Dylan Liwanag – 1Com-2

Timeline of Philippine Prehistory

Paleolithic Period/Old Stone Age

450,000 – 6000 B.C.

Callao Human Remains (Homo luzonensis) -the small-bodied hominin, identified from seven teeth and six

Callao Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan small bones, lived on the island of Luzon at least 50,000 to

c. 65,000-48,000 B.P. 67,000 years ago

-the archaeologist Armand Mijares was the project leader of the

team that discovered the remains

Flake Tools -these stone tools were the earliest implements made during the

16,000-8000 B.C. Paleolithic period and were used as knives and scrapers

Espinosa Ranch Site, Cagayan

Skull Cap -one of the earliest human remains in the archipelago that belongs
 Tabon Cave, Quezon Palawan to a female estimated to be 22,000 years old

14,500 B.C. -discovered with a right mandible and teeth in Tabon Cave,

Palawan by Robert Fox of the National Museum

Neolithic Period/New Stone Age

6000 – 2000 B.C.

Stone and Shell Adzes -these are ground and polished stone tools, the stone implements

Cagayan, Palawan, Isabela and Pampanga are associated with thunder and lightning

2680 B.C. -shell adzes were fashioned from hinges of giant clams

Shell Bracelets and Pendants -in the early days, shells were fashioned into tools and ornaments

Cagayan, Palawan and Sorsogon -shells of giant clams were fashioned into large spherical beads

4854 B.C. with holes drilled end to end at the center while pendants for the

ear were ground from cone shells

Angono Petroglyphs -these were found at the boundary of Angono and Binangonan,
 Angono, Rizal Rizal Province

2000 B.C. -it is a rock shelter about 63 meters wide, 8 meters deep and 5

meters at its highest point

-127 human figures were engraved on the wall, this rock art is

closely linked with a system of belief and are symbolic

Bark-Cloth Beater -it is a stone used for the preparation of bark cloth

Arku Cave, Peñablanca, Cagayan -early man in Palawan fashioned the beaters from cylindrical

1255-605 B.C. stones and used them for pounding the bark to loosen the pulp

from the fiber

Manunggul Jar -it was used as a secondary burial jar

Manunggul Cave, Lipuun Point, Palawan -the top of the jar lid features a boat with two human figures

895-775 B.C. representing two souls on a voyage to the afterlife

-it signifies the belief of early Filipinos in life after death

Metal Age

2000 B.C. – 1000 A.D.

Duyong Cave, Palawan -one of the finest jade ornaments found to date in the Philippines

is the double-headed pendant recovered from Duyong Cave

Bronze Socketed Adzes and Moulds -socketed adzes made from bronze were characteristic of the

Palawan, Tawi-Tawi and Batangas Early Metal Age

300-500 B.C. -recovered clay moulds for casting bronze adzes indicate that

damaged bronze implements were reused to make socketed adzes

Anthropomorphic Pots -these earthenware pots resembling human figures were used as

Ayub Cave, Saranggani Province secondary burial and they all portray different kinds of facial

5 B.C. – 225 A.D. expressions on their head-shaped covers

Butuan Boat -the Butuan boat is an edged-pegged plank type of boat

Libertad, Butuan City -the boat seats 25 people and was built to withstand long-distance

320 A.D. voyages

-it serves as evidence of a flourishing maritime trade during that

time period
 Age of Contact with the Great Traditions of Asia

1000 A.D.

Butuan Ivory Seal -an ivory stamp seal associated with a shell midden dated 9th-12th

Libertad, Butuan City century was found in Libertad, Butuan City

1002 A.D. -inscribed on the seal is the word “Butban” in stylized Kavi

-the seal could have been used for documentation in trading

Gold Death-Mask -before the coming of the Spaniards, early inhabitants used gold

Oton, Iloilo ornaments for the dead

1300-1400 A.D. -the burial practice of covering the eyes, nose and mouth of the

dead with sheets of gold is a custom of the southern Chinese

practiced by a limited group of Filipinos

-it is believed that when the face of the dead is covered with a

gold mask, evil spirits cannot enter the body

Banton Cloth -the Banton cloth is the earliest known warp ikat (tie-resist

Banton Island, Romblon dyeing) textile in Southeast Asia

1400-1500 A.D.
 References

- National Museum. “National Museum Archaeological Collection.” Nationalmuseum.gov.ph.

https://www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph/nationalmuseumbeta/Collections/Archaeology.html (accessed September 17, 2019)

- Greshko, Michael, and Maya Wei-Haas. “New species of ancient human discovered in the Philippines.”

Nationalgeographic.com. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/2019/04/new-species-ancient-human-discovered-luzon-

philippines-homo-luzonensis/ (accessed September 17, 2019)