S3 Topic 5

Introduction to Globalization

Explanatory Notes for Teachers

Level: S3
Topic: Globalization
Supporting Teaching Materials: worksheets

Students’ Prior Knowledge

Before this ELA unit, students should have gained some basic knowledge about globalization
from their Chinese-medium lessons.

Aims and Objectives

I. Content Objectives
After the ELA activities, students will be able to use English to:
1. talk about the driving forces in the process of globalization,
2. discuss some major effects of globalization on the world,
3. apply what they have learned to analyze different aspects of globalization.

II. Language Objectives

After the ELA activities, students should be able to
1. pronounce familiar English terms related to globalization (e.g., process, effects,
aspects, ongoing, growth, industrial, national, international, trade, investment and
migration) and recognize English terms taught in the lesson (e.g., globalization,
driving force behind, economic, technological, sociocultural, political, integration,
interconnectedness, interaction, and communication technologies);
2. read and understand an English text on globalization demonstrating their
understanding by extracting points of information to complete a flow chart;
3. use graphic tools to organize the information obtained from the English text so as to
show their understanding of the text;
4. use the English terms technological/ economic / technological/ cultural/ political to
categorize events representing different aspects of globalization;
5. on the basis of their understanding of the text, use English to talk about the causes and
effects of globalization, as well as how their present lifestyles are affected by
globalization, using appropriate English expressions, such as
I think technological/ economic / technological/ cultural/ political
globalization has affected my life most, because
Procedure:

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   1
1. Before asking them to read the worksheets, the teacher should help students to revise
the key concepts in this unit by reminding them of what they have learned, through
the medium of Chinese, related to the topic. In this phase also the teacher should try to
introduce the key words to be learnt in this unit by previewing these words in his or
her review of the topic and thus giving students some exposure to the spelling and
pronunciation of the words.
2. Activity 1 – A case study. The activity helps student to activate their prior knowledge
on globalization by looking at an example of a well-known company which has gone
through the process of globalization. The activity also prompts students to think about
what is meant by the term “globalization”, as well as its causes and effects.
3. Activity 2 - Reading an informational text about globalization. Before they start
reading, the teacher should instruct students to look for answers to the prompt
questions.
4. Activity 3 – This activity helps students to understand the driving forces behind the
process of globalization. It also helps students to use a mind map to organize the
information obtained from the text.
5. Activity 4 – The activity focuses on helping students to identify the major effects of
globalization through completing another mind map.
6. Activitiy 5 – In this activity, students apply what they learn to analyse the different
aspects of globalization.
7. Activity 6 – This is a discussion activity. Students first discuss in pairs and then in the
whole class whether economic, technological, cultural or political globalization is
affecting their present lifestyle most. Students must give examples from their daily
experience to elaborate their points. Students with higher English language ability will
write a summary of the ideas expressed in the whole class discussion about how their
lifestyles are affected by globalization.

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   2
 Globalization

Word list
Vocabulary Chinese explanation
1. globalization 全球化

2. ongoing 持續的

3. combination 結合

4. political 政治的；政策的

5. economic 經濟的
6. technological 科技的

7. sociocultural 社會文化的

8. force 勢力

9. politician 政治家
10. hampering 妨礙

11. prosperity 繁榮

12. interdependence 互相依存

13. accelerate 加速

14. driving force 驅動力

15. business 商業

16. mass media 大衆媒體

17. consumer 消費者

18. financing 融資

19. capital 資本

20. regulate 管制

21. relationship 關係

22. guarantee 保證

23. rights 權利

24. fibre optic communication 光纖通信技術

25. interconnectedness 互相聯繫；彼此連接

26. interaction 互動 / 相互影響

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   3
Activity 1: A Case Study

Complete the following exercise by reading the short passage about a brief history of the
Coco-Cola Company and fill in the blanks.

The Coca-Cola Company

The Coca-Cola company was founded in the United States in 1886. The company set up bottling
plants in Canada in 1906. In 1928, it introduced the soft drink Coca-Cola at the Olympic Games
which were held in Amsterdam. In the 1940s, the company began to set up bottling plants in
countries around the world.

Coca-Cola is popular because it has been advertised as a brand of soft drink connected with fun,
friends and good times. Its international image was successfully promoted by a 1971 commercial,
where a group of young people from all over the world gathered on a hilltop in Italy to sing "I'd
Like to Buy the World a Coke." In 1978, the Coca-Cola Company was selected as the only
non-Chinese company allowed to sell packaged cold drinks in the People's Republic of China.

Today, the company produces nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries. More than 70 percent of the
company’s income comes from outside the United States. Coca-Cola is an extraordinarily successful
example of multinationalization (跨國化). Its success raises the question of why and how it has
been so successful. The multinationalization of the Coca-Cola Company is also often used as an
example to illustrate the concept of economic globalization.

[Note: The following website provides more detailed information about the history of the company:
http://heritage.coca-cola.com/]

Fill in blanks.

1886  The company was founded in __________ in _________.

1906  It set up bottling plants in ____________________.

 The soft drink Coca-Cola was introduced at the __________________.

1928

 The company was allowed to sell its cold drinks in _______________.

1978

 It produces nearly ______ brands of drinks in over ______ countries.

Toda

Questions to think about:

1. What is globalization?
2. What are the driving forces behind globalization?
3. In what ways does globalization affect the world?
An information text about globalization is provided for students to find answers to these
questions.

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   4
Activity 2: Reading
Globalization
Globalization is an ongoing process driven by a combination of political, economic,
technological, and sociocultural forces. The process of globalization since World War II has
been driven by the planning of politicians to break down borders hampering trade so as to
increase prosperity and interdependence and to decrease the chance of future war. The
process of globalization has been further accelerated by the global expansion of multinational
corporations and the worldwide exchange of new developments in science, technology and in
product manufacturing and design. Hence, the term “globalization” is often used to refer to
economic globalization, that is, the integration of national economies into the international
economy through trade, direct foreign investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of
technology. However, sometimes the term “globalization” is also used to refer to cultural
globalization because many people believe that globalization is driven by the worldwide
export of western culture through the new mass media: film, radio, television and recorded
music. The development of international transport and telecommunication is another driving
force which speeds up the process of globalization.

[More information about globalization can be found at

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization]

Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways. These aspects
include:
 Industrial globalization – development of worldwide production markets and broader
access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies involving
particularly movement of material and goods between and within national boundaries.
 Financial globalization – development of worldwide financial markets and better
access to external financing for borrowers.
 Economic globalization – establishment of a global common market, based on the
freedom of exchange of goods and capital.
 Political globalization - creation of international organizations to regulate the
relationships among governments and to guarantee the rights arising from social and
economic globalization.
 Informational globalization – increase in information flows between geographically
remote locations. (This can also be seen as a technological change related to the
advent of fibre optic communications, satellites, and increased availability of
telephone and Internet.)
 Cultural globalization - sharing of ideas, attitudes and values across national borders.
This sharing generally leads to an interconnectedness and interaction between peoples
of diverse cultures and ways of life. Mass media and communication technologies are
the primary instruments for cultural globalization.

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   5
Activity 3

What are the driving forces behind the process of globalization?

mass media international economic technological sociocultural

political politicians distances

The driving forces behind the process of globalization

1. _______________ forces:
2. _______________ forces: the
planning by ________ to break
integration of national economies
down borders hampering trade so
into the _____________ economy
as to increase prosperity and
through trade, foreign direct
interdependence among nations
investment and capital flows

Globalization

4. _______________ forces: the

development and growth of 3. _______________ forces: the

international transport and worldwide export of western

telecommunication shorten the culture through the __________

________ in the world and promote such as film, radio, television and

close connection between people. the Internet

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   6
 Activity 4

What are some major effects of globalization?

Fill in the blanks in the flow-chart with words from the box:

national values global political capital

financial information cultural governments consumers

Some major effects of globalization:

sharing of ideas, attitudes and

___________ ___________ across ___________
borders

broader access to a range of foreign

industrial industrial products for ___________
and companies

financial development of worldwide

___________ markets and better
access to external financing for
Globalization

establishment of a ___________
economic common market, based on the
freedom of exchange of goods and
___________ .

___________ creation of international

organizations to regulate the
relationships among ___________ .

increase in ___________ flows

informational between geographically remote
locations.

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   7
Activity 5

Study the 7 events in the table and decide which of the following aspects of globalization the
event illustrates: economic, informational, cultural or political. The first one has been done
for you as an example. You may work in pairs and discuss the exercise with your partner. In
your discussion, please agree on the reasons for your decisions.

Events Aspect of
globalization

1 Disneyland, the American theme park, has been set up in Hong Kong, economic
Japan and France.

2 The parts of a car come from all over the world: Germany, Japan,
Korea etc. and the car is assembled in the U.S.

3 Businesses are operated with many satellite locations or call centres in

other parts of the world to answer questions in another: for example,
someone in India answering a call from the U.S. about a product or
service.

4 The creation of regional forums such as the European Union (歐洲聯

盟) , Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) (亞太經合組織),

and international organization such as the World Trade Organization

(世界貿易組織) and the World Health Organization (世界衛生組織).
These international forums and organizations have new rules and
agreements for participating countries to follow.

5 The spread of language, products, and customs as people are closely

connected.

6 Franchises (特許經營權) for McDonald's hamburgers, Pizza Hut,

Burger King, KFC and others carrying U.S. trade names are operating
throughout the world

7 Cable News Network (CNN), based in the United States, produces

24-hour news broadcasts that can be seen by people around the world.

Read more: Globalization http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/For-Gol/Globalization.html#ixzz0dEaWioaa

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   8
Activity 6

A. Discussion

First discuss in pairs and then as a whole class how economic, technological, cultural or
political globalization is affecting your present lifestyle most. You must give examples from
your daily experience to elaborate your points.

Your partner might begin like this:

I think technological globalization has affected my life most, because every day I use the
Internet to search for information …, I use facebook to chat with my friends from different
parts of the world …

B. Writing

Write a summary of the ideas expressed in the whole class discussion about how students’
lifestyles are affected by globalization.

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization   9
 Answers
Activity 1: A Case Study

Complete the following exercise by reading the short passage about a brief history of the
Coco-Cola Company and fill in the blanks.

The Coca-Cola Company

The Coca-Cola company was founded in the United States in 1886. The company set up bottling
plants in Canada in 1906. In 1928, it introduced the soft drink Coca-Cola at the Olympic Games
which were held in Amsterdam. In the 1940s, the company began to set up bottling plants in
countries around the world.

Coca-Cola is popular because it has been advertised as a brand of soft drink connected with fun,
friends and good times. Its international image was successfully promoted by a 1971 commercial,
where a group of young people from all over the world gathered on a hilltop in Italy to sing "I'd
Like to Buy the World a Coke." In 1978, the Coca-Cola Company was selected as the only
non-Chinese company allowed to sell packaged cold drinks in the People's Republic of China.

Today, the company produces nearly 400 brands in over 200 countries. More than 70 percent of the
company’s income comes from outside the United States. Coca-Cola is an extraordinarily successful
example of multinationalization (跨國化). Its success raises the question of why and how it has
been so successful. The multinationalization of the Coca-Cola Company is also often used as an
example to illustrate the concept of economic globalization.

[Note: The following website provides more detailed information about the history of the company:
http://heritage.coca-cola.com/]

Fill in blanks.

1886  The company was founded in ___the U.S.A.___ in _1886___.

1906  It set up bottling plants in ___ Canada ____.

 The soft drink Coca-Cola was introduced at the Olympic Games held in
1928 Amsterdam..

 The company was allowed to sell its cold drinks in the People's
1978 Republic of China.

 It produces nearly _400_ brands of drinks in over _200_ countries.

Toda

Questions to think about:

1. What is globalization?
2. What are the driving forces behind globalization?
3. In what ways does globalization affect the world?
An information text about globalization is provided for students to find answers to these
questions.

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization    10
 Answers
Activity 2: Reading
Globalization
Q4:Globalization is an ongoing process driven by a combination of political, economic,
technological, and sociocultural forces. The process of globalization since World War II has
been driven by the planning of politicians to break down borders hampering trade so as to
increase prosperity and interdependence and to decrease the chance of future war. Q5:The
process of globalization has been further accelerated by the global expansion of multinational
corporations and worldwide exchange of new developments in science, technology and in
product manufacturing and design. Hence, the term “globalization” is often used to refer to
economic globalization, that is, the integration of national economies into the international
economy through trade, direct foreign investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread
of technology. However, sometimes the term “globalization” is also used to refer to cultural
globalization because many people believe that globalization is driven by the worldwide
export of western culture through the new mass media: film, radio, television and recorded
music. Development of international transport and telecommunication is another driving
force to speed up the process of globalization.
[More information about globalization can be found at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization]

Q6:Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways. These
aspects include:

 Industrial globalization – development of worldwide production markets and broader access

to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies. Particularly movement of
material and goods between and within national boundaries.
 Financial globalization – development of worldwide financial markets and better access to
external financing for borrowers.
 Economic globalization – establishment of a global common market, based on the freedom
of exchange of goods and capital.
 Political globalization – creation of international organizations to regulate the relationships
among governments and to guarantee the rights arising from social and economic
globalization.
 Informational globalization – increase in information flows between geographically remote
locations. Arguably this is a technological change with the advent of fibre optic
communications, satellites, and increased availability of telephone and Internet.
 Cultural - sharing of ideas, attitudes and values across national borders. This sharing
generally leads to an interconnectedness and interaction between peoples of diverse
cultures and ways of life. Mass media and communication technologies are the primary
instruments for cultural globalization.

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization    11
 Answers
Activity 3

What are the driving forces behind the process of globalization?

mass media international economic technological sociocultural

political politicians distances

The driving forces behind the process of globalization

2. Political forces: planning by

1. Economic forces: the
politicians to break down
integration of national
borders hampering trade so as
economies into the
to increase prosperity and
international economy
interdependence among
through trade, foreign direct
nations
investment and capital flows

Globalization

4. Technological forces: the

development and growth of 3. Sociocultural forces: the

international transport and worldwide export of western

telecommunication shorten the culture through the mass

distances in the world and promote media such as film, radio,

close connections between people. television and the Internet

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization    12
 Answers
Activity 4

What are some major effects of globalization?

Fill in the blanks in the flow-chart with words from the box:

national values global political capital

financial information cultural governments consumers

Some major effects of globalization:

sharing of ideas, attitudes and values

cultural across national borders

broader access to a range of foreign

industrial industrial products for consumers
and companies

financial development of worldwide financial

markets and better access to external
financing for borrowers.
Globalization

establishment of a global common

economic market, based on the freedom of
exchange of goods and capital.

political creation of international

organizations to regulate the
relationships among governments.

increase in information flows between

informational geographically remote locations.

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization    13
 Answers
Activity 5

Study the 7 events in the table and decide which of the following aspects of globalization the
event illustrates: economic, informational, cultural and political. The first one has been done
for you as an example. You may work in pairs and discuss the exercise with your partner. In
your discussion, please agree on the reasons for your decisions.

Events Aspect of
globalization

1 Disneyland, the American theme park, has been set up in Hong Kong, economic
Japan and France.

2 The parts of a car come from all over the world: Germany, Japan, economic
Korea etc. and the car is assembled in the U.S.

3 Businesses are operated with many satellite locations or call centres in informational
other parts of the world to answer questions in another: for example,
someone in India answering a call from the U.S. about a product or
service.

4 The creation of regional forums such as the European Union (歐洲聯 political
盟) , Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) (亞太經合組織),

and international organization such as the World Trade Organization

(世界貿易組織) and the World Health Organization (世界衛生組織).
These international forums and organizations have new rules and
agreements for participating countries to follow.

5 The spread of language, products, and customs as people are closely cultural
connected.

6 Franchises (特許經營權) for McDonald's hamburgers, Pizza Hut, economic

Burger King, KFC and others carrying U.S. trade names are operating
throughout the world

7 Cable News Network (CNN), based in the United States, produces informational
24-hour news broadcasts that can be seen by people around the world.

Read more: Globalization http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/For-Gol/Globalization.html#ixzz0dEaWioaa

S3 Topic 5: Introduction to Globalization    14