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CH 6 - Two-Port Network PDF

The document describes a two-port network (TPN) model which contains four variables - input voltage (V1), input current (I1), output voltage (V2), and output current (I2). The network within the box is known as the TPN and must be linear, containing only linear elements. There are no connections between the input and output ports. Current entering at one port must equal current leaving that port. The TPN does not contain independent sources but may contain dependent sources if their controlling parameters are within the TPN. TPN parameters can be represented using admittance parameters (y-parameters), impedance parameters (z-parameters), or hybrid parameters (h-parameters) typically expressed as 2

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Yatish Sharma
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132 views13 pages

CH 6 - Two-Port Network PDF

The document describes a two-port network (TPN) model which contains four variables - input voltage (V1), input current (I1), output voltage (V2), and output current (I2). The network within the box is known as the TPN and must be linear, containing only linear elements. There are no connections between the input and output ports. Current entering at one port must equal current leaving that port. The TPN does not contain independent sources but may contain dependent sources if their controlling parameters are within the TPN. TPN parameters can be represented using admittance parameters (y-parameters), impedance parameters (z-parameters), or hybrid parameters (h-parameters) typically expressed as 2

Uploaded by

Yatish Sharma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Two-Port Network (TPN)

* Four Variables:
A I1 I2
 Input voltage V1 +
C
+
 Input current I1 V1
Two-Port
Network V2
(TPN)
 Output voltage V2 – –
B I1 I2 D
 Output current I 2
* The network within the box is known as the TPN
* It must be a linear network, i.e., it should contain
only linear elements, so that superposition principle
can be applied
* There should be no connection between A/B and C/D
Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 1
* Current entering the TPN through terminal A
must equal the current leaving through terminal B
* Similarly, current entering through terminal C
must equal the current leaving through terminal D
* The TPN must not contain any independent source
* It may contain dependent sources, however, the
controlling parameter of the dependent source
must be within the TPN
* The TPN is treated as a black box with the
external current-voltage relations expressed by a
set of TPN parameters
Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 2
* There are various types of representations of
TPN parameters
* We will discuss the three most important ones:
 Admittance Parameter (y -Parameter )
 Impedance Parameter (z -Parameter)
 Hybrid Parameter (h-Parameter )
* Typically expressed in a matrix form:
 x11 x12 
x  x  , where x is y, z, or h
 21 x 22 

Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 3


y -Parameters:
* I-V relations expressed as:
I1  y11V1  y12 V2
I 2  y 21V1  y 22 V2
V1 , V2 : Independent variables
I1 , I 2 : Dependent Variables
I1
y11 = short -circuit input admittance =
V1 V2  0

y12  short -circuit (output to input) transfer


I1
admittance =
V2 V1  0

Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 4


y 21  short -circuit (input to output) transfer
I2
admittance =
V1 V2  0

I2
y 22  short -circuit output admittance =
V2 V1  0

* Note: y12 = y 21 is not a necessary condition


* Networks with y12  y 21 are known as bilateral
* Generally purely resistive networks are bilateral
* Networks with y12  y 21 are known as unilateral
* Generally unilateral networks have active elements
and/or dependent sources within the network
Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 5
Example: To find y -parameters for the resistive
network (known as the π -network )
y1  1 R1  0.2  I1
R2
10 
I2

y 2  1 R 2  0.1 
+ +

y3  1 R 3  0.05  V1
R1
5
R3
20 
V2

I1  y1V1  y 2  V1  V2  – –

  y1  y 2  V1  y 2 V2
I 2  y 2  V2  V1   y3 V2   y 2 V1   y 2  y3  V2
 y1  y 2  y 2   0.3 0.1
Thus,  y       
  y2 y 2  y3   0.1 0.15

Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 6


z -Parameters:
* I-V relations expressed as:
V1  z11I1  z12 I 2
V2  z 21I1  z 22 I 2
I1 , I 2 : Independent Variables
V1 , V2 : Dependent Variables
V1
z11 = open-circuit input impedance =
I1 I2  0

z12  open-circuit (output to input) transfer


V1
impedance =
I2 I1  0

Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 7


z 21  open-circuit (input to output) transfer
V2
impedance =
I1 I2  0

V2
z 22  open-circuit output impedance =
I2 I1  0

* Again, only for a bilateral network, z12  z 21 ,


otherwise not
* Also, caution that for a given network zij  1 yij

Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 8


Example: To find z -parameters for the network
(known as the T -network )

V1  Z1I1  Z3  I1  I 2  I1 I2
+ Z1 Z2 +
  Z1  Z3  I1  Z3 I 2
V2  Z2 I 2  Z3  I1  I 2 
V1 Z3 V2

 Z3 I1   Z2  Z3  I 2 – –

 Z1  Z3 Z3 
Thus,  z    
 Z 3 Z 2  Z 3

All T -networks are bilateral

Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 9


Transformation Relations Between y - and z -Parameters:
z 22 z12 z 21 z11
* y11  , y12   , y 21   , y 22 
z z z z
z11 z12
with z 
z 21 z 22
y 22 y12 y 21 y11
* z11  , z12   , z 21   , z 22 
y y y y
y11 y12
with y 
y 21 y 22
* Note: While y -parameter representation is preferred
for π -networks, z -parameter representation is the choice
for T -networks
Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 10
h-Parameters:
* I-V relations expressed as:
V1  h11I1  h12 V2
I 2  h 21I1  h 22 V2
I1 , V2 : Independent Variables
V1 , I 2 : Dependent Variables
V1
h11 = short -circuit input impedance =
I1 V2  0

V1
h12  open-circuit reverse voltage gain =
V2 I1  0

Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 11


I2
h 21  short -circuit forward current gain =
I1 V2  0

I2
h 22  open-circuit output admittance =
V2 I1  0

* These are known as hybrid parameters, since they


involve both voltages and currents, with h12 and h 21
being dimensionless quantities, while h11 and h12
have units of  and  respectively
* In contrast, note that all y -parameters are expressed
in  , while all z -parameters are expressed in 

Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 12


Example: To find h-parameters for the transistor
(BJT ) equivalent circuit (low -frequency hybrid -π ):
r : Input Resistance I1 I2
+ +
r0 : Output Resistance
: Current Gain V1 r I1 r0 V2

V1  r I1 – –

I 2  I1  g 0 V2
g 0  1 r0 = Output Conductance
 r 0
Thus,  h   
 g 0 
Aloke Dutta/EE/IIT Kanpur 13

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