Rule Curve Major Reservoirs of Ksebl

Report
on
Rule Levels for Major Reservoirs of KSEBL
May, 2019
RULE CURVE FOR MAJOR RESERVOIRS OF KSEBL MAY 2019
CONTENTS
1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1
2. Data Collection ............................................................................................................................................... 2
3. Methodology .................................................................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Variables ................................................................................................................................................ 2
3.2 Procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 3
4. Rule Levels for Idukki reservoir ...................................................................................................................... 4
4.1 General .................................................................................................................................................. 4
4.2 Salient Levels ......................................................................................................................................... 4
4.3 Elevation - Storage - Area Details .......................................................................................................... 4
4.4 Scheduled release for power generation .............................................................................................. 5
4.5 Inflow to Idukki Reservoir in critical years ............................................................................................ 6
4.6 10-Daily inflow series ............................................................................................................................ 7
4.7 10-Daily inflow series with 50% and 90% percentage of dependability ............................................. 11
4.8 Deriving Rule Levels ............................................................................................................................ 12
4.9 Rule levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow ........................................................................ 13
4.10 Upper Rule Levels ................................................................................................................................ 13
4.11 Lower rule Level .................................................................................................................................. 15
4.12 Rule Curve ........................................................................................................................................... 16
4.13 Lay out - Idukki Hydro Electric Project including Diversion Structures ............................................... 17
5. Rule levels of Idamalayar Reservoir ............................................................................................................. 18
5.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 18
5.2 Salient Levels ....................................................................................................................................... 18
5.3 Elevation - Storage – Area Details ....................................................................................................... 18
5.4 Scheduled release for power generation ............................................................................................ 19
5.5 Inflow to Idamalayar Reservoir in critical years .................................................................................. 19
5.6 10-Daily inflow series .......................................................................................................................... 20
5.7 10-Daily inflow series with 50% and 90% percentage of dependability ............................................. 24
5.11 Lower rule Level .................................................................................................................................. 27
5.12 Rule Curve ........................................................................................................................................... 29
5.13 Layout Map – Idamalayar Hydro Electric Project ................................................................................ 30
6. Rule Levels for Kakki reservoir ..................................................................................................................... 31
6.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 31
6.2 Salient Levels ....................................................................................................................................... 31
6.3 Elevation - Storage - Area Details ........................................................................................................ 31
6.4 Scheduled release for power generation ............................................................................................ 32
6.5 Inflow to Kakki reservoirs in critical years ........................................................................................... 32
6.6 10-Daily inflow series .......................................................................................................................... 33
6.7 10-Daily inflow series with 50% & 90% dependability ........................................................................ 35
6.11 Lower rule Level .................................................................................................................................. 38
Page ii
6.12 Rule Curve ........................................................................................................................................... 40

6.13 Lay out of Structures of Hydroelectric Projects in Pamba basin ......................................................... 41
7. Rule levels of Banasurasagar Reservoir........................................................................................................ 42
7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................ 42
7.2 Salient Levels ....................................................................................................................................... 42
7.3 Elevation - Storage Details .................................................................................................................. 42
7.4 Inflow to Banasurasagar Reservoir in critical years ............................................................................ 43
7.5 10- Daily Dependable inflow series ..................................................................................................... 43
7.9 Layout of Structures under Kuttiyadi Hydro Electric Project .............................................................. 46
8. Rule levels of Sholayar Reservoir ................................................................................................................. 47
9. Recommendations ....................................................................................................................................... 47
Annexures
ANNEXURE A1 - Idukki Reservoir – Flood Hydrograph - 100 Yr return period ..................................................... 50
ANNEXURE A2 - Idukki Reservoir – Flood routing with flood - 100 Yr return period ........................................... 51
ANNEXURE B1 - Idamalayar Reservoir – Flood Hydrograph - 100 Yr return period ............................................ 54
ANNEXURE B2 - Idamalayar Reservoir – Flood routing with flood - 100 Yr return period ................................... 55
ANNEXURE C1 - Kakki Reservoir- Flood Hydrograph - 100 Yr return period ........................................................ 57
ANNEXURE C2 - Kakki Reservoir- Flood routing with flood - 100 Yr return period .............................................. 58
ANNEXURE D1 - Banasurasagar Reservoir - Flood Hydrograph - 100 Year return period .................................... 60
ANNEXURE D2 - Banasurasagar Reservoir - Flood routing with flood - 100 Yr return period .............................. 61
Tables
Table 4.3.1 - Elevation - Storage – Area details of Idukki reservoir ........................................................................ 4
Table 4.4.1 - Scheduled Generation for Idukki HEP ................................................................................................ 5
Table 4.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idukki reservoir (Mm3) – From June to November ................................. 7
Table 4.7.1 - 90% dependable 10 daily Inflow series (Cumulative) (Mm3) ......................................................... 11
Table 4.7.2 - 50% dependable 10 daily Inflow Series (Cumulative) (Mm3) .......................................................... 12
Table 4.9.1 - Rule levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow ..................................................................... 13
Table 4.10.1 - Upper rule levels of Idukki reservoir ............................................................................................. 14
Table 4.11.1 - Lower rule level of Idukki reservoir .............................................................................................. 15
Table 5.3.1 - Elevation - Storage – Area details of Idamalayar reservoir .............................................................. 18
Table 5.4.1 - Scheduled Generation for Idamalayar HEP...................................................................................... 19
Table 5.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idamalayar reservoir (Mm3) – From June to November ....................... 20
Table 5.7.1 - 90% dependable 10-Daily Inflow series (Cumulative) (Mm3)......................................................... 24
Table 5.7.1 - 50% dependable 10 daily Inflow series (Cumulative) (Mm3) .......................................................... 25
Table 5.9.1 - Rule levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow .................................................................... 26
Table 5.10.1 - Upper rule levels of Idamalayar reservoir..................................................................................... 27
Table 5.11.1 - Lower rule levels of Idamalayar reservoir ...................................................................................... 28
Page iii
Table 6.3.1 - Elevation - Storage – Area Details of Kakki reservoir ...................................................................... 31

Table 6.4.1 - Scheduled generation of Sabarigiri HEP .......................................................................................... 32
Table 6.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Kakki reservoir (Mm3) – From June to November ................................. 33
Table 6.7.1 - 90% dependable 10-Daily Inflow series (Cumulative) (Mm3) ......................................................... 35
Table 6.10.1 - Upper Rule level of Kakki dam ....................................................................................................... 38
Table 6.11.1 - Lower Rule level of Kakki dam ...................................................................................................... 39
Table 7.3.1 - Elevation – Storage details of Banasurasagar reservoir................................................................... 42
Table 7.8.1- Upper Rule levels .............................................................................................................................. 45
Page iv
RULE LEVELS FOR MAJOR RESERVOIRS OF KSEBL

1. Introduction
Kerala State experienced an unprecedented extreme rainfall for a continuous period of
three days during August 15 -17, 2018. This is the severe most rain ever happened since
1924. The extreme rain led to large scale flooding almost everywhere in Kerala especially in
the Districts of Idukki, Pathanamthitta, Alappuzha, Ernakulam, Wayanad & Thrissur.
Coordinated efforts of District Administration, State Disaster Management Authority,
various stake holders including Kerala Water resources Department & KSEBL alleviated the
damages caused by the devastating flood to a large extent.
In the backdrop of the consequences arised out of the flood occurred during August 2018,
Central Water Commission has conducted studies on various aspects of flood and prepared
a report ‘KERALA FLOODS OF AUGUST 2018’. One of the suggestions of the Central Water
Commission based on their study was to review the rule curves of all the reservoirs in
Kerala. The rule curves need to be meticulously drawn particularly for the reservoirs having
a live storage capacity, of more than 200 Mm3 in order to create some dynamic flood
cushion for moderating the floods of lower return periods particularly in the early period of
monsoon.
In line with the above suggestion of Central Water Commission, KSEBL decided to review
and update the operational strategy of the major reservoirs by reviewing the rule levels so
as to create some dynamic flood cushion for moderating the floods of lower return periods
particularly in the early period of monsoon. Accordingly, KSEBL has constituted a four-
member committee with Sri. Bibin Joseph, Chief Engineer (Civil – Dam Safety & DRIP), Sri.
Kesavadas.V, Chief Engineer (Transmission-System Operation), Sri. Siji Jose, Chief Engineer
(Generation) and Sri.N.N.Shaji, Rtd. Chief Engineer (Ele), KSEBL as members to study and
prepare Rule Curves for major reservoirs, as per Order (CMD) No 628/2018 (DGC-AEE-
II/Flood/2018) TVPM, dated 20.10.2018. A team was also constituted under Chief Engineer
(Civil – Dam Safety & DRIP) vide Order (CMD) No. 538/2018/(DGC/AEE-II/EAP/2015) for
conducting necessary studies on the above aspects as well as for preparing Emergency
Action Plan (EAP) for the dams under DRIP. The Chief Engineer (Civil – Dam Safety & DRIP)
directed the team to render necessary assistance to the four-member committee for
completing the task entrusted to the committee.
In the present study it has been attempted to review and fix the rule levels for Idukki,
Idamalayar, Kakki & Banasurasagar reservoirs. The data relied upon, analysis conducted,
methodology adopted & outcome of the study were presented before the committee
during the various stages of progress of the study in the meetings held at various instants.
Sri N.N.Shaji, Chief Engineer (Retd.) member of the committee also presented the results of
the study conducted by him on developing rule curves, based on his experience in the
relevant field. The team made improvements in their studies, during various stages,
according to the suggestions evolved in the meetings. Altogether six meetings were
Page 1
convened by the committee. The rule levels derived for major dams viz. Idukki & Idamalayar
& Kakki reservoir were submitted to the Project Director (DRIP), Central Water Commission
(CWC) for their review. Central Water Commission reviewed the reports and made certain
suggestions on the methodology to be followed for fixing rule levels. The rule levels were
modified according to the suggestions of CWC. The modified report was presented before
the committee on 16th May 2019. After detailed deliberations, the committee has finalized
the rule levels for Idukki, Idamalayar, Kakki & Banasurasagar reservoirs and decided to
submit a draft report to the Board for review and approval.
2. Data Collection
The available details such as daily reservoir level, power house releases, spill details,
scheduled generation from power houses, derived inflow, elevation storage curves,
elevation outflow curves etc. are collected from respective filed units as well as from State
Load Despatch Centre. The rainfall details with specific return period are taken from PMP
Atlas. For Idukki reservoir the data for the period from 1981 to 2018 is considered. For
Idamalayar, data for the period from 1987 to 2018 is available. For Kakki, details are
available for the period from 2003 to 2018. The data available for the Banasurasagar is for
the period from 2006 to 2018.
3. Methodology
Rule curves are target levels to be maintained in the reservoir during different time periods
of a year, under different conditions of inflows. Rule levels are derived from Mass balance
equation, St+1 = St + Qt –Et - Dt – Rt, whereas St+1 - Storage at the end of the period, St
- Storage at the beginning of the period, Qt - Inflow for the period t, Et - Evaporation
loss for the period t, Dt - Power generation demand for period t, Rt - Release for the
period t.
3.1 Variables
Variables are calculated as follows:

- Qt (Mm3) - From the historical data, the daily inflow to the reservoir is arrived. The
cumulative inflow of 10 daily time step is calculated. Ten-day time step inflow series is
considered as per the suggestion of Central Water Commission. Inflow series for 50% &
90% dependability is derived from historical ten-daily series.
- Dt (Mm3) – Release to power station corresponding to scheduled generation from
SLDC for upper rule curve and power generation pattern of 90% dependable year for
lower rule curve.
- Et (Mm3) - Evaporation loss calculated based on reservoir water spread at respective
levels.
- St (Mm3) - Storage from Elevation – Storage curve.
Page 2
3.2 Procedure
• Final storage (St+1) corresponding to the target reservoir level assumed at the end of
monsoon (target date), as per the Elevation – Storage curve.
• The target reservoir level can be Full Reservoir Level or level below FRL.
• November 20th is considered as the target date for fixing upper rule level as decided by
the committee.
• The storage on the previous time step St is calculated form the equation St = St+1 - Qt
+Et + Dt +Rt.
• The elevation corresponding to the storage in the previous time step is obtained from
elevation storage curve.
• This calculation can be repeated till the first-time step, i.e., June 1-10 (beginning of
monsoon) to derive the reservoir level.
• The upper rule levels are derived from 50% dependable inflow series, as suggested by
CWC.
• The derived rule levels are smoothened to one digit.
• Inflow hydrograph corresponding to rain with return periods 25 yr., 50 yr., and 100 yr. is
derived.
• Rainfall values are taken from PMP Atlas and unit hydrograph is derived from FER 5 (a)
& (b).
• Inflow hydrograph derived from unit hydrograph are routed through the reservoir at
various rule levels.
• Ensured that the water level in the reservoir did not encroach the FRL after routing the
derived inflow for lower return period.
• For Lower Rule curve, at end of May, the level good enough to generate power
corresponding to carry over storage in case of delayed monsoon, is considered as the
target level, as decided by committee.
• Final storage (St+1) corresponding to the target reservoir level adopted at the end of
water year (31st May), as per the Elevation – Storage curve.
• The storage on the previous time step St is calculated from the equation St = St+1 - Qt
+Et + Dt +Rt.
• The elevation corresponding to the storage in the previous time step is obtained from
elevation storage curve.
• This calculation can be repeated till the first-time step, i.e., June 1-10 (beginning of
water year) to derive the intermediate lower Rule Levels.
• Lower rule levels are derived from 90% dependable inflow series and release to power
station corresponding to power generation pattern of 90% dependable year based on
the suggestion of Central Water Commission
Page 3
4. Rule Levels for Idukki reservoir

4.1 General
Idukki reservoir is constructed as part of Idukki Hydro Electric Project (780 MW). The
reservoir is created by constructing three dams viz. Idukki, Cheruthoni & Kulamavu dams.
The gross storage of the reservoir is 1996 Mm3. The water stored in this reservoir is
diverted to the power station located at Moolamattom. The tailwater of this project is
discharged to Muvattupuzha river basin. The maximum rate of diversion is 147 m3/s. The
spill way of the reservoir is provided in Cheruthoni dam. There are 5 nos. of radial gates. The
size of gate is 12.19mX10.36m. The spill water flows to Periyar river. There is also diversion
from adjacent basins like Azhutha, Vazhikkadavu, Narakakkanam, Kallar, Erattayar,
Vadakkeppuzha etc. to Idukki reservoir. The installed capacity of Idukki Hydro Electric
Project is 780 MW. There are six machines with capacity 130 MW. The planned annual
generation from this plant is 2398 Mu. The tail water of this station is used for irrigation and
drinking water. Lay out showing the structures constructed as part of Idukki Hydro Electric
Project along with the other projects in its immediate vicinity is shown in section 4.13.
4.2 Salient Levels
- Dam top Level is 2415feet (736.09m)

- The MWL of the reservoir is 2408.5feet (734.11m).
- The FRL is 2403ft (732.43 m).
- The Crest level of spillway is 2373 feet (723.29m).
- The MDDL is 2280feet (694.94m).
4.3 Elevation - Storage - Area Details
Table 4.3.1 - Elevation - Storage – Area details of Idukki reservoir
Storage capacity Submerged area

Water level (feet) (Mm3) (Sq. km)
2280.00 536.80 22.35

2300.00 687.50 27.17
2320.00 869.67 32.69
2340.00 1083.29 37.43

2360.00 1329.05 43.23
2380.00 1612.98 50.09
2400.00 1944.01 58.56
2403.00 1996.34 59.57
2420.00 2337.64 69.93
Page 4
4.4 Scheduled release for power generation
Table 4.4.1 - Scheduled Generation for

Idukki HEP
Scheduled
Generation from
Month
Moolamattom Power
Station (Mu)
June 111.00
July 117.80
August 108.50
September 141.00
October 148.80
November 129.00
December 148.80
January 201.50
February 226.80
March 328.60
April 339.00
May 347.20
Total Mu/year 2348.00
Page 5
4.5 Inflow to Idukki Reservoir in critical years
Daily inflow to Idukki reservoir during critical years 2018 (very wet year), 2016 (dry year),
2014 (normal year), 2013 (very wet year) & 1989 (wet year) is shown in the graph below.
The extreme peak of inflow in the year 2018 is very well depicted in the graphical
representation of the series.
Fig 4.5.1. Daily inflow series of critical years
Page 6
4.6 10-Daily inflow series
The inflow series (cumulative 10 daily) data to the reservoir for the period from 1981 to 2018 is as shown below;
Table 4.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idukki reservoir (Mm3) – From June to November
June III
July III
Aug III
Nov III
June II
Sep III
Oct III
July II
Aug II
Nov II
June I
Oct II
Sep II
July I
Aug I
Nov I
Oct I
Sep I
Year
1981 110.51 200.35 141.11 65.86 97.83 190.55 129.48 216.43 122.85 64.71 94.32 174.62 36.56 54.47 95.74 70.85 38.17 20.26
1982 24.80 71.21 88.14 44.16 114.78 105.17 77.02 117.66 66.83 23.74 25.32 23.18 20.21 16.15 16.89 20.73 27.89 11.56
1983 11.38 19.54 52.90 31.99 90.49 120.19 63.66 204.36 118.36 49.32 86.18 69.90 46.28 29.09 45.53 52.10 26.48 17.95
1984 26.06 143.75 101.80 177.36 191.14 119.41 107.11 72.96 51.14 46.17 27.73 53.94 89.36 41.56 39.36 21.47 20.41 14.90
1985 37.36 57.47 423.65 238.72 120.49 74.67 62.51 133.76 72.89 54.43 40.80 40.18 51.78 26.30 46.51 27.91 27.95 15.29
1986 16.77 24.24 76.76 39.39 103.15 78.08 255.52 221.69 37.13 20.07 23.50 34.60 45.98 31.85 34.29 70.62 44.49 20.09
1987 17.56 44.46 30.52 47.65 33.93 25.32 20.94 43.63 157.73 35.26 28.25 52.48 53.74 54.83 56.33 71.54 48.76 33.44
1988 37.83 43.77 34.75 35.27 120.10 115.97 89.78 72.73 109.71 93.97 81.94 97.59 38.67 26.06 21.30 19.13 20.00 14.11
1989 16.01 86.14 128.24 41.11 141.70 611.83 96.95 113.47 84.30 53.90 70.83 99.99 51.26 56.93 95.41 46.43 32.93 17.73
1990 46.60 156.04 106.85 114.32 112.96 75.59 116.36 181.31 53.96 32.93 20.28 14.94 17.19 23.58 58.16 97.12 45.13 27.69
1991 144.86 156.80 101.17 109.16 116.19 255.62 140.40 135.20 98.93 33.77 23.91 19.45 22.65 19.64 43.15 38.72 20.87 14.20
1992 10.42 107.61 227.36 146.63 116.17 329.18 177.71 121.94 91.81 145.57 55.36 78.87 128.01 125.74 30.27 44.05 177.68 56.29
1993 34.24 52.65 42.71 94.17 154.52 157.08 234.67 62.61 49.50 58.47 31.30 24.99 91.04 105.64 64.92 44.86 63.74 26.31
1994 63.58 88.68 65.27 94.49 231.66 172.77 332.62 63.92 69.93 127.18 44.32 34.11 86.40 64.10 70.30 133.79 46.04 28.68
1995 20.02 93.89 80.96 125.80 175.54 108.48 95.44 58.47 171.53 346.77 75.97 46.10 42.41 33.17 31.36 47.02 30.48 19.88
1996 14.36 87.07 70.12 21.48 106.17 340.12 80.72 142.41 89.49 65.19 58.98 103.14 73.98 106.14 53.47 30.74 20.34 21.09
1997 6.61 6.86 19.64 82.12 123.50 206.64 136.17 62.90 127.10 57.74 53.23 59.71 38.92 31.54 54.49 101.06 121.73 59.91
1998 9.99 23.65 160.82 156.62 105.14 154.22 148.20 153.92 106.49 100.86 106.24 82.26 72.24 240.66 66.16 66.05 85.93 34.02
Page 7
Table 4.6.1. - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idukki reservoir (Mm3) – From June to November contd….
June III
July III
Aug III
Nov III
June II
Sep III
Oct III
July II
Aug II
Nov II
June I
Oct II
Sep II
July I
Aug I
Nov I
Oct I
Sep I
Year
1999 70.55 175.54 68.97 49.90 108.29 209.39 155.23 62.28 48.21 42.60 21.79 26.87 57.40 102.72 126.54 40.29 20.37 29.73
2000 91.59 78.58 76.03 130.12 87.56 33.15 48.22 92.57 435.75 77.87 34.18 55.41 49.02 36.45 24.44 14.29 8.13 19.56
2001 34.02 92.83 168.04 323.60 144.58 60.55 109.83 60.76 110.26 37.29 26.08 47.89 87.17 59.24 99.77 95.72 75.80 35.34
2002 22.22 43.63 67.56 55.40 75.45 66.68 116.67 171.34 69.10 30.41 23.27 14.93 30.47 60.34 42.08 33.54 25.86 16.45
2003 6.81 10.93 61.35 47.56 74.62 67.16 49.08 68.46 115.27 50.14 21.66 14.07 120.18 78.91 52.91 23.66 15.44 11.93
2004 61.42 210.95 62.46 76.11 77.14 83.47 234.36 87.82 47.73 30.42 35.19 49.37 65.32 66.55 37.73 29.81 26.60 14.95
2005 16.92 52.86 83.50 120.48 120.48 388.95 292.10 66.36 45.02 227.97 162.03 51.83 33.66 42.43 49.79 38.90 59.03 36.85
2006 66.05 22.62 103.95 109.46 178.98 93.24 40.53 154.43 64.21 33.49 80.11 83.65 61.80 88.97 52.83 70.33 65.72 76.10
2007 12.16 35.15 181.69 277.90 274.25 131.29 152.78 112.81 73.29 80.31 136.53 182.90 58.74 70.87 150.10 91.51 46.64 25.04
2008 15.13 30.41 64.18 59.75 41.16 167.94 115.55 157.01 72.40 111.05 122.95 34.76 25.34 29.34 77.66 26.82 18.12 21.16
2009 33.31 19.87 33.03 142.42 241.18 85.81 57.73 57.77 59.99 160.11 63.76 50.94 136.14 42.59 22.32 45.68 52.04 23.68
2010 24.74 124.36 77.52 89.69 102.43 162.16 76.02 99.19 143.04 80.52 72.24 72.94 114.36 70.30 61.72 43.12 48.99 75.78
2011 138.87 129.31 75.23 58.75 136.40 150.09 160.99 114.81 138.73 151.25 95.99 42.54 21.16 47.74 63.74 69.56 32.84 27.05
2012 12.42 40.40 50.13 77.89 55.30 67.43 37.06 83.55 68.07 106.23 51.89 28.07 18.94 39.86 31.61 23.65 14.48 12.99
2013 31.78 145.72 244.88 183.15 203.35 244.18 325.27 108.07 70.22 76.21 149.79 102.41 44.15 57.35 69.65 28.24 30.06 33.60
2014 25.39 46.75 87.65 45.72 196.85 151.15 261.39 89.33 124.80 162.40 58.28 47.20 44.97 49.33 104.71 90.50 40.92 22.76
2015 14.04 30.40 208.48 66.54 79.07 142.11 48.91 94.77 41.33 40.88 41.15 50.86 77.48 56.24 27.01 37.86 44.06 40.06
2016 28.34 49.19 63.56 81.44 122.90 74.56 50.74 60.19 48.84 30.80 23.64 29.55 18.16 23.77 18.47 15.66 6.61 5.43
2017 14.29 23.78 121.08 54.51 36.18 52.85 103.89 63.68 147.42 112.13 158.72 90.15 52.32 61.03 53.24 50.07 26.11 14.53
2018 51.58 225.25 109.22 90.16 400.69 308.72 196.89 872.19 233.74 79.09 31.01 55.49 70.19 77.05 73.02 30.22 34.16 24.22
Page 8
Table 4.6.1. - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idukki reservoir (Mm3) – From December to May contd….
MayIII
May II
MarIII
Jan III
DecIII
May I
FebIII
AprIII
Feb II
MarII
Jan II
DecII
AprII
Feb I
MarI
Year
Jan I
DecI
AprI
1981 13.69 9.83 8.31 7.36 6.29 5.58 6.45 14.71 6.67 5.73 8.70 15.53 9.99 7.83 6.41 13.24 12.92 10.60
1982 11.24 6.27 7.64 6.04 3.77 2.52 3.72 2.44 2.49 3.15 2.90 7.07 6.67 9.30 10.30 8.05 7.39 18.64
1983 9.56 9.17 20.49 8.49 7.27 6.61 6.24 5.33 8.25 8.18 7.12 5.72 3.40 3.71 6.27 6.74 9.79 10.51
1984 14.48 10.54 11.42 10.76 9.67 8.45 6.73 9.31 4.57 13.08 8.27 6.97 4.14 6.78 6.96 5.35 7.43 9.14
1985 13.46 16.02 11.84 24.57 7.24 8.99 5.42 6.71 6.83 6.97 6.62 7.48 9.77 10.17 9.78 5.97 6.57 17.68
1986 16.64 11.04 9.44 10.95 11.28 5.72 4.58 10.08 7.59 7.68 8.59 7.88 14.40 9.25 9.31 14.23 14.23 10.90
1987 29.58 38.52 20.70 5.68 5.56 8.71 8.80 7.19 4.42 6.56 11.95 8.89 4.91 4.21 5.29 5.06 7.32 12.36
1988 10.89 8.23 4.72 10.82 9.28 6.67 4.76 7.91 7.55 13.42 8.52 8.52 4.98 9.34 13.97 11.06 7.93 7.86
1989 11.85 8.58 6.94 4.84 11.59 10.34 5.23 6.27 7.19 10.36 8.84 5.44 4.73 8.01 11.60 10.85 8.08 11.09
1990 18.33 16.80 8.24 11.75 6.63 0.98 1.51 7.34 5.37 7.13 9.52 3.93 3.27 7.04 7.16 8.59 15.84 31.30
1991 8.14 7.54 8.40 15.34 7.90 4.47 8.04 11.03 8.26 9.33 5.04 7.72 7.60 7.71 6.05 8.02 11.64 11.28
1992 18.77 14.60 11.21 4.75 0.88 2.26 7.10 6.45 5.17 5.29 3.80 9.56 8.11 10.49 10.08 12.18 22.09 16.43
1993 21.39 7.16 10.04 7.75 6.16 5.67 1.57 2.27 9.97 7.24 8.98 6.89 2.34 11.08 11.03 9.03 6.94 9.50
1994 18.09 11.31 8.82 11.01 13.07 9.98 9.18 9.35 3.88 8.36 7.43 9.29 6.46 12.91 13.10 10.77 10.07 10.11
1995 12.38 8.34 14.92 2.70 9.05 15.59 4.13 1.37 0.22 10.45 12.90 11.02 10.82 14.30 12.77 40.53 68.99 25.16
1996 14.06 16.49 11.34 10.87 9.54 4.36 7.09 8.15 6.47 5.57 7.34 8.60 9.17 19.56 14.26 8.92 6.45 11.57
1997 48.24 34.73 25.75 12.69 10.64 7.76 7.29 12.17 7.66 7.49 10.63 15.91 15.49 11.97 9.71 22.47 16.42 9.47
1998 27.36 80.58 20.65 11.36 10.38 8.91 3.78 9.43 7.79 7.44 4.51 4.63 9.43 10.91 9.96 10.67 14.43 13.45
Page 9
Table 4.6.1. - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idukki reservoir (Mm3) – From December to May contd….
May III
Mar III
May II
Feb III
Apr III
Mar II
Jan III
DecIII
May I
Feb II
Apr II
Mar I
Jan II
DecII
Feb I
Apr I
Year
Jan I
DecI
1999 15.41 10.47 9.08 12.49 7.95 4.21 15.00 10.70 7.42 5.83 7.61 10.83 14.01 10.22 13.69 15.10 15.39 111.13
2000 11.51 6.90 13.46 10.47 9.66 6.79 10.82 7.15 18.04 13.69 10.32 8.79 16.22 11.18 10.41 11.85 15.96 14.10
2001 20.31 13.05 13.75 11.74 3.96 3.12 9.79 8.70 6.81 5.85 4.80 12.02 9.84 22.78 14.75 8.84 13.99 19.47
2002 12.21 8.68 5.25 12.11 9.62 7.50 8.59 11.03 5.84 9.17 9.52 14.00 11.51 9.43 15.50 15.68 23.86 28.44
2003 10.01 6.90 4.16 5.68 3.28 3.16 2.27 5.78 5.12 8.69 14.11 7.37 5.10 5.77 4.82 9.36 8.76 7.41
2004 10.55 5.88 5.39 4.54 6.35 7.94 7.70 4.94 3.24 3.13 3.76 6.79 5.87 8.30 6.22 21.97 32.44 49.59
2005 27.15 25.15 13.99 7.05 8.73 9.88 9.18 5.72 3.02 10.48 9.53 9.95 10.76 11.61 12.25 16.99 10.74 9.74
2006 14.48 11.04 2.57 8.60 8.32 3.39 8.66 8.61 4.45 5.51 12.40 15.41 9.59 20.05 14.50 15.80 15.86 68.85
2007 13.59 17.34 18.18 10.35 7.80 5.30 6.55 3.02 4.60 9.16 8.98 9.55 9.45 14.52 16.32 9.02 12.83 19.24
2008 13.87 9.67 7.53 7.43 7.14 12.39 12.16 11.08 5.66 11.00 14.60 19.62 14.40 13.38 16.86 9.47 16.46 15.27
2009 15.97 16.06 12.69 3.96 3.29 4.87 3.52 1.73 4.08 6.96 9.64 8.94 7.51 6.76 6.79 8.82 10.59 17.40
2010 40.87 19.53 15.58 8.12 7.48 5.87 2.35 7.45 7.12 8.61 6.59 8.98 8.97 10.05 10.70 14.62 14.50 17.43
2011 24.76 13.77 13.75 18.51 9.95 3.57 8.19 9.73 15.90 8.24 5.59 17.45 12.25 14.84 34.84 19.22 14.23 16.76
2012 7.81 5.11 5.13 12.02 9.64 6.85 6.78 8.52 5.61 9.32 8.50 13.71 11.39 8.42 13.73 11.03 9.59 10.32
2013 17.40 12.09 6.41 5.13 1.58 2.35 2.61 2.06 1.36 4.44 6.34 8.89 6.82 5.75 7.31 4.84 3.64 4.67
2014 14.95 14.14 11.40 4.67 12.34 6.68 5.40 4.00 4.00 11.92 5.68 8.64 8.06 5.23 13.93 24.72 17.22 17.86
2015 44.71 29.19 18.24 8.83 7.76 6.64 4.18 6.40 2.43 10.74 3.49 10.76 9.16 29.61 39.66 24.15 27.29 23.85
2016 3.54 2.58 5.66 8.64 7.32 6.93 8.27 6.64 6.04 6.33 5.32 10.18 11.17 8.25 5.81 7.08 13.77 12.18
2017 27.91 18.18 9.69 3.44 2.58 4.02 3.74 2.75 5.02 9.34 8.72 8.56 6.15 10.83 8.44 7.81 13.09 6.50
2018 14.41 9.26 4.85 7.41 5.79 6.09 6.11 3.87 4.69 9.95 8.75 7.90 6.30 10.74 12.36 12.58 21.90 35.42
Page 10
4.7 10-Daily inflow series with 50% and 90% percentage of dependability
The inflow series with 90% dependability is tabulated as below;
Table 4.7.1 - 90% dependable 10 daily Inflow series (Cumulative) (Mm3)
90% dependable 90% dependable

Time Step Time Step
inflow inflow
June I 10.424 Dec I 9.556
June II 19.868 Dec II 6.267
June III 34.752 Dec III 4.845
July I 39.392 Jan I 4.538
July II 55.301 Jan II 3.279
July III 60.552 Jan III 2.521
Aug I 48.222 Feb I 2.349
Aug II 60.186 Feb II 2.272
Aug III 47.725 Feb III 2.492
Sep I 30.419 Mar I 5.290
Sep II 23.269 Mar II 3.799
Sep III 19.452 Mar III 5.724
Oct I 20.21 Apr I 4.138
Oct II 23.774 Apr II 5.751
Oct III 22.317 Apr III 6.055
Nov I 20.729 May I 5.974
Nov II 15.436 May II 6.939
Nov III 12.989 May III 7.863
Page 11
Table 4.7.2 - 50% dependable 10 daily Inflow

Series (Cumulative) (Mm3)
Time Step 50% dependable inflow
June 10th 24.798
June 20th 52.857
June 30th 77.517
July 10th 81.441
July 20th 116.167
July 31st 120.194
Aug 10th 109.833
Aug 20th 94.770
Aug 31st 73.290
Sep 10th 58.465
Sep 20th 51.891
Sep 30th 50.857
Oct 10th 51.257
Oct 20th 54.465
Oct 31st 52.907
Nov 10th 43.123
Nov 20th 32.836
Nov 30th 21.160
4.8 Deriving Rule Levels
The following parameters are considered for fixing the rule levels;
1. MWL of reservoir – 2408.5 feet
2. FRL of reservoir – 2403 feet
3. MDDL – 2280 feet
4. Crest level of spillway - 2373 feet
5. Maximum generation from power station 780 MW
6. At the end of the water year, 31st May, the net storage at Idukki reservoir shall be
good enough to generate at least 350Mu. Hence the target level at the end of May
is fixed as 2311feet (704.39m) for deriving lower rule level.
7. The target level in the reservoir at the end of monsoon season, on November 20 th is
kept as 2400 feet as decided by the committee.
Page 12
8. Reservoir level shall not fall below 2280 feet.
From the storage corresponding to target level 2400 feet on November 20th, the storage at
previous time steps are worked out for the inflow corresponding to 50% dependable inflow
and the scheduled releases. From the levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow, the
intermediate upper rule levels are judiciously arrived.
4.9 Rule levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow
Table 4.9.1 - Rule levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow
50% Water Schedule

Rule Reservoir
Date Rule Level dependable spread PH
Storage Losses
inflow area demand
Mm3 feet Mm3 Sq km Mm3 Mm3
June 10th 1277.51 2355.81 24.798 42.010 0.131 25.14
June 20th 1305.12 2358.06 52.857 42.660 0.132 25.11
June 30th 1357.44 2362.00 77.517 43.910 0.135 25.06
July 10th 1413.06 2365.92 81.441 45.260 0.128 25.70

July 20th 1503.47 2372.28 116.167 47.440 0.132 25.62
July 31st 1595.43 2378.76 120.194 49.660 0.136 28.10

Aug 10th 1681.64 2384.14 109.833 51.840 0.151 23.47
Aug 20th 1752.83 2388.44 94.770 53.670 0.154 23.43
Aug 31st 1800.23 2391.31 73.290 54.880 0.157 25.73

Sep 10th 1827.14 2392.93 58.465 55.570 0.164 31.39
Sep 20th 1847.49 2394.16 51.891 56.090 0.165 31.38

Sep 30th 1866.82 2395.33 50.857 56.590 0.166 31.36
Oct 10th 1885.88 2396.48 51.257 57.070 0.190 32.01
Oct 20th 1908.16 2397.83 54.465 57.650 0.191 31.99

Oct 31st 1925.70 2398.89 52.907 58.090 0.192 35.17
Nov 10th 1940.00 2399.75 43.123 58.460 0.193 28.63
Nov 20th 1944.01 2400.00 32.836 58.560 0.193 28.63
4.10 Upper Rule Levels
From the rule levels derived based on 50% dependable inflow, the upper rule levels for the
period from June 1st to November 20th is judiciously arrived at by setting the target level in
the reservoir on November 20th as 2400 feet. The target level in the initial time step is
taken as 2373 feet i.e., the Crest Level of spillway. The storage corresponding to rule level
and the flood space available at respective levels is shown in the table below.
Page 13
Table 4.10.1 - Upper rule levels of Idukki reservoir

Time Date Upper Rule Rule Flood space Percentage
Step Levels storage up to FRL Gross Storage
feet Mm3 Mm3 %
1 June 10th 2373 1514 483 76%
2 June 20th 2375 1542 454 77%
3 June 30th 2377 1570 426 79%
4 July 10th 2383 1663 334 83%
5 July 20th 2385 1696 301 85%
6 July 31st 2390 1779 218 89%
7 Aug 10th 2390 1779 218 89%
8 Aug 20th 2390 1779 218 89%
9 Aug 31st 2392 1812 185 91%
10 Sep 10th 2393 1828 168 92%
11 Sep 20th 2394 1845 152 92%
12 Sep 30th 2395 1861 135 93%
13 Oct 10th 2395 1861 135 93%
14 Oct 20th 2395 1861 135 93%
15 Oct 31st 2397 1894 102 95%
16 Nov 10th 2399 1927 69 97%
17 Nov 20th 2400 1944 52 97%
18 Nov 30th 2403 1996 0 100%
Though the upper rule level is fixed as above, the operation of the reservoir shall be
meticulously planned based on the rainfall forecast. In case of Idukki Reservoir about 50%
of the catchment is intercepted by upstream dam. The unscheduled controlled releases
from upstream reservoir is also a critical element in the inflow component especially in a
critical hydro-meteorological condition.
In every time step beginning from June, the probable reservoir level shall be estimated in
advance, based on the forecasted inflow derived from predicted rainfall, at least for the
next two-time steps. If the estimated reservoir level is likely to be exceeded from the rule
levels for the next two-time steps, it shall be tried to keep the reservoir level within the
rule levels from the current time step itself by increasing generation or by spilling the
reservoir. Priority shall be given to maximize the release to power station. If the rate of rise
of water level in the reservoir still observes to be steeper than the slope of the upper rule
curve, the reservoir shall be allowed to spill to bring the water level within the rule levels
during the respective time steps. The process shall be continued till the end of monsoon.
Flood hydrograph with 100-year return period was routed through the reservoir with
impinging level as 2395 feet, the rule levels in the active monsoon period. The details of
routing are attached as Annexure A1 & A2. It is found that the reservoir level is not
Page 14
encroaching the FRL after allowing a spill within the spillway capacity. But the rate of spill
found to be comparatively higher. If a quality rainfall prediction is in place, the spill can be
moderated to a certain extent by forecasting the inflow and operating the reservoir
according to the rule levels as there are intermediate control levels.
The reservoir level can be better managed by providing a dynamic cushion to moderate
flood through meticulous planning by reviewing the reservoir levels & inflow forecast at all
time steps. It is not prudent to maintain a static cushion in the reservoir to accommodate
the flood likely to be happened in case of occurrence of an extreme rainfall.
4.11 Lower rule Level
The lower rule levels are derived based on 90% dependable inflow series. The target date
and level set for deriving lower rule levels are 31st May and 2311 feet. The storage at
previous time steps worked out beginning from the target storage. The rule levels arrived
at corresponding to the respective storages are tabulated below.
Table 4.11.1 - Lower rule level of Idukki reservoir
Date Rule Rule 90% Water Reservoir PH

Storage Level dependable spread Losses demand
inflow area
Mm3 feet Mm3 Sq km Mm3 Mm3
June 10th 1472.95 2370.13 10.424 46.700 0.140 62.37
June 20th 1430.98 2367.18 19.868 45.690 0.138 61.70
June 30th 1408.46 2365.59 34.752 45.140 0.137 57.13
July 10th 1417.30 2366.22 39.392 45.360 0.129 30.43
July 20th 1441.29 2367.90 55.301 45.940 0.130 31.18
July 31st 1468.49 2369.82 60.552 46.600 0.131 33.22
Aug 10th 1491.19 2371.42 48.222 47.140 0.141 25.39
Aug 20th 1525.33 2373.82 60.186 47.970 0.143 25.90
Aug 31st 1540.98 2374.93 47.725 48.350 0.144 31.92
Sep 10th 1533.07 2374.37 30.419 48.160 0.148 38.18
Sep 20th 1509.61 2372.72 23.269 47.590 0.147 46.58
Sep 30th 1494.01 2371.62 19.452 47.210 0.146 34.90
Oct 10th 1476.87 2370.41 20.210 46.800 0.164 37.20
Oct 20th 1464.04 2369.51 23.774 46.490 0.163 36.43
Oct 31st 1440.89 2367.88 22.317 45.930 0.162 45.31
Nov 10th 1426.35 2366.85 20.729 45.580 0.161 35.11
Nov 20th 1404.64 2365.32 15.436 45.050 0.160 36.99
Nov 30th 1379.28 2363.54 12.989 44.440 0.158 38.19
Dec 10th 1346.87 2361.26 9.556 43.660 0.182 41.79
Page 15
Dec 20th 1308.82 2358.36 6.267 42.750 0.180 44.14

Dec 31st 1271.22 2355.29 4.845 41.860 0.177 42.27
Jan 10th 1231.48 2352.06 4.538 40.920 0.190 44.09
Jan 20th 1191.37 2348.79 3.279 39.970 0.187 43.20
Jan 31st 1148.82 2345.33 2.521 38.970 0.183 44.90
Feb 10th 1106.34 2341.87 2.349 37.970 0.206 44.62
Feb 20th 1065.62 2338.34 2.272 37.030 0.203 42.79
Feb 28th 1036.33 2335.60 2.492 36.380 0.200 31.58
Mar 10th 1002.31 2332.41 5.290 35.630 0.222 39.09
Mar 20th 968.57 2329.25 3.799 34.880 0.218 37.31
Mar 31st 941.20 2326.69 5.724 34.270 0.215 32.89
Apr 10th 917.08 2324.43 4.138 33.740 0.179 28.07
Apr 20th 895.79 2322.44 5.751 33.260 0.177 26.87
Apr 30th 871.58 2320.17 6.055 32.730 0.175 30.09
May 10th 849.68 2317.80 5.974 32.080 0.134 27.74
May 20th 821.06 2314.66 6.939 31.210 0.131 35.43
May 31st 787.69 2311.00 7.863 30.200 0.129 41.11
4.12 Rule Curve
Fig 4.12.1 - Rule curve of Idukki reservoir
Page 16
4.13 Lay out - Idukki Hydro Electric Project including Diversion Structures
Fig 4.13.1 - Layout
Page 17
5. Rule levels of Idamalayar Reservoir
5.1 General
Idamalayar reservoir is constructed as part of Idamalayar Hydro Electric Project (75 MW).
The reservoir is created by constructing dam at Ennakkal, across the Idamalayar river a
tributary of Periyar River. The gross storage of the reservoir is 1089.80 Mm3. The water
from the reservoir is diverted through water conducting system consisting of tunnels and
penstocks to generating station located on the left bank of Idamalayar river. The tail water
of this project is discharged to Idamalayar river. The spill from the reservoir is discharged
through 4 nos. of radial gates of size 11.50 m x 9.70 m with a maximum flood discharge
capacity of 3248 cumecs. The Idamalayar reservoir in addition to its own catchment area,
receive water released from Nirar in Tamil Nadu and diversion from Poringalkuthu
reservoir through Vachumaram Diversion. The installed capacity of the project is 75 MW.
There are two machines each of having a capacity of 37.5MW.
5.2 Salient Levels

- Dam top Level is 172.00m
- The MWL of the reservoir is 171.20m
- The FRL is 169.00m.
- The Crest level of spillway is 161.00m
- The MDDL is 115.00m
5.3 Elevation - Storage – Area Details
Table 5.3.1 - Elevation - Storage – Area details of

Idamalayar reservoir
Water level Storage capacity Submerged area

(m) (Mm3) (Sq. km)
115 72.00 6.35
120 110 8.4
125 158.5 10.8
130 219 13.5
135 292 16.2
140 381 18.6
145 479 20.69
150 587.34 22.5
155 704.24 24.29
160 832 25.82
165 974.3 27.20
169 1089.8 28.3
171.2 1153.60 28.73
Page 18
Table 5.4.1 - Scheduled Generation for Idamalayar

HEP
Scheduled Generation
Month from Idamalayar Power
Station (Mu)
June 18.00
July 13.02
August 11.47
September 25.20
October 26.04
November 21.00
December 23.87
January 33.17
February 28.00
March 48.36
April 45.90
May 40.30
5.5 Inflow to Idamalayar Reservoir in critical years
Daily inflow to Idamalayar reservoir during critical years 2018 (very wet year), 2016 (dry
year), 2014 (normal year), 2013 (very wet year) & 1989 (wet year) is shown in the graph
below. The extreme peak of inflow in the year 2018 is very well depicted in the graphical
Fig 5.5.1 - Daily inflow series for various years

Page 19
Table 5.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idamalayar reservoir (Mm3) – From June to November
June III
July III
Aug III
Nov III
June II
Sep III
Oct III
July II
Aug II
Nov II
June I
Oct II
Sep II
July I
Aug I
Nov I
Oct I
Sep I
Year
1987 22.7 47.8 38.9 77.8 46.5 23.0 18.0 47.8 112.6 34.4 22.5 49.2 38.5 50.7 34.6 28.3 25.2 32.6
1988 45.8 36.3 21.7 34.8 133.1 111.6 123.0 68.2 99.5 110.9 118.5 103.5 50.0 23.7 19.1 12.2 15.8 11.2
1989 23.2 65.3 68.0 32.5 90.5 313.1 56.6 96.6 63.3 48.0 63.6 91.0 59.9 46.1 48.3 25.1 20.4 10.4
1990 38.4 69.4 79.0 115.8 100.8 79.1 85.6 138.7 54.6 27.9 15.7 17.8 12.8 18.3 53.0 59.8 21.5 12.7
1991 66.8 112.1 70.6 123.2 96.9 180.1 106.4 122.6 74.5 32.1 24.6 20.4 25.1 21.7 55.1 41.8 23.7 10.7
1992 16.3 94.4 172.6 105.8 113.6 276.2 141.8 116.9 87.1 130.7 50.8 69.1 78.6 73.4 28.7 16.5 28.9 31.4
1993 21.0 55.1 40.7 84.1 124.1 140.8 189.6 95.9 82.9 80.2 25.5 16.0 45.9 67.1 48.9 32.0 33.4 16.8
1994 95.3 100.1 92.5 92.0 293.8 163.0 186.6 56.8 77.4 132.9 55.9 37.0 52.1 49.6 62.9 70.3 38.3 24.5
1995 17.9 72.4 62.7 101.1 146.0 109.4 71.5 58.9 157.0 220.6 64.8 39.5 36.4 17.7 23.4 37.3 19.9 10.8
1996 13.7 68.5 47.0 16.1 84.7 223.2 82.4 91.8 102.1 77.3 66.2 102.2 72.1 64.7 31.3 12.4 8.5 8.5
1997 12.2 10.1 17.2 92.7 101.2 176.2 162.1 61.7 121.3 63.6 89.3 74.8 34.4 29.5 59.2 60.6 46.2 53.3
1998 8.1 20.0 112.8 156.1 160.4 132.5 120.1 109.7 115.8 88.1 96.0 89.1 62.8 182.4 51.0 49.2 40.7 23.4
1999 49.1 127.3 62.7 45.9 149.6 202.0 163.9 85.8 60.0 36.5 20.4 17.2 41.9 72.2 91.4 35.1 12.7 10.6
2000 74.4 64.5 59.4 94.3 103.2 31.2 46.9 83.5 252.7 64.9 41.5 49.3 38.9 22.8 14.2 4.7 8.3 8.4
2001 30.3 97.8 106.9 211.8 103.8 56.0 99.7 64.8 83.2 25.4 21.2 33.6 72.5 49.0 39.8 50.0 24.4 11.9
2002 17.2 39.2 67.8 45.6 60.6 41.0 117.8 164.7 61.6 29.5 20.8 14.3 20.6 47.3 26.4 20.8 11.4 10.6
2003 2.1 12.9 50.4 36.7 57.9 68.2 45.3 43.7 119.2 50.3 19.5 12.9 71.3 52.2 33.5 17.9 9.5 7.6
Page 20
Table 5.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idamalayar reservoir (Mm3) – From June to November contd…
June III
Nov III
June II
Aug III
July III
Sep III
Oct III
Nov II
June I
Aug II
July II
Sep II
Oct II
Nov I
Aug I
July I
Sep I
Oct I
Year
2004 71.3 201.4 58.5 79.7 80.2 101.1 195.5 88.8 35.7 15.3 30.7 33.9 53.3 38.9 23.8 41.4 25.1 11.7
2005 16.8 33.8 69.9 147.7 109.5 247.6 215.3 89.8 57.7 134.7 155.3 63.3 26.0 42.5 26.4 19.2 17.5 16.8
2006 47.1 20.2 95.2 145.4 161.0 88.8 44.2 150.2 61.2 27.8 104.7 91.4 63.7 74.1 30.8 50.4 25.3 25.4
2007 11.6 32.9 130.8 277.8 238.3 108.8 143.6 94.8 87.2 97.7 115.8 124.6 47.1 35.1 77.0 42.9 17.8 9.7
2008 17.6 32.7 51.5 45.3 46.7 143.8 97.2 119.2 60.0 86.5 84.6 31.4 18.5 17.3 62.1 14.2 10.5 9.5
2009 19.6 15.9 22.8 120.4 265.9 94.5 49.3 50.8 90.8 161.9 71.5 49.5 122.0 39.6 14.6 22.4 32.3 13.4
2010 14.2 77.8 61.9 89.3 72.5 135.8 92.6 77.5 85.0 63.1 63.0 60.8 111.7 61.5 50.4 46.0 58.0 76.1
2011 76.0 89.5 68.6 51.1 120.7 137.9 136.1 109.9 131.9 175.7 119.4 40.3 14.6 20.3 33.1 42.0 15.5 12.3
2012 11.7 32.6 32.6 51.5 43.0 66.3 40.9 101.3 78.3 120.7 48.6 19.3 13.5 23.6 18.6 21.2 9.3 8.0
2013 21.2 104.3 226.6 153.5 155.6 213.5 299.5 78.5 56.5 60.9 125.4 111.2 29.4 29.9 29.7 15.5 12.1 7.3
2014 16.4 26.7 70.2 26.7 146.4 176.2 224.8 103.3 111.2 135.4 55.4 43.2 54.0 34.2 71.8 27.6 17.7 10.9
2015 12.4 22.7 167.3 42.2 66.2 129.1 36.8 80.2 43.7 39.0 26.9 27.5 44.0 30.5 18.3 21.0 17.8 18.0
2016 19.3 32.6 51.6 69.3 114.7 66.1 43.4 49.4 52.7 40.4 22.8 22.2 19.3 22.8 15.3 10.8 7.1 4.4
2017 11.5 17.9 64.1 43.6 43.7 63.6 76.5 59.6 140.7 94.1 127.6 67.1 33.4 47.9 30.1 20.0 12.1 7.8
2018 53.1 161.7 101.3 74.2 310.6 219.3 198.9 486.3 110.4 40.1 9.6 13.9 21.5 33.4 19.3 11.2 11.0 9.5
Page 21
Table 5.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Idamalayar reservoir (Mm3) – From December to May contd…
MayIII
May II
MarIII
Jan III
DecIII
May I
FebIII
AprIII
MarII
Jan II
DecII
FebII
AprII
MarI
Year
Jan I
DecI
FebI
AprI
1987 25.3 22.8 14.0 11.5 10.5 7.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.2 11.3 12.8 11.6 15.2 18.1
1988 9.6 8.9 7.1 11.2 10.1 8.0 5.5 8.5 11.2 10.9 8.9 7.6 11.9 15.6 16.4 18.4 11.2 11.9
1989 4.8 6.0 3.5 7.5 5.4 6.5 5.6 5.1 2.6 5.8 5.5 10.6 8.5 9.3 6.7 10.1 13.0 11.1
1990 8.8 7.6 6.3 2.6 7.7 6.2 3.4 4.2 2.8 7.0 8.6 6.9 6.3 6.7 6.7 8.1 11.9 36.2
1991 5.0 5.3 5.9 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.6 3.8 3.8 6.3 3.9 5.7 7.6 9.7 7.5 6.8 9.8 8.0
1992 20.1 11.6 7.4 6.3 6.6 7.6 5.3 4.0 3.8 4.4 6.7 6.4 5.9 4.6 8.6 9.0 15.2 11.0
1993 13.7 9.6 12.6 4.4 5.3 2.8 1.2 1.8 5.0 8.6 6.5 5.5 5.3 8.4 7.2 5.2 8.0 8.9
1994 14.5 9.2 8.7 5.7 10.0 7.2 5.4 6.5 3.7 4.2 6.3 6.8 9.2 7.5 6.5 6.7 9.7 16.8
1995 8.6 5.9 7.8 7.1 6.3 6.4 8.4 8.6 8.2 10.3 8.5 11.9 14.1 13.1 13.7 24.9 25.8 19.7
1996 10.6 18.3 9.3 8.2 8.5 8.9 5.9 6.8 6.3 8.2 8.7 9.4 8.3 12.2 8.6 6.3 8.8 8.5
1997 25.8 15.8 13.2 5.9 6.5 4.6 5.0 5.0 6.6 7.0 8.2 7.9 8.5 6.1 9.8 11.4 8.5 15.7
1998 4.4 17.3 6.3 7.5 3.9 8.0 5.5 3.5 3.5 5.4 4.8 6.8 4.8 7.9 9.5 11.3 10.5 9.2
1999 7.3 4.1 4.4 3.0 2.7 1.0 2.2 4.5 3.2 1.6 3.4 3.2 4.2 1.5 1.8 7.7 10.1 64.3
2000 8.6 2.1 7.1 5.0 6.1 4.6 4.1 3.8 3.1 2.4 3.9 2.2 4.7 4.3 5.0 5.2 9.2 10.4
2001 8.5 7.3 7.0 2.0 2.5 2.8 2.1 1.0 0.8 4.3 4.4 4.8 6.1 14.0 9.8 7.7 8.8 18.5
2002 25.3 22.8 14.0 7.1 4.2 4.9 4.9 3.0 1.1 2.9 4.5 5.0 5.7 2.6 6.9 6.9 14.8 13.2
2003 9.6 8.9 7.1 5.1 5.0 4.5 4.2 2.6 4.1 5.4 7.5 3.7 3.7 4.1 4.5 6.8 3.9 3.9
Page 22
Table 5.3. Ten Daily Inflow series at Idamalayar reservoir (Mm3) - From December to May
MayIII
May II
MarIII
Jan III
DecIII
May I
FebIII
AprIII
MarII
Jan II
DecII
FebII
AprII
MarI
Year
Jan I
DecI
FebI
AprI
2004 7.7 5.7 4.7 2.4 2.4 3.5 2.2 2.3 1.6 3.8 1.0 3.0 3.8 3.9 5.3 16.5 26.1 35.0
2005 16.9 12.9 8.4 4.3 2.5 5.0 2.0 2.9 1.7 3.2 3.5 3.1 8.6 4.5 8.2 10.1 8.0 7.8
2006 9.8 5.9 2.6 6.7 4.7 2.9 2.4 4.7 1.8 8.1 1.8 4.3 2.4 10.4 2.4 5.1 8.1 56.2
2007 4.2 4.4 2.0 0.8 1.1 4.9 3.3 2.5 2.2 3.3 3.1 4.7 3.8 5.4 6.5 4.4 2.6 11.9
2008 9.1 7.4 3.7 4.0 6.1 7.1 6.0 4.7 3.0 2.4 7.4 10.3 6.0 7.2 4.7 4.8 5.9 12.0
2009 7.8 4.3 7.8 2.8 4.0 4.7 3.4 5.2 3.1 3.3 4.1 3.0 3.6 3.2 5.4 6.5 5.5 11.4
2010 19.5 9.5 7.1 3.2 4.6 4.3 2.9 3.3 1.1 2.5 1.7 6.0 4.6 4.3 5.7 11.1 7.7 8.2
2011 8.9 7.3 5.6 9.7 7.7 6.3 3.4 2.7 3.6 4.2 4.2 6.7 3.3 7.7 15.6 7.2 6.9 11.8
2012 5.0 4.1 5.0 5.2 2.6 1.7 0.9 3.7 1.4 2.4 1.7 1.9 3.0 4.8 10.2 4.8 5.5 11.5
2013 6.0 4.6 4.7 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.5 4.8 2.5 4.4 3.8 4.6 8.1 4.5 6.0 4.7 1.5 4.3
2014 9.7 9.9 4.7 3.1 3.3 4.7 2.5 3.3 2.6 3.3 1.5 2.3 5.8 4.8 5.5 8.7 6.5 10.3
2015 17.4 14.7 8.7 2.6 1.6 1.7 2.3 2.3 1.9 5.8 3.0 1.1 3.3 10.6 10.2 6.4 15.7 10.1
2016 5.4 4.6 3.8 5.1 4.7 4.9 3.9 4.5 3.0 4.2 6.3 6.4 7.1 2.8 3.5 7.2 5.7 9.6
2017 8.1 4.9 4.5 2.6 2.2 3.7 1.9 1.5 1.9 5.9 5.0 4.8 5.5 3.4 5.2 5.9 9.4 8.5
2018 5.1 3.2 3.8 3.1 3.7 3.7 5.2 4.0 1.7 1.4 4.5 3.7 5.1 3.8 2.7 8.4 12.4 14.9
Page 23
5.7 10-Daily inflow series with 50% and 90% percentage of dependability
Table 5.7.1 - 90% dependable 10-Daily Inflow series (Cumulative) (Mm3)

Time Step Time Step
inflow inflow
June I 11.46 Dec I 4.80
June II 15.90 Dec II 4.07
June III 22.76 Dec III 3.52
July I 32.53 Jan I 2.23
July II 46.45 Jan II 2.16
July III 41.04 Jan III 1.66
Aug I 40.90 Feb I 1.90
Aug II 49.40 Feb II 1.53
Aug III 52.65 Feb III 1.07
Sep I 27.83 Mar I 1.60
Sep II 19.47 Mar II 1.54
Sep III 14.32 Mar III 1.87
Oct I 14.58 Apr I 3.25
Oct II 18.25 Apr II 2.83
Oct III 15.31 Apr III 2.73
Nov I 11.20 May I 4.84
Nov II 8.46 May II 3.88
Nov III 7.56 May III 7.83
Page 24
Table 5.7.1 - 50% dependable 10 daily Inflow series

(Cumulative) (Mm3)
June I 19.33
June II 47.84
June III 64.07
July I 79.71
July II 103.81
July III 129.13
Aug I 99.73
Aug II 88.83
Aug III 83.17
Sep I 63.60
Sep II 55.37
Sep III 40.30
Oct I 41.85
Oct II 38.91
Oct III 31.26
Nov I 25.09
Nov II 17.75
Nov III 10.85
1. MWL of reservoir – 171.20m
2. FRL of reservoir – 169.00m
3. MDDL – 115.00m
4. Crest level of spillway - 161.00m
6. At the end of the water year, 31st May, the net storage at Idamalayar reservoir shall
be good enough to generate at least 34Mu. Hence the target level at the end of May
is fixed as 123m.
Page 25
kept as 168.50m as decided by the committee.
8. Reservoir level shall not fall below 115.00m
From the storage corresponding to target level 168.50 m on November 20 th, the storage at
previous time steps are worked out for the inflow corresponding to 50% dependable inflow.
From the levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow, the intermediate upper rule levels
are judiciously arrived.
50% Water Schedule

Rule Reservoir
Date Rule Level dependable spread PH
Storage Losses
inflow area demand
Mm3 m Mm3 Sq km Mm3 Mm3
June 10th 436.60 142.86 19.328 19.800 0.087 25.91
June 20th 458.73 144.00 47.844 20.270 0.088 25.63
June 30th 497.54 145.88 64.069 21.010 0.089 25.18
July 10th 560.00 148.78 79.711 22.060 0.087 17.16
July 20th 647.14 152.58 103.811 23.420 0.089 16.58
July 31st 758.66 157.26 129.130 24.980 0.092 17.52
Aug 10th 844.63 160.45 99.734 25.940 0.099 13.66
Aug 20th 920.00 163.11 88.834 26.680 0.100 13.37
Aug 31st 988.63 165.49 83.169 27.330 0.102 14.43
Sep 10th 1022.62 166.67 63.600 27.660 0.105 29.51
Sep 20th 1048.58 167.57 55.367 27.910 0.106 29.30
Sep 30th 1059.56 167.95 40.301 28.010 0.106 29.21
Oct 10th 1072.18 168.39 41.850 28.130 0.117 29.11
Oct 20th 1081.94 168.72 38.914 28.220 0.118 29.04
Oct 31st 1081.13 168.70 31.256 28.220 0.118 31.95
Nov 10th 1081.91 168.72 25.094 28.220 0.118 24.20
Nov 20th 1075.30 168.50 17.752 28.160 0.117 24.24
Page 26
period from June 1st to November 20th is judiciously arrived at by setting the target level in
the reservoir on November 20th as 168.5m. The target level in the initial time step is taken as
161m i.e., the Crest Level of spillway. The storage corresponding to rule level and the flood
space available at respective levels is shown in the table below.
Table 5.10.1 - Upper rule levels of Idamalayar reservoir

Time Step Date Upper Rule Rule Flood space Percentage
Levels storage upto FRL Gross Storage
m Mm3 Mm3 %
1 June 10th 161 860 229.80 78.9%
2 June 20th 161 860 229.80 78.9%
3 June 30th 161 860 229.80 78.9%
4 July 10th 161 860 229.80 78.9%
5 July 20th 162 888.3 201.50 81.5%
6 July 31st 164 945.5 144.30 86.8%
7 Aug 10th 166 1003.1 86.70 92.0%
8 Aug 20th 166.5 1017.5 72.30 93.4%
9 Aug 31st 166.5 1017.5 72.30 93.4%
10 Sep 10th 167 1031.9 57.90 94.7%
11 Sep 20th 167 1031.9 57.90 94.7%
12 Sep 30th 167 1031.9 57.90 94.7%
13 Oct 10th 168 1060.8 29.00 97.3%
14 Oct 20th 168 1060.8 29.00 97.3%
15 Oct 31st 168 1060.8 29.00 97.3%
16 Nov 10th 168.5 1075.3 14.50 98.7%
17 Nov 20th 168.5 1075.3 14.50 98.7%
18 Nov 30th 169 1089.8 229.80 78.9%
impinging level as 167 m, the rule levels in the active monsoon period. The details of routing
are attached as Annexure B1 & B2. It is found that the reservoir level is not encroaching the
FRL after allowing a spill within the spillway capacity.
Page 27
The lower rule levels are derived based on 90% dependable inflow series. The target date
and level set for deriving lower rule levels are 31st May and 123m. The storage at previous
time steps worked out beginning from the target storage. The rule levels arrived at
corresponding to the respective storages are tabulated below;
Table 5.11.1 - Lower rule levels of Idamalayar reservoir
90% Water
Rule Rule Reservoir PH
Date Dependable Spread
Storage Level Losses Demand
Inflow Area
June 10th 478.85 144.99 11.464 20.690 0.088 49.21
June 20th 455.24 143.82 15.898 20.200 0.087 39.42
June 30th 432.93 142.67 22.758 19.720 0.086 44.98
July 10th 426.29 142.33 32.525 19.570 0.082 39.08
July 20th 428.68 142.45 46.455 19.620 0.082 43.99
July 31st 449.49 143.52 41.040 20.070 0.083 20.15
Aug 10th 474.10 144.75 40.902 20.590 0.088 16.20
Aug 20th 511.37 146.54 49.399 21.250 0.090 12.04
Aug 31st 545.17 148.10 52.650 21.810 0.091 18.76
Sep 10th 562.70 148.90 27.825 22.100 0.093 10.21
Sep 20th 564.50 148.99 19.472 22.130 0.093 17.58
Sep 30th 552.00 148.41 14.316 21.920 0.093 26.72
Oct 10th 550.33 148.33 14.585 21.900 0.102 16.16
Oct 20th 561.73 148.86 18.252 22.090 0.102 6.75
Oct 31st 565.10 149.01 15.314 22.140 0.102 11.84
Nov 10th 562.23 148.88 11.200 22.090 0.102 13.97
Nov 20th 563.19 148.93 8.464 22.110 0.102 7.40
Nov 30th 563.57 148.94 7.561 22.120 0.102 7.08
Dec 10th 547.07 148.18 4.796 21.840 0.115 21.19
Dec 20th 534.59 147.61 4.067 21.630 0.114 16.43
Dec 31st 509.42 146.44 3.524 21.210 0.113 28.58
Jan 10th 492.79 145.65 2.233 20.930 0.120 18.74
Jan 20th 480.29 145.06 2.162 20.710 0.119 14.55
Jan 31st 462.05 144.16 1.662 20.340 0.118 19.79
Feb 10th 443.68 143.22 1.902 19.950 0.131 20.14
Feb 20th 424.28 142.22 1.525 19.530 0.129 20.79
Feb 28th 404.72 141.21 1.066 19.110 0.127 20.50
Mar 10th 368.84 139.35 1.600 18.290 0.137 37.35
Mar 20th 325.79 137.04 1.535 17.180 0.131 44.45
Mar 31st 262.85 133.02 1.868 15.130 0.121 64.69
Apr 10th 222.16 130.21 3.252 13.610 0.100 43.84
Apr 20th 197.21 128.36 2.831 12.610 0.096 27.68
Apr 30th 174.74 126.45 2.729 11.580 0.092 25.11
May 10th 158.36 124.98 4.836 10.790 0.076 21.14
May 20th 146.97 123.89 3.878 10.270 0.075 15.20
May 31st 138.00 123.00 7.826 9.840 0.074 16.72
Page 28
5.12 Rule Curve
Fig 5.2. Rule curve of Idamlayar reservoir
Page 29
5.13 Layout Map – Idamalayar Hydro Electric Project
Fig: 5.13.1 – Layout Map
Page 30
6. Rule Levels for Kakki reservoir

6.1 General
Kakki reservoir is constructed as part of Sabarigiri Hydro Electric Project (335 MW). Two
reservoirs are created as part of the project by constructing a dam in Pampa stream and the
other in Kakki stream. The gross storage of the Pamba reservoir is 39 Mm3 and Kakki
reservoir is 484Mm3. The water stored in the Pamba reservoir is diverted to Kakki reservoir
through an interconnecting tunnel and water form Pamba plus the Kakki reservoir is
diverted to Sabarigiri Power Station located at Moozhiyar through a tunnel/penstock
system. The average annual generation expected from this project is about 1338 Mu. The
rate of diversion to power station is 46 m3/s. The spill way of the Kakki reservoir is provided
in flanking dam at Anathodu. There are 4 nos. of radial gates. The size of gate is
12.80mX6.1m. The spill water flows to Kakki river. Lay out of structures constructed as part
hydroelectric projects in Pamba basin is shown in section 6.12
6.2 Salient Levels

- The FRL is 981.46m
- The MDDL is 900.68m
6.3 Elevation - Storage - Area Details
Table 6.3.1 - Elevation - Storage – Area

Details of Kakki reservoir
Submerged
Water level Storage
area
(m) capacity (Mm3)
(Sq. km)
896.11 1.87 0.28
902.21 4.16 0.47
908.30 7.61 0.66
914.40 12.47 1.00
920.50 20.12 1.51
926.59 31.41 2.20
932.69 47.02 2.92
938.78 67.46 3.79
944.88 92.35 4.38
950.98 124.24 6.09
957.07 166.09 7.65
963.17 217.14 9.10
969.26 278.51 11.03
975.36 356.43 14.54
981.46 454.14 17.51
987.55 573.92 21.79
Page 31
Table 6.4.1 - Scheduled generation of

Sabarigiri HEP
Scheduled
Generation from
Month
Sabarigiri Power
Station (Mu)
54
June
77.5
July
58.9
August
91.5
September
79.05
October
81
November
105.4
December
83.7
January
104
February
192.2
March
186
April
192.2
May
6.5 Inflow to Kakki reservoirs in critical years
Daily inflow to Kakki reservoir during critical years 2018 (very wet year), 2016 (dry year),
2014 (normal year), 2013 (very wet year) & 1989 (wet year) is shown in the graph below.
The extreme peak of inflow in the year 2018 is very well depicted in the graphical
Fig 6.1. Daily inflow series of various years

Page 32
Table 6.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Kakki reservoir (Mm3) – From June to November
June III
Nov III
June II
Aug III
July III
Sep III
Oct III
Nov II
June I
Aug II
July II
Sep II
Oct II
Nov I
Aug I
July I
Sep I
Oct I
Year
2003 2.6 2.5 21.7 14.5 24.0 26.4 15.8 30.5 54.6 22.6 21.5 6.1 51.7 37.8 30.6 21.2 18.2 9.5
2004 29.3 110.2 42.8 34.6 33.2 37.4 117.9 40.3 20.9 12.6 22.3 24.8 28.1 30.3 29.6 27.6 26.3 14.1
2005 4.3 23.1 35.1 58.1 51.0 148.5 101.1 25.2 22.3 95.9 71.7 58.9 22.3 26.6 42.4 26.0 32.7 30.8
2006 30.5 7.4 45.4 55.9 90.7 40.0 18.4 61.8 34.2 18.2 33.1 43.7 23.0 65.8 49.7 46.5 43.7 37.1
2007 2.9 16.3 77.9 106.4 81.6 69.0 46.8 40.4 37.5 35.5 64.9 86.9 33.7 33.1 55.1 50.7 23.2 19.6
2008 3.8 7.5 18.0 20.0 15.8 78.2 55.6 55.6 32.2 37.2 47.8 15.6 12.9 24.9 40.5 14.6 13.0 16.2
2009 11.6 10.1 14.0 57.2 91.0 49.7 28.4 33.5 31.1 76.3 33.5 21.5 58.8 20.3 25.8 42.7 34.4 31.0
2010 9.4 41.9 29.6 45.2 62.6 81.2 30.2 42.7 59.5 36.5 24.5 28.5 48.0 32.9 21.4 19.4 21.7 40.1
2011 57.0 48.1 30.6 22.0 58.1 63.2 53.3 48.0 56.0 70.0 38.9 19.1 13.2 20.3 33.9 36.1 17.3 36.0
2012 3.2 8.6 11.0 24.7 17.4 27.6 15.2 41.4 34.7 46.6 19.8 12.7 9.9 23.1 32.1 10.6 8.4 8.4
2013 10.5 58.6 118.9 68.3 68.6 99.1 105.4 42.2 32.3 29.9 67.8 51.7 30.8 29.4 31.7 22.9 23.4 27.7
2014 3.2 8.7 44.6 20.4 75.3 70.4 92.7 34.4 46.6 67.3 24.8 24.7 22.9 25.5 48.4 31.5 25.6 15.2
2015 6.7 11.7 84.8 30.0 33.2 52.3 20.7 45.5 28.8 17.0 18.6 20.6 26.4 22.9 21.2 31.3 29.5 34.1
2016 11.5 20.6 27.7 35.2 53.3 32.8 23.3 25.0 24.9 17.2 12.1 8.8 6.0 9.5 11.0 16.0 9.1 6.9
2017 9.0 9.4 40.3 22.6 12.6 18.4 42.0 27.2 76.2 43.8 58.0 41.0 28.9 23.4 21.3 26.5 15.6 19.1
2018 19.0 103.8 47.6 39.1 138.8 111.8 62.5 309.1 106.3 19.4 15.8 20.8 37.8 29.2 36.6 21.8 14.4 15.9
Page 33
Table 6.6.1 - Ten Daily Inflow series at Kakki reservoir (Mm3) – From December to May contd…
May III
Mar III
May II
Dec III
Feb III
Apr III
Mar II
Jan III
May I
Dec II
Feb II
Apr II
Mar I
Jan II
Dec I
Feb I
Apr I
Year
Jan I
2003 8.6 8.2 7.2 3.9 2.7 2.3 4.8 2.4 1.8 1.4 1.4 0.9 0.6 1.6 2.4 2.5 1.4 1.7
2004 11.3 7.6 6.7 5.2 5.0 5.0 5.2 3.1 5.0 2.5 3.4 4.7 4.0 2.0 3.4 17.2 17.9 21.2
2005 19.2 30.6 14.8 7.7 7.1 7.1 3.8 0.5 4.0 5.0 3.6 3.9 8.1 4.3 5.0 4.2 4.9 5.1
2006 10.2 11.9 11.8 11.6 11.5 8.0 8.3 5.5 6.2 8.2 8.2 10.5 7.7 7.5 6.1 7.6 4.9 25.0
2007 12.2 14.6 15.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 4.7 5.9 8.1 9.3 5.6 5.0 8.0 3.6 4.2 3.1 7.1
2008 11.4 12.6 10.9 8.0 5.4 7.6 8.9 10.3 5.3 7.4 18.2 18.6 15.7 9.8 6.8 9.0 2.5 3.2
2009 17.6 12.1 11.7 8.5 5.9 7.1 5.5 4.7 5.3 7.0 5.5 6.9 4.3 7.8 10.9 6.0 3.9 11.1
2010 27.5 17.3 14.4 7.3 8.6 7.8 6.5 6.0 4.7 9.8 6.3 10.8 6.7 5.4 7.9 8.7 2.7 8.0
2011 22.2 12.5 9.2 20.4 9.0 6.7 4.4 8.1 11.2 8.8 10.5 14.1 8.4 12.0 10.1 5.7 3.0 6.9
2012 7.5 7.5 9.4 7.0 5.9 6.2 9.2 8.5 3.7 8.4 9.6 8.4 7.2 7.7 8.5 8.7 4.4 5.3
2013 17.4 13.9 12.8 4.6 2.8 3.1 3.2 4.3 1.6 6.5 7.6 6.1 3.9 4.7 4.7 6.1 3.1 3.0
2014 14.8 16.2 10.5 11.7 8.1 6.4 4.8 7.4 6.7 8.5 7.9 8.5 4.6 3.9 8.7 16.1 5.4 1.1
2015 31.7 22.5 13.2 5.8 5.7 7.3 6.7 6.6 4.5 8.3 9.5 11.3 8.2 12.9 11.3 9.5 13.7 8.2
2016 8.1 5.5 8.4 8.2 8.6 7.9 5.7 5.6 3.6 6.3 7.1 6.1 6.0 7.0 4.3 4.6 5.8 5.0
2017 58.0 17.4 9.5 4.2 2.5 6.1 3.0 2.6 2.9 5.5 5.8 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.0 4.1 5.9 3.2
2018 8.8 6.2 7.3 7.1 5.9 5.8 3.9 3.1 5.3 10.6 11.3 8.5 11.2 9.9 13.1 6.9 7.4 12.6
Page 34
6.7 10-Daily inflow series with 50% & 90% dependability
Table 6.7.1 - 90% dependable 10-Daily Inflow series (Cumulative)

(Mm3)
Time Step Time Step
inflow inflow
June I 2.56 Dec 10th 7.45
June II 2.54 Dec 20th 5.46
June III 11.05 Dec 31st 6.74
July I 14.51 Jan 10th 0.01
July II 12.58 Jan 20th 0.01
July III 18.38 Jan 31st 0.02
Aug I 15.21 Feb 10th 2.96
Aug II 24.98 Feb 20th 0.50
Aug III 20.89 Feb 28th 1.57
Sep I 12.56 Mar 10th 1.39
Sep II 12.14 Mar 20th 1.35
Sep III 6.08 Mar 31st 0.89
Oct I 5.99 Apr 10th 0.58
Oct II 9.53 Apr 20th 1.62
Oct III 10.99 Apr 30th 2.37
Nov I 10.65 May 10th 2.55
Nov II 8.40 May 20th 1.42
Nov III 6.94 May 31st 1.06
Page 35
Table 6.7.2 - 50% dependable 10-Daily Inflow

series (Cumulative) (Mm3)
June I 9.00
June II 11.68
June III 35.06
July I 34.60
July II 53.29
July III 52.31
Aug I 41.98
Aug II 40.40
Aug III 34.18
Sep I 35.54
Sep II 24.82
Sep III 21.47
Oct I 26.35
Oct II 25.48
Oct III 31.73
Nov I 25.95
Nov II 21.67
Nov III 19.07
3. MDDL – 908.30m
6. At the end of the water year, 31st May, the target level is fixed as 908.30m (MDDL), as
decided by the committee.
kept as 981.00m as decided by the committee.
8. Reservoir level shall not fall below 908.30m.
Page 36
From the storage corresponding to target level 981m on November 20th, the storage at
previous time steps are worked out for the inflow corresponding to 50% dependable inflow.
Hence from the levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow, the intermediate upper rule
levels are judiciously arrived.
50% Water Schedule

Rule Rule Reservoir
Date dependable spread PH
Storage Level Losses
inflow area demand
Sq
Mm3 m Mm3 Mm3 Mm3
km
June 10th 190.81 960.02 9.000 8.350 0.139 11.495
June 20th 190.85 960.02 11.675 8.350 0.139 11.495
June 30th 214.30 962.83 35.057 9.020 0.150 11.453
July 10th 232.89 964.73 34.599 9.590 0.146 15.868
July 20th 270.22 968.43 53.295 10.770 0.164 15.792
July 31st 305.04 971.33 52.309 12.220 0.186 17.306
Aug 10th 334.86 973.67 41.978 13.570 0.238 11.921
Aug 20th 363.11 975.77 40.400 14.740 0.258 11.889
Aug 31st 383.94 977.07 34.180 15.370 0.296 13.056
Sep 10th 400.14 978.08 35.544 15.860 0.310 19.029
Sep 20th 405.63 978.43 24.819 16.030 0.314 19.020
Sep 30th 407.77 978.56 21.473 16.100 0.315 19.017
Oct 10th 417.87 979.19 26.353 16.400 0.367 15.887
Oct 20th 427.10 979.77 25.479 16.690 0.373 15.875
Oct 31st 440.96 980.63 31.726 17.110 0.421 17.443
Nov 10th 449.69 981.18 25.953 17.370 0.446 16.779
Nov 20th 454.14 981.46 21.671 17.510 0.449 16.773
period from June 1st to November 20th is judiciously arrived at by setting the target level in the
reservoir on November 20th as 981m. The target level in the initial time step is taken as 976m
(Crest Level of spillway - 975.36m). The storage corresponding to rule level and the flood space
available at respective levels is shown in the table below.
Page 37
Table 6.10.1 - Upper Rule level of Kakki dam
Time Upper Rule Flood space Percentage

Date Rule storage
Step Levels upto FRL Gross Storage
m Mm3 Mm3 %
1 June 10th 976 366.68 87.46 80.7%
2 June 20th 976 366.68 87.46 80.7%
3 June 30th 976 366.68 87.46 80.7%
4 July 10th 977 382.7 71.44 84.3%
5 July 20th 977 382.7 71.44 84.3%
6 July 31st 977 382.7 71.44 84.3%
7 Aug 10th 978 398.72 55.42 87.8%
8 Aug 20th 978 398.72 55.42 87.8%
9 Aug 31st 978 398.72 55.42 87.8%
10 Sep 10th 978.5 406.73 47.41 89.6%
11 Sep 20th 978.5 406.73 47.41 89.6%
12 Sep 30th 979 414.74 39.40 91.3%
13 Oct 10th 979.5 422.74 31.40 93.1%
14 Oct 20th 979.5 422.74 31.40 93.1%
15 Oct 31st 980.5 438.76 15.38 96.6%
16 Nov 10th 981 446.77 7.37 98.4%
17 Nov 20th 981 446.77 7.37 98.4%
18 Nov 30th 981.46 454.14 0.00 100.0%
Flood hydrograph with 100-year return period was routed through the reservoir with impinging
level as 979.5 m, the rule levels in the active monsoon period. The details of routing are
attached as Annexure C1 & C2. It is found that the reservoir level is not encroaching the FRL
after allowing a spill within the spillway capacity.
The lower rule levels are derived based on 90% dependable inflow series. The target date and
level set for deriving lower rule levels are 31st May and 908.30m. The storage at previous time
steps worked out beginning from the target storage. The rule levels arrived at corresponding to
the respective storages are tabulated below.
Page 38
Table 6.11.1 - Lower Rule level of Kakki dam
90% Water
Rule Rule Reservoir PH
Date Dependable Spread
Storage Level Losses Demand
Inflow Area
June 10th 276.39 969.05 2.56 10.96 0.18 12.89
June 20th 265.63 967.98 2.54 10.62 0.18 13.12
June 30th 267.72 968.18 11.05 10.69 0.18 8.78
July 10th 275.17 968.92 14.51 10.92 0.17 6.89
July 20th 279.06 969.30 12.58 11.05 0.17 8.52
July 31st 287.56 969.96 18.38 11.43 0.17 9.70
Aug 10th 291.61 970.28 15.21 11.62 0.20 10.96
Aug 20th 304.97 971.33 24.98 12.22 0.21 11.41
Aug 31st 309.61 971.69 20.89 12.43 0.24 16.01
Sep 10th 304.46 971.29 12.56 12.20 0.24 17.47
Sep 20th 296.90 970.70 12.14 11.86 0.23 19.47
Sep 30th 289.90 970.15 6.08 11.54 0.23 12.86
Oct 10th 285.39 969.79 5.99 11.33 0.25 10.24
Oct 20th 282.98 969.61 9.53 11.23 0.25 11.69
Oct 31st 278.20 969.22 10.99 11.02 0.27 15.50
Nov 10th 274.17 968.82 10.65 10.89 0.28 14.40
Nov 20th 267.12 968.13 8.40 10.67 0.27 15.17
Nov 30th 264.01 967.82 6.94 10.57 0.27 9.78
Dec 10th 260.05 967.42 7.45 10.45 0.35 11.05
Dec 20th 255.93 967.01 5.46 10.32 0.35 9.24
Dec 31st 244.35 965.86 6.74 9.95 0.34 17.98
Jan 10th 233.83 964.82 0.01 9.62 0.31 10.22
Jan 20th 225.95 964.04 0.01 9.38 0.30 7.60
Jan 31st 217.61 963.21 0.02 9.11 0.32 8.04
Feb 10th 211.58 962.50 2.96 8.94 0.36 8.64
Feb 20th 203.75 961.57 0.50 8.72 0.35 7.98
Feb 28th 194.68 960.48 1.57 8.46 0.27 10.38
Mar 10th 179.33 958.65 1.39 8.03 0.32 16.42
Mar 20th 164.19 956.79 1.35 7.58 0.30 16.19
Mar 31st 137.28 952.87 0.89 6.57 0.29 27.50
Apr 10th 108.32 947.93 0.58 5.24 0.21 29.33
Apr 20th 86.54 943.45 1.62 4.24 0.17 23.23
Apr 30th 65.02 938.05 2.37 3.69 0.15 23.74
May 10th 38.35 929.30 2.55 2.52 0.08 29.13
May 20th 16.94 917.96 1.42 1.30 0.04 22.79
May 31st 7.61 908.30 1.06 0.66 0.02 10.36
Page 39
6.12 Rule Curve
Fig 6.2. Rule curve of Kakki reservoir
Page 40
6.13 Lay out of Structures of Hydroelectric Projects in Pamba basin
Fig. 6.13.1 Lay out of structures of hydroelectric projects in Pamba basin
Page 41
7. Rule levels of Banasurasagar Reservoir

7.1 General
The Banasurasagar reservoir or Kuttiyadi Augumentation reservoir is constructed as part

of Kuttiyadi Augumentation Scheme. The reservoir of gross storage capacity of 209 Mm3
is created by constructing a homogeneous rolled earth fill type dam at Padinjarethara
across Karamanthodu, a tributary of Panamaram River. From the water stored in this
reservoir, about 155.76 Mm 3 is diverted to the existing Kuttiyadi Reservoir through
tunnel, for augmenting power generation and irrigation In Kuttiyadi valley. The overflow
arrangement of the Banasurasagar reservoir is provided in a separate spillway Dam. The
spill from the reservoir is discharged through 4 nos of radial gates of size 10.97 m x 9.20
m with a design flood of 1275m3/sec.
7.2 Salient Levels

- The FRL is 775.60m
7.3 Elevation - Storage Details
Table 7.3.1 - Elevation – Storage details of

Banasurasagar reservoir
Water level (m) Storage capacity (Mm3)

755 24.1
757 34.3
759 46.2
761 60.2
763 75.6
765 93
767 112
769 132
771 154.6
773 177.6
775 202
775.6 209.25
Page 42
7.4 Inflow to Banasurasagar Reservoir in critical years
A comparison of daily inflow to Banasurasagar reservoir during the year 2018 (very wet
year) is made with the inflow for the year 2008(very dry year), 2012 (normal year),
2013(very wet year) and is shown in the graph below. The extreme peak of inflow in the
year 2018 is very well depicted in the graphical representation of the series.
Daily Inflow series

25.00
2008
20.00 2012
2013
Inflow (MCM)
15.00
2018
10.00
5.00
0.00
03-Aug
10-Aug
17-Aug
24-Aug
31-Aug
07-Sep
14-Sep
21-Sep
28-Sep
08-Jun
02-Nov
09-Nov
01-Jun
15-Jun
22-Jun
29-Jun
06-Jul
13-Jul
20-Jul
27-Jul
05-Oct
12-Oct
19-Oct
26-Oct
Date
Fig 7.1. Daily inflow series of various years
7.5 10- Daily Dependable inflow series
Table 7.5.1 - 50% dependable 10-Daily

Inflow series (Cumulative) (Mm3)
50% dependable
Time step
inflow (Mm3)
June 10th 5.09

June 20th 20.99
June 30th 19.79
July 10th 23.89
July 20th 19.49
July 31st 41.32
Aug 10th 41.69
Aug 20th 30.89
Aug 31st 28.92
Sep 10th 39.09
Sep 20th 14.69
Page 43
4. As there is no release power generation directly from Banasurasagar reservoir,
lower rule curve is not developed.
5. The target date and level set for deriving upper rule levels are 20th September and
775.00 m, as decided.
From the storage corresponding to target level 775.00 m on September 20th, the storage
at previous time steps are worked out for the inflow corresponding to 50% dependable
inflow. From the rule levels corresponding to 50% dependable inflow as well as the peaks
in the historical water levels, the intermediate upper rule levels are judiciously arrived.
50%
50%
Date Rule Rule dependable
dependable
Storage Level Tunnel
inflow
discharge
Mm3 m Mm3 Mm3

June 10th 26.20 755.43 5.090 10.290
June 20th 36.90 757.38 20.990 10.290
June 30th 46.40 758.99 19.790 10.290
July 10th 60.00 760.94 23.890 10.290
July 20th 69.20 762.22 19.490 10.290
July 31st 99.20 765.71 41.318 11.318
Aug 10th 130.60 768.82 41.690 10.290
Aug 20th 151.20 770.71 30.890 10.290
Aug 31st 168.80 772.23 28.918 11.318
Sep 10th 197.60 774.64 39.090 10.290
Sep 20th 202.00 775.00 14.690 10.290
Page 44

From the rule levels derived based on 50% dependable inflow, the upper rule levels for
the period from June 1st to September 20th is judiciously arrived at by setting the target
level in the reservoir on September 20th as 775.00m. The target level in the initial time
step is taken as 767m (Crest Level of spillway -767m). Reservoir is allowed to rise upto
FRL (ie 775.60m) on Oct 20th. The storage corresponding to rule level and the flood space
available at respective levels is shown in the table below.
Table 7.8.1- Upper Rule levels

Time Date Upper Rule Rule storage Flood space Percentage
Step Levels upto FRL Gross Storage
m Mm3 Mm3 %
1 June 10th 767.00 112.00 97.25 53.5%
2 June 20th 767.00 112.00 97.25 53.5%
3 June 30th 768.00 121.60 87.65 58.1%
4 July 10th 771.00 154.60 54.65 73.9%
5 July 20th 773.50 183.60 25.65 87.7%
6 July 31st 773.50 183.60 25.65 87.7%
7 Aug 10th 774.00 189.90 19.35 90.8%
8 Aug 20th 774.50 195.80 13.45 93.6%
9 Aug 31st 774.50 195.80 13.45 93.6%
10 Sep 10th 775.00 202.00 7.25 96.5%
11 Sep 20th 775.00 202.00 7.25 96.5%
12 Sep 30th 775.00 202.00 7.25 96.5%
13 Oct 10th 775.00 202.00 7.25 96.5%
14 Oct 20th 775.60 209.25 0.00 100.0%
15 Oct 31st 775.60 209.25 0.00 100.0%
impinging level as 775.0 m, the rule level in the active monsoon period. The details of
routing are attached as Annexure D. It is found that the reservoir level is not encroaching
the FRL after allowing a spill within the spillway capacity.
Page 45
7.9 Layout of Structures under Kuttiyadi Hydro Electric Project
Fig 7.9.1 – Layout Map
Page 46
8. Rule levels of Sholayar Reservoir

The Sholayar reservoir was constructed as part of Sholayar HEP (54MW) and has a live
storage of 150.08 Mm3.The Sholayar reservoir has two dams viz. Sholayar Main Dam and
Sholayar Flanking Dam which are both masonry gravity dams. The spillway is provided in
the Flanking dam which has 5 nos. of radial gates of size 10.97 m x 6.40 m with a
maximum discharge capacity of 1739 cumecs.
Sholayar reservoir comes under the system of reservoirs of Parambikulam- Aliyar Project.
Maintenance of water levels in this reservoir, withdrawal/release from reservoir etc. are
to be done in compliance with the Parambikulam- Aliyar Project Agreement executed
between Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
As per PAP agreement, Tamil Nadu Government shall let down water from Tamil Nadu
Sholayar reservoir to Kerala Sholayar reservoir to ensure the following;
- Tamil Nadu shall commence filling Sholayar Reservoir from 1st July and fill it up to
2658feet as soon as possible.
- Sholayar reservoir shall be kept at the full reservoir level of 2663 feet on September
1st .
- From September 2nd to January 31st, the level in Sholayar Reservoir shall be
maintained at about 5 feet below FRL ie 2658 feet.
- On February 1st, the Sholayar reservoir shall be kept at full reservoir level of
2663feet.
- During February to June 30th, no releases need to be made from Tamilnadu reservoir
provided that 12.3 TMC of water had been delivered at the Sholayar Power House by
1st February.
As such rule levels are already there for Sholayar reservoir. Review of the levels can be
done only with the consensus of Joint Water Regulatory Board. Even then, based on
quality prediction of rainfall, the water level in the reservoir can be lowered to 0.50 m
below the FRL during August & October without conflicting with PAP agreement
considering the trend of inflow in the preceding month.
9. Recommendations
1. The rule levels arrived at for Idukki, Idamalayar, Kakki & Banasurasagar reservoirs
may be used as a guide line to plan in advance the appropriate volume of water to
be stored in the reservoir at each time step for satisfying operational objectives
including dam safety, flood mitigation, achieving sufficient end-of-operation
storage for conservation purposes and smooth operation.
2. The storage and inflow to the reservoir has to be reviewed at every time steps and
appropriate strategy is to be evolved based on the inflow forecast. It may be tried
to keep the reservoir level near to rule levels by adopting appropriate operation
strategy. Priority shall be given to maximize generation.
Page 47
3. As highly concentrated and extreme events are more common now, meticulous
planning is necessary for effective operation of the reservoir. Rule Levels at
various time steps along with inflow forecast to the reservoir based on a quality
rainfall prediction model shall be the basis for deciding the appropriate volume of
water to be stored in the reservoir at each time step in advance. In addition to
IMD prediction, prediction from other agencies like GFS may be explored for
general guidance.
4. Rule levels are not hard and fast levels and shall not be followed blindly, instead it
shall be used as a guide line for making prudent decisions for the effective
operation of the reservoirs, depending up on the hydrometerological status of the
basin then and there, especially in case of occurrence of extreme flood/drought
events.
5. A monitoring mechanism shall be in place for a continuous and comprehensive
review of the status of storage & water levels of reservoirs, inflow to the
reservoirs and to take appropriate decision for optimum utilization of the
available water resources to meet power generation, irrigation and drinking water
requirements of the State. To make it into effect, it is proposed to constitute an
institutional frame work with Chief Engineer (Transmission-System Operation),
Chief Engineer (Generation) and Chief Engineer (Civil – Dam Safety & DRIP) as
members, to take appropriate decision on reservoir operation time to time with
approval of concerned authorities and to ensure its proper implementation. For
the coordinated operation of the above, relevant data such as Storage/Water
level in reservoirs, hourly historical generation data, tentative schedule of
generation for the immediate two time steps, 10 day time step inflow analysis
reports, observation on inflow pattern etc. from the respective projects, shall be
mutually shared between each wing.
While taking appropriate operational strategies for implementation as part of the
guidelines mentioned in the report, relevant protocols, permissions, approvals,
publicity norms and other requirements as per KSEBL/ Govt. Orders applicable in
each case shall be complied.
6. It is also recommended to form a water management cell centrally at Pallom,

attached to the office of the Chief Engineer (Civil – Dam Safety & DRIP), for data
acquisition/ storage & retrieval, validation, analysis of precipitation and losses,
adoption of appropriate transform models, study of catchment responses,
characteristics of river reaches, reservoir characteristics etc. to arrive at the inflow
time series to various reservoirs and to conduct channel and reservoir routing to
assess the impact on downstream river channels.
Page 48
ANNEXURE A1 - Idukki Reservoir – Flood Hydrograph - 100 Yr return period
Page 50
ANNEXURE A2 - Idukki Reservoir – Flood routing with flood - 100 Yr return period
Flood routing - 100 Yr Flood with impingement level 2395 feet
Time I (I1+I2)/2 Iav * t S1- (O1 *t/2) S2+(O2 *t/2) Elevation Outflow Elevation
Hrs. m3/s m3/s Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 m m3/s feet

1 281 730.00 281 2395.00
2 291 286.23 1.03 730.00 291 2395.00
3 316 303.64 1.09 730.00 316 2395.00
4 359 337.70 1.22 730.00 359 2395.00
5 431 394.94 1.42 730.00 431 2395.00
6 531 481.08 1.73 730.00 531 2395.00
7 641 586.11 2.11 730.00 641 2395.00
8 752 696.30 2.51 730.00 752 2395.00
9 885 818.37 2.95 730.00 885 2395.00
10 1058 971.27 3.50 730.00 1058 2395.00
11 1252 1155.06 4.16 730.00 1252 2395.00
12 1465 1358.94 4.89 730.00 1465 2395.00
13 1678 1571.59 5.66 730.00 1678 2395.00
14 1810 1744.13 6.28 730.00 1810 2395.00
15 1823 1816.66 6.54 1857.98 1864.52 729.96 1817 2394.87
16 1758 1790.22 6.44 1857.98 1864.42 729.95 1817 2394.86
17 1656 1706.58 6.14 1857.88 1864.03 729.95 1817 2394.84
18 1555 1605.06 5.78 1857.49 1863.26 729.93 1817 2394.79
19 1473 1513.71 5.45 1856.72 1862.17 729.91 1817 2394.73
20 1409 1441.03 5.19 1855.63 1860.82 729.89 1817 2394.65
21 1372 1390.37 5.01 1854.28 1859.28 729.86 1817 2394.56
22 1368 1369.63 4.93 1852.74 1857.67 729.83 1817 2394.46
23 1394 1380.68 4.97 1851.13 1856.10 729.80 1817 2394.37
24 1451 1422.42 5.12 1849.56 1854.68 729.78 1817 2394.28
25 1534 1492.78 5.37 1848.14 1853.51 729.76 1817 2394.22
26 1636 1585.38 5.71 1846.97 1852.68 729.74 1817 2394.16
27 1748 1692.16 6.09 1846.14 1852.23 729.73 1817 2394.14
28 1874 1811.20 6.52 1845.69 1852.21 729.73 1817 2394.14
29 2034 1954.40 7.04 1845.67 1852.70 729.74 1817 2394.17
30 2224 2129.09 7.66 1846.16 1853.83 729.76 1817 2394.23
31 2398 2310.69 8.32 1847.29 1855.61 729.79 1817 2394.34
32 2550 2473.98 8.91 1849.06 1857.97 729.84 1817 2394.48
33 2739 2644.92 9.52 1851.43 1860.95 729.89 1817 2394.66
34 3117 2927.98 10.54 1854.41 1864.95 729.96 1817 2394.89
35 3579 3347.60 12.05 1858.41 1870.46 730.06 1817 2395.22
36 4125 3852.00 13.87 1863.92 1877.79 730.20 1817 2395.65
37 4788 4456.83 16.04 1871.25 1887.29 730.37 1817 2396.22
38 5286 5037.03 18.13 1880.75 1898.88 730.58 1817 2396.91
Page 51
39 5365 5325.19 19.17 1892.34 1911.51 730.81 1817 2397.65

40 5272 5318.32 19.15 1904.97 1924.12 731.03 1817 2398.40
41 5075 5173.44 18.62 1917.58 1936.20 731.25 1817 2399.12
42 4830 4952.19 17.83 1929.66 1947.49 731.46 1817 2399.79
43 4549 4689.03 16.88 1940.95 1957.83 731.64 1817 2400.38
44 4211 4379.58 15.77 1951.28 1967.05 731.79 1817 2400.90
45 3843 4026.98 14.50 1960.51 1975.01 731.93 1817 2401.35
46 3496 3669.73 13.21 1968.47 1981.68 732.04 1817 2401.72
47 3192 3344.12 12.04 1975.14 1987.17 732.14 1817 2402.03
48 2959 3075.81 11.07 1980.63 1991.71 732.22 1817 2402.28
49 2785 2872.35 10.34 1985.16 1995.51 732.28 1817 2402.50
50 2613 2699.12 9.72 1988.96 1998.68 732.34 1817 2402.67
51 2417 2514.95 9.05 1992.14 2001.19 732.38 1817 2402.82
52 2214 2315.23 8.33 1994.65 2002.99 732.41 1817 2402.92
53 2015 2114.13 7.61 1996.45 2004.06 732.43 1817 2402.98
54 1829 1922.06 6.92 1997.52 2004.44 732.43 1817 2403.00
55 1649 1739.37 6.26 1997.89 2004.16 732.43 1649 2402.98
56 1461 1555.04 5.60 1998.22 2003.82 732.42 1461 2402.96
57 1265 1362.94 4.91 1998.56 2003.46 732.42 1265 2402.94
58 1092 1178.49 4.24 1998.91 2003.15 732.41 1092 2402.93
59 934 1013.02 3.65 1999.22 2002.87 732.41 934 2402.91
60 797 865.32 3.12 1999.51 2002.62 732.40 797 2402.89
61 678 737.33 2.65 1999.75 2002.41 732.40 678 2402.88
62 577 627.66 2.26 1999.97 2002.23 732.40 577 2402.87
63 494 535.55 1.93 2000.15 2002.08 732.39 494 2402.86
64 428 460.73 1.66 2000.30 2001.96 732.39 428 2402.86
65 377 402.47 1.45 2000.42 2001.87 732.39 377 2402.85
66 340 358.74 1.29 2000.51 2001.80 732.39 340 2402.85
67 307 323.36 1.16 2000.57 2001.74 732.39 307 2402.84
68 269 287.78 1.04 2000.63 2001.67 732.39 269 2402.84
69 233 250.77 0.90 2000.70 2001.61 732.39 233 2402.84
70 209 220.88 0.80 2000.77 2001.56 732.38 209 2402.83
71 197 202.93 0.73 2000.81 2001.54 732.38 197 2402.83
72 191 193.98 0.70 2000.83 2001.53 732.38 191 2402.83
73 189 190.14 0.68 2000.84 2001.53 732.38 189 2402.83
74 188 188.63 0.68 2000.85 2001.53 732.38 188 2402.83
Page 52
Inflow and outflow hydrographs are shown in graph below:
Page 53
ANNEXURE B1 - Idamalayar Reservoir – Flood Hydrograph - 100 Yr return period
Page 54
ANNEXURE B2 - Idamalayar Reservoir – Flood routing with flood - 100 Yr return period
Flood routing - 100 Yr Flood with impingement level 167 m
I (I1+I2)/2 I*t S1- (O1 *t/2) S2+(O2 *t/2) Elevation Outflow
(hrs) m3/s m3/s Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 m m3/s
1 33 167.00 33
2 39 35.89 0.13 167.00 39
3 56 47.18 0.17 167.00 56
4 88 71.89 0.26 167.00 88
5 149 118.41 0.43 167.00 149
6 224 186.33 0.67 167.00 224
7 290 256.97 0.93 167.00 290
8 364 327.18 1.18 167.00 364
9 456 410.09 1.48 167.00 456
10 580 518.13 1.87 1031.08 1032.94 166.93 542
11 724 652.36 2.35 1030.99 1033.34 166.94 542
12 852 788.14 2.84 1031.39 1034.23 166.97 542
13 925 888.48 3.20 1032.28 1035.48 167.01 542
14 858 891.73 3.21 1033.52 1036.73 167.06 542
15 795 826.96 2.98 1034.78 1037.76 167.09 542
16 772 783.88 2.82 1035.81 1038.63 167.12 542
17 842 807.02 2.91 1036.68 1039.59 167.15 542
18 970 905.80 3.26 1037.63 1040.89 167.20 542
19 1090 1029.92 3.71 1038.94 1042.65 167.26 542
20 1244 1166.80 4.20 1040.70 1044.90 167.33 542
21 1452 1347.93 4.85 1042.95 1047.80 167.43 542
22 1755 1603.50 5.77 1045.85 1051.62 167.56 542
23 2114 1934.26 6.96 1049.67 1056.64 167.73 542
24 2433 2273.60 8.18 1054.68 1062.87 167.94 542
25 2614 2523.63 9.09 1060.92 1070.00 168.18 542
26 2370 2492.08 8.97 1068.05 1077.02 168.42 542
27 2035 2202.79 7.93 1075.07 1083.00 168.62 542
28 1664 1849.47 6.66 1081.05 1087.71 168.78 542
29 1268 1466.02 5.28 1085.76 1091.04 168.89 542
30 957 1112.68 4.01 1089.08 1093.09 168.96 542
31 723 840.00 3.02 1091.14 1094.16 168.99 542
32 542 632.46 2.28 1092.21 1094.49 169.00 542
33 402 471.81 1.70 1092.54 1094.24 169.00 402
34 293 347.33 1.25 1092.79 1094.04 168.99 293
35 208 250.68 0.90 1092.99 1093.89 168.98 208
36 141 174.80 0.63 1093.14 1093.77 168.98 141
Page 55
37 92 116.63 0.42 1093.26 1093.68 168.98 92

38 60 75.89 0.27 1093.35 1093.62 168.98 60
39 44 51.82 0.19 1093.41 1093.59 168.97 44
40 36 39.89 0.14 1093.43 1093.58 168.97 36
41 33 34.49 0.12 1093.45 1093.57 168.97 33
42 33 33.15 0.12 1093.45 1093.57
Inflow and outflow hydrographs are shown in graph below.
Inflow - Outflow
3000
2500 Inflow (m3/sec)
2000 Outflow (m3/sec)

m3/sec
1500
1000
500
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
Time (hrs)
Page 56
ANNEXURE C1 - Kakki Reservoir- Flood Hydrograph - 100 Yr return period
100 year return period flood hydrograph of Kakki Dam

1600
1480
1400
1200 100 year return period

flood hydrograph
Discharge (m3/sec)
1000 m3/sec
800
600
400
200
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
Time (hr)
Page 57
ANNEXURE C2 - Kakki Reservoir- Flood routing with flood - 100 Yr return period
Flood routing - 100 Yr Flood with impingement level 979.50 m
Time I (I1+I2)/2 Iav * t S1- (O1 *t/2) S2+(O2 *t/2) Elevation Outflow
Hrs. m3/s m3/s Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 m m3/s
0 33 979.50 33
1 36 34.43 0.12 979.50 36
2 43 39.23 0.14 979.50 43
3 60 51.18 0.18 979.50 60
4 90 74.83 0.27 979.50 90
5 125 107.62 0.39 979.50 125
6 162 143.71 0.52 979.50 162
7 198 179.89 0.65 979.50 198
8 238 217.70 0.78 979.50 238
9 284 260.72 0.94 979.50 284
10 348 316.03 1.14 979.50 348
11 429 388.64 1.40 422.15 423.55 979.46 360
12 503 466.04 1.68 422.26 423.93 979.48 360
13 547 524.96 1.89 422.64 424.53 979.52 360
14 525 535.58 1.93 423.23 425.16 979.56 360
15 508 516.26 1.86 423.86 425.72 979.59 360
16 525 516.50 1.86 424.43 426.29 979.62 360
17 568 546.48 1.97 424.99 426.96 979.66 360
18 628 597.81 2.15 425.66 427.81 979.72 360
19 691 659.16 2.37 426.52 428.89 979.78 360
20 772 731.34 2.63 427.59 430.23 979.86 360
21 871 821.62 2.96 428.93 431.89 979.96 360
22 1023 947.31 3.41 430.59 434.00 980.09 360
23 1218 1120.92 4.04 432.71 436.74 980.25 360
24 1401 1309.85 4.72 435.45 440.16 980.46 360
25 1480 1440.39 5.19 438.87 444.05 980.69 360
26 1346 1412.96 5.09 442.75 447.84 980.92 360
27 1142 1244.25 4.48 446.55 451.02 981.11 360
28 909 1025.36 3.69 449.73 453.42 981.25 360
29 723 816.04 2.94 452.12 455.06 981.35 360
30 583 653.27 2.35 453.77 456.12 981.41 360
31 473 527.87 1.90 454.82 456.72 981.45 360
32 382 427.47 1.54 455.43 456.96 981.46 360
33 306 344.29 1.24 455.67 456.91 981.46 306
34 240 273.25 0.98 455.81 456.79 981.45 240
35 183 211.73 0.76 455.92 456.69 981.45 183
36 137 159.90 0.58 456.03 456.60 981.44 137
Page 58
37 98 117.42 0.42 456.11 456.53 981.44 98

38 70 84.27 0.30 456.18 456.48 981.43 70
39 50 60.18 0.22 456.23 456.45 981.43 50
40 39 44.63 0.16 456.27 456.43 981.43 39
41 35 36.84 0.13 456.29 456.42 981.43 35
Inflow and outflow are shown in graph below.
Inflow - Outflow
1600
1400
1200
1000
m3/sec
800
Inflow (m3/sec)
600
Outflow(m3/sec)
400
200
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41
Time (hrs)
Page 59
ANNEXURE D1 - Banasurasagar Reservoir - Flood Hydrograph - 100 Year return period
Page 60
ANNEXURE D2 - Banasurasagar Reservoir - Flood routing with flood - 100 Yr return

period
Flood routing - 100 Yr Flood with impingement level 775 m

Time I (I1+I2)/2 I*t S1- (O1 *t/2) S2+(O2 *t/2) Elevation Outflow
hrs m3/s m3/s Mm3 Mm3 Mm3 m m3/s
1 9 775.00 9
2 14 11.38 0.04 775.00 14
3 32 22.77 0.08 775.00 32
4 76 54.13 0.19 775.00 76
5 143 109.73 0.40 201.86 202.26 774.77 111
6 199 170.89 0.62 201.86 202.47 774.78 111
7 257 227.75 0.82 202.07 202.89 774.82 111
8 296 276.59 1.00 202.49 203.49 774.87 111
9 331 313.79 1.13 203.09 204.22 774.93 111
10 379 355.25 1.28 203.82 205.10 774.99 111
11 477 428.30 1.54 204.70 206.24 775.09 111
12 586 531.85 1.91 205.84 207.76 775.23 111
13 668 626.92 2.26 207.36 209.61 775.36 111
14 580 623.87 2.25 209.21 211.46 775.49 111
15 219 399.36 1.44 211.06 212.50 775.57 111
16 149 183.60 0.66 212.10 212.76 775.59 111
17 103 125.80 0.45 212.36 212.81 775.60 111
18 69 85.91 0.31 212.41 212.72 775.59 111
19 45 57.02 0.21 212.32 212.53 775.57 45
20 27 36.35 0.13 212.37 212.50 775.57 27
21 16 21.88 0.08 212.40 212.48 775.57 16
22 11 13.82 0.05 212.42 212.47 775.57 11
23 9 10.29 0.04 212.43 212.46 775.57 9
24 9 9.22 0.03 212.43 212.46 775.57 9
25 9 9.22 0.03 212.43 212.46 775.57 9
Inflow and outflow are shown in graph below.
Page 61
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Rule Curve Major Reservoirs of Ksebl

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6.12 Rule Curve ........................................................................................................................................... 40

Table 6.3.1 - Elevation - Storage – Area Details of Kakki reservoir ...................................................................... 31

RULE LEVELS FOR MAJOR RESERVOIRS OF KSEBL

Variables are calculated as follows:

4. Rule Levels for Idukki reservoir

- Dam top Level is 2415feet (736.09m)

Table 4.3.1 - Elevation - Storage – Area details of Idukki reservoir

Storage capacity Submerged area

2280.00 536.80 22.35

2340.00 1083.29 37.43

4.4 Scheduled release for power generation

Table 4.4.1 - Scheduled Generation for

Total Mu/year 2348.00

4.5 Inflow to Idukki Reservoir in critical years

Fig 4.5.1. Daily inflow series of critical years

4.6 10-Daily inflow series

The inflow series with 90% dependability is tabulated as below;

Table 4.7.1 - 90% dependable 10 daily Inflow series (Cumulative) (Mm3)

90% dependable 90% dependable

June II 19.868 Dec II 6.267

June III 34.752 Dec III 4.845

July I 39.392 Jan I 4.538

July II 55.301 Jan II 3.279

July III 60.552 Jan III 2.521

Aug I 48.222 Feb I 2.349

Aug II 60.186 Feb II 2.272

Aug III 47.725 Feb III 2.492

Sep I 30.419 Mar I 5.290

Sep II 23.269 Mar II 3.799

Sep III 19.452 Mar III 5.724

Oct I 20.21 Apr I 4.138

Oct II 23.774 Apr II 5.751

Oct III 22.317 Apr III 6.055

Nov I 20.729 May I 5.974

Nov II 15.436 May II 6.939

Nov III 12.989 May III 7.863

The inflow series with 50% dependability is tabulated as below;

Table 4.7.2 - 50% dependable 10 daily Inflow

Time Step 50% dependable inflow

June 10th 24.798

June 20th 52.857

June 30th 77.517

July 10th 81.441

July 20th 116.167

July 31st 120.194

Aug 10th 109.833

Aug 20th 94.770

Aug 31st 73.290

Sep 10th 58.465

Sep 20th 51.891

Sep 30th 50.857

Oct 10th 51.257

Oct 20th 54.465

Oct 31st 52.907

Nov 10th 43.123

Nov 20th 32.836

Nov 30th 21.160

4.8 Deriving Rule Levels