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Indian Standard
CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR STORAGE OF
LIQUIDS - CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 2 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

( First Revision )

ICS 23.020.01; 91.080.40

© S IS 2009
BUREAU OF IN D IAN S T ANDARDS
MANAK BHA V A N, 9 BA HADUR S HAH ZA FA R MA RG
NEW DELHI I 10002

June 200<) Price Group 6

 L_-----.. . :s 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

Indian Standard
CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR STORAGE OF
LIQUIDS - CODE OF PRACTICE
PART 2 REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES

( First Revision)
1 SCOPE 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
1.1 This standard (Part 2) lays down the requirements De!'ign and construction of reinforced concrete liquid
applicable specifically to reinforced concrete structures retaining structures shall comply with the requirements
for the storage of liqui ds, mainl y water. These of IS 3370 (Pa rt I) and IS 456 unless otherwise laid
requirements are in addition to the general requirements down in this standard.
laid down in IS 3370 (Pari 1).
4 DESIGN
1.2 This standard does not cover the requirements for
reinforced and prestressed concrete structures for 4.1 General
storage of hot liquids and liquids orloVl' viscosity and Provisions shall be made for conditions of stresses that
high penetrating power like petro!. diesel oil, etC. This may occur in accordance with principles of mechanics,
standard also does not cover dams, pipes.. pipelines, recognized methods of design and sound engineering
lined structures and damp-proofing of basements. practice. In particular, adequate consideration shall be
Special problems of shrinkage arising in the storage given to the effects of monolithic construction in the
of non-aqueous liquid and the measures b ary' assessment of axial force, bending moment and shear.
where chemical attack is possible are also DOl dealt
with. The recommendations, however, Ina) ~y 4.2 Loads
be applicllble to the storage at normaJ tcUlfCi:e:c:es of All structures req uired 10 retain liquids should be designed
aqll{"OtlS liqll ias Bna solut ions u.-hich h-a'Id!' DO for buth the full l:ImI empty cunrJitiuns, l:InrJ the
detrime ntal action on concrete and sled or .-here assumptions regarding the arrangements of loading should
sufficient precautions are taken to ensure ~ be such as to cause the most critical effects. For load
of concrete and steel from damage due 10 aaiac. of combinations, water load shall be treated as 'dead load'.
such liqu ids as in the case of sewage.
Liquid loads should allow for the actual density of the
2 REFERENCES contained liquid and possible transient conditions, for
e:xampie, suspended or deposited silt or grit where
The following standards contain pro...·Wc.i.. wiai:.:h
appropriate. For ultimate limit state conditions and
through reference in this text, constitu~ JAutisiuboi
\\-orIdng stress design, liquid levels should be taken to
this standard. At the time of publication.:IDe ediIium me maximum level the liquirJ can rise assuming that the
indicated were valid. Ali standards are ~..1C:t to liquid outlets are blocked. For serviceability, limit state
revision and parties to agreements ~ (Iii din oonditions, the liquid level should be taken to the working
standard are encouraged to investigate the ;X>"'ioil~ lOp liquid level or the overflow level as appropriate to
of applying the most recent editions of tile ~ v"ulcing conditions. Allowance should be made for the
indicated below: dfects of any adverse soil pressures on the walls,
• IS No. TIIle according to the compaction and/or surcharge of the soil
and the condition of the structure during construction
456: 2000 Code of practice fo-r p G.i
and in service. No relief should be given for beneficial
reinforced concrete o· ....- soil pressure effects on the walls of containment
1786 : 2008 Specification for higJr. ~ l=-s
suuctures in the full condition. Loading effects due to
~
ea and wires for co~
ifourth revision;.
r

• temperat ure occurs when thermal expansion of a roof

ij 3370 Concrete structUIes (or k ~ of
forces the walls of an empty structure into the
a; surrounding backfill causing passive soi l pressure. This
0
~
liquids - Code of .... a:a:e effect can be reduced by providing a sliding joint between
I (Part 1) 2009 General requirementS .'::'r:s;: ~
(Part 4) 1967 Design tables
me top of the wall and under side of the roof which may
be either a temporary free sliding joint that is not cast
IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

into a fi)(ed or pinned connection, or a permanently that in mature concrete shall be calcula\cd as given in
sliding joint uf asM:Sscd limiting friction. Movement of Annex B.
a roof may occur also where there is substantial variation
4.4.3.1 Crack widths for reinforced con("'1ete members in
in the temperature of the contained liquid. Where a roof direct tension and flexural tension may be deemed to be
is rigidly connected to a wall this may lead to additional satisfactory if steel stress under service conditions does
loading in the wall that should be considered in the not exceed 115 N/mml for plain bars and 130 N/mm2
design. Earth covering on reservoir roof may be taken as for high strength deformed bars.
dead load , but due account should be taken of
construction laads from plant and heaped earth which 4.5 Working Stress Design
may exceed the intended design load.
4.5. t Basis of Design
The junctions between various members (between wall The design of members shall be based on adequate
and floor) intended to be constructed as rigid should resi s tance to cracking and adequate strength.
be designed accordingly and effect of continuity should Calculation of stresses shall be based on the following
be accounted in design and detailing of each member. assumptions:
4.3 Methods of Dl!'sign :I) At any cross·section plane section remains
One of the two ahernative methods of design given plane after bending.
in 4.4 and 4.5 for design of water retaining structures b) Both steel and concrete are perfectly elastic and
shall be followed: the modular ratio has the value given in IS 456.
c) In calculalion of stresses, for both fIe)(ucal and
Additional provisions for design of floors, walls and direct tension (or combination of both)
roofs are given in 5, 6 and 7 respectively. Structural relating to resistance to cracking, the whole
elements that are not e)(posed to the liquids or to section of concrete including the cover
moist conditions shall be designed in accordance together with the reinforcement can be taken
with IS 456. into account provided the tensile stress in
concrete is limited to Table 1.
4.4 Limit State Design
d) In strength calculations the concrete has no
4.4.1 Limit State Requirements tensile strength.
All relevant limit states shall be considered in the design 4.5.2 Permissible Stresses on Concrete
to ensure an adequate degree of safety and servil,;~bility.
4.5.2.1 Resistallce to cracking
4.4.1.1 Limit state of collapse
For calculations relating to the resistance to cracking,
The recommendations given in IS 456 shall be the permissible concrete stresses shall confonn to the
followed. values specified in Table t. Although cracks may
4.4.1.2 Limit states of serviceability develOp in practice, compliance with assumption given
in 4.5.1(c) ensures that these cracks are not excessive.
a) Deflection - The limits of deflection shall
be as per IS 456. Table 1 Permissible Concr-eie Str-esses in
b) Cracking - The maximum calculated surface Calculations Relating to Resistance
width of cracks for direct tension and flexure to Cracking
or restrained temperature and moiSlUre effects [CIQllSes 4.5. I (c), 4.5.2.1 and 6.3(b)}
shall nol e)(ceed 0.2 mm with specified cover.
51 Grldt of Ptrmissiblt Co ncrtlt StrtSSt5,
4.4.1.3 Partial safety factors No . Concr~lc N/rnml
rr-------rA' - - - - - - _ ,
The recommendations given in IS 456 for parlial safety TensiDn Due
Direct Tension
factors for serviceability shall be followed. to Bending

4.4.2 Basis of Design II) (2) (3) (4)

i) Ml5 L3 1.8
Design and detailing ofreinforced concrete shall be as Ii) M30 1.5 2.0
specified in Section 5 of IS 456 except thai 37.1.1 of iii) MJ5 1.6 2.2
IS 456 shall not apply. iv) M'O 1.8 2.4
,) M45 2.0 2.6
4.4.3 Crack Widths vi) MSO 2.1 28
NOTE - TIle maximum values of shear Stress in concrete
Crack widths due to the temperature and moisture shall be as given in IS 456.
effects shall be calculated as given in Annex A and

2
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

4.5.2.2 Strength calculation steel shall be equal 10 the product of modular ralio of
steel and concrete, and the corresponding permissible
In strength calculalions, the permissible concrete
tensile stress in concrete.
stresses shall be in accordance with Table 2 and Table 3.
4.5.3.2 Strength calculations
Table 2 Permissible Stresses in Concrete
All values are in N/mm 2 . For strength calculations, the permissible stresses in
steel shall conform to the values specified in Table 4.
SI Grad~ of Permissible Stren in Permissible
N~ Concrtte Comprl""ssion Stress In tJond
(Average) for Table 4 Permissible Stresses in Steel
A
Plain Blrs In Reinforcement for Strength
Bending Direa Tension
0* u. ,- 51 Type of stress in Sled Permissible Stresses., N/mm'
No, Reinforcement
(I) (2) (3) (4) (') r - - - -A
r Plain Round High Strength "\
;j
ii)
M"
MJO
8.'
to.O
6.0
8.0
0.'
1.0
(2)
Mild Steel Bars Deformed Bars
(3) (4)
iii) MJ> 11.5 9.0 1.1 ( I)
i\') :.140 13.0 10.0 1.2 Tensile in mcmbt.'fS 130
,)
vi)
M4S
M50
14.5
16.0
! 1.0
12.0
IJ
1.4
')

""'"
stress
direct tension,
bending and shear
"'
ii) Compressive
""" "'0
140
NOTES
I The values ofpmnissible shear stress in concrete arc given in (:(Ilumns subjected
direclload
'"
Table 3.
2 The bcmd stress given in col 5 shall be increased by 25
percenl for bars in compression.
3 In case of deformed ban (:(Informing 10 IS 1786, the bond 4.5.4 Stresses Due to Moisture or Temperatllre Changes
stresses given above may be increased by60 percent.
No separate calculation is required for stresses due to
moisture or temperature change in the concrete
Table 3 Permissible Shear Stress in Concrete provided that:
(Clause 4.5.2.2, and Table 2)
a) The reinforcement provided is not less than
Permissible Shear Stnss in Concrete T.,
SI
No. 100 ~ Nfllml
that specified i"n 8,
M
Grade of Concrete b) The recommendations of the standard with
r
A
, regard to the provision of movement joints
M" MJO MJ> M40 and
Ab<N' and for a suitable sliding layer beneath the
(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) tank given in IS 3370 (Part 1) are complied
;j OS; 0.15 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.20 with,
ii) 0.25 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 e) The tank is 10 be used only for the storage of
iii) 0.50 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32
iv) 0.75 0.36 0.37 0.37 0.38 water or aqueous liquids at or near ambient
,) 1.00 0.40 0.41 0.42 0.42 temperature and the concrete never dries out,
vi) 1.25 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.46 and
vii) 1.50 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.49
viii) 1.75 0.49 0.50 0.52 0.52 d) Adequate precautions are taken [0 avoid
ix) 2.00 0.5 1 0.5) 054 0.55 cracking of th e concrete during the
,) 2.25 0.53 0.55 0.56 0.57
xi) 2.50 0.55 0.57 0.58 0.60 construction period and until the tank is put
xii) 2.15 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.62 into use.
xiii) 3.00 and 0.57 0.60 0.62 0.63

""'"
NOTE - A. is that area of longitudinal tension reinforcement
which (:(IntinuC5 at least onc effective depth beyond the section
4,5,4,1 Shrinkage stresses may. however, be required
to be calculated in special cases, when a shrinkage
being considered except III supports where the full area of coefficient of 300 x 10.6 may be assumed.
tension reinforcement may be used provided the detailing
conforms to 26.2.2 and 26.2.3 ofJS 456. 4.5 .4.2 Where reservoirs are protected with an
in ternal impermeable lining, consideration should
4.5.3 Permissible Stresses in Steel be given to the possibility of concrete eventually,
drying out. Unless it is established on the basis of
4.5.3.1 Resistance 10 cracking
tests or experience that the lining has adequate crack
The tensile stress in the stccl will necessarily be limited bridging properties, allowance for the increased
by the requirement that the permi~sible tensile stress effect of drying shrinkage should be made in the
in the concrete is not exceeded; so the tensile stress in design.

3
IS 3370 (part 2) : 2009

5 FLOORS cOilcrete tanks, the following points should be taken

care of:
5.1 Provisions of Movement Joints
a) In plane walls, the liquid pressure is resined
Movement joints shall be provided in accordance with by both vertical and horizontal bending
IS 3370 (Part I). moments. An estimate of the bending
moments in the vertical and horizontal planes
5.2 Floors of Tanks Resting on Ground should be made. The horizontal tension
The floors of tanks resting on ground shall be in caused by the direct pull due to water pressure
accordance with IS 3370 (Part I). on end walls should be added to that resulting
from horizontal bending moment.
5.3 Floors of Tanks Resting on Supports b) On liquid retaining faces. the tensile stresses
If the tank is supported on walls or other similar due to the combination of direct horizontal
supports, the floor slab shall be designed for bending tension and bending action shall satisfy the
moments due to water load and selfweiehr . The worst following condition:
conditions of loading may not be those given in 22.4.1
of IS 456, since water level extends over all spans in
nomlal construction except in the case of multi-cell
tanks, these will have to bedetennined by the designer where
in each particular case.
ad = calculated direct tensile stress in
5.3.1 When the floor is rigidly connected to the walls concrete,
(as is generally the case) the bending moments at the act = permissible direct tensile stre.>s in
junction between the walls and floor shall be taken concrete (see Table I),
into account in the design of floor together with any
direct forces transferred to the floor from the walls or aobt' ::: calculated tensile stress due to
from the floor to the wall due to the suspension of the bending in concrete, and
floor from the wall. 0ctol ::: permissible tensile stress due to
bending in concrete (ueTable I).
6 WALLS c) At the verli!.:ul edges where the walls of a
6.1 Provision of Joints reservoir are rigidly joined, horizontal
reinforcement and haunch bars should be
6.1.1 Sliding Joints at tile Base oiflle Wall provided to resist the horizontal bending
Where it is desired to allow the walls to expand or moments, even if the walls are designed to
contract separately from the floor, or to prevent withstand the whole load as vertical beams
moments aI the base Of the wall owing to fixity to the or cantilever without lateral supports.
floor, sliding joints may be employed. In the case of rectangular or polygonal tanks, the side
6.1.1.1 Constructions affecting the spacing of vertical walls act as two way slabs, whereby the wall is
movement joints are discussed in IS 3370 (Pan I). continued or restrained in the horizontal direction, fixed
While the majority of these joints may be of the partial or hinged at the bottom and hinged or free at the top.
or complete contraction type. sufficient joints of the The walls thus act as thin plates suhject to triangular
expansion type should be provided to sat isfy the loading and with boundary conditions varying between
requirements of IS 3370 (Part I). full restrai nt and free edee. The analy,"i," of moment
and force," may be made on the basis of any recognized
6.2 Pressure on Walls method. However, moment coefficients, for boundary
6.2.1 In liquid retaining structures with fixed or floating conditions of wall panels for some common cases are
covers, thl! gas pressure developed above li<IUid surface given in IS 3370 (Part 4) for general guidance.
shall be added to the liquid pressure.
6.4 Walls of Cylindrical Tanks
6.2.2 When the wall of liquid retaining struCture is built
While designing wall s or cyl indrical tanks, the
in ground or has earth embanked against it, the effect
following points should be borne in mind:
of earth pressure shall be taken inlO account as
discussed in IS 3370 (Part I). a) Walls of cylindrical tanks are either cast
monolithicall y wilh the base or are set in
6.3 Walls of Tanks Rectangular or Polygonal in Plan grooves and keyways (movement joints). In
While designing the walls of rectangular or polygonal either case deformation of the wall under the

4
 influence of liquid pressure is restricted at tne--
base.
IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

ine"res(oT l/'l'e lank or by use of the covering of

walcrproof membrane or by providing slopes to ensure
I
b) Unless the extent of fixity at the base is adequate drainage.
established by analysis with due consideration
8 DETAILING
to the dimensions of the hase slab, the type of
joint between the walJ and slab and the type 8.1 Minimum Reinforcement
of soil supporting the base slab, it is advisable
to assume wall to be fully lixed at the base.
8.1.1 The minimum reinforcement in walls, floors and
roofs in each of two directions at right angle'>, within
Coefficient for ring tension and vertical moments for each surface zone shall not be less than 0.3:: percent
different conditions of the walls for some common of the surface zone, cross section as shown in Fig. I
cases are given in IS 3370 (Part 4) for general and Fig. 2 for high strength deformed bars and not
guidance. less than 0.64 percent for mild steel reinforcement bars.
The minimum reinforcement can be further reduced
7 ROOFS to 0.24 percent for deformed bars and 0.40 percent for
plain round bars for tanks having any dimension nOl
7.1 Provision of Movement Joints
more than 15 m. In wall slabs less than 200 mm in
To avoid the possibility of sympathetic cracking, it is thickness, the calculated amount of reinforcement may
important to ensure that movement joints in the roof all be placed in one face. For ground slabs less than
correspond with those in walls if roof and walls are 300 mm thick (see Fig. 2) the calculated reinforcement
monolithic. If, however, provision is made by means should be placed in one face as near as possible to the
of a sliding joint for movement between the roof and upper surface consistent with the nominal cover. Bar
the wall. correspondence of joints is not important. spacing should generally not exceed 300 mm or the
thickness of the section, whichever is less.
7.2 Water-Tightness
8.2 Size of Bars, Distance Hetween Hars, Laps and
In case of tanks intended for the storage of water for Bends ~ Size of bars, distance between bars, laps and
drinking purposes, the roof must be made water-tight. bends in bars, and fixing of bars shall be in accordance
This may be achieved by limiting the stresses as for with IS 456.

NOTE - For D< 500 mm. assume each reinforcement face controls 012 depth of concrete.

For 0 > 500 mm assume each reinforcement face controls 250 mm depth of concrete.
ignoring any central core beyond this surlace depth.

FiG. I SURFACE ZONES: WALLS AND SUSPENDED SLABS

5
IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

-,-~~~~~~~~~
012
o _ _I
300mm TO
500mm

L 100mm

- r7""7-r77-r77--rr;'7"7":'77:'77:'7TTTT:1~

1 ~m
o
OVER
500mm

L h-~7r~7r~7
--r
I
100mm

FIG. 2 SURFACE ZONES; GROUNDED SI.ABS

ANNEXA
(Foreword, and Clause 4.4.3)
CRACK WIDTH DUE TO TEMPERATURE AND MOISTURE
A· l CALCULATION OF MINIMUM REIN- Grade of M25 M30 M35 M40 M45 M50
FORCEMENT CRACK SPACING AND CRACK concrete
WIDTHS IN RELATION TO TEMPERATURE fCl' N/mm 2 U5 1.3 1.45 1.6 1.7 1.8
AND MOISTURE EFFECTS IN THIN SECTION Iy = characteristic strength of the reinforcement.

A-l .l The design procedures given in A·l.2 to A·I.3 For ground slabs under 200 mOl thick the minimum
arc appropriate to long continuous wall or floor slabs reinforcement may be assessed on the basis of
of thin cross section. A-2 considers thick sections. thickness of 100 mm and placed wholly in the top
surface wilh cover not exceeding 50 mm. The top
A·1.2 Minimum Reinforcement surface zone for ground slab from 20Q to 500 mm
To hef'Jfeclive in rli.~trihlllinl! cracking. the amount of thick may be assessed on half the thickness of the
reinforcement provided needs to be at least as great as slab. For ground slabs over 500 mm thick. consider"
that given by the formula: them as 'thick' sections with the bottom surface zone
only 100 mm thick.
fo
Pcr;, = /y ... (1) A·I.3 Cracks can be controlled by choosing the
spacing of movement joint and the amount of
where reinforcement. The three main options are summarized
P<ril = critical steel ratio, that is, the minimum ralio, in Table 2 of IS 3370 (Part I).
of steel area to the gross area of the whole
A·I.4 Crack Spacing
concrete section, required to distribute the
cracking; When sufficient reinforcement is provided to distribute
hi = direct tensile strength of the immature cracking the likely maximum spacing of crack SMa.
concrete, which is taken as given below: Shllll be given by the formula:

6
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

where
sM¥. = -;:-x
ht 20 ... (2)
'" p coefficient of thermal expan sion of mature
where concrete, and

falio of the Icnsile strength of the concrete T1 = fall in temperature between the hydration
peak and ambient.
ifn! to the average bond strength between
concrete and steel. The value of TI depends on the tem perature of
o = size of each reinforcing bar, and concreting, cement content, thickness of the member
p steel ratio based on the gross concrete and material for sh utters. As guideline, it is
seclion. recommended to use TI = 30"C for concreting in
summer and 20"C for concreting during winter, when

For immature concrete, the value of ~ may be taken steel shutters arc used. For other conditions, the value
of T] may be appropriately increased.
as unilY [orpiain round bars and 213 fordefonncd bars. In addition to the temperature fall T I , there can be a
The above formula may be expressed for design iurther fall in temperature, T2 due to seasonal variations.
purposes as: Theconsequcnt thennal contractions OCCl lf in the mature
concrete for which the factors controlling cracking
f"
- x--
2bD behaviour are substantially modified. The ratio of the
... (3)
1;, 1t"SMu
tensile strength of concrete to bond strength, fa, is
where f.
lib = number of bars in width of section, appreciably lower for mature concrete. In addition, the
b = width of section; restraint along the base of the member tends to be much
more unifonn and less susceptible to stress raisers, since
D overall Jepth of member, and
a considerable shear resistance can be developoo along
SMu= obtainl.!d from \VM U " the entire length of the construction joint.
The width of a fu lly developed crack due to drying Although precise data are not available for these effects
shrinkage and 'heat ofhydr:ltion ' contraction in lightly- a reasonable estimate may be assumed that the
reinforced restrained walls and slabs may be obtained comb ined effect of these factors is to reduce the
from : estimated contraction by half. Hence the v;llul'; nfwM«A
when taki ng an additional seasonal temperature fall
... (4)
into account is given by:
where

e = [~.+ .. -(!OOx 1000)J ... (6)

WM.. = estimated maximum crack width, When movemcntjoints arc provided at nOI more than
SMu = estimated likely maximum crack spacing, 15 m centres, the subsequent temperature fall, Tl. need
Eo, :::; estimated shrinkage strain, and not be considered.
estimated IOtal thermal contraction after A·2 THICK SECTIONS
peak temperature due to heat of hydration.
For 'thick' sections, major causes of cracki ng are the
For immature concrete the effective coefficient of differences which dcvelop betwecn the surface zones

j
thermal comraction may be taken as one half o f the and thc core of the section. The thickness of concrete
valuc for mature concrete (uue to the hi~h clcep strain which can be considered to be with in lIle ':,uJ"facc zone'
in immature concrete) . is somewhat arbitrary. However, site observations have
For walls exposed to normal climatic conditions the indicated that the zone thicknesses for D > 500 mm in
shrinkage Slrain less the associated c reep strain is Fig. I and Fig. 2 are appropriate for thick sections,
generally less than the ultimate concrete tensile strain and thc procedure fo r calculating thennal crack control
of about lOll x 10"6 unless high shrinkage aggregates reinforcement in thic k sections is same ns that for thin
are used. Hence the value o f WMu for coo ling to sections.
ambient from the peak hydration temperature may be The maximum temperature rise due to heat of hydration
assumed to be: to be considered should be the average value for the entire
width of section. The temperature rise to be considered
... (5) for the core should be at least 10°C higher than thc value
which would be assumed for thc entire section.

7
 --

IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

ANNEXB
(Foreword, and Clause 4.4.3)
CRACK WIDTHS IN MATURE CONCRETE

8-1 ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN b,{D-x)(a'- x)

FLEXURE ... (8)
3E,A,{d-x)
Providcd that the strain in thc tcnsion reinforcement is
limited to 0.8 fiE. and the stress in the concrete is For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.1 mm:
limited to 0.45 f eu' the design surface crack width
1.5b, (D -x)(a'- x)
should not cxreed the appropriate value given in 4.4.1.2 ... (9)
and may be calculated from equation (7): 3E,A,{d - x)
where
__ :=-i3Ca""c'cmcc-,
IV = ( . .. (7) 6, strain at the level considered,
1+2act-CM,n)
D x strain due 10 the sl iRcning effect of concrete
where "
b,
between cracks.
width of section at the centroid of the tension
IV = design surface crack width,
steel,
a c• = dislance from the point considered to the
D overall depth of the member,
surface of the nearest longitudinal bar,
&", = average strain at the level where the cracking x = depth of the neutral axis,
is being considered. To be calcu lated In E, = modulus of elasticity of reinforceme.nt,
accordance with 8·2,
A, area of tension re inforcement,
CM,n = minimum cover to the tension steel,
D = overall depth of the members, and
d = effective depth, and

x = depth of neutral axis.

d = distance from the compression face to the
point at which the crack width is being
calculated.
8 -2 AVRRA(;R STRAIN IN FLEXURE
The average strain at the level where !;racking is being B·4 ASSESSMENT OF CRACK WIDTHS IN
considered, is assessed by calcu lating the apparent DIRECT TENSION '
strain using characteristic loads and normal clastic Provided that the strain in the reinforcement is limited
theory. Where flexure is predominant hut some tension to 0.8f/E" the design crack width should not exceed
exists at the section, the depth of the ncutral axis should the appropriate value g iven in 8 of IS 3370 (Part I)
be adjusted. The calculated apparent strain, 8 1 is then and may be calculated from equation (10):
adjusted to take into account the stiffening effcct of
the conc rete between cracks ~. The value of the ... ( 10)
sti ffening effec t may be assessed from B·3, and where &m is assessed in accordance with B-S.

B·5 AVERAGE STRAIN IN DIRECT TENSION

where
The average strain is assessed by calculating the
£in = aver:lge j:.train at the level where cracking is C:l pl'arcnt strai n using characteristic loads and normal
being considered, elastic theory. The calculated apparent strain is then
&1 stmi n at the level considered, and adjusted to take into account the stiffening effect of
~ strain due to stiffeni ng effect of concrete the concrete between cracks. The value of the stiffening
between cracks. effect may be assessed from B·6.

8-3 STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN 8·6 STIFFENING EFFECT OF CONCRETE IN

FLEXURE DIRECT TENSION
The stiffeni ng effect of the concrete may be assessed The stiffening effeci of the concrete may be assessed
by deducting from the apparent strain a value obtained by deducting from the apparent Slrain a value obtained
from equations (8) or (9). from equation (11) or (12).
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.2 mm : For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.2 mm:

8
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

2b,D bl width of (he section at the centroid of the

1''1. = 3E,,,, .. . (I I ) tension steel,
D := overall depth of [he member,
For a limiting design surface crack width of 0.1 mm: E, modulus of elasticity of reinforcement, and
A, area of tension reinforcement.
b,D
.. (12)
'" = E,,,, The stiffening effect faclo~ should not be interpolated
or extrapolated and apply only for the crack widths
€:! strain due to stiffening effect,
Slated.

ANNEXC
(Foreword)
COMMITTEE COMPOSITION
Cement and Concrete Scctional Committee, CEO 2

Org/llliUltioll RepresellWtil'e(S)
I>.:lhi Tourism and Transportation Development CorporaTion SHR/ J USE KURlAN (Chairman)
Ltd, New Delhi
Ace Ltd, Mumbai SHill NAVEEN CIIAUUA
SURI P. SRINIVASAN (Alremme)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Mumbai DR PIIIIIIIR C. BASU
SHRI L. R. BISIINOI (AI/emale)
Building M~lerials and Technology Promotion Council. SURl J. K. P!lASIlU
New Delhi SHI<J C. N. J"II (Alr~II""~)

Cement Corporation or India Limited, New Delhi SIlRI R. R. DESuP"'Nu~

SIIRl M. K. AGf,.RW"'~ (Al/anlJu)
Cement Manufacturers' Association, Noida SUR! E. N. MURTIty
DR S. P. GHOSH (Alltmau)
Ccntral Board of Irrigation and Power. New Delhi MliMlIllR Sn:1I.IlTARY
DIRU,,()R (aVIl.) (Alrernau)
Central Building Rescllrc h Institutc (CSIR). Roorkee DR B. K. RIIO
DR S. K. AGIIRWAI. (Ailemale)

Central Public Works Department. New Delhi CmEI' ENGINEER ( DI >SI(jN)

SUl'a\INTUlOl~(l ENC;INIT:R; (S&S) (A/urnme)
Central Road Research InstitUlc (CSIR), New Delhi DR RAM KUMAR
SUR! S"'TANUIi!t KUW.R (Alltrnalt)
Central Soil and Materials Research SlalioD, New De lhi SHill MUM"I R...·lli... M
SUR! N. CNANUIlA$F.KHItAN (Alr" mar,,)
J Central WaleT Commission. New Delhi DIRECTOR (CMDD) (N&W)
DI'J'UTY DIRI:crOR (CMDD) (NW&S) (Allel7wle)
1
, ConmJt Technologies Pvt Ltd. Kolkata
Construction Indu stry Development Council, New Delhi
DR A. K. CU"'TIUU"H
SHKI P. K. SWARUI'
SURI R... vI J... IN (Alrenl<lle)
Delhi Devclopmo:nt Authority. New Delhi SURl A. P. SINlll!
SimI B. B. AIRY (AI/ernale)
Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals. New Delhi SHRI P. K. LAI11RI
SHKI A. K. M . KASUYAP (Alr..,nat~)

Engineers India Limited, New Delhi SURI ARVIN!> KUMAIt

SUR! A. K. MISItItA (A/:~fllaI~)

Fly Ash Unit, Department of Science & Tedlllology. DR VIMAI. KUM/III.

MiniSlry of Science & Technology, New Delhi SUMl M UKF.511 MXI'IIUR (AllffllUIe)

9
IS 3370 (Pa,' 2) , 2009

Organization Repreu lllativds)

Gammon India Limited. Mumbni Sli M! S. A. RWIJI

SIlR! V. N . HlroGADE (Altemate)

Grasim Industries Limited. Mumbai SUR1 A. K. JAIN

SURI M . C. AG1lIIWAL (Alfemate )

Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited, Ahmedabad 51111.1 C. M. DoRnl

SlIkl B. K. J""':;Io"A (Alte"'clte)
Housing alld Urban Development Corporation Limited, CU"' lkMAN AND MAN"'GI!'lG DIRECTOR
Sew Delhi SIIR! V. ARUL KUMA!! (Alfemate)

Indian Bureau of Mines, Nagpur 51111.1 S. S. O AS

SIIR! MEliRUI. HASAN (Alternate)

Indian Concrete Institute, Chenuai SilK! L. N. AI'TI:

SHRI D. SIUNtvhSAN (AI/emate)

Indian Institute of Technology. Roorkee PROF V. K. GUl'TA

DR BIlUP1NOt:ll SlNGU (A/uma/e)

Indian Roads Con61l:ss, New Delhi SI£RETARY GliNl;JtAL

DIMrCTOk (Alternate)

Institute for Research, DcveJopmen! & Training of DR N. RAGH ...vr:NOR ...

Con$b'lIction Trndc, 8angaJon:
Institute for Solid Waste Research & Ecological Bakmce, DR N. BI-'.... NUM ...TlllDAS
Yisakhapat:lam SHRI N. K"'LIO... s (Alrt:rnClle)

Madras Cements Ltd, Chennai SUK! V. JA{;ANATlI"'N

SUK! S AtAll K. MOOKlllY (Alumate)

Military Engi neer Services, Engineer.in-Chief's Branch. 51111.1 J. B. SH"'IIM'"

Aony Headquancrs, New Delhi SIlMI YOOli.SlI SINGHAL (Altunalt:)

Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi SHRI A. N. DIIOIAA.PI\.,\R

SilK! S. K. PuK! (A/lmlD/e)

National Coun.;;1 for Cement and Building Materials, SIIRI R. C. W ASOl!

Ballabgarh DR M. M. Au (AllmJaU)
National Test House, Kolk:lIa SURI B. R. MF£'IA
SURIMATI S. A. K"'USIIIL (Alu·rnatt:)

Nuclear Power Corporation or India Ltd, Mumbai SURI U. S. P. V'eRM'"

StlK! AJtVU;o StllU\'ATAVA (Altemau)

OCL India Limited. New Delhi DR S. C. AHLUW... U...

Puhlic Works Depanment, Government of Mllhamshtra, Mumbai REI'llESr""'T.\TIV E

Publi c Works Department, Government of Tamil Nadu, Chennai S UPEJUNrr.NO!r-;a Er-;G!NEEIl (D"-~!u.'i)
ExECUl1VJ;; ENGrt;FJiR (Allema/e)

Research. Design & Standards Organization (Ministry of Railways), SIIKI R. M. SH ... RMA
Lucknow V. K. Y AIAA.V... (AItt:rfUlle)
StlRI

Sanghi Indumies Limi('d, Sanghi Nagar, Ranga R~ddy District SIIM1 D. B. N. RAO
DR H. K. PA:I'l!iIIK (Allunatt:)
Sardar Sam"ar Narmada Nigam Limited. Di~t Nannada CtUf.l' ENGINEER (NAva ......1 DAM)
SUI'IORINlWDlNG &iGl""&Il (Alternate)
Sl!1Ictural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR) , Chennai SHRI A. CllIiU .... PP... r-r
SIiRl J. Plt ... IIH... KAR (Allematd
1be Indil Cements Li:nited, Chennai StiR! S. GoPsNATIt
SIIR! R. ARUNACHAI.AM (Altemutt:)

The Indian Hume Pipe Company Limited, Mllmbai SIIIU P. D. K~LI{"'R

SHRI S. J. SIIAH (A lternate)

The Ins titution of Engineers (India), Kolkata DR H. C. VlSV!iSV... otAYA

SIIRl BAUlIM SISGII (Allemate)
Ultra Tech Cement Ud. Mumbai SIIIII SUIlRATO CtlO'oVOHUIIY
StiRl Bi5WAJrT DIIAR (Allema/e)

10
 IS 3370 (Part 2) : 2009

OrganiWliun . R lIItunrative(s)
Voluntary Organization in Interest of Consu'mer JMi¥Pfiw!~ - r SHR! ~4 MAR
New Dclbi
BIS Di n:ctorate General SUR! A. K. S;.." '!. Scientist 'F' & Head (Ci\' Engg)
[Represeming Director General (Ex-officiol ]

Memba Secrt!taries
SHRl S,<.N)AY PAST
Scientist 'E' & Director (Ci\' Engg). SIS
SIIR! S. ARUN KUMAR
Scientis: 'B' (Ci\' Engg). SIS

j
Concrete Subcommittee, CEO 2 ; 2

Delhi Tourism & Transportatio n Development Corporntion SIIRI JUSE KURIAN (CO/miner)
Ud, New Delhi
Ace Ltd, Mwnltai SH~l AN!!.. SANCllllOR
SURI P. BAN!XJrADHYAY (A/urnme)
Atomic Energy Regulatory Board. Mumbai DR P!tAB/R C. BASU
SHRl L. R. BISHNO! (Alternate)
Building Materials and Technology Promotion Council. SUR! J. K. PRASAD
New Delhi SHRI PASKAJ GUPTA (Alternatel
Central Building Research Institute (CSIR), Roorkee DR S. K . RAU
DR S, K. AGARWAL (Alternate)

Central Public Works Department. New Delhi SUPERINTENIJING ENGINEER (DESIGN)

ExI:umvE El'GINEER (DES!GN) (Alurnal~)

Central Road Resean:h Institute «('SIR). New Delhi DR RENU MATHUR

SHRl SATAN[}ER KUMAR (Alternau)
Central Soil & Materials Research Station. New Delhi SIIRI MUR/lJU RATNAM
SHRI N. CnANflRASEKIIrlRAN (Alfemale)

Cent,.,.1 Water Commi •• ion. New Delhi DIRECI"OR (C&MDD)

DEP\JTY DlRHClllR (C&MDD) (AII~rna/e)

Engineers India Limir",d. N",w Delhi SHRI AI'VINP KUMI,R

SHR. T. BALRAJ (Allernate)

Fly Ash Unit, Department of Science and Technology. Oil V!MAL KUMAR
Ministry of Science & Technology, New Delhi SIlR! MUKESII MATIlUR (Allemate)

Gammon Indh Limited. Mumbai SHJ(I S. A. RIillDl

DR N. K. NAYAK (Alternate)
Grasim Industries Ud. Mumbai SHR! A. K. JAIN
SUR! M. C. AGRAWAl (Allemat!')
Gujarat Ambuja Cement Limited. Ahmedabad SHRI C. M. DoWI
SHR] B. K. JAGlnlA (Altemau)
Indian Concrete Institute. Chemmi PROF M. S. SHEll..,.
SIIRJ L. N. Al'fF. (AlI!'rna/e)
Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 011. B. BIlAfl:ACHAIUf.E

Indian Institut: of Technology. Kanpur DR SUDHIR MISHRA

Indian lnstitut~ cfTcchnoiogy. Roorkee DR ASHO); KUMAR JAIN

Larsen and Toubro Limitt"d, Chennai DR B. S!VAR""!A SARMA

SHKI Kllm~l.Joy J. D . ERI<fST (AltemaJe)
Military Engineer Se:vices. Engincer-in-Chief's Branch, BRn; R . K. GUI'!"A
Anny Headquarters, New Delhi COL V. K. BADGLA (Allemate)

II
IS 3370 (part 2) : 2009

Organizali()n Repuuntnlil'e(s)
Ministry of Road Transport ~nd Highways. New Delhi SUR! T. B. BAN!OllJEIi
SHRJ KAMLr,sH KUMAR (Alternate)
National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited. SIIKl L. P. StNGH
New Delhi SHRJ OARSMAN SINGH (Allemate)
National Council for Cement & Building Materials. SHK! R. C. WASON
Ballabgarh SHRJ H. K. IULK ... (Allemate)
Nationallnslitute of Technology. Warangal OK C. B. l0.MESW ... RA R... o
OR D. R... MA SI'.~'iU (Allernale)
Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited. Mumbai SHRJ U. S. P. VERMA
SHRl ARvu.-u SHRtVA"AVA (Allemate)
Pidilite Industries Limited. Mumbai SHKI P. L. PATRY
SHRt K. PADMAKAK (A/Jemllte)
Ready Mixed Concrete Manufacturers' Association. Bangalore SHRI VUAYKUMAK R. KUI.K"RNI
Research, Design & Standards Org~nization (Ministry of Railways), JOINT DIRF.aoR STMIUARDS (B&S)lCB·1
Lucknow JOINT DtRF.croR S',"A,'1UARIIS (B&S)lCB-ll (AI/emate)

Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSIR), Chennai SHRI T. S. K!!JSHNAM()OR'IlIY

SHRI K. SAU,SUURAMA"IMI (Allemale)
Tandon COnSUIUlJlIS Private Limited. New Delhi SHKI MAHf.SH TA"OON
SHKI VINAY GUM'A (Allemate)
TCE Consulting Engineers Limited, Mumbai SHRI J. P. HARAN
SHKI S. M. PMJ:KAR (Altemale)
Torsteel Research Foundation in India. New Delhi DR P. C. ClIOWtJllURY
DR C. S. VlSHWANI\TM (Altemate)
In personal capacity (.35, Park. AI'tllue. Ann(l1111'I(,. DR C. RAJKUM"R
Naicker Slrut, Kuniamulhu,.. CoimbalOt?)
In personal capacity (.36. Old Sneh Nagar: "urdha Road.
Nagpur)

Panel for Revision of IS 3370 (Parts I and 2), CEO 2 : UPl

National Council for Cement and Building Material. DR ANII. KUMAR (COnl'ener be/I),.e 18 Oc/aber 2006)
Ballabgarn
In personal capacity (36, Old Stleh Nagar: J.\\:Irdha Road. SIIRI LAUT KUMAR JAIN (Convener since 18 OClober 2006)
Nagpur)
Central Road Research Institute (CSIR), New Delhi DIRECTOR
SHRI SATANDIJI KUM"R (Allerrwte)
Delhi Tourism and Transponation Developmcllt Corporation SHKI JOSE KURIAN
Ltd. New Delhi
Gammon India Ltd. Mumbai SHRI S. A. REonl
Indian Institute of Techllology. New Delhi DR S. N. SINHA

Indian Institute of Technology. Roorkee DR A~HOK K. J"II<

Military Engineer Services. Engineer-i n·Chiers Branch. SHRI 1. B. SHARMA

Amy Headquarters. New Delhi SIiKt YOGl'.S1I K. SI1>'GI1Al. (AiterrUlfe)
National Council for Cement and Building Material. SIlRt H. K. luLHA
Bal1abgarh SIlRI R. C. WASON (Allemate)
School of Plann ing and Architecture, New Delhi DR V. TltlRUVENG....lAM

Structural Engineering Research Centre (CSlR). Chenn.:li SHRI T. S. KRlSIINhMOOR1llY

SHR! K. BAU.5UURAMANIAN (AlteflUllt)
TCE Consulting Engineers Limited, Mumbai SIIRI S. M. P"'IU::"'R
SHRJ S. KIUSHNA (Allemalt')
In personal capacit)' (K·U2, Kayi Naga r: Ghaziabm/) DR A. K. MmAL

12

GMGlPN-140 eISINOJ09.-300