each is a fully calibrated VSA/VSG Controller
with self-contained RFIO
• 2 full-duplex, 2 half-duplex or 4 full-duplex VSA VSA VSA VSA
ports
• Up to 6 GHz with 160-MHz bandwidth on each VSG VSG VSG VSG
TRX
RFIO RFIO RFIO RFIO
• Rugged N-Type RF connectors designed for
mfg. environment

Add additional TRX (up to 4 per mainframe) when you need to expand production.

4-TRX
2-TRX 3-TRX

1-TRX 15

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 Ultimate Scalability & Port Density
Optimize your multi-device manufacturing test

Easily keep pace with

your production
capability needs

• Full parallel testing of

multiple devices
simultaneously

• Connect up to 16 DUTs
without external RF switch

• Modular extensibility
• Future proof

16

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 Broadest Multi-Format Coverage
Optimize your multi-device manufacturing test

Cellular
• LTE-Advanced FDD/TDD, LTE FDD/TDD
• HSPA+, W-CDMA
• 1xEV-DO, cdma2000
• GSM/EDGE/EDGE Evo
• TD-SCDMA/TD-HSPA
• DECT
• PHS
Wireless Connectivity
• WLAN 802.11a/b/g/n/j/p/ac/ah/af
• Bluetooth 1.0 to 4.2
• Multi-Satellite GNSS: GPS, Galileo, GLONASS,
Consistent repeatability of Beidou, SBAS, QZSS
• Mobile WiMAX
standard-based X-Series • Digital video, FM, ZigBee(802.15.4)
measurement applications MIMO (2x2, 3x3, 4x4) & carrier aggregation
• Switched MIMO for manufacturing test
SCPI-controlled PXIe OBT • True MIMO (multi-TRX) for design validation
EXT/E6630A compatible • LTE-A CA Inter- and intra-band
17

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies Summary
Standards Freq(s) Max Data rate Mod Range Network Applications
BW
LTE-M lower speed and power
200 kbps ~ versions of the LTE standard
Category 0/1 LTE band 1.4 MHz
1 Mbps
OFDM 1000m WMAN
defined in Rel12/13
(LTE Rel12/13)
Target for Internet of Things,
1 to 16 150kbps
802.11ah Sub GHz
MHz to 78 Mbps
OFDM 1000m WLAN wearable devices or extend
range
5/10/20 1.5Mbps to Wireless access in vehicle
802.11p Sub GHz
MHz 54Mbps
OFDM 1000m WLAN
environment (WAVE)

Bluetooth automotive, healthcare,

2.4GHz 2 MHz 1Mbps GFSK 50m WPAN security, home entertainment
Low Energy
Remote controls, smoke
Z-Wave 868.42 MHz 9.6 kbps BFSK
200 kHz 100cm WPAN alarm, security sensors
(ITU G.9959) 908.42 MHz ~100 kbps GFSK
Owned by Denmark Zensys
Zigbee ISM 40kbits/s, Home automation, smart grid,
5 MHz BPSK OQPSK 10m WPAN remote control
(802.15.4) <2.4GHz 250kbis/s

Thread ISM 40kbits/s, BPSK, FSK Mesh network for home and
5 MHz 10m WPAN support 6LoWPAN
(802.15.4) <2.4GHz 250kbis/s OQPSK

200kHz FAN and HAN

Wi-Sun 50 kbps to FSK ,OFDM,
ISM <2.4GHz to 1.2 1000m WPAN Smart Utility Networks, Smart
(802.15.4g) MHz
1Mbps OQPSK
Grid, Smart Metering
18
Contactless payment, easy other
NFC 13.56 MHz 1MHz 848Kbps FSK, ASK 20cm P2P connection (Wi-Fi, BT), identity
and access
PHY Differences between 802.11ac and 802.11ah

19
Source: Draft Amendment Proposed by 802.11 TGah Working Group

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

802.11ah Physical Layer Measurements

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 EXM 802.11ah Test Solution
• 802.11ah Transmit Test Solution
– Supports 802.11ah 1/2/4/8/16MHz
– Full measurement result set
• Transmit Power
• Modulation Accuracy
• Spectrum emission mask

21

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies Summary
Standards Freq(s) Max Data rate Mod Range Network Applications
BW
LTE-M lower speed and power
200 kbps ~ versions of the LTE standard
Category 0/1 LTE band 1.4 MHz
1 Mbps
OFDM 1000m WMAN
defined in Rel12/13
(LTE Rel12/13)
Target for Internet of Things,
1 to 16 150kbps
802.11ah Sub GHz
MHz to 78 Mbps
OFDM 1000m WLAN wearable devices or extend
range
5/10/20 1.5Mbps to Wireless access in vehicle
802.11p Sub GHz
MHz 54Mbps
OFDM 1000m WLAN
environment (WAVE)

Bluetooth automotive, healthcare,

2.4GHz 2 MHz 1Mbps GFSK 50m WPAN security, home entertainment
Low Energy
Remote controls, smoke
Z-Wave 868.42 MHz 9.6 kbps BFSK
200 kHz 100cm WPAN alarm, security sensors
(ITU G.9959) 908.42 MHz ~100 kbps GFSK
Owned by Denmark Zensys
Zigbee ISM 40kbits/s, Home automation, smart grid,
5 MHz BPSK OQPSK 10m WPAN remote control
(802.15.4) <2.4GHz 250kbis/s

Thread ISM 40kbits/s, BPSK, FSK Mesh network for home and
5 MHz 10m WPAN support 6LoWPAN
(802.15.4) <2.4GHz 250kbis/s OQPSK

200kHz FAN and HAN

Wi-Sun 50 kbps to FSK ,OFDM,
ISM <2.4GHz to 1.2 1000m WPAN Smart Utility Networks, Smart
(802.15.4g) MHz
1Mbps OQPSK
Grid, Smart Metering
22
Contactless payment, easy other
NFC 13.56 MHz 1MHz 848Kbps FSK, ASK 20cm P2P connection (Wi-Fi, BT), identity
and access
 Bluetooth Low Energy RF PHY Test Cases

• NOC: normal operating conditions

• EOC: extreme operating conditions
• NOC and EOC tests are the same except the operating conditions (extreme temperature,
• air humidity, supply voltage)

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

Bluetooth Low Energy Channel Allocations

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

Bluetooth Measurements

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

EXM Bluetooth 4.2 Test Solution
LE Data Length Extension

Up to 255 Octets
(2040 bits)

26

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies Summary
Standards Freq(s) Max Data rate Mod Range Network Applications
BW
LTE-M lower speed and power
200 kbps ~ versions of the LTE standard
Category 0/1 LTE band 1.4 MHz
1 Mbps
OFDM 1000m WMAN
defined in Rel12/13
(LTE Rel12/13)
Target for Internet of Things,
1 to 16 150kbps
802.11ah Sub GHz
MHz to 78 Mbps
OFDM 1000m WLAN wearable devices or extend
range
5/10/20 1.5Mbps to Wireless access in vehicle
802.11p Sub GHz
MHz 54Mbps
OFDM 1000m WLAN
environment (WAVE)

Bluetooth automotive, healthcare,

2.4GHz 2 MHz 1Mbps GFSK 50m WPAN security, home entertainment
Low Energy
Remote controls, smoke
Z-Wave 868.42 MHz 9.6 kbps BFSK
200 kHz 100cm WPAN alarm, security sensors
(ITU G.9959) 908.42 MHz ~100 kbps GFSK
Owned by Denmark Zensys
Zigbee ISM 40kbits/s, Home automation, smart grid,
5 MHz BPSK OQPSK 10m WPAN remote control
(802.15.4) <2.4GHz 250kbis/s

Thread ISM 40kbits/s, BPSK, FSK Mesh network for home and
5 MHz 10m WPAN support 6LoWPAN
(802.15.4) <2.4GHz 250kbis/s OQPSK

200kHz FAN and HAN

Wi-Sun 50 kbps to FSK ,OFDM,
ISM <2.4GHz to 1.2 1000m WPAN Smart Utility Networks, Smart
(802.15.4g) MHz
1Mbps OQPSK
Grid, Smart Metering
27
Contactless payment, easy other
NFC 13.56 MHz 1MHz 848Kbps FSK, ASK 20cm P2P connection (Wi-Fi, BT), identity
and access
 ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4) Physical Layer Specification

• Range: 10 – 75 meters (depending on the environment)

• Radio Power Requirements: 1 mW – 100 mW
• Transmit Center Frequency Tolerance: ± 40 ppm
• Receiver Sensitivity (PER < 1%): - 85 dBm @ 2.4 GHz band; -92 dBm @ 868/915 MHz band
• Modulation and channel access: DSSS and CSMA/CA

28

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

IEEE 802.15.4 O-QPSK PHY RF
Requirements

29

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

EXM ZigBee Solution
Wireless Control That
Simply Works

Transmitter Test Receiver Test

• TX Power
• Sensitivity
• Spectrum PSD
• Jamming
Mask
Resistance
• Center Frequency
• Maximum Input
Tolerance
Level
• EVM

Covers both 2.4G and 900M

30

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies Summary
Standards Freq(s) Max Data rate Mod Range Network Applications
BW
LTE-M lower speed and power
200 kbps ~ versions of the LTE standard
Category 0/1 LTE band 1.4 MHz
1 Mbps
OFDM 1000m WMAN
defined in Rel12/13
(LTE Rel12/13)
Target for Internet of Things,
1 to 16 150kbps
802.11ah Sub GHz
MHz to 78 Mbps
OFDM 1000m WLAN wearable devices or extend
range
5/10/20 1.5Mbps to Wireless access in vehicle
802.11p Sub GHz
MHz 54Mbps
OFDM 1000m WLAN
environment (WAVE)

Bluetooth automotive, healthcare,

2.4GHz 2 MHz 1Mbps GFSK 50m WPAN security, home entertainment
Low Energy
Remote controls, smoke
Z-Wave 868.42 MHz 9.6 kbps BFSK
200 kHz 100cm WPAN alarm, security sensors
(ITU G.9959) 908.42 MHz ~100 kbps GFSK
Owned by Denmark Zensys
Zigbee ISM 40kbits/s, Home automation, smart grid,
5 MHz BPSK OQPSK 10m WPAN remote control
(802.15.4) <2.4GHz 250kbis/s

Thread ISM 40kbits/s, BPSK, FSK Mesh network for home and
5 MHz 10m WPAN support 6LoWPAN
(802.15.4) <2.4GHz 250kbis/s OQPSK

200kHz FAN and HAN

Wi-Sun 50 kbps to FSK ,OFDM,
ISM <2.4GHz to 1.2 1000m WPAN Smart Utility Networks, Smart
(802.15.4g) MHz
1Mbps OQPSK
Grid, Smart Metering
31
Contactless payment, easy other
NFC 13.56 MHz 1MHz 848Kbps FSK, ASK 20cm P2P connection (Wi-Fi, BT), identity
and access
 IEEE 802.15.4g Standards
• 3 physical layer (PHY) standards supported:
– MR-FSK*: 2FSK and 4FSK modulation used
– MR-OFDM: 4 options with different FFT size and bandwidths
– MR-O-QPSK*: DSSS and multiplexed DSSS used
• Frequency bands depend on regulatory requirements, may include
bands around 169, 450-510, 780, 863-870, 896-960, 1427-1518,
and 2400-2483 MHz
• Wi-SUN Alliance PHY conformance tests and profiles being
developed for MR-FSK PHY.
Data Rate (kpbs) Modulation Index (h) Channel Spacing (kHz) Region
50 1 200 Japan, US/BZ
100 1 400 Japan
200 1 600 Japan
100 0.5 200 US/BZ
150 0.5 400 US/BZ
32
200 0.5 400 US/BZ
300 0.5 © 2015 ATEAM
600 SCIENTIFIC Japan, US/BZ
 EXM WiSUN Solution Test Solution
2FSK Demod for Wi-SUN

33

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

 34

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC

Thank you !

35

© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC