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    POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES Lesson 2

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    CJ Etneicap
    This document discusses several major political ideologies including conservatism, liberalism, Marxism, anarchism, libertarianism, and socialism. It provides an overview of some of the key ideas and concepts underlying each ideology, such as a resistance to change for conservatism, individual freedom and equality of opportunity for liberalism, and collective ownership and equality for socialism. Examples of influential thinkers are also mentioned for some ideologies to illustrate their principles in practice.

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    POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES Lesson 2

    Uploaded by

    CJ Etneicap
    427 views1 page
    This document discusses several major political ideologies including conservatism, liberalism, Marxism, anarchism, libertarianism, and socialism. It provides an overview of some of the key ideas and concepts underlying each ideology, such as a resistance to change for conservatism, individual freedom and equality of opportunity for liberalism, and collective ownership and equality for socialism. Examples of influential thinkers are also mentioned for some ideologies to illustrate their principles in practice.

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    This document discusses several major political ideologies including conservatism, liberalism, Marxism, anarchism, libertarianism, and socialism. It provides an overview of some of the key ideas and concepts underlying each ideology, such as a resistance to change for conservatism, individual freedom and equality of opportunity for liberalism, and collective ownership and equality for socialism. Examples of influential thinkers are also mentioned for some ideologies to illustrate their principles in practice.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    427 views1 page

    POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES Lesson 2

    Uploaded by

    CJ Etneicap
    This document discusses several major political ideologies including conservatism, liberalism, Marxism, anarchism, libertarianism, and socialism. It provides an overview of some of the key ideas and concepts underlying each ideology, such as a resistance to change for conservatism, individual freedom and equality of opportunity for liberalism, and collective ownership and equality for socialism. Examples of influential thinkers are also mentioned for some ideologies to illustrate their principles in practice.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 1

    POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES Example: Adam Smith in his Wealth of Nations

    (laissez-faire systems) wherein the government does


    “A STATE IS BETTER GOVERNED WHICH HAS BUT
    not interfere with the market.
    FEW LAWS, AND THOSE LAWS STRICTLY OBSERVED”
    3. MARXISM - is a method of socioeconomic analysis
    – RENE DESCARTES
    that analyzes class relations and social conflict using
    IDEOLOGY a materialist interpretation of historical development
    and a dialectical view of social transformation.
    1. basically defined as political statements or belief
    system that aim to call upon massive mass or Some of the Ideological and Conceptual
    government action to achieve a relatively better Bases of Marxism:
    political and economic condition.
    a. Alienation – this is the relationship between two
    2. is a reasonably coherent structure of thought or more people or parts of oneself in which one is
    shared by a group of people. It is a means of cut off from, a stranger or alien, the others.
    explaining how society works and explaining how it
    ought to work. b. Class Struggle – it the struggle between two
    classes: the bourgeoisie (the capitalist/rich/middle
    class) and the proletariat (workers/poor class).
    SOME POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES AND THEIR IMPACT
    ON POLITICAL COMMUNITIES: - the bourgeoisie oppresses and
    exploits the proletariat not only through unfair
    1. CONSERVATISM – focused on conserving compensation labor but also setting up laws and
    something. standards, and controlling the system or the state to
    - it is characterized by a resistant to change, maintain its social status.
    adherent to limited human freedom as it chooses to c. Materialism – people think is greatly affected by
    maintain traditional values, it distrust human how you live.
    reasoning.
    d. Revolution – in which the proletariat will topple
    Key ideas down the elite class and all the systems they have
    • Importance of tradition made. It is good and inevitable process that will
    • Gradual social change eventually lead to classless ideal society in the form
    • Human beings are imperfect and flawed of communism.
    • State’s role is to maintain order
    4. ANARCHISM - based on voluntary cooperation
    and not on power relation and it is living a peaceful
    Example: Edmund Burke in his work Reflections on
    life without coercion from anyone.
    the French Revolution argued that institutions
    evolved over time to fit the need of society, thus Example: Alexander Berkman argued that a life
    “tampering with tradition is likely to bring grief without compulsion naturally means liberty, it
    rather than improvement. means freedom from being forced or coerced, a
    chance to lead the life that suits you best.
    2. LIBERALISM – is the opposite of conservatism for
    it favors change, prefers more freedom, and has a 5. LIBERTARIANISM – it involved the government in
    more optimistic approach to human reasoning and a minimal role such as ensuring the safety of
    nature. everyone and fairness in whatever contracts or
    dealings.
    - Liberalism has influenced a variety of movements
    concerned with equal rights for all citizens. 6. SOCIALISM - a political and economic theory of
    social organization which advocates that the means
    Key ideas of production, distribution, and exchange should be
    • Individual freedom owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
    • Equality of opportunity
    Key ideas
    • Government by consent
    • State’s role is to safeguard freedom of the • Collectivism
    individual • Equality
    Types of liberalism • Opposed to capitalism
    • Human beings are capable of self-fulfillment if
    • Classical liberalism
    given the opportunity by society
    • Progressive liberalism
    • Neo-liberalism
    OTHER POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES: FEMINISM,
    ENVIRONMENTALISM, FASCISM.

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