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Lesson Summary: CXC Csec Mathematics Lesson UNIT Eight: Functions and Relations

This lesson summary discusses functions and relations. It defines a relation as a set of ordered pairs where the first elements form the domain and second elements form the range. Relations can be represented using arrow diagrams. A function is a special type of relation where each domain element maps to only one range element. The graph of a function only intersects a vertical line at one point, whereas a relation's graph can intersect at multiple points. Functions can take various forms like linear, quadratic, and rational. Evaluating a function involves substituting domain values into the function rule. Activities practice identifying functions from diagrams, representing relations as diagrams, and evaluating example functions.

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377 views

Lesson Summary: CXC Csec Mathematics Lesson UNIT Eight: Functions and Relations

This lesson summary discusses functions and relations. It defines a relation as a set of ordered pairs where the first elements form the domain and second elements form the range. Relations can be represented using arrow diagrams. A function is a special type of relation where each domain element maps to only one range element. The graph of a function only intersects a vertical line at one point, whereas a relation's graph can intersect at multiple points. Functions can take various forms like linear, quadratic, and rational. Evaluating a function involves substituting domain values into the function rule. Activities practice identifying functions from diagrams, representing relations as diagrams, and evaluating example functions.

Uploaded by

Andrea Beharry
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LESSON SUMMARY

CXC CSEC MATHEMATICS Lesson

UNIT Eight:
Functions and Relations
15
Working with Functions and Relations
Textbook: Mathematics, A Complete Course by Raymond Toolsie, Volume 1

(Some helpful exercises and page numbers are given throughout the lesson, e.g. Ex 7i page 312)

INTRODUCTION

The ability to work with functions and relations will assist the students in making sense
of a number of mathematical manipulations. In this lesson we will also distinguish
between a function and a relation.

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this lesson you will be able to:

a) Define a relation
b) Use arrow diagrams to show relations
c) Define a function
d) Distinguish between the graph of a relation and the graph of a function

1 NOSTT CXC CSEC Mathematics Lesson Summary: Unit 8: Lesson 15


8.1 Definition of a relation, function, mapping

Relations

A relation is a set of ordered pairs. For example: (1, a), (2, b), (3, c). The set of first
elements is called the domain: {1, 2, 3} and the set of second elements is called the
range: {a, b, c}.

Arrow or Mapping Diagrams

Relations can be represented on arrow diagrams.

Example:

1 a

2 b

3 c

Types of relations

The three main types of relations are shown in the following arrow diagrams.

1 1 -2 -1

2 4 1 -1 0 0

3 9 4 1 1 1

2
one-to-one one-to-many many-to-one

Functions

A function is a one-to-one or many-to-one relation. Therefore the first and third arrow
diagrams directly above represent functions. Each element in the domain must be
mapped onto one and only one element in the range. The diagram in the middle is not a
function because an element in the domain cannot be mapped on to two elements in
the range.

2 NOSTT CXC CSEC Mathematics Lesson Summary: Unit 8: Lesson 15


ACTIVITY 1

1. Which of the following arrow diagrams represent a function?

1 a
2 7
2 b 5
3 5 6
3 6

2. Represent the following relation on an arrow diagram:

(0,0), (1,3), (2,3), (3, 81), (1,4).

8.2 Distinguishing between a function and a relation

You can distinguish between a function and a relation from their graphs by drawing a
vertical line anywhere on the graph. If the line touches the graph at more than one point
then it is not a function. However the graph is still a relation.

y
y

x x

3 NOSTT CXC CSEC Mathematics Lesson Summary: Unit 8: Lesson 15


The first graph represents a function. Anywhere you draw a vertical line it will only touch
the graph once. The second graph is not a function. The vertical line touches the graph
at two points. This means one element in the domain (x-axis) has two images in the
range (y-axis).

ACTIVITY 2

Determine if the following graph represents a function.

8.3 Forms of Functions and Relations

Functions can be linear, quadratic, rational etc.

Linear Functions

Example: or .

This means that some value in the domain is mapped onto , where is
an element in the range. The graph of a linear function is a straight line.

4 NOSTT CXC CSEC Mathematics Lesson Summary: Unit 8: Lesson 15


Quadratic Functions

The highest power of is 2.

Example: .

The graph of a quadratic function is a parabola:

or

Rational Functions

Example: .

These functions are not defined for any value of that makes the denominator zero.
Therefore the above function has no value when .
Evaluating Functions

The functions can be evaluated by substituting values for and working out what
will be using the rule.

Example: Given , what number in the image set is 2 mapped to.

Solution:

5 NOSTT CXC CSEC Mathematics Lesson Summary: Unit 8: Lesson 15


Therefore .

ACTIVITY 3

The function is defined by where .

Do you agree that

State the value of each of the following:


(a) (b) (c) (Ex 7i page 312)

ASSESSMENT

CXC Question

Given that

(a) Calculate g(2).

(b) State the value of for which g(x) is not defined.

Conclusion

Functions and relations where defined in this lesson. We also looked at evaluating
functions. In the lesson that follows we will look at composition of functions.

6 NOSTT CXC CSEC Mathematics Lesson Summary: Unit 8: Lesson 15


7 NOSTT CXC CSEC Mathematics Lesson Summary: Unit 8: Lesson 15

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