Ch 12-Brooker Biology-Gene Expression at the Molecular

Level
Study online at quizlet.com/_462034

1. The addition of an amino acid to a tRNA D) tRNA 5. The functional product of a structural gene is D) a
molecule is catalyzed by a(n) ________, and is synthetase; polypeptide.
driven by ________. ATP A) tRNA.
B) mRNA.
A) peptidyl transferase; ATP Refer to C) rRNA.
B) aminoacyl tRNA synthetase; GTP aminoacyl page 253 D) a polypeptide.
C) peptidyl transferase; GTP E) a,b, and c.
D) tRNA synthetase; ATP
6. The genetic code is both ________ and ________. D) universal;
E) aminoacyl tRNA synthetase; hydrolysis of
degenerate
the amino acid from a polypeptide chain.
A) conservative; dispersive
2. Choose the correct sequence of events during D) III VI II B) ambiguous; degenerate Refer to
the termination stage of a polypeptide? C) degenerate; quadruplicate page 248
Refer to D) universal; degenerate
I. Peptidyl transfer reaction in P site page 258 E) universal; ambiguous
II. Disassociation of ribosome, mRNA and
7. In bacteria, proteins called ________ recognize E) sigma
release factor
the sequence of bases in a promoter; in factors;
III. Release factor binds to A site
eukaryotes, proteins called ________ serve this transcription
complementary to stop codon
function. factors
IV. tRNA enters A site complementary to
A) transcription factors; sigma factors
mRNA sequence
B) initiation factors; elongation factors Refer to
V. tRNA released through exit site
C) transcription factors; initiation factors pages 244
VI. Polypeptide released from ribosome
D) sigma factors; snRNPs and 245
E) sigma factors; transcription factors
A) III IV V
B) I II IV 8. The __________ is the site where the translation C)
C) VI III II process takes place. ribosome.
D) III VI II
E) IV VI I A) mitochondria.
B) nucleus.
3. During eukaryotic RNA processing, the B) introns.
C) ribosome.
nontranslated sequences that are removed are
D) lysosome.
called
E) ribozyme.

A) exons. 9. The last amino acid added in a polypeptide D) C

B) introns. chain is said to be at the ________ of the terminus
C) promoters. protein.
D) codons. Refer to
E) ribozymes. A) 5' end page 249
B) 3' end
4. During the initiation step of translation, the D) AUG, P
C) N terminus
first codon, _______ will enter the _________ and site
D) C terminus
associate with the initiator tRNA.
E) 60S side

A) UAG, A site
B) AUG, A site
C) UAG, P site
D) AUG, P site
E) AUG, E site
10. Match the type of RNA on the left with the E) i = c; ii = 15. An RNA molecule that has catalytic activity is D)
specific function on the right. a; iii = b most accurately referred to as a(n) ribozyme.

I tRNA A. Carries polypeptide sequence Refer to A) RNase. Refer to

according to genetic code page 252 B) enzyme. page 246
II mRNA B. Essential component in ribosome C) spliceosome.
construction and function D) ribozyme.
III rRNA C. Carries amino acids to growing E) ribosome.
polypeptide according to genetic code
16. The small subunit of a ribosome is composed E) many
A) i = b; ii = c; iii = a
of proteins
B) i = a; ii = b; iii = c
and one
C) i = c; ii = b; iii = a
A) a protein. rRNA
D) i = b; ii = a; iii = c
B) an rRNA molecule. molecule.
E) i = c; ii = a; iii = b
C) many proteins.
11. The movement of the polypeptide from the D) D) many rRNA molecules.
tRNA in the P site to tRNA in the A site is peptidyl E) many proteins and one rRNA molecule.
referred to as transfer
17. The synthesis of a polypeptide occurs during B)
reaction
which stage of translation? elongation
A) peptide bonding.
B) aminoacyl binding.
A) initiation
C) translation.
B) elongation
D) peptidyl transfer reaction
C) termination
E) elongation
D) splicing
12. An organized unit of DNA sequences that A) gene.
18. Transcription of a gene begins at a site on D) a
enables a segment of DNA to be transcribed
DNA called ___________ and ends at a site on promoter,
into RNA and ultimately results in the refer to
DNA known as ___________. the
formation of a biologically functional product page 243
terminator.
is most accurately referred to as a(n)
A) an initiation codon, the termination codon.
B) a promoter, the termination codon.
A) gene.
C) an initiation codon, the terminator.
B) chromosome.
D) a promoter, the terminator.
C) enzyme.
E) an initiator, the terminator.
D) genome.
E) snRNP. 19. True or False: mRNA must be processed in the A) True
nucleus prior to transcription of a protein in
13. The region of the tRNA that is complementary D) the
eukaryotes.
to a codon in mRNA is anticodon.
A) True
A) the acceptor stem.
B) False
B) the codon.
C) the peptidyl site. 20. True or False: Ribosomes are composed of A) True
D) the anticodon. protein subunits and ribosomal RNA?
E) the adaptor loop. Feedback:
A) True Refer to
14. The relationship between the bases in a B) the
B) False table 12.2
messenger RNA molecule and the sequence genetic
of amino acids in a polypeptide is specified by code. 21. True or False: Structural genes result in A) True
polypeptides of a specific sequence that carry
A) a ribosome. Refer to out a specific function for the organisms in Refer to
B) the genetic code. page 248 addition to RNA molecules with specific page 243
C) codons. functions.
D) RNA polymerases.
E) DNA polymerases. A) True
B) False
22. True or False: Synthesis of an mRNA A) True 27. Which of the following best B) During transcription,
strand begins at the promoter in a 5' to represents the central dogma of DNA codes for mRNA,
3' direction while the template strand of Refer to page gene expression? which codes for
DNA is read in the 3' to 5' direction. 245 polypeptides during
A) During transcription, DNA translation.
A) True codes for polypeptides.
B) False B) During transcription, DNA
codes for mRNA, which codes for
23. True or False: The attachment of amino A) True
polypeptides during translation.
acids to tRNA molecules is catalyzed by
C) During translation, DNA codes
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. Refer to page
for mRNA, which codes for
253
polypeptides during transcription.
A) True
D) none of the above.
B) False
28. Which of the following codons D) UUC
24. True or False: The tRNA that is A) True
does not specify Leucine (Leu)?
complementary base paired to the initial
Refer to Table 12.1
start codon is required for full ribosome Refer to page
A) UUG
assemble of the small and large 257
B) CUA
subunits.
C) CUG
D) UUC
A) True
E) CUC
B) False
29. Which of the following does not B) Pre-mRNA
25. Which of the following accurately E) DNA is
play a role in transcription in processing
represents the Central Dogma of transcribed into
prokaryotes?
molecular biology? RNA, which is
Refer to page 244
then translated
A) Sigma factor
A) DNA is translated into protein, which into protein.
B) Pre-mRNA processing
is then transcribed into RNA.
C) Formation of open complex
B) RNA is transcribed into DNA, which is Refer to page
D) Termination sequence
then translated into protein. 242
E) Regulatory sequence
C) DNA is translated directly into
protein. 30. Which of the following is/are not C) Some enzymes are
D) RNA is translated into protein, which modifications to Beadle and lipid molecules, which
is then transcribed into DNA. Tatum's one gene one enzyme are not coded for by
E) DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is hypothesis? genes.
then translated into protein.
A) Proteins that are not biological Refer to page 242
26. Which of the following applies to both D) Initiation,
catalysts are also coded for by
transcription and translation? elongations and
genes.
termination
B) Genes encode individual
A) Promoter and terminator
polypeptide chains, but some
B) Initiation complex and open complex Refer to pages
functional proteins are composed
C) Activation, regulation and termination 244 and 256
of more than one polypeptide
D) Initiation, elongations and termination
chain.
E) Activation, processing and
C) Some enzymes are lipid
termination
molecules, which are not coded
for by genes.
D) Some genes encode RNA
molecules
E) None of these choices are
modifications to the one gene,
one enzyme hypothesis.
31. Which of the following molecules is not directly involved in the synthesis of a polypeptide chain? E) DNA

A) mRNA Refer to Table 12.2

B) ribosomal proteins
C) tRNA
D) rRNA
E) DNA
32. Which one of the following events is not part of the maturation of a eukaryotic mRNA? E) Attachment to ribosome

A) Poly-A tail addition Refer to pages 246 and

B) 5' cap addition 247
C) Intron removal and splicing of exons
D) Binding of snRNP subunits
E) Attachment to ribosome
33. Which one of the following rRNA molecules would not be found in a cytosolic eukaryotic C) 16S
ribosome?
Refer to page 254
A) 60S
B) 5S
C) 16S
D) 18S
E) 28S