SBJNT Vs Asb
SBJNT Vs Asb
SBJNT Vs Asb
508 Phil. 715
FIRST DIVISION
[ G.R. NO. 165675, September 30, 2005 ]
SPOUSES EDUARDO SOBREJUANITE AND FIDELA SOBREJUANITE,
PETITIONERS, VS. ASB DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, RESPONDENT.
DECI SI ON
YNARESSANTIAGO, J.:
This petition for review on certiorari assails the June 29, 2004 Decision of the Court of Appeals in
CAG.R. SP No. 79420 which reversed and set aside the Decision of the Office of the President;
and its October 18, 2004 Resolution denying reconsideration thereof.
The antecedent facts show that on March 7, 2001, spouses Eduardo and Fidela Sobrejuanite
(Sobrejuanite) filed a Complaint[1] for rescission of contract, refund of payments and damages,
against ASB Development Corporation (ASBDC) before the Housing and Land Use Regulatory
Board (HLURB).
Sobrejuanite alleged that they entered into a Contract to Sell with ASBDC over a condominium
unit and a parking space in the BSA Twin TowerB Condominum located at Bank Drive, Ortigas
Center, Mandaluyong City. They averred that despite full payment and demands, ASBDC failed to
deliver the property on or before December 1999 as agreed. They prayed for the rescission of the
contract; refund of payments amounting to P2,674,637.10; payment of moral and exemplary
damages, attorney's fees, litigation expenses, appearance fee and costs of the suit.
ASBDC filed a motion to dismiss or suspend proceedings in view of the approval by the Securities
and Exchange Commission (SEC) on April 26, 2001 of the rehabilitation plan of ASB Group of
Companies, which includes ASBDC, and the appointment of a rehabilitation receiver. The HLURB
arbiter however denied the motion and ordered the continuation of the proceedings.
The arbiter found that under the Contract to Sell, ASBDC should have delivered the property to
Sobrejuanite in December 1999; that the latter had fully paid their obligations except the
P50,000.00 which should be paid upon completion of the construction; and that rescission of the
contract with damages is proper.
The dispositive portion of the Decision reads:
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing judgment is rendered ordering the rescission of
the contracts to sell between the parties, and further ordering the respondent [ASBDC]
to pay the complainants [Sobrejuanite] the following:
a) all amortization payments by the complainants amounting to
P2,674,637.10 plus 12% interest from the date of actual payment of each
amortization;
b) moral damages amounting to P200,000.00;
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d) attorney's fees amounting to P100,000.00;
e) litigation expenses amounting to P50,000.00.
All other claims and all counterclaims are hereby dismissed.
IT IS SO ORDERED.[2]
The HLURB Board of Commissioners[3] affirmed the ruling of the arbiter that the approval of the
rehabilitation plan and the appointment of a rehabilitation receiver by the SEC did not have the
effect of suspending the proceedings before the HLURB. The board held that the HLURB could
properly take cognizance of the case since whatever monetary award that may be granted by it
will be ultimately filed as a claim before the rehabilitation receiver. The board also found that
ASBDC failed to deliver the property to Sobrejuanite within the prescribed period. The dispositive
portion of the Decision reads:
Wherefore the petition for review is denied and the decision of the office below is
affirmed. It shall be understood that all monetary awards shall still be filed as claims
before the rehabilitation receiver.[4]
ASBDC filed an appeal[5] before the Office of the President which was dismissed[6] for lack of
merit. Hence, ASBDC filed a petition[7] under Section 1, Rule 43 of the Rules of Court before the
Court of Appeals, docketed as CAG.R. SP No. 79420.
On June 29, 2004, the Court of Appeals rendered its assailed Decision,[8] the dispositive portion
of which reads:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the instant petition is GRANTED. The impugned
decision dated June 27, 2003 of the Office of the President is hereby REVERSED AND
SET ASIDE. No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED.[9]
The Court of Appeals held that the approval by the SEC of the rehabilitation plan and the
appointment of the receiver caused the suspension of the HLURB proceedings. The appellate
court noted that Sobrejuanite's complaint for rescission and damages is a claim under the
contemplation of Presidential Decree (PD) No. 902A or the SEC Reorganization Act and A.M. No.
00810SC or the Interim Rules of Procedure on Corporate Rehabilitation, because it sought to
enforce a pecuniary demand. Therefore, jurisdiction lies with the SEC and not HLURB. It also
ruled that ASBDC was obliged to deliver the property in December 1999 but its financial reverses
warranted the extension of the period.
Sobrejuanite's motion for reconsideration was denied[10] hence the instant petition which raises
the following issues:
1. THE COURT OF APPEALS COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR AND GRAVELY
ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN RULING THAT THE SEC, NOT THE HLURB, HAS
JURISDICTION OVER PETITIONER'S COMPLAINT, IN CONTRAVENTION TO LAW
AND THE RULING OF THIS HONORABLE COURT IN THE ARRANZA CASE.
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ABUSED ITS DISCRETION WHEN IT RULED THAT THE APPROVAL OF THE
CORPORATE REHABILITATION PLAN AND THE APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER
HAD THE EFFECT OF SUSPENDING THE PROCEEDING IN THE HLURB, AND THAT
THE MONETARY AWARD GIVEN BY THE HLURB COULD NOT [BE] FILED IN THE
SEC FOR PROPER DISPOSITION, NOT BEING IN ACCORDANCE WITH LAW AND
JURISPRUDENCE.
3. THE COURT OF APPEALS COMMITTED REVERSIBLE ERROR AND GRAVELY
ABUSED ITS DISCRETION IN RULING THAT RESPONDENT "IS JUSTIFIED IN
EXTENDING THE AGREED DATE OF DELIVERY BY INVOKING AS GROUND THE
FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS IT EXPERIENCED," BEING CONTRARY TO LAW AND IN
EEFECT AN UNLAWFUL NOVATION OF THE AGREEMENT OF THE DATE OF
DELIVERY ENTERED INTO BY PETITIONERS AND RESPONDENT.[11]
The petition lacks merit.
Section 6(c) of PD No. 902A empowers the SEC:
c) To appoint one or more receivers of the property, real and personal, which is the
subject of the action pending before the Commission ... whenever necessary in order
to preserve the rights of the partieslitigants and/or protect the interest of the
investing public and creditors: ... Provided, finally, That upon appointment of a
management committee, rehabilitation receiver, board or body, pursuant to this
Decree, all actions for claims against corporations, partnerships or
associations under management or receivership pending before any court,
tribunal, board or body shall be suspended accordingly. [Emphasis added]
The purpose for the suspension of the proceedings is to prevent a creditor from obtaining an
advantage or preference over another and to protect and preserve the rights of party litigants as
well as the interest of the investing public or creditors.[12] Such suspension is intended to give
enough breathing space for the management committee or rehabilitation receiver to make the
business viable again, without having to divert attention and resources to litigations in various
fora.[13] The suspension would enable the management committee or rehabilitation receiver to
effectively exercise its/his powers free from any judicial or extrajudicial interference that might
unduly hinder or prevent the "rescue" of the debtor company. To allow such other action to
continue would only add to the burden of the management committee or rehabilitation receiver,
whose time, effort and resources would be wasted in defending claims against the corporation
instead of being directed toward its restructuring and rehabilitation.[14]
Thus, in order to resolve whether the proceedings before the HLURB should be suspended, it is
necessary to determine whether the complaint for rescission of contract with damages is a claim
within the contemplation of PD No. 902A.
In Finasia Investments and Finance Corp. v. Court of Appeals,[15] we construed claim to refer
only to debts or demands pecuniary in nature. Thus:
[T]he word 'claim' as used in Sec. 6(c) of P.D. 902A refers to debts or demands of a
pecuniary nature. It means "the assertion of a right to have money paid. It is used in
special proceedings like those before administrative court, on insolvency."
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The word "claim" is also defined as:
Right to payment, whether or not such right is reduced to judgment,
liquidated, unliquidated, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed,
undisputed, legal, equitable, secured, or unsecured; or right to an equitable
remedy for breach of performance if such breach gives rise to a right to
payment, whether or not such right to an equitable remedy is reduced to
judgment, fixed, contingent, matured, unmatured, disputed, undisputed,
secured, unsecured.
In conflicts of law, a receiver may be appointed in any state which has
jurisdiction over the defendant who owes a claim.
As used in statutes requiring the presentation of claims against a decedent's estate,
"claim" is generally construed to mean debts or demands of a pecuniary nature which
could have been enforced against the deceased in his lifetime and could have been
reduced to simple money judgments; and among these are those founded upon
contract.
In Arranza v. B.F. Homes, Inc.,[16] claim is defined as referring to actions involving monetary
considerations.
Finasia Investments and Finance Corp. v. Court of Appeals and Arranza v. B.F. Homes, Inc. were
promulgated prior to the effectivity of the Interim Rules of Procedure on Corporate Rehabilitation
on December 15, 2000. The interim rules define a claim as referring to all claims or demands, of
whatever nature or character against a debtor or its property, whether for money or otherwise.
The definition is allencompassing as it refers to all actions whether for money or otherwise.
There are no distinctions or exemptions.
Incidentally, although the petition for rehabilitation with prayer for suspension of actions and
proceedings was filed before the SEC on May 2, 2000,[17] or prior to the effectivity of the interim
rules, the same would still apply pursuant to Section 1, Rule 1 thereof which provides:
Section 1. Scope – These Rules shall apply to petitions for rehabilitation filed by
corporations, partnerships, and associations pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 902
A, as amended.
Clearly then, the complaint filed by Sobrejuanite is a claim as defined under the Interim Rules of
Procedure on Corporate Rehabilitation. Even under our rulings in Finasia Investments and
Finance Corp. v. Court of Appeals and Arranza v. B.F. Homes, Inc., the complaint for rescission
with damages would fall under the category of claim considering that it is for pecuniary
considerations.
In their complaint, Sobrejuanite pray for the rescission of the contract and the refund of
P2,674,637.10 representing their total payments to ASBDC; P200,000.00 as moral damages;
P100,000.00 as exemplary damages; P100,000.00 as attorney's fees; P50,000.00 as litigation
expenses; P1,500.00 per hearing as appearance fees; and costs of the suit.
In the decision of the HLURB arbiter, ASBDC was ordered to pay P2,674,637.10 plus 12% interest
from the date of actual payment of each amortization, representing the refund of all the
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amortization payments made by Sobrejuanite;
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exemplary damages; P100,000.00 as attorney's fees; and P50,000.00 as litigation expenses.
As such, the HLURB arbiter should have suspended the proceedings upon the approval by the SEC
of the ASB Group of Companies' rehabilitation plan and the appointment of its rehabilitation
receiver. By the suspension of the proceedings, the receiver is allowed to fully devote his time
and efforts to the rehabilitation and restructuring of the distressed corporation.
It is well to note that even the execution of final judgments may be held in abeyance when a
corporation is under rehabilitation.[18] Hence, there is more reason in the instant case for the
HLURB arbiter to order the suspension of the proceedings as the motion to suspend was filed soon
after the institution of the complaint. By allowing the proceedings to proceed, the HLURB arbiter
unwittingly gave undue preference to Sobrejuanite over the other creditors and claimants of
ASBDC, which is precisely the vice sought to be prevented by Section 6(c) of PD 902A. Thus:
As between creditors, the key phrase is "equality is equity." When a corporation
threatened by bankruptcy is taken over by a receiver, all the creditors should stand on
equal footing. Not anyone of them should be given any preference by paying one or
some of them ahead of the others. This is precisely the reason for the suspension of
all pending claims against the corporation under receivership. Instead of creditors
vexing the courts with suits against the distressed firm, they are directed to file their
claims with the receiver who is a duly appointed officer of the SEC.[19]
Petitioners' reliance on Arranza v. B.F. Homes, Inc.[20] is misplaced. In that case, we held that
the HLURB retained its jurisdiction despite the rehabilitation proceedings since the claim filed by
the homeowners did not involve pecuniary considerations. The claim therein was for specific
performance to enforce the homeowners' rights as regards right of way, open spaces, road and
perimeter wall repairs, and security. However, it can also be deduced therefrom that if the
claim was for monetary awards, the proceedings before the HLURB should be suspended during
the rehabilitation. Thus:
No violation of the SEC order suspending payments to creditors would result as far as
petitioners' complaint before the HLURB is concerned. To reiterate, what petitioners
seek to enforce are respondent's obligations as a subdivision developer. Such claims
are basically not pecuniary in nature although it could incidentally involve monetary
considerations. All that petitioners' claims entail is the exercise of proper subdivision
management on the part of the SECappointed Board of Receivers towards the end
that homeowners shall enjoy the ideal community living that respondent portrayed
they would have when they bought real estate from it.
Neither may petitioners be considered as having "claims" against respondent within
the context of the following proviso of Section 6 (c) of P.D. No. 902A, �to warrant
suspension of the HLURB proceedings.
....
In this case, under the complaint for specific performance before the HLURB,
petitioners do not aim to enforce a pecuniary demand. Their claim for reimbursement
should be viewed in the light of respondent's alleged failure to observe its statutory
and contractual obligations to provide petitioners a "decent human settlement" and
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HLURB, not the SEC, is
equipped with the expertise to deal with that matter.[21]
Finally, we agree with the Court of Appeals that under the Contract to Sell, ASBDC was obliged to
deliver the property to Sobrejuanite on or before December 1999. Nonetheless, the same was
deemed extended due to the financial reverses experienced by the company. Section 7 of the
Contract to Sell allows the developer to extend the period of delivery on account of causes beyond
its control, such as financial reverses.
WHEREFORE, the petition is DENIED. The assailed Decision of the Court of Appeals dated June
29, 2004 in CAG.R. SP No. 79420 and its Resolution dated October 18, 2004, are AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J. (Chairman), Quisumbing, Carpio, and Azcuna, JJ., concur.
[1] Rollo, pp. 154156. Docketed as HLURB Case No. REM03070111433.
[2] CA Rollo, pp. 193194. Penned by HLURB Arbiter Marino Bernardo M. Torres.
[3] Commissioners Teresita A. Desierto and Fortunato R. Abrenilla; Jose C. Calida took no part.
[4] CA Rollo, p. 199.
[5] Docketed as O.P. Case No. 03C119.
[6] CA Rollo, p. 203. Per Acting Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal Affairs Manuel B. Gaite.
[7] Id. at 1331.
[8] Id. at 320331. Penned by Associate Justice Amelita G. Tolentino and concurred in by
Associate Justices Marina L. Buzon and Vicente S. E. Veloso.
[9] Id. at 330.
[10] Id. at 397.
[11] Rollo, p. 40.
[12] Finasia Investments and Finance Corp. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 107002, October 7,
1994, 237 SCRA 446, 450451.
[13] Rubberworld (Phils.), Inc. v. NLRC, 365 Phil. 273, 276277 [1999].
[14] BF Homes, Incorporated v. Court of Appeals, G.R. Nos. 76879 & 77143, October 3, 1990, 190
SCRA 262, 269.
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[15] Supra at 450.
[16] 389 Phil. 318 [2000].
[17] CA Rollo, p. 44.
[18] Alemar's Sibal & Sons, Inc. v. Elbinias, G.R. No. 75414, June 4, 1990, 186 SCRA 94.
[19] Id. at 99100.
[20] Supra.
[21] Id. at 332333.
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