WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Assignment of Telecommunication Networks
S. NO S.NAME ID NO
1. Yared Bekalu…………………………. ENG/R/196/08
2. Simachew Temesgen……………...…. ENG/R/191/08
3. Zemenu Tamirat………………………ENG/R/467/08
Section_2
Submission Date:05/03/2012 E.C
Write and Describe the Evolution of Telecommunication
DEFINITION OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) originally recognized the term
telecommunications in 1932 and defined it as: ‘any telegraph or telephone communication of signs,
signals, writings, images and sound of any nature, by wire, radio, or other system or processes of
electric or visual (semaphore) signaling.’’
Currently, the ITU defines telecommunications as
‘‘any transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writings, images, and
sounds; or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, visual, or other electromagnetic
systems.’’
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Evolution of Telecommunication
The trunk of the tree represents the technological prerequisites for successive unfolding of
the various telecommunication domains into the branches of the tree
The leaves of the branches represent evolution within the separate telecommunication
domains
The bases of telecommunications, and thus the roots of the tree, are science and
industrialization.
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Optical telegraphy: in 1838: electrical telegraph: Samuel B. Morse had been working on
the idea of recording telegraph with friends Alfred Vail and Leonard Gale. they discovered
that when connecting two model telegraphs together and running electricity through a wire.
It became possible, and thus telecommunications could grow, once the telescope was available
and basic mechanical constructions could be made with sufficient accuracy.
The theory of electromagnetism and the development of precision mechanics nourished the
growth of an electrical telegraphy branch.
Electrical telegraphy: started with code-writing telegraphs and needle telegraphs.
Copper-line transmission systems:
Basic laws of electricity and the discovery of gutta-percha began the evolution of copper-line
transmission systems on open wire, copper cable, and coaxial cable, the basic theory of sound
developed by Helmholtz supported the evolution from telegraphy to telephony.
The early automation of industrial processes enabled the replacement of manual switchboards by
automatic switching devices.
The discovery of electromagnetic radiation and the subsequent development of devices for
generating and detecting such waves led to the development of radio-telegraphy.
The creation of electronic tubes (diodes and triodes) started the electronic era, which enabled the
evolution from radio-telegraphy to radio-telephony and mobile radio.
The feedback principle applied in electronic circuitry facilitated the generation of high frequencies
and thus the development of medium- and shortwave radio transmission and a new technology of
circuit combination: carrier frequency, or multiplexing.
The development of very high frequency generators in 1920 and velocity-modulated electronic
tubes in the early 1930s made radio-relay transmission possible, Rockets, transistors, and solar
cells were the ingredients for the satellite branch. The laser and extremely pure glass enabled the
fiber optics branch to grow. ICs (integrated circuits) and microprocessors were the nourishment
for the cellular radio branch.
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EVOLUTION OF TELECOMMUNICATION (FUTURE)
The first new leaf will probably represent an entirely new range of combined optical transmission-
switching systems. Another leaf might represent wireless broadband links in metropolitan areas
provided by ‘‘subspace’’ flying base stations located in unmanned balloons and airplanes circling
in the stratosphere.
Within two centuries telecommunications experienced tremendous progress.
This development is best demonstrated by the example of transatlantic submarine cable
transmission:
1866. The first transatlantic telegraph cable installed. Morse-coded telegraph channel with
a speed of about 5 words per minute.
1956. The first transatlantic telephone cable installed. operated 36 telephone channels on
two separate cables.
2000. The state-of-the art transatlantic fiber optic cable installed. 12 fibers each with a
capacity of 40 WDM 10-Gbps channels, thus a total of 4.8 Tbps, which is equivalent to
58,060,800 telephone channels.
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Table 1 Evolution of Mobile Wireless Technology from 1G to 5G.
Generation Speed TechnologyTime Features
period
1G 14.4 AMPS,NMT, 1970 – During 1G Wireless phones are used for voice
Kbps TACS 1980 only.
2G 9.6/ 14.4 TDMA,CDMA 1990 to 2G capabilities are achieved by allowing
Kbps 2000 multiple users on a single channel via
multiplexing. During 2G Cellular phones are
used for data also along with voice
2.5G 171.2 GPRS 2001 to 2.5G the internet becomes popular and data
Kbps 2004 becomes more relevant.2.5G Multimedia
20-40 services and streaming starts to show growth.
Kbps Phones start supporting web browsing
through limited and very few phones have
that.
3G 3.1 Mbps CDMA 200 2004-2005 3G has Multimedia services support along
500- 700 (1xRTT, with streaming are more popular. In 3G,
Kbps EVDO) Universal access and portability across
UMTS, EDGE different device types are made possible.
(Telephones, PDA’s, etc.)
3.5G 14.4 HSPA 2006 to 3.5G supports higher throughput and speeds
Mbps 2010 to support higher data needs of the consumers
1-3
Mbps
4G 100-300 WiMAX LTE Now (Read Speeds for 4G are further increased to keep
Mbps. 3- Wi-Fi more on up with data access demand used by various
5 Mbps Transitioni services. High definition streaming is now
100 ng to 4G) supported in 4G. New phones with HD
Mbps capabilities surface. It gets pretty cool. In 4G,
(Wi-Fi) Portability is increased further. World-wide
roaming is not a distant dream.
5G Probably Not Yet Soon Currently there is no 5G technology deployed.
gigabits (probably When this becomes available it will provide
2020) very high speeds to the consumers. It would
also provide efficient use of available
bandwidth
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