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Special Verbs that Use Être and Avoir

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Commands
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The Subjunctive
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Compound
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(/study-guides/french/french-i/french-i-
(/study-guides/french/french-i/french-i-
Special Verbs that Use Être and Avoir
erbs/reflexive-verbs-and-compound-tenses)
unctive-versus-infinitive)
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uction-to-the-imperfect)

eveVerbs (/study-guides/french/french-i/french-i-
(/study-guides/french/french-i/french-i-the-
ugating-reflexive-verbs)
the-subjunctive)
Generally, the verbs descendre, monter, passer, rentrer, retourner, and sortir use être as their helping
flexive? They may, however, take avoir as their helping verb when they are used with a direct object. The
(/study-guides/french/french-i/french-i-
verb.
xive-or-nonreflexive)
meaning of these verbs differs according to the helping verb that is used:

descendre: with être, got off, went

down; with avoir, took down

Tu es descendu(e) du train. (You got off the train.)

J'ai descendu l'escalier. (I went downstairs.)

Il a descendu sa valise. (He took down his suitcase.)

monter: with être, went down; with avoir, took up

Elles sont montées. (They went upstairs.)

Nous avons monté nos affaires. (We took [brought] up our things.)
passer: with être, passed by; with avoir, spent

Je suis passé(e) par la pâtisserie. (I passed by the pastry shop.)

Il a passé un mois au Canada. (He spent a month in Canada.)

rentrer: with être, came in; with avoir, brought in

Vous êtes rentré(e)(s) tôt. (You came home early.)

Elle a rentré le chat. (She brought in the cat.)

retourner: with être, returned; with avoir, turned over

Il est retourné à Paris. (He returned to Paris.)

Ils ont retourné la chaise. (They turned over the table.)

sortir: with être, went out; with avoir, took out

Elles sont sorties. (They went out.)

Il a sorti son portefeuille. (He took out his wallet.)

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