THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2006

THE RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2006 54(2): 447-453

Date of Publication: 31 Aug.2006
© National University of Singapore

GARRA ROTUNDINASUS, A NEW SPECIES OF CYPRINID FISH

(PISCES: TELEOSTEI) FROM THE UPPER IRRAWADDY RIVER BASIN, CHINA

E Zhang
Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, P. R. China
Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT. – Garra rotundinasus, a new cyprinid species from the upper Irrawaddy River basin in Yunnan,
China, is herein described. It shares with G. gravelyi the presence of a snout having a poorly developed
proboscis represented by a truncate area in front of the nostrils, a character distinguishing both from all other
Southeast Asian and Chinese congeners. The two species are distinct in coloration, morphometric and meristic
characters. The sympatrically occurring G. tengchongensis is very similar to G. rotundinasus in possessing
36-37 perforated lateral line scales, 5 or 6 scales between the anus and anal-fin origin, and an anterior position
of the anus (anus to anal distance 32.1-51.8% of pelvic to anal distance). Garra rotundinasus can be
differentiated from G. tengchongensis in having a more slender caudal peduncle, a larger disc and no dark
central band on the dorsal fin.

KEY WORDS. – Garra, new species, upper Irrawaddy River basin, China.

INTRODUCTION & Cui’s identification, Zhang et al. (2000) provided a

description of the species on the basis of Chinese specimens.
There are four species of the cyprinid genus Garra recognized Our recent comparison revealed that G. gravelyi, as currently
from the upper Irrawaddy River basin in Yunnan, South understood, consists of two distinct species. Garra gravelyi
China, viz. G. gravelyi (Annandale, 1919); G. kempi Hora, s. str. has its type locality in the Salween River basin, but is
1921; G. orientalis Nichols, 1925; and G. qiaojiensis Wu & also represented in the Manipur River basin. Hence the
Yao 1977 (Chu & Cui, 1987, 1989; Zhang et al., 2000). Of material from the upper Irrawaddy River basin in China
these, the first three species were wrongly identified. Zhang represents an undescribed species, herein described as G.
& Chen (2002) showed that G. kempi reported from the upper rotundinasus.
Irrawaddy River basin in Yunnan represents an undescribed
species, and named it as G. tengchongensis. Zhang (2005)
revealed that G. orientalis reported from the same basin MATERIALS AND METHODS
consisted of two distinct species. One is conspecific with G.
salweenica Hora & Mukerji, 1934, a species currently known Measurements were taken point to point with digital calipers
only from the Salween River basin (Kottelat, 2000). The other and data recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm. All measurements
is not identifiable with any of the currently-recognized species and counts were made on the left side of individual whenever
of Garra in China and Southeast Asia, and was named as G. possible, following Kottelat (2001). Additional
bispinosa Zhang, 2005. This present paper also reveals that measurements, i.e. predorsal, prepectoral, prepelvic and
the G. gravelyi identified by all Chinese authors from the preanal length, are the body lengths measured from the tip of
upper Irrawaddy River basin in Yunnan had been the snout to the dorsal-, pectoral-, pelvic- and anal-fin origins,
misidentified. respectively. Other additional measurements are as follows:
disc width is the distance between the base of two maxillary
Garra gravelyi was originally described by Annandale (1919) barbels; disc length is taken between the anterior mid-point
from the Inle Lake and He-Ho stream, southern Shan States, of the anterior margin of the mental disc and the posterior
Myanmar. It is currently considered to be occurring in the mid-point of the posterior margin of the mental disc; pelvic
Salween River basin in southern Shan States, Myanmar to anal distance is measured from the pelvic-fin insertion to
(Menon, 1964; Talwar & Jhingran, 1991) and the Manipur the anal-fin origin; anus to anal distance is taken from the
River basin in India (Vishwanath, 1993). In China, Chu & anus to the anal-fin origin; head depth is measured from the
Cui (1987) first reported on the occurrence of G. gravelyi in midline at occiput vertically downward to the ventral contour
the upper Irrawaddy River basin in Yunnan. Following Chu of the breast; head width is the widest dimension when

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opercles are closed (normal position). The abdominal vertebra Material examined. – Holotype - IHB 78IV1162, 161.5 mm SL;
and caudal vertebra counts were made from radiographs Daying Jiang in Tengchong (Houqiao), Yiluowadi Jiang (upper
following the method outlined by Roberts (1989). The Irrawaddy River) basin, Yunnan Province, China; W. X. Li,
Weberian complex and urostylar complex are included in the Apr.1978.
count of the abdominal vertebrae and caudal vertebrae,
Paratypes. – IHB 90IV0137-8, 2 ex., 146.2-184.5 mm SL; Daying
respectively. The number of specimens exhibiting a given Jiang in Tengchong, Yiluowadi Jiang (upper Irrawaddy River) basin,
meristic count is indicated in parentheses. Values for the Yunnan Province, China; Y. F. Chen, Apr. 1990. IHB 78IV1163, 1
holotype are indicated by asterisks in the text. The anus to ex., 81.2 mm SL, same data as holotype. IHB 78IV1664-5, 2 ex.,
anal distance is expressed as a proportion of the pelvic to 111.0- 125.1 mm SL; Daying Jiang in Yingjiang (Tongbiguan),
anal distance. Measurements of parts of the head are given Yiluowadi Jiang (upper Irrawaddy River) basin, Yunnan Province,
as percentages of the head length. The head length and China; W. X. Li, Apr., 1978.
measurements of other parts of the body are presented as
proportions of the standard length unless otherwise stated. Non-types. – IHB uncatalogued, 5 ex., 53.6-106.1 mm SL, Daying
Jiang in Yingjian, Yiluowadi Jiang (upper Irrawaddy River) basin,
Yunnan Province, China; S. Z. Wang, Jun. 2001.
The genus Garra possess a modified lower lip forming a
mental adhesive disc. The terminology used for description Diagnosis. – Garra rotundinasus is distinct from all other
of this disc follows Zhang et al. (2002). The local Chinese Southeast Asian and Chinese congeners except for G. gravelyi
toponymy is utilized for the distribution data and the in possessing a snout with a poorly developed proboscis that
international English toponymy, if available, is also given in is represented by a truncate area in front of the nostrils. Garra
the bracket next to the local Chinese river name whenever it rotundinasus differs from G. gravelyi in having 36-37 (vs.
appears in the present paper. The Chinese part of three Asian 32-34) perforated lateral line scales, 21/2 (vs. 31/2-41/2) scales
rivers, the Irrawaddy, Salween and Mekong River, are known above the lateral line, 10-11 (vs. 8-9) predorsal scales, a
locally as the Yiluowadi Jiang, Nu Jiang and Lancang Jiang, broadly rounded (vs. relatively pointed) snout, and absence
respectively. of black spots at the base of the branched dorsal-fin rays (vs.
presence). A colour pattern consisting of an indistinct mid-
The specimens examined for the present study are deposited lateral band with a few incomplete narrow longitudinal stripes
in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, USA above and below the mid-lateral band, more distinct on the
(ANSP); the collection of Maurice Kottelat, Cornol, caudal peduncle; a black spot at the dorsal of the gill opening.
Switzerland (CMK); the Institute of Hydrobiology, Wuhan,
PRC (IHB); and the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Garra rotundinasus is distinct from other sympatrically
PRC (KIZ). Abbreviations here used are: HL, head length occurring Chinese congeners, except for G. tengchongensis,
and SL, standard length. in having 36-37 (vs. 32-35) perforated lateral line scales, 5
(vs. 3-4) scales between the vent and anal-fin origin, and a
wider gap between anus and anal fin origin (anus to anal
TAXONOMY distance 32.1-51.8% pelvic to anal distance, vs. 16.8-30.6),
and from G. tengchongensis in having absence of a dark
Garra rotundinasus, new species central band on dorsal fin, a smaller caudal peduncle (depth
(Figs. 1, 2) 10.8- 11.8% SL vs. 12.0-13.2), and a larger disc (width 68.8-
82.3% HL vs. 43.3-56.0, and length 46.8-60.8 % HL vs. 36.1-
Garra gravelyi (non Annandale, 1919): Chu & Chui, 1987: 96 42.5).
(Daying Jiang in Yunnan); Zhang et al., 2000: 243 (Ying Jiang
in Jiuchen, Yunnan); Zhang & Chen, 2002: 462 (upper Description. – Measurements taken from six specimens (81.2-
Irrawaddy River basin in Yunnan). 184.5 mm SL) are presented in Table 1. General appearance

Fig. 1. Garra rotundinasus, holotype, 161.5 mm SL (IHB 78IV1162), China, Yunnan Province, Yiluowadi Jiang basin: Daying Jiang in
Tengchong; lateral view.

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Table 1. Morphometric characters for Garra rotundinasus.

Morphometrics G. rotundinasus
Paratypes (n = 5)
Holotype
Min Max Mean SD
SL (mm) 161.5 81.2 184.5
In % SL
Body depth 20.6 18.5 21.0 20.2 1.0
Head length 19.7 19.9 21.7 20.8 0.9
Head height 13.9 12.5 14.4 13.3 0.9
Head width 17.2 15.8 18.5 16.8 1.1
Dorsal-fin length 21.2 21.6 24.2 23.3 1.0
Pectoral-fin length 19.6 17.6 21.1 19.6 1.4
Pelvic-fin length 19.2 16.5 19.9 18.8 1.4
Anal-fin length 18.1 15.9 17.9 17.0 0.9
Length of caudal peduncle 14.3 14.6 16.1 15.6 0.6
Depth of caudal peduncle 11.5 10.8 11.8 11.4 0.3
Predorsal length 47.1 45.5 48.0 46.6 0.9
Prepectoral length 18.8 18.5 21.2 20.0 1.4
Prepelvic length 50.4 50.1 53.9 51.5 1.5
Preanal length 78.6 77.8 81.2 79.7 1.3
In % HL
Snout length 51.5 47.2 58.6 52.1 4.5
Eye diameter 15.7 13.8 18.6 16.6 2.3
Interorbital width 47.3 44.8 56.9 50.1 4.7
Disc length 45.2 46.8 60.8 53.0 5.1
Disc width 69.0 68.8 82.3 74.1 5.3
In % pelvic-anal distance
Anus-anal distance 38.1 32.1 39.2 35.4 2.6

Fig. 2. Garra rotundinasus, paratype, 125.1 mm SL, (IHB 78IV1665), China, Yunnan Province, Yiluowadi Jiang basin: Daying Jiang in
Tongbiguan, Tengchong. A, dorsal view of head; B, ventral view of disc. Scale bar = 1 cm.

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Table 2. Comparison of morphometric and meristic characters between Garra rotundinasus and G. gravelyi. Parameters of each character
as follows: range followed by mean in parentheses. a: data from Menon (1964).

Morphometrics G. rotundinasus G. gravelyia

In SL
Body depth 4.76-5.39 (4.94) 3.88-4.74 (4.22)
Head length 4.62-5.08 (4.85) 4.55-5.00 (4.78)
Predorsal length 2.08-2.20 (2.14) 2.11-2.31 (1.21)
In HL
Head width 1.14-1.28 (1.23) 1.39-1.48 (1.44)
Head depth 1.85-2.11 (1.97) 1.26-1.41 (1.36)
Snout length 1.85-2.11 (1.97) 1.78-2.17 (1.93)
Eye diameter 5.52-7.10 (6.28) 3.60-4.45 (4.11)
Interorbital width 1.99-2.18 (2.06) 1.95-2.45 (2.21)
Disc length 1.92-2.12 (1.98) 2.53-3.54 (2.87)
Pectoral-fin length 1.01-1.14 (1.06) 0.95-1.03 (0.99)
Length of caudal peduncle 1.23-1.48 (1.34) 1.15-1.33 (1.23)
In disc width
Disc length 1.35-1.53 (1.42) 1.08-1.29 (1.21)
In length of caudal peduncle
Width of caudal peduncle 1.25-1.43 (1.35) 1.24-1.50 (1.39)
In pelvic to anal distance
Vent to anal distance 2.55-3.12 (2.80) 3.50-4.80 (4.08)
Meristics
Dorsal-fin rays iv, 8 iv, 7
Anal-fin rays iii, 5 iii, 5
Pectoral-fin rays i, 13-15 i, 13
Pelvic-fin rays i, 8 i, 8
Lateral line scales 36-37 32-34
Scales above lateral line 21/2 31/2-41/2
Scales below lateral line 21/2-3 31/2
Predorsal scales 10-11 8-9
Circumpeduncular scales 12 –
Scales between vent and anal-fin origin 5 –

of body is illustrated in Fig. 1, and morphology of the head fin origin. Dorsal-fin base almost straight, sloped
dorsum and mental adhesive disc are shown in Figs. 2A-B, posteroventrally. Profile from posterior end of dorsal fin-base
respectively. to caudal-fin ray straight or somewhat concave. Ventral
profile of body straight or somewhat convex from pectoral-
Body elongate, anteriorly cylindrical and posteriorly slightly to pelvic-fin origin, and straight from pelvic- to anal-fin origin.
compressed laterally. Head moderately large and depressed Anal fin base nearly straight, posterodorsally inclined. Profile
with a somewhat convex dorsal profile; height less than width between posterior end of anal-fin base to caudal-fin ray
and width less than head length. Snout broadly rounded with slightly concave.
a groove across its tip to form a transverse lobe and a poorly
developed proboscis represented by a truncate area before Rostral fold well-developed, pendulous and greatly crenulated
nostril, deflected downward against snout and pointed with a papillated distal margin, separated from upper jaw by
forwards. Eye small, placed dorsolaterally in posterior half a deep groove and laterally continuous with lower lip. Upper
of head, with a broad and flat interorbital space. Two pairs lip absent and upper jaw entirely covered by rostral fold, with
of barbels; rostral pair located anterolaterally, shorter than a thin horny sheath edge. Lower lip modified into a mental
eye diameter, and maxillary barbels hidden at corner of adhesive disc. Disc elliptical, shorter than wide; anterior
mouth, shorter than rostral barbels. Dorsal profile of body margin modified to form a transverse, fleshy and crescentic
slightly convex from tip of supraoccipital process to dorsal- skin fold covered by numerous tiny papillae, anteriorly

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separated from lower jaw by a deep groove running along DISCUSSION

lower jaw and posteriorly bordered in a deep groove with
central callous pad; lateral and posterior margins surrounding The original description of Garra gravelyi is based solely on
central callous pad, papillated and free; posterior-most margin a single specimen from the Inle Lake and He-Ho stream,
reaching beyond vertical of posterior margin of eye. southern Shan States, Myanmar, and thus vague, without
mention of the proboscis on the snout. Hora (1921) examined
Many minute tubercles present on transverse lobe of snout, the type specimen of G. gravelyi, and discovered that the snout
anterior portion of lachrymal and anterior margin of proboscis possesses an indistinct proboscis. Menon (1964) treated G.
in small specimens (81.2-111.0 mm SL); in large specimens gravelyi s. str. as valid in his monograph of the cyprinid fishes
(125.1-184.5 mm SL), tubercles are more prominent and of Garra, pointing out that it has a snout with a poorly
larger on the transverse lobe of snout and anterior portion of developed proboscis represented by a truncate area in front
proboscis. of the nostrils, a character that can be utilized to distinguish
it from all other congeners. This character was also
Lateral line complete; scales 33 (2) or 34(4*) plus 3 on caudal- highlighted by Talwar & Jhingran (1991). Garra rotundinasus
fin base; longitudinal scale rows above lateral line 21/2 (3*) shares the same proboscis with and has been often wrongly
or 3 (3) and below lateral line 2 1 / 2 (3*) or 3 (3). identified as G. gravelyi s. str. But both species differ in
Circumpeduncular scales 12 (6*). Predorsal scales 10 (3) or coloration, morphometric and meristic characters (Table 2).
11 (3*), regularly arranged. Chest and belly scaled. Long Although no specimens of G. gravelyi s. str. were available
axillary scale present at base of pelvic fin, reaching beyond for this study, a detailed description of the species was
base of last pelvic-fin ray. provided by Menon (1964) based on five specimens including
the type material from Myanmar. The color pattern exhibited
Dorsal fin with 4 simple and 8 (6*) branched rays, last ray by G. gravelyi s. str. are as follows: an indistinct mid-lateral
split to base; last simple ray longer than or equal to HL; distal band with a few incomplete narrow longitudinal stripes above
margin slightly concave; origin closer to snout tip than to and below it, more distinct on the caudal peduncle, a black
caudal-fin base. Pectoral fin with 1 simple and 13 (1), 14 (4) spot at the dorsal opening of the gill, and a series of indistinct
or 15 (1*) branched rays, reaching about two-thirds of
black spots at the base of the branched dorsal-fin rays, all of
distance to pelvic-fin origin; its length less than or equal to
which are not represented in G. rotundinasus.
HL. Pelvic fin with 1 simple and 8 (6*) branched rays,
reaching beyond midway to anal-fin origin and surpassing
Garra rotundinasus is distinct from G. gravelyi s. str. in
anus; its length less than HL; origin closer to anal fin origin
having more perforated lateral line scales (36-37 vs. 32-34);
than to pectoral-fin origin, situated vertically at base of 2nd
more predorsal scales (10-11 vs. 8-9); fewer scales above
or 3rd branched dorsal -fin ray. Anal fin with 4 simple and
the lateral line (21/2 vs. 31/2-41/2); broadly rounded snout (vs.
5 (6*) branched rays, last ray split to base, reaching beyond
slightly pointed); a shallower body (depth 4.76-5.39 in SL
ventral origin of caudal-fin rays; distal margin almost truncate;
vs. 3.88-4.74), a wider and more depressed head (width 1.14-
origin of anal fin closer to caudal-fin base than to pelvic-fin
origin. Vent placed closer to anal fin origin than to pelvic-fin 12.8 in SL vs. 1.39-1.48 and depth 1.85- 2.11 in SL vs.1.26-
origin, separated from anal-fin origin by width of five scale 1.41), a smaller eye (diameter 5.52-7.10 in HL vs. 3.60-4.45),
rows. Caudal fin forked, its longest rays less than 2 times as a longer disc length (1.92-2.12 in HL vs. 2.53-3.54), a greater
long as its shortest rays. ratio of the disc length to width (1.35-1.53 vs. 1.08-1.29) and
an more anterior position of the anus (anus to anal distance
Vertebrae 23 + 12 = 35 (2), 24 + 11 = 35 (1*), 24 + 12 = 36 2.55-3.12 in pelvic to anal distance vs. 3.50-4.80).
(2), 24 + 13 = 37 (1). Pharyngeal teeth triserial, 5, 3, 2 / 2, 3,
5 (2), with pointed, slightly curved and compressed tips. Air Garra rotundinasus is found in the Yiluowadi Jiang (upper
bladder bipartite, anterior chamber oval and posterior chamber Irrawaddy River) basin in Yunnan, China, where four other
very small. Gill rakers small and sparse. Garra species have been reported, viz. G. bispinosa, G.
qiaojiensis, G. salweenica and G. tengchongensis (Zhang &
Coloration. – In formalin-preserved specimens, body brown Chen, 2002; Zhang, 2005). Garra rotundinasus shares with
dorsally and laterally, grey ventrally. In small specimens G. tengchongensis the presence of 36-37 perforated lateral
(81.2-111.0 mm SL), an inconspicuous dark longitudinal line scales, 5-6 scales between the vent and anal-fin origin,
stripe along lateral line on side of body. Pectoral and pelvic and an anterior position of the anus (anus to anal distance
fins with a blackish dorsal surface of outside rays; caudal fin 32.1-51.8% pelvic to anal distance), all characters that can
with a black distal margin. be utilized to separate both from the three sympatric Garra
species. These three species possess 33-35 perforated lateral
Distribution. – Garra rotundinasus is known from the line scales, 3-4 scales between the vent and anal-fin origin,
Yiluowadi Jiang (upper Irrawaddy River) basin in Yunnan and a posterior position of the anus (anus to anal distance
Province, China. 19.0-30.6% pelvic to anal distance). See the earlier diagnosis
for the differences between G. rotundinasus and G.
Etymology. – The name is made from the Latin rotundus tengchongensis.
(round) and nasus (snout), in allusion to having a broadly
rounded snout in this species. Name used as a noun in Garra rotundinasus is further distinct from G. bispinosa and
apposition. G. salweenica in possessing a unilobed (vs. bilobed in G.

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 Zhang: New species of Garra from Upper Irrawaddy River

bispinosa or trilobed in G. salweenica) proboscis on the snout, Comparative material. – Garra fuliginosa: ANSP58006,
no black spots at the base of the branched dorsal-fin rays (vs. holotype, 178.0 mm SL, Metang River in northern Thailand
presence), no longitudinal stripes on the posterior portion of [photograph examined]. Garra orientalis: IHB 9805001-13,
the body (vs. presence), a broadly rounded snout (vs. slightly 13 ex., 71.9-103.7 mm SL, Lancang Jiang (Mekong River)
pointed in G. bispinosa and blunt in G. salweenica), a larger basin in Yangbi, Yunnan Province. Garra qiaojiensis: IHB
disc (width 68.8-82.3% HL vs. 53.9-62.8) and a smaller 78IV1051, 90IV0121, 90IV0998, 90IV0119, 90IV029,
caudal peduncle (depth 10.8-11.8 % SL vs. 12.4-14.9). Garra 90IV1051-2, 60.542 (holotype), 90IV0288- 9, 90IV0076-8,
rotundinasus is distinct from G. bispinosa in lacking two large 12 ex., 92.3-162.4 mm SL, Daying Jiang of the Yiluowadi
uniscupid, acanthoid tubercles on the anterior margin of the Jiang (upper Irrawaddy River) basin in Tengchong, Yunnan
proboscis on the snout and having a shorter head (length 19.7- Province. Garra salweenica: IHB 78IV1546, 78IV1549,
21.7% SL vs. 22.6-24.6). Garra rotundinasus differs from 78IV1541, 78IV1536, 78IV1521, 78IV1530, 6 ex., 114.7-
G. salweenica in having a shallower body (depth 18.5-21.0% 174.0 mm SL, Daying Jiang of the Yiluowadi Jiang (upper
SL vs. 22.4 -25.3). Irrawaddy River) basin in Yingjiang, Yunnan Province; CMK
14675, 3 ex., 71.6-88.9 mm SL; Mae Nam Moei, Tak
Garra rotundinasus, with 12 circumpeduncular scales and a Province, Thailand; KIZ 20007303, 1 ex.,115.1 mm SL, Nu
broadly rounded snout having a single lobed proboscis, is Jiang (Salween River) basin in Liu Ku, Yunnan Province.
similar to G. qiaojiensis, but differs from it in having a shorter Garra tengchongensis: IHB 90IV0189-90, 90IV0237-43, 9
head (length 19.7- 21.7% SL vs. 21.8-23.9), a shallower body ex., 51.3-87.0 mm SL, KIZ 839420, 839439, 830433, 830406,
(depth 18.5-21.0% of SL vs. 21.6-25.6) and an anterior 839430, 5 ex. 64.2-70.8 mm SL, Daying Jiang to the
position of the anus (anus to anal distance 32.1-39.2% pelvic Yiluowadi Jiang (upper Irrawaddy River) basin in
to anal distance vs. 22.8-28.3). Tengchong, Yunnan Province.

In addition to G. graveyli s. str. and G. salweenica, there are

nine additional species of Garra from the Salween (or Nu ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Jiang in Chinese) and Mekong River (or Lancang Jiang in
Chinese) basins, namely G. cambodgiensis, G. cyrano, G. I would like to express my gratitude to M. Kottelat for
fasciacauda, G. fuliginosa, G. imberbis, G. mirofrontis, G. providing specimens of Garra salweenica and to M. W.
notata, G. orientalis and G. theunensis (Rainboth, 1996; Littmann (ANSP) for taking digital photographs of the
Kottelat, 1998, 2000, 2001; Zhang et al., 2000). Garra holotype of Garra fuliginosa. This research was supported
rotundinasus is separated from them by the following by a grant from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of
combination of characters: a broadly rounded snout, 36-37 China (NSFC No. 30370168).
perforated lateral line scales, a scaled breast and belly, 10-11
predorsal scales, two pairs of barbels and no band or stripe
on the side of the body. Garra rotundinasus has 36-37 LITERATURE CITED
perforated lateral line scales vs. 48-50 in G. theunensis, 44-
45 in G. imberbis, or 29-35 in the remaining species. Garra Annandale, N., 1919. The fauna of certain small streams in the
imberbis, as described by Menon (1964), differs from G. Bombay Presidency. V. Notes on freshwater fish mostly from
rotundinasus in having no barbels (vs. two pairs) and more the Satara and Poona districts. Record of the Indian Museum:
predorsal scales (16 vs. 10-11). Garra notata, according to 125-138.
Menon (1964), differs from G. rotundinasus in possessing a Chu, X. L. & G. H. Cui, 1987. Taxonomic revision of Chinese
series of black spots at the base of the branched dorsal-fin cyprinid fishes of the genus Garra Hamilton. Acta
rays (vs. absence) and a scaleless breast and belly (vs. scaled). Zootaxonomica Sinica, 12(1): 93-100. [In Chinese].
Garra orientalis, as described by Zhang (2005), is distinct Chu, X. L. & G. H. Cui, 1989. Labeoninae. In: Chu, X. L. & Y. R.
from G. rotundinasus by having a slightly pointed (vs. broadly Chen (eds.), [The fishes of Yunnan, China. Volume 1,
rounded) snout with a trilobed (vs. unilobed) proboscis and Cyprinidae]. Science Press, Beijing. Pp. 229-285. [In Chinese].
5-6 indistinct longitudinal stripes on the posterior part of the Hora, S. L., 1921. Indian cyprinoid fishes belonging to the genus
body (vs. absence). Garra rotundinasus lacks the color pattern Garra, with notes on related species from other countries.
elements of the following species: a black mid-lateral band Records of the Indian Museum, 22: 633-687.
on the body in G. cambodgiensis; a brown to black body with Hora, S. L. & D. D. Mukerji, 1934. Notes on fishes in the Indian
6 indistinct longitudinal stripes on the posterior portion in G. Museum. XXIII. On a collection of fish from the Southern Shan
cyrano; a black mid-lateral band on the body and a distinct States, Burma. Records of the Indian Museum, 36: 353-370.
black submarginal stripe along each caudal-fin lobe in G. Kottelat, M., 1998. Fishes of the Nam Theun and Xe Bangfai basins,
fasciacauda; a black blotch on the caudal-fin base and a dark Laos, with diagnoses of twenty-two new species (Teleostei:
brown body with 5-6 indistinct longitudinal stripes on the Cyprinidae, Baltoridae, Cobitidae, Coiidae and Odontobutidae).
posterior portion in G. fuliginosa; 5-6 indistinct longitudinal Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 9: 1-128.
stripes on the posterior portion of the body in G. mirofrontis; Kottelat, M., 2000. Diagnoses of a new genus and 64 new species
body and fins are plain dark brown in G. theunensis, of fishes form Laos (Teleostei: Cyprinidae, Balitoridae,
sometimes with 6-8 longitudinal fairly distinct stripes. Bagridae, Syngnathidae, Chauhuriidae and Tetraodontidae).
Journal of South Asian Natural History, 5: 37-82.

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