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Low Flow Analysis

This document discusses methods for determining the 7Q10, which is the minimum 7-day average flow with a 10-year recurrence interval. It provides a table of 7Q values from 1950-1979 with their corresponding probabilities and recurrence intervals. To find the 7Q10, it uses interpolation between the values closest to a 10-year recurrence. It also describes two methods for calculating the 7Q for a given year: either taking the minimum 7-day consecutive flow, or calculating 7-day running averages if no 7 consecutive days exist.

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89 views2 pages

Low Flow Analysis

This document discusses methods for determining the 7Q10, which is the minimum 7-day average flow with a 10-year recurrence interval. It provides a table of 7Q values from 1950-1979 with their corresponding probabilities and recurrence intervals. To find the 7Q10, it uses interpolation between the values closest to a 10-year recurrence. It also describes two methods for calculating the 7Q for a given year: either taking the minimum 7-day consecutive flow, or calculating 7-day running averages if no 7 consecutive days exist.

Uploaded by

safiraapm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Anadolu University, Environmental Engineering Department

ÇEV 445 Environmental Modeling

DETERMINATION OF 7Q10
The following minimum 7-day flows (7Q) in m3/s have been found for the years 1950 through
1979 (N=30, number of records)

Years 7Q Years 7Q Years 7Q Years 7Q Years 7Q Years 7Q


1950 134 1955 126 1960 2 1965 192 1970 3 1975 178
1951 33 1956 64 1961 111 1966 68 1971 122 1976 22
1952 99 1957 162 1962 190 1967 127 1972 198 1977 100
1953 151 1958 35 1963 112 1968 66 1973 49 1978 102
1954 77 1959 121 1964 178 1969 162 1974 137 1979 35

These flows are sorted from the smallest to the largest


Rank (m) 7Q p= T=1/p In the first column we assign ranks (from 1 to N) to the
3
( m /s) 100*m/(N+1) (years)
1 2 3.225806 31 flows in ascending order. In the third column we calculate
2 3 6.451613 15.5
3 22 9.677419 10.33333 the cumulative probability of occurrence from
4 33 12.90323 7.75
5 35 16.12903 6.2
6 35 19.35484 5.166667 ∗ 100
7 49 22.58065 4.428571
1
8 64 25.80645 3.875
9 66 29.03226 3.444444 In the last column we calculate the recurrence interval
10 68 32.25806 3.1
11 77 35.48387 2.818182
from
12 99 38.70968 2.583333
13 100 41.93548 2.384615 100
14 102 45.16129 2.214286
15 111 48.3871 2.066667
16 112 51.6129 1.9375
17 121 54.83871 1.823529 The 7Q with a 10 year return period is the flow with T
18 122 58.06452 1.722222
19 126 61.29032 1.631579 equal to 10 years. In the table, it is between 22 and 33 in
20 127 64.51613 1.55
21 134 67.74194 1.47619
the flow column. To find the exact value we use
22 137 70.96774 1.409091 interpolation (remember Newton’s divided difference
23 151 74.19355 1.347826
24 162 77.41935 1.291667 interpolating polynomials)
25 162 80.64516 1.24
26 178 83.87097 1.192308 10 10.333
27 178 87.09677 1.148148 7 10 22 33 22 ∗ 23.4 /
28 190 90.32258 1.107143 7.75 10.333
29 192 93.54839 1.068966
30 198 96.77419 1.033333

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Anadolu University, Environmental Engineering Department
ÇEV 445 Environmental Modeling

Calculation of a particular 7Q:

7Q for a year is found from daily flows recorded in a year. There are two cases to be considered.

1). Consider the flow records in July for a stream (arbitrary units)
Days 12 11 11 10 9 9 9 9 8 9
1-10
Days 9 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9
11-20
Days 9 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 11 9
21 - 30
31 July 8

Between day 12 and 19 there are 8 days which show consecutively (at least for 7 days) the
lowest values. For this particular year (we know that in the other months the flows are higher)
7Q is 8.

2). At least 7 days of consecutive low flows may not be found. Then 7 day running averages are
computed. Consider the following values.
Days 12 11 11 10 9 9 9 9 8 9
1-10
Days 9 8 8 7 7 8 8 8 8 9
11-20
Days 9 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 11 9
21 - 30
31 July 8

The running averages are


Days
1-10 10.1 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.9 8.7 8.6
Days
11-20 8.3 8.0 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.9 8.1 8.3 8.3
Days
21 - 30 8.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.9 9.0 9.0
31 July

The minimum of the running averages is 7Q which in our example is 7.7

(prepared by Prof. Dr. Erdem Ahmet Albek, adapted from the book “Surface Water Quality Modeling” by Steven C. Chapra)

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