AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT: To study the molecular absorption and emission spectra of 1,4 -

diaminoanthraquinone with different molar concentrations and to find the concentration of unknown.

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

1,4-diaminoanthraquinon (2.85 millimolar solution)

Chloroform (solvent)

Absorption spectrometer

Emission spectrometer

OBSERVATION:

Molecular absorption spectrometer:

0.40 X = 544.54, Y = 0.387

0.35
X = 583.05, Y = 0.331
0.30

0.25
absorbance

0.20

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00

-0.05
400 500 600 700 800
wavelength

Fig. (1.1)
 wavelength
0.4
X = 544.97, Y = 0.356

X = 581.51, Y = 0.308
0.3
absorbance

0.2

0.1

0.0

400 600 800

Fig. (1.2)

The above figure 1.1 and 1.2 shows the absorption spectra of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinon of
concentration 70 and 90 micro molar per litre respectively. The peak at 543 nm comes for -
bonding and the second peak at higher wavelength 581 nm comes for n- bonding.

Molecular emission spectrometer: -The same material (1,4-diamonoanthraquinon) is used for the
emission spectrum experiment with 70 molar and 90 molar concentrations, which were used for
the absorption spectra.

intensity
600

X = 610.94, Y = 470.88

400
intensity

200

500 600 700 800

Fig :(2.1)
 B

400 X = 611.84, Y = 397.47

300
intensity

200

100

550 600 650 700 750

Fig. (2.2)

The above figure 2.1 and 2.2 shows the emission spectra of 1,4-diaminoanthraquinon of concentration
70 and 90 micro molar per litre respectively. The peak at 610 nm comes for - bonding and the
second insignificant peak at higher wavelength 611 nm comes for n- bonding

Absorption spectroscopy of unknown concentration Solution: --

wavelength

0.4 X = 544.97, Y = 0.384

X = 583.50, Y = 0.331
absorbance

0.2

0.0

400 600 800

As we know, the absorption intensity and also the absorptance goes linearly with the concentration
of the solution. Because the number of photons that the material absorbs, that depends how much
particles present in the solution in unit volume. We can calculate the density of the unknown solution
by plotting graph in between absorptance at the first peak which falls around 544 nm for three
solutions.

The value of absorptance of solution of concentration 70 µmol. is 0.387, for 90 µmol. is 0.356 and for
the solution of unknown concentration is 0.384.

From table of the absorption of three solutions we plot the graph in between the concentration vs
the absorptance at the first peak from the concept that absorptance vary linearly with concentration,
the concentration of the unknown solution is found to be 80.41µmol.

absorbance

1.2

0.8
absorbance

X = 80.41 (X = 90, Y = 0.351)

0.0
0 80 160 240
concentration

RESULTS:

1.What are the differences between atomic and molecular spectra?

Ans: Atomic spectra are the transitions of electrons between electronic energy levels in isolated
atoms. They are affected by interactions of the transitioning electrons with the nuclei spins and with
the other electron in the atom.

Molecular spectra - involve transitions in molecules with two or more atoms [either the same or
different]. Since the valence electrons are now in different orbitals from the atomic orbitals and the
orbital structure has changed the electronic transitions are different. However, inner electron
transitions [ X-ray spectroscopy] remain the same as the atomic spectra. Molecular spectra have
additional modes, rotational and vibrational that are a function of the molecular structure.

2.What information do you get from x-axis of absorption spectra?

Ans-In absorption spectra our X axis have wavelength. So, one can calculate energy band gap, knowing
band gap (Eg), one can calculate α, the optical absorption coefficient as:

α = (h. ν -Eg) ^1/2. If thickness of the material is given, one can calculate A, the absorbance.
3.What information do you get from y-axis of the absorption spectra?

Ans-In absorption spectra our Y axis have absorbance. It is used to measure the amount of light that
passes through a sample material and by comparison to the initial intensity of light reaching the
sample, they indirectly measure the amount of light absorbed by that sample.

4.Why is measurement done in solution?

Ans- The concentration is related to the absorption constant via the absorbance
coefficient. Absorbance measurements can take many forms: for instance, it can identify fingerprint
substances or measures the concentration of a molecule in solution. The method works for gases as
well as for liquids to analyse consumer products. It is also used in many as industrial applications as
well. Very high spectral resolution is less important than a very good wavelength accuracy and high
dynamic resolution.

5.What information can be extracted from emission spectra?

Ans- In PL emission spectra, the x axis belongs to wavelength (nm) and y-axis belongs to intensity (cps).
The intensity shown in our spectra is quite low compare to normal PL spectra and it is showing signal
value instead of intensity. The excitation wavelength should be your lambda max getting from UV-Vis
spectra. In case of solution, slit width should be less, say 2 nm and if it is a film one should increase it
to 5-7 nm depends on quality of spectra.

DISCUSSION:

The molecular energy levels can be categorized into three (Electronic, Vibrational and rotational). In
between these three types of energy levels, the energy gap is highest for electronic levels, then
vibrational levels and the least gap is for the rotational energy gaps. The electronic energy levels are
the most stable states and in between two electronic energy levels there falls a no. of vibrational levels
and in between vibrational levels, a lot of rotational levels.

PRECAUTIONS:

1. All chemicals should be used carefully and wear gloves always in the lab.

2. Shoes must be worn in lab.

3. Avoid any kind of impurity in the sample.

4. Don’t smell chloroform or any other solvent.

5.Wear lab coat in the chemistry lab and wear full pants and shoe.
 LAB REPORT
Emission and Absorption spectroscopy

Course: - PH 614P

(Experimental Research Techniques)

Submitted by: - Sardar Dilbag Singh Khalsa (v18068)

Submitted to: - Dr. Suman Kalyan pal

Course coordinator: - Dr. C.S. Yadav

Content

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT:

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

Molecular absorption spectrometer:

Absorption spectroscopy of unknown concentration Solution:

RESULTS: