STUDENT WORKSHEET

Trigonometric Formula for The Sum and The Difference Between

Two Angles

Subject : Mathematics
Grade : XI Science
Learning Objectives :
1. Students are able to determine the cosine formula of the sum and difference of two angles.
2. Students are able to determine the sine formula of the sum and difference of two angles.
3. Students are able to determine the tangent formula of the sum and difference of two angles.

A. Instructions
- Read each steps before you do the worksheet. Group:
- Follow the steps in chronological order. 1
2
- If you find difficult vocabulary, look up on Glossaries. 3
- If you have trouble, you can ask your teacher. 4
B. Activity I
Determine the cosine formula of the sum and difference of two angles
Look at this picture!

1. A circle in the picture above has an origin O and radius r = 1 unit.

Suppose that
∠𝐴𝑂𝐵 = 𝛼°
∠𝐵𝑂𝐶 = 𝛽°
∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = 𝛼° + 𝛽°
∠𝐴𝑂𝐷 = −𝛽°
Complete the following table
Polar Coordinate Cartesian Coordinate
A(1,0)
B(1, 𝛼)
C(1, 𝛼 + 𝛽)
D(1,−𝛽)

Hint : The polar coordinate P(r,a) is able to be stated as Cartesian

coordinate of P(x,y)=P(rcos a, rsin a)

1 Trigonometric Formula for The Sum and The Difference Between Two Angles
 2. By using the distance formula between two points, determine 𝐴𝐶 2 and 𝐷𝐵2 .
𝐴𝐶 2 = (𝑥𝐶 − 𝑥𝐴 )2 + (𝑦𝐶 − 𝑦𝐴 )2

= ⋯ + ⋯

= ⋯

= …

= ⋯

= ⋯

Remember : 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝛼 = 1

Then,
𝐷𝐵2 = (𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐷 )2 + (𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐷 )2

= ⋯ + ⋯

= ⋯

= ⋯

= ⋯

= ⋯

Remember : 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝛼 = 1

3. Look at ⊿𝑂𝐶𝐴 and ⊿𝑂𝐵𝐷. Since 𝑂𝐶 = 𝑂𝐵, 𝑂𝐷 = 𝑂𝐴, ∠𝐴𝑂𝐶 = ∠𝐷𝑂𝐵 then,
⊿𝑂𝐶𝐴 is congruent to ⊿𝑂𝐵𝐷, thus 𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐵.
By information above, please complete the equation below.
𝐴𝐶 = 𝐷𝐵
…2 = …2

… = …

… = …

… = …

4. Let we replace (𝛼 + 𝛽) with (𝛼 − 𝛽) so the equation at point 3 above will be:

cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠(… + … )
= ⋯
= ⋯

Remember:
 cos (–α) = cos α
 sin (–α) = - sin α

2 Trigonometric Formula for The Sum and The Difference Between Two Angles
C. Activity II
Determine the sine formula of the sum and difference of two angles
1. Remember the formula of two complement angles

Remember:
 cos (900–α) = sin α
 sin (900–α) = cos α

sin (𝛼 + 𝛽) = cos (… . . −. … … … . )
= cos (… . . − ⋯ … … )
= ..............................
= ..............................
2. Let we replace (𝛼 + 𝛽) with (𝛼 − 𝛽) so the equation at point 5 above will be:
𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (… + … )
= ⋯
= ⋯
D. Activity III
Determine the tangent formula of the sum and difference of two angles
sin α
1. Remember that tan α =
cos α
…………
tan (α + β) =
…………

…………
=
…………

… … … … …. Divide the numerator and

=
………… denominator with cos 𝛼 cos 𝛽

…………
=
…………

…………
=
…………

2. Let we replace (𝛼 + 𝛽) with (𝛼 − 𝛽) so the equation at point 7 above will be:

𝑡𝑎𝑛 (𝛼 − 𝛽) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (… + … )
……… ……
= ……………
……… ……
=
……………

3 Trigonometric Formula for The Sum and The Difference Between Two Angles
 E. Glossaries
Vocabulary Meaning
Replace Ganti
Complement Angle Sudut yang saling berkomplemen
Compound Angle Formula Rumus jumlah dan selisih dua sudut
Denominator Penyebut
Divide Bagi
Equation Persamaan
Numerator Pembilang
Prove Buktikan

Conslusion :

𝑠𝑖𝑛 (α + β) =

𝑠𝑖𝑛 (α − β) =

𝑐𝑜𝑠 (α + β) =

𝑐𝑜𝑠 (α − β) =

𝑡𝑎𝑛 (α + β) =

𝑡𝑎𝑛 (α − β) =

4 Trigonometric Formula for The Sum and The Difference Between Two Angles