AP RCET 2019

SYLLABUS

SUBJECT : PHYSICAL SCIENCES Code No. :55

Part-B will cover 90 Objective Type Questions (Multiple Choice, Matching type, True/False,
Assertion – Reasoning type) carrying 90 marks of 90 minutes duration. Each question carries
1 mark

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics

Dimensional analysis. Vector algebra and vector calculus. Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley-Hamilton
Theorem. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Linear ordinary differential equations of first & second
order, Special functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre functions). Fourier series, Fourier
and Laplace transforms. Elements of complex analysis, analytic functions; Taylor & Laurent series;
poles, residues and evaluation of integrals. Elementary probability theory, random variables,
binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Central limit theorem.

II. Classical Mechanics

Newton’s laws. Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Central force motions.
Two body Collisions - scattering in laboratory and Centre of mass frames. Rigid body
dynamicsmoment of inertia tensor. Non-inertial frames and pseudoforces. Variational principle.
Generalized coordinates. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism and equations of motion.
Conservation laws and cyclic coordinates. Periodic motion: small oscillations, normal modes. Special
theory of relativityLorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass–energy equivalence.

III. Electromagnetic Theory

Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value
problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem. Electromagnetic induction. Maxwell's
equations in free space and linear isotropic media; boundary conditions on the fields at interfaces.
Scalar and vector potentials, gauge invariance. Electromagnetic waves in free space. Dielectrics and
conductors. Reflection and refraction, polarization, Fresnel’s law, interference, coherence, and
diffraction. Dynamics of charged particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields.

IV. Quantum Mechanics

Wave-particle duality. Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time-independent). Eigenvalue

problems (particle in a box, harmonic oscillator, etc.). Tunneling through a barrier. Wave-function in
coordinate and momentum representations. Commutators and Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
Dirac notation for state vectors. Motion in a central potential: orbital angular momentum, angular
momentum algebra, spin, addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen atom. Stern-Gerlach experiment.
Timeindependent perturbation theory and applications. Variational method. Time dependent
perturbation theory and Fermi's golden rule, selection rules. Identical particles, Pauli exclusion
principle, spin-statistics connection.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics

Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences. Thermodynamic potentials, Maxwell relations,

chemical potential, phase equilibria. Phase space, micro- and macro-states. Micro-canonical,
canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition functions. Free energy and its connection
with thermodynamic quantities. Classical and quantum statistics. Ideal Bose and Fermi gases.
Principle of detailed balance. Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law.

VI. Electronics and Experimental Methods

Semiconductor devices (diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect devices, homo- and heterojunction
devices), device structure, device characteristics, frequency dependence and applications. Opto-
lectronic devices (solar cells, photo-detectors, LEDs). Operational amplifiers and their applications.
Digital techniques and applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits). A/D and
D/A converters. Microprocessor and microcontroller basics.

Data interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of errors. Least
squares fitting,
ADVANCED

I. Mathematical Methods of Physics Green’s function

Partial differential equations (Laplace, wave and heat equations in two and three dimensions).
Elements of computational techniques: root of functions, interpolation, extrapolation, integration by
trapezoid and Simpson’s rule, Solution of first order differential equation using RungeKutta method.
Finite difference methods. Tensors. Introductory group theory: SU(2), O(3).

II. Classical Mechanics

Dynamical systems, Phase space dynamics, stability analysis. Poisson brackets and canonical
transformations. Symmetry, invariance and Noether’s theorem. Hamilton-Jacobi theory.

III. Electromagnetic Theory

Dispersion relations in plasma. Lorentz invariance of Maxwell’s equation. Transmission lines and
wave guides. Radiation- from moving charges and dipoles and retarded potentials.

IV. Quantum Mechanics

Spin-orbit coupling, fine structure. WKB approximation. Elementary theory of scattering: phase
shifts, partial waves, Born approximation. Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein-Gordon and Dirac
equations. Semi-classical theory of radiation.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics

First- and second-order phase transitions. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. Ising
model. Bose-Einstein condensation. Diffusion equation. Random walk and Brownian motion.
Introduction to nonequilibrium processes.

VI. Electronics and Experimental Methods

Linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test. Transducers (temperature, pressure/vacuum,
magnetic fields, vibration, optical, and particle detectors). Measurement and control. Signal
conditioning and recovery. Impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based, instrumentation
amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding. Fourier transforms, lock-in
detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques.

High frequency devices (including generators and detectors).

VII. Atomic & Molecular Physics

Quantum states of an electron in an atom. Electron spin. Spectrum of helium and alkali atom.
Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen atom, hyperfine structure and isotopic shift,
width of spectrum lines, LS & JJ couplings. Zeeman, Paschen-Bach & Stark effects. Electron spin
resonance. Nuclear magnetic resonance, chemical shift. Frank-Condon principle. Born-
Oppenheimer
approximation. Electronic, rotational, vibrational and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules,
selection rules. Lasers: spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B coefficients. Optical
pumping, population inversion, rate equation. Modes of resonators and coherence length.

VIII. Condensed Matter Physics

Bravais lattices. Reciprocal lattice. Diffraction and the structure factor. Bonding of solids. Elastic
properties, phonons, lattice specific heat. Free electron theory and electronic specific heat.
Response and relaxation phenomena. Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall effect
and thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, band theory of solids: metals,
insulators and semiconductors. Superconductivity: type-I and type-II superconductors. Josephson
junctions. Superfluidity. Defects and dislocations. Ordered phases of matter: translational and
orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order. Quasi crystals.

IX. Nuclear and Particle Physics

Basic nuclear properties: size, shape and charge distribution, spin and parity. Binding energy,
semiempirical mass formula, liquid drop model. Nature of the nuclear force, form of nucleonnucleon
potential, charge-independence and charge-symmetry of nuclear forces. Deuteron problem.
Evidence of shell structure, single-particle shell model, its validity and limitations. Rotational spectra.
Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules. Fission and fusion.
Nuclear reactions, reaction mechanism, compound nuclei and direct reactions. Classification of
fundamental forces. Elementary particles and their quantum numbers (charge, spin, parity, isospin,
strangeness, etc.). Gellmann-Nishijima formula. Quark model, baryons and mesons. C, P, and T
invariance. Application of symmetry arguments to particle reactions. Parity non-conservation in
weak interaction. Relativistic kinematics.