A Seminar on

DIGITAL TWIN
Submitted by
ARJUN AJAYAGHOSH
Register No: 170021093181
Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements
For the award of the degree in

Bachelor of computer application of

Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam
January 2020

BHARATA MATA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ARTS

CHOONDY, ALUVA, KERALA
(Affiliated to Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam)

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 DECLARATION

I ARJUN AJAYAGHOSH hereby declare that this seminar work

entitled DIGITAL TWIN is a record of original work done by me, and
submitted to Bharata Mata College of Commerce and Arts in partial
fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Computer Applications.

Place: Aluva
Date:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First i thank the God to overcome all the difficulties in my
seminar.
I am highly indebted to Principal Dr . LALLY
MATHEW, Bharata Mata College of Commerce and Arts for
giving me the opportunity to do and complete this seminar.
I hearby express my sincere thanks to Ms. Reshma
Thomas, Head of the Department and other members of
faculties for their kind cooperation and valuable suggestions
throughout the course of my seminar.
I express my hearty gratitude to my parents, my friends
and all well-wishers who were constant motivation to me, in
overcoming all the obstacles that came in my way.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Indroduction……………………………..5

2. What is DIGITAL TWIN?.......................7

3. Origin of DIGITAL TWIN………………8

4. Types of DIGITALTWIN.......................9

5. Working of DIGITALTWIN ………….12

6. Functions of DIGITALTWIN ……….13

7. DIGITALTWIN in the industry 4.0….15

8. Applications………………………….16

9. Conclusion……………………………17
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 INDRODUCTION
A digital twin (sometimes also “digital shadow”) is a digital
replica of real-world devices, processes or even persons. The
technology draws on domains like machine learning, artificial
intelligence and software analytics to provide a dynamic digital
representation of its physical counterpart. Thereby, it uses data
provided for example by Internet of Things (IoT) sensors as
well as information coming from past machine usage and
human domain experts. Currently mainly used in the context of
Industry 4.0, digital twins provide models and simulations of,
e.g., wind turbines or aircraft engines. Large companies like
GE, Siemens, Shell and SAP are using this technology to
create virtual models to monitor and diagnose their physical
assets and systems, optimize operation and maintenance and
calculate future performance [1]. Especially in the context of
cyber-physical systems (CPS), digital twins are of increasing
importance.
The general idea is to create a digital partner
throughout the lifecycle of all entities involved; digital twins are
created entirely based on the specifications of their physical
counterpart, whereby they document all its changes and
developments. In order to do so, digital twins require data
obtained from a system’s or device’s history, the experts
working in the domain and even data from other (third party)
entities, processes, and systems. Thus, a digital twin is able to
provide information about and current status reports of its
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physical counterpart. Once set up, digital twins are used in
manifold ways: a tool to handle data (e.g. generated by IoT
devices), a model to run calculations and scenarios to reduce
time and costs of product development and/or installation of
complex systems, or a tool to provide a constant overview of
systems which are often spatially distributed and used by
multiple parties. Lastly, given that digital twins may easily be
run in isolated environments, they can be meticulously
analyzed (e.g., regarding security measures) without disrupting
operational systems. In the future, they will be joined with
further technologies like augmented reality or AI capabilities,
facilitating looking inside the digital twin, holding the promise to
make checking the actual devices or production processes
unnecessary

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 What is DIGITALTWIN ….?

• Computer-based versions of anything that physically

exists.
• Cloud based virtual image of your asset maintained
throughout the lifecycle and easily accessible at any
time.
• Virtual copy of something real, modelled to behave
realistically.
• One platform brings all the experts together providing
powerful analysis, insight and diagnostics.
• We then want that physical build to tie back to its
digital twin through sensors so that the digital twin
contains all the information that we could have by
inspecting the physical build.

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 Origin of DIGITAL TWIN

• University of Michigan presentation originated by Dr Grieves,

called it “Conceptual Ideal for PLM”.
• The elements of the Digital Twin: real space, virtual space, the
link for data flow from real space to virtual space, the link for
information flow from virtual space to real space and virtual sub-
spaces.

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 Types of DIGITALTWIN
Virtual models are widely used in the manufacturing of
various products. Several types of simulators are in existence
today.
• Different types of DT are:
• Product Twins
• Process Twins
• System Twins

• Product Twins – These are models of separate products.

Manufacturers use a virtual prototype of a certain
good before setting up a production line to analyse
how It will perform under different condition and
what issues may occur. This allows making
necessary adjustments and creating the more
efficient design of goods. As a result, product digital
twins help reduce production expenses and time-to-
market, while improving quality.
Afterward, product twins
can be used to control product performance in the
physical world.

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• Process Twins –These models simulate
manufacturing processes. A virtual production
process can create different scenarios and show
what will happen in different situations. This allows a
company to develop the most efficient production
methodology.
The process can be further optimised with
the help of product twins for every piece of
equipment involved. Thus, an enterprise will be able
to perform preventative maintenance, avoiding
costly downtimes. Manufacturing operations will be
safer, faster and more efficient.

• System Twins –These are virtual models of the

entire systems. They collect massive amount of
operational data produced by devices and products
in the system, gain insight and create new business
opportunities to optimize all the processes.
Experts suppose that in the near future,
millions of digital twins will replace human workers
involved in the diagnosis of the equipment
malfunctions. This is already happening in some
enterprises. Virtual models are more effective, as

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they gather information about the conditions of the
spare parts from sensors in the online mode and are
ready to replace or fix them before serious damage
occur.
Futurist predicts that digital copies of people will also soon
appear. They will anticipate the behaviour and wishes
of their human prototypes, makes decisions and
perform other actions on their behalf.

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 Working of DIGITALTWIN

• Digital Twins, the virtual counterparts of the physical assets are

created as digitalized duplicates of machines or physical sites
using sensors.
• These digital assets can be created even before an asset is built
physically.
• To create a digital twin of any physical asset, the engineers
collect and synthesize data from various sources including
physical data, manufacturing data, operational data and insights
from analytics software. All this information is integrated into a
physics-based virtual model and by applying Analytics into these
models we get the relevant insights regarding the physical asset.
• The consistent flow of data helps in getting the best possible
analysis and insights regarding the asset which helps in
optimizing the business outcome.
• Thus the digital twin will act as a live model of the physical
equipment.

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 Functions Of Digital Twin

• In general, virtual models are used to monitor, analyse and

improve their physical prototypes. Figuratively their functions can
be divided into three stages:
• To See
• To Think
• To Do

To See -:
At this stage, sensors and devices collect data to picture the
situation.

To Think -:
At this stage , the smart software analysis collected data
and if there are any issues, find several possible solutions to
each one.

To Do -:
At this stage, intelligent algorithms choose the most
appropriate solution and implement them to address to the
problems.
The technology allows people to see the inner problems of
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physical objects without getting inside due to computer
visualisation and solve them with no risks for people’s health and
life.

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 DIGITAL TWIN IN THE INDUSTRY 4.0
• Digital Twins is at the core of this new industrial revolution
bringing in unlimited possibilities.
• It changes the traditional approach of ‘the first build and then
tweak’ in the industrial world and brings in a more virtual system
based design process that brings in the much more efficient role
out of any equipment or system by understanding its unique
features, performance, and potential issues if any.
• With Digital Twin, an operator can get trained on a virtual machine
without spending for a dedicated trainer or simulator.

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 Applications
• Manufacturing
• Digital Twin is poised to change the current face of manufacturing
sector. Digital Twins have a significant impact on the way
products are designed manufactured and maintained. It makes
manufacturing more efficient and optimized while reducing the
throughput times.
• Smart Cities
There 3D digital twins of the whole cities already exists eg: Virtual
Singapore. These systems provide valuable insights that city
authorities may use for informing citizens and improving
infrastructure
• Space Exploration
• The national Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) test
all the equipments first in a virtual environment. Devices are not
manufactured physically until their digital counterparts satisfy all
the required characteristics.

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 CONCLUSION
• With the further evolution of Machine Learning and Artificial
Intelligence, the future is not too far for the machines to take the
autonomy to the next level. In such an autonomous world of
industrial machines, the role of Digital Twin will evolve and we can
witness increasing self-awareness in the machines.

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