Conformal Mapping

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Conformal Mapping
Let γ : [a, b] → C be a smooth curve in a domain D. Let f (z) be a function
defined at all points z on γ. Let C denotes the image of γ under the
transformation w = f (z). The parametric equation of C is given by
C (t) = w (t) = f (γ(t)), t ∈ [a, b].
Suppose that γ passes through z0 = γ(t0 ), (a < t0 < b) at which f is
analytic and f 0 (z0 ) 6= 0. Then
w 0 (t0 ) = f 0 (γ(t0 ))γ 0 (t0 ) = f 0 (z0 )γ 0 (t0 ).
That means
arg w 0 (t0 ) = arg f 0 (z0 ) + arg γ 0 (t0 ).

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Conformal Mapping
Let C1 , C2 : [a, b] → C be two smooth curves in a domain D passing through
z0 . Then by above we have
arg w10 (t0 ) = arg f 0 (z0 ) + arg C10 (t0 ) and arg w20 (t0 ) = arg f 0 (z0 ) + arg C20 (t0 )
that means
arg w20 (t0 ) − arg w10 (t0 ) = arg C20 (t0 ) − arg C10 (t0 ).

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Conformal Mapping

Definition: A transformation w = f (z) is said to be conformal if it preserves

angel between oriented curves in magnitude as well as in orientation.
Note: From the above observation if f is analytic in a domain D and z0 ∈ D
with f 0 (z0 ) 6= 0 then f is conformal at z0 .
Let f (z) = z̄. Then f is not a conformal map as it preserves only the
magnitude of the angle between the two smooth curves but not
orientation. Such transformations are called isogonal mapping.
Let f (z) = e z . Then f is a conformal at every point in C as
f 0 (z) = f (z) = e z 6= 0 for each z ∈ C.
Let f (z) = sin z. Then f is a conformal map on C \ {(2n + 1) π2 : n ∈ Z}.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Conformal Mapping

Definition: A transformation w = f (z) is said to be conformal if it preserves

angel between oriented curves in magnitude as well as in orientation.
Note: From the above observation if f is analytic in a domain D and z0 ∈ D
with f 0 (z0 ) 6= 0 then f is conformal at z0 .
Let f (z) = z̄. Then f is not a conformal map as it preserves only the
magnitude of the angle between the two smooth curves but not
orientation. Such transformations are called isogonal mapping.
Let f (z) = e z . Then f is a conformal at every point in C as
f 0 (z) = f (z) = e z 6= 0 for each z ∈ C.
Let f (z) = sin z. Then f is a conformal map on C \ {(2n + 1) π2 : n ∈ Z}.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Conformal Mapping

Definition: A transformation w = f (z) is said to be conformal if it preserves

angel between oriented curves in magnitude as well as in orientation.
Note: From the above observation if f is analytic in a domain D and z0 ∈ D
with f 0 (z0 ) 6= 0 then f is conformal at z0 .
Let f (z) = z̄. Then f is not a conformal map as it preserves only the
magnitude of the angle between the two smooth curves but not
orientation. Such transformations are called isogonal mapping.
Let f (z) = e z . Then f is a conformal at every point in C as
f 0 (z) = f (z) = e z 6= 0 for each z ∈ C.
Let f (z) = sin z. Then f is a conformal map on C \ {(2n + 1) π2 : n ∈ Z}.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Conformal Mapping

Definition: A transformation w = f (z) is said to be conformal if it preserves

angel between oriented curves in magnitude as well as in orientation.
Note: From the above observation if f is analytic in a domain D and z0 ∈ D
with f 0 (z0 ) 6= 0 then f is conformal at z0 .
Let f (z) = z̄. Then f is not a conformal map as it preserves only the
magnitude of the angle between the two smooth curves but not
orientation. Such transformations are called isogonal mapping.
Let f (z) = e z . Then f is a conformal at every point in C as
f 0 (z) = f (z) = e z 6= 0 for each z ∈ C.
Let f (z) = sin z. Then f is a conformal map on C \ {(2n + 1) π2 : n ∈ Z}.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Conformal Mapping

Definition: A transformation w = f (z) is said to be conformal if it preserves

angel between oriented curves in magnitude as well as in orientation.
Note: From the above observation if f is analytic in a domain D and z0 ∈ D
with f 0 (z0 ) 6= 0 then f is conformal at z0 .
Let f (z) = z̄. Then f is not a conformal map as it preserves only the
magnitude of the angle between the two smooth curves but not
orientation. Such transformations are called isogonal mapping.
Let f (z) = e z . Then f is a conformal at every point in C as
f 0 (z) = f (z) = e z 6= 0 for each z ∈ C.
Let f (z) = sin z. Then f is a conformal map on C \ {(2n + 1) π2 : n ∈ Z}.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Scale Factors
Definition: If f is analytic at z0 and f 0 (z0 ) = 0 then the point z0 is called a
critical point of f .
The behavior of an analytic function in a neighborhood of critical point is given
by the following theorem:
Theorem: Let f be analytic at z0 . If f 0 (z0 ) = · · · = f (k−1) (z0 ) = 0 and
f k (z0 ) 6= 0, then the mapping w = f (z) magnifies the angle at the vertex z0 by
a factor k.
Proof. Since f is analytic at z0 we have
1
f (z) = f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )f 0 (z0 ) + (z − z0 )2 f 00 (z0 ) + · · ·
 2! 
1 k 1
= f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )k f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )f k+1 (z0 ) + · · ·
k! (k + 1)!
= f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )k g (z) (say)
That means
f (z) − f (z0 ) = (z − z0 )k g (z)
and
arg (w − w0 ) = arg (f (z) − f (z0 )) = k arg (z − z0 ) + arg g (z).

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Scale Factors
Definition: If f is analytic at z0 and f 0 (z0 ) = 0 then the point z0 is called a
critical point of f .
The behavior of an analytic function in a neighborhood of critical point is given
by the following theorem:
Theorem: Let f be analytic at z0 . If f 0 (z0 ) = · · · = f (k−1) (z0 ) = 0 and
f k (z0 ) 6= 0, then the mapping w = f (z) magnifies the angle at the vertex z0 by
a factor k.
Proof. Since f is analytic at z0 we have
1
f (z) = f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )f 0 (z0 ) + (z − z0 )2 f 00 (z0 ) + · · ·
 2! 
1 k 1
= f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )k f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )f k+1 (z0 ) + · · ·
k! (k + 1)!
= f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )k g (z) (say)
That means
f (z) − f (z0 ) = (z − z0 )k g (z)
and
arg (w − w0 ) = arg (f (z) − f (z0 )) = k arg (z − z0 ) + arg g (z).

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Scale Factors
Definition: If f is analytic at z0 and f 0 (z0 ) = 0 then the point z0 is called a
critical point of f .
The behavior of an analytic function in a neighborhood of critical point is given
by the following theorem:
Theorem: Let f be analytic at z0 . If f 0 (z0 ) = · · · = f (k−1) (z0 ) = 0 and
f k (z0 ) 6= 0, then the mapping w = f (z) magnifies the angle at the vertex z0 by
a factor k.
Proof. Since f is analytic at z0 we have
1
f (z) = f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )f 0 (z0 ) + (z − z0 )2 f 00 (z0 ) + · · ·
 2! 
1 k 1
= f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )k f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )f k+1 (z0 ) + · · ·
k! (k + 1)!
= f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )k g (z) (say)
That means
f (z) − f (z0 ) = (z − z0 )k g (z)
and
arg (w − w0 ) = arg (f (z) − f (z0 )) = k arg (z − z0 ) + arg g (z).

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Scale Factors
Definition: If f is analytic at z0 and f 0 (z0 ) = 0 then the point z0 is called a
critical point of f .
The behavior of an analytic function in a neighborhood of critical point is given
by the following theorem:
Theorem: Let f be analytic at z0 . If f 0 (z0 ) = · · · = f (k−1) (z0 ) = 0 and
f k (z0 ) 6= 0, then the mapping w = f (z) magnifies the angle at the vertex z0 by
a factor k.
Proof. Since f is analytic at z0 we have
1
f (z) = f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )f 0 (z0 ) + (z − z0 )2 f 00 (z0 ) + · · ·
 2! 
1 k 1
= f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )k f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )f k+1 (z0 ) + · · ·
k! (k + 1)!
= f (z0 ) + (z − z0 )k g (z) (say)
That means
f (z) − f (z0 ) = (z − z0 )k g (z)
and
arg (w − w0 ) = arg (f (z) − f (z0 )) = k arg (z − z0 ) + arg g (z).

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Scale Factors

Let C1 , C2 be two smooth curves passing through z0 .

Let the image curves be K1 = f (C1 ) and K2 = f (C2 ).
If z1 is a variable points approaching to z0 along C1 , then w1 = f (z1 ) will
approach to w0 = f (z0 ) along the image curves K1 .
Similarly if z2 is a variable points approaching to z0 along C2 , then
w2 = f (z2 ) will approach to w0 = f (z0 ) along the image curves K2
Let θ and Φ be the angle between C1 , C2 at z0 and between K1 , K2 at
f (z0 ) respectively.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Scale Factors
Then
 
f (z1 ) − f (z0 )
Φ = lim arg
z1 ,z2 →z0 f (z2 ) − f (z0 )
(z1 − z0 )k g (z1 )
 
= lim arg
z1 ,z2 →z0 (z2 − z0 )k g (z2 )
 
z1 − z0 g (z1 )
= lim k arg + arg
z1 ,z2 →z0 z2 − z0 g (z2 )
= kθ.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Scale Factors

Question: Find the image of the unit square

S = {x + iy : 0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1} under the map w = f (z) = z 2 ?
Answer: The map f (z) is conformal at all z 6= 0. So the vertices
z1 = 1, z2 = 1 + i and z3 = i are mapped onto right angles at he vertices
w1 = 1, w2 = 2i and w3 = i. But f 00 (0) = 2 6= 0. so the angle at the vertex z0
is magnified by the factor 2.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Scale Factors

Question: Find the image of the unit square

S = {x + iy : 0 < x < 1, 0 < y < 1} under the map w = f (z) = z 2 ?
Answer: The map f (z) is conformal at all z 6= 0. So the vertices
z1 = 1, z2 = 1 + i and z3 = i are mapped onto right angles at he vertices
w1 = 1, w2 = 2i and w3 = i. But f 00 (0) = 2 6= 0. so the angle at the vertex z0
is magnified by the factor 2.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended complex plane and Riemann Sphere
Let S 2 denote the unit sphere x12 + x22 + x32 = 1 in R 3 and let
N = (0, 0, 1) denote the ”north pole” of S 2 . Identify C with
{(x1 , x2 , 0) : x1 , x2 ∈ R} so that C cuts S 2 in the equator.
For each z ∈ C consider the straight line in R3 through z and N. This
straight line intersects the sphere in exactly one point Z 6= N.
Question: What happens to Z as |z| → ∞?
Answer: The point Z approaches N.
Hence we identify N with the point ∞ in C∞ = C ∪ {∞}. Thus the
extended complex plane C∞ is represented as the sphere S 2 is known as
Riemann Sphere.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended complex plane and Riemann Sphere
Let S 2 denote the unit sphere x12 + x22 + x32 = 1 in R 3 and let
N = (0, 0, 1) denote the ”north pole” of S 2 . Identify C with
{(x1 , x2 , 0) : x1 , x2 ∈ R} so that C cuts S 2 in the equator.
For each z ∈ C consider the straight line in R3 through z and N. This
straight line intersects the sphere in exactly one point Z 6= N.
Question: What happens to Z as |z| → ∞?
Answer: The point Z approaches N.
Hence we identify N with the point ∞ in C∞ = C ∪ {∞}. Thus the
extended complex plane C∞ is represented as the sphere S 2 is known as
Riemann Sphere.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended complex plane and Riemann Sphere
Let S 2 denote the unit sphere x12 + x22 + x32 = 1 in R 3 and let
N = (0, 0, 1) denote the ”north pole” of S 2 . Identify C with
{(x1 , x2 , 0) : x1 , x2 ∈ R} so that C cuts S 2 in the equator.
For each z ∈ C consider the straight line in R3 through z and N. This
straight line intersects the sphere in exactly one point Z 6= N.
Question: What happens to Z as |z| → ∞?
Answer: The point Z approaches N.
Hence we identify N with the point ∞ in C∞ = C ∪ {∞}. Thus the
extended complex plane C∞ is represented as the sphere S 2 is known as
Riemann Sphere.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended complex plane and Riemann Sphere
Let S 2 denote the unit sphere x12 + x22 + x32 = 1 in R 3 and let
N = (0, 0, 1) denote the ”north pole” of S 2 . Identify C with
{(x1 , x2 , 0) : x1 , x2 ∈ R} so that C cuts S 2 in the equator.
For each z ∈ C consider the straight line in R3 through z and N. This
straight line intersects the sphere in exactly one point Z 6= N.
Question: What happens to Z as |z| → ∞?
Answer: The point Z approaches N.
Hence we identify N with the point ∞ in C∞ = C ∪ {∞}. Thus the
extended complex plane C∞ is represented as the sphere S 2 is known as
Riemann Sphere.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Let z = x + iy ∈ C and let Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) be the corresponding point

on S 2 .
We want to find X1 , X2 and X3 in terms of x and y .
The parametric equation of straight line in R3 through z and N is given by

{tN + (1 − t)z : t ∈ R} i.e. {((1 − t)x, (1 − t)y , t) : t ∈ R}.

Since this line intersects S 2 at Z = ((1 − t0 )x, (1 − t0 )y , t0 ), we have

x2 + y2 − 1
1 = (1 − t0 )2 x 2 + (1 − t0 )2 y 2 + t02 =⇒ t0 = .
x2 + y2 + 1
Thus,
2x 2y x2 + y2 − 1
X1 = , X2 = and X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Let z = x + iy ∈ C and let Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) be the corresponding point

on S 2 .
We want to find X1 , X2 and X3 in terms of x and y .
The parametric equation of straight line in R3 through z and N is given by

{tN + (1 − t)z : t ∈ R} i.e. {((1 − t)x, (1 − t)y , t) : t ∈ R}.

Since this line intersects S 2 at Z = ((1 − t0 )x, (1 − t0 )y , t0 ), we have

x2 + y2 − 1
1 = (1 − t0 )2 x 2 + (1 − t0 )2 y 2 + t02 =⇒ t0 = .
x2 + y2 + 1
Thus,
2x 2y x2 + y2 − 1
X1 = , X2 = and X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Let z = x + iy ∈ C and let Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) be the corresponding point

on S 2 .
We want to find X1 , X2 and X3 in terms of x and y .
The parametric equation of straight line in R3 through z and N is given by

{tN + (1 − t)z : t ∈ R} i.e. {((1 − t)x, (1 − t)y , t) : t ∈ R}.

Since this line intersects S 2 at Z = ((1 − t0 )x, (1 − t0 )y , t0 ), we have

x2 + y2 − 1
1 = (1 − t0 )2 x 2 + (1 − t0 )2 y 2 + t02 =⇒ t0 = .
x2 + y2 + 1
Thus,
2x 2y x2 + y2 − 1
X1 = , X2 = and X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Let z = x + iy ∈ C and let Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) be the corresponding point

on S 2 .
We want to find X1 , X2 and X3 in terms of x and y .
The parametric equation of straight line in R3 through z and N is given by

{tN + (1 − t)z : t ∈ R} i.e. {((1 − t)x, (1 − t)y , t) : t ∈ R}.

Since this line intersects S 2 at Z = ((1 − t0 )x, (1 − t0 )y , t0 ), we have

x2 + y2 − 1
1 = (1 − t0 )2 x 2 + (1 − t0 )2 y 2 + t02 =⇒ t0 = .
x2 + y2 + 1
Thus,
2x 2y x2 + y2 − 1
X1 = , X2 = and X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Let z = x + iy ∈ C and let Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) be the corresponding point

on S 2 .
We want to find X1 , X2 and X3 in terms of x and y .
The parametric equation of straight line in R3 through z and N is given by

{tN + (1 − t)z : t ∈ R} i.e. {((1 − t)x, (1 − t)y , t) : t ∈ R}.

Since this line intersects S 2 at Z = ((1 − t0 )x, (1 − t0 )y , t0 ), we have

x2 + y2 − 1
1 = (1 − t0 )2 x 2 + (1 − t0 )2 y 2 + t02 =⇒ t0 = .
x2 + y2 + 1
Thus,
2x 2y x2 + y2 − 1
X1 = , X2 = and X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1 x2 + y2 + 1

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Now we will write x and y in terms of X1 , X2 and X3 .

From the last observation that
2
1 − X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1

Given the point Z ∈ S 2 the corresponding point z = x + iy ∈ C is

X1 X2
x= and y = .
1 − X3 1 − X3

The correspondence between S 2 and C∞ defined by

Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) 7→ z = (x + iy )

is called stereographic projection.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Now we will write x and y in terms of X1 , X2 and X3 .

From the last observation that
2
1 − X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1

Given the point Z ∈ S 2 the corresponding point z = x + iy ∈ C is

X1 X2
x= and y = .
1 − X3 1 − X3

The correspondence between S 2 and C∞ defined by

Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) 7→ z = (x + iy )

is called stereographic projection.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Now we will write x and y in terms of X1 , X2 and X3 .

From the last observation that
2
1 − X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1

Given the point Z ∈ S 2 the corresponding point z = x + iy ∈ C is

X1 X2
x= and y = .
1 − X3 1 − X3

The correspondence between S 2 and C∞ defined by

Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) 7→ z = (x + iy )

is called stereographic projection.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

The extended plane and its spherical representation

Now we will write x and y in terms of X1 , X2 and X3 .

From the last observation that
2
1 − X3 = .
x2 + y2 + 1

Given the point Z ∈ S 2 the corresponding point z = x + iy ∈ C is

X1 X2
x= and y = .
1 − X3 1 − X3

The correspondence between S 2 and C∞ defined by

Z = (X1 , X2 , X3 ) 7→ z = (x + iy )

is called stereographic projection.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

If a, b, c and d are complex constants such that ad − bc 6= 0, then the function

az + b
w = S(z) =
cz + d
is called a Möbius transformation. It is also known as a bilinear transformation
or a linear fractional transformation.
Observation:
Every Möbius transformation is a conformal map.
(cz + d)a − c(az + b) ad − bc
S 0 (z) = = 6= 0.
(cz + d)2 (cz + d)2

The map S is analytic on C \ {− dc }.

Composition of two Möbius transformation is a Möbius transformation.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

If a, b, c and d are complex constants such that ad − bc 6= 0, then the function

az + b
w = S(z) =
cz + d
is called a Möbius transformation. It is also known as a bilinear transformation
or a linear fractional transformation.
Observation:
Every Möbius transformation is a conformal map.
(cz + d)a − c(az + b) ad − bc
S 0 (z) = = 6= 0.
(cz + d)2 (cz + d)2

The map S is analytic on C \ {− dc }.

Composition of two Möbius transformation is a Möbius transformation.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

If a, b, c and d are complex constants such that ad − bc 6= 0, then the function

az + b
w = S(z) =
cz + d
is called a Möbius transformation. It is also known as a bilinear transformation
or a linear fractional transformation.
Observation:
Every Möbius transformation is a conformal map.
(cz + d)a − c(az + b) ad − bc
S 0 (z) = = 6= 0.
(cz + d)2 (cz + d)2

The map S is analytic on C \ {− dc }.

Composition of two Möbius transformation is a Möbius transformation.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

If a, b, c and d are complex constants such that ad − bc 6= 0, then the function

az + b
w = S(z) =
cz + d
is called a Möbius transformation. It is also known as a bilinear transformation
or a linear fractional transformation.
Observation:
Every Möbius transformation is a conformal map.
(cz + d)a − c(az + b) ad − bc
S 0 (z) = = 6= 0.
(cz + d)2 (cz + d)2

The map S is analytic on C \ {− dc }.

Composition of two Möbius transformation is a Möbius transformation.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

−dw + b
Define T (w ) = then SoT (w ) = w and ToS(z) = z. So S is
cw − a
−1
invertible and S = T .
The map S : C \ {− dc } → C \ {− ca } is one one and onto. If we define
a
S(− dc ) = ∞ and S(∞) = , then
c
S : C ∪ {∞} → C ∪ {∞}

is a bijection.
Types of Möbius transformations:
Let a ∈ C. Then S(z) = z + a is called translation map.
Let 0 6= a ∈ C. Then S(z) = az is called dilation map. (If |a| < 1, S is
called contraction map and if |a| > 1, S is called expansion map.)
Let θ ∈ R. Then S(z) = e iθ z is called rotation map.
1
The map S(z) = z
is called inversion map.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

−dw + b
Define T (w ) = then SoT (w ) = w and ToS(z) = z. So S is
cw − a
−1
invertible and S = T .
The map S : C \ {− dc } → C \ {− ca } is one one and onto. If we define
a
S(− dc ) = ∞ and S(∞) = , then
c
S : C ∪ {∞} → C ∪ {∞}

is a bijection.
Types of Möbius transformations:
Let a ∈ C. Then S(z) = z + a is called translation map.
Let 0 6= a ∈ C. Then S(z) = az is called dilation map. (If |a| < 1, S is
called contraction map and if |a| > 1, S is called expansion map.)
Let θ ∈ R. Then S(z) = e iθ z is called rotation map.
1
The map S(z) = z
is called inversion map.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

−dw + b
Define T (w ) = then SoT (w ) = w and ToS(z) = z. So S is
cw − a
−1
invertible and S = T .
The map S : C \ {− dc } → C \ {− ca } is one one and onto. If we define
a
S(− dc ) = ∞ and S(∞) = , then
c
S : C ∪ {∞} → C ∪ {∞}

is a bijection.
Types of Möbius transformations:
Let a ∈ C. Then S(z) = z + a is called translation map.
Let 0 6= a ∈ C. Then S(z) = az is called dilation map. (If |a| < 1, S is
called contraction map and if |a| > 1, S is called expansion map.)
Let θ ∈ R. Then S(z) = e iθ z is called rotation map.
1
The map S(z) = z
is called inversion map.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

−dw + b
Define T (w ) = then SoT (w ) = w and ToS(z) = z. So S is
cw − a
−1
invertible and S = T .
The map S : C \ {− dc } → C \ {− ca } is one one and onto. If we define
a
S(− dc ) = ∞ and S(∞) = , then
c
S : C ∪ {∞} → C ∪ {∞}

is a bijection.
Types of Möbius transformations:
Let a ∈ C. Then S(z) = z + a is called translation map.
Let 0 6= a ∈ C. Then S(z) = az is called dilation map. (If |a| < 1, S is
called contraction map and if |a| > 1, S is called expansion map.)
Let θ ∈ R. Then S(z) = e iθ z is called rotation map.
1
The map S(z) = z
is called inversion map.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

−dw + b
Define T (w ) = then SoT (w ) = w and ToS(z) = z. So S is
cw − a
−1
invertible and S = T .
The map S : C \ {− dc } → C \ {− ca } is one one and onto. If we define
a
S(− dc ) = ∞ and S(∞) = , then
c
S : C ∪ {∞} → C ∪ {∞}

is a bijection.
Types of Möbius transformations:
Let a ∈ C. Then S(z) = z + a is called translation map.
Let 0 6= a ∈ C. Then S(z) = az is called dilation map. (If |a| < 1, S is
called contraction map and if |a| > 1, S is called expansion map.)
Let θ ∈ R. Then S(z) = e iθ z is called rotation map.
1
The map S(z) = z
is called inversion map.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping

Möbius transformations

−dw + b
Define T (w ) = then SoT (w ) = w and ToS(z) = z. So S is
cw − a
−1
invertible and S = T .
The map S : C \ {− dc } → C \ {− ca } is one one and onto. If we define
a
S(− dc ) = ∞ and S(∞) = , then
c
S : C ∪ {∞} → C ∪ {∞}

is a bijection.
Types of Möbius transformations:
Let a ∈ C. Then S(z) = z + a is called translation map.
Let 0 6= a ∈ C. Then S(z) = az is called dilation map. (If |a| < 1, S is
called contraction map and if |a| > 1, S is called expansion map.)
Let θ ∈ R. Then S(z) = e iθ z is called rotation map.
1
The map S(z) = z
is called inversion map.

Lecture 20 Conformal Mapping