Dr.

Yasir Qayyum Gill

Assistant Professor
Semester Coordinator
Room No. 116, Departme

Q: 1. Figure 1 depicts a stainless steel pipe whose inner and outer diameters are 20 mm and
25 mm, respectively; i.e., D1 = 20 mm and D2 = 25 mm. This pipe is covered with an insulation
material whose thickness is 35 mm. The temperature of the saturated vapor (steam) flowing
through the pipeline is Ts = 150°C, and the external and internal convective heat transfer
coefficients are, respectively, measured to be hi = 1,500 W/m2⋅K and h0 = 5 W/m2⋅K. Besides,
the thermal conductivity of the stainless steel and the insulation material are ks = 45 W/m⋅K and
ki = 0.065, respectively. If the ambient temperature is Ta = 25°C, 35 oC, 40 oC and45 oC,
determine the internal and external wall temperatures of the stainless steel pipe, T1 and T2 ,
and the exterior wall temperature of the insulation material, using MATLAB for the given
ambient
temperatures. Also plot the given ambient temperatures against the calculated T1, T2 and T3
values.
GIVEN DATA
D1=20/1000; Inner Diameter of stainless steel pipe from mm to meters
D2=25/1000; Outer Diameter of stainless steel pipe from mm to meters
Thi=35/1000; Thickness of insulation material from mm to meters
Ts=150+273; Temperature of steam from °C to Kelvin
hi=1500; Internal Heat transfer coefficient in W/m2.K
h0=5; outer heat transfer coefficients in W/m2.K
ks=45; Thermal conductivity of stainless steel in W/m.K
ki=0.065; Thermal conductivity of insulation material in W/m.k
Ta1=25+273;Given 1st Ambient temperatures from °C to Kelvin
Ta2=35+273;Given 2nd Ambient temperatures from °C to Kelvin
Ta3=40+273;Given 3rd Ambient temperatures from °C to Kelvin
Ta4=45+273; Given 4rth Ambient temperatures from °C to Kelvin
Ta=[Ta1 Ta2 Ta3 ];Array of all Ambient Temperatures
D3=D2+2*Thi; Total diameter of pipe insulating material

REQUIRED

We have to find the exterior wall

temperature of insulation T1,T2 and T3.
Plot graph between ambient temperature values and T1,T2, and T3
values.
SOLUTION

STEP=1
First we make the matrics from formulas giving
names A,T AND B.

A =[(2ks/log(D2/D1))+hi*D1 -(2*ks/log(D2/D1)) 0;
ks/log(D2/D1) -((ks/log(D2/D1))+(ki/log(D3/D2))) ki/log(D3/D2);
0 -2*ki/log(D3/D2) (2*ki/log(D3/D2))+h0*D3 ]

B1=[hi*D1*Ts 0 h0*D3*Ta1]
B2=[hi*D1*Ts 0 h0*D3*Ta2]
B3=[hi*D1*Ts 0 h0*D3*Ta3]
B4=[hi*D1*Ts 0 h0*D3*Ta4]

As we have to find exterior temperatures

A*T=B
T =B/A
A-1= Adj[A]/det[A]
as det should not be zero.
step=2
finding the temperatures by using the following
equations.

T1=A\B1
T2=A\B2
T3=A\B3
T4=A\B4

STEP=3
WE PLOT the graph between ambient temoeratures and calculated
temperatures.
RESULTS

STEP=4
%%Assignment 1
%
%MATLAB solution Written by:
%Group 10
%
%
%
%
%
%Given Parameters
%
D1=20/1000; %Inner Diameter of stainless steel pipe from mm to meters
D2=25/1000; %Outer Diameter of stainless steel pipe from mm to meters
Thi=35/1000; %Thickness of insulation material from mm to meters
Ts=150+273; %Temperature of steam from °C to Kelvin
hi=1500; %Internal Heat transfer coefficient in W/m2.K
h0=5; %outer heat transfer coefficients in W/m2.K
ks=45; %Thermal conductivity of stainless steel in W/m.K
ki=0.065; %Thermal conductivity of insulation material in W/m.k
Ta1=25+273;%Given 1st Ambient temperatures from °C to Kelvin
Ta2=35+273;%Given 2nd Ambient temperatures from °C to Kelvin
Ta3=40+273;%Given 3rd Ambient temperatures from °C to Kelvin
Ta4=45+273; %Given 4rth Ambient temperatures from °C to Kelvin
Ta=[Ta1 Ta2 Ta3 ]; %Array of all Ambient Temperatures
D3=D2+2*Thi; %Total diameter of pipe+insulating material
%
%
%To be required
% T1, T2, T3 values in kelvin
%Plot graph between ambient temperature values and T1,T2, and T3 values
%
%Matric A
A=[(2*ks/log(D2/D1))+hi*D1 -(2*ks/log(D2/D1)) 0;
ks/log(D2/D1) -((ks/log(D2/D1))+(ki/log(D3/D2))) ki/log(D3/D2);
 0 -2*ki/log(D3/D2) (2*ki/log(D3/D2))+h0*D3 ];
%
%Vector B
B1=[hi*D1*Ts 0 h0*D3*Ta1]';
B2=[hi*D1*Ts 0 h0*D3*Ta2]';
B3=[hi*D1*Ts 0 h0*D3*Ta3]';
B4=[hi*D1*Ts 0 h0*D3*Ta4]';
%
%Check whether Matrix A is singlar or not, if A is dsingular(det(A)=0)
%solution will not exist
if det(A)==0
fprintf('\n Rank of A=%i', rank(A))
error('Matrix A have determinant 0 so solution doesnt exist. ') %%If the
determinant will be zero than exit without solving
end
%
%
%if det(A)~=0 then unique solution will exist
%
T1=A\B1;%finding solutions
T2=A\B2;
T3=A\B3;
T4=A\B4;
%
%displaying results
%
fprintf('\n For Ambient Temperature Ta1=298 K:\n \n T11=%2.4f K, T12=%2.4f K,
T13=%2.4f K',T1)%% Displaying Ambient Temperatures sepearately
fprintf('\n \n For Ambient Temperature Ta2=308 K:\n \n T21=%2.4f K, T22=%2.4f
K, T23=%2.4f K', T2)
fprintf('\n \n For Ambient Temperature Ta3=313 K:\n \n T31=%2.4f K, T32=%2.4f
K, T33=%2.4f K', T3)
fprintf('\n \n For Ambient Temperature Ta4=318 K:\n \n T44=%2.4f K, T42=%2.4f
K, T43=%2.4f K', T4)

plot(Ta,T1,'s:',Ta,T2,'o--',Ta,T3,'d-.',Ta,T4,'x--')
legend('For 298 K Ambient Temperature','For 308 K Ambient Temperature','For
313 K Ambient Temperature','For 318 K Ambient Temperature')
xlabel('Ambient Temperatures (Kelvin)')
ylabel('Calculated Temperatures (Kelvin)')
title('Ambient VS Calculated Temperatures')

Q: 2. In petroleum industries, it is common that the molecular weight of an oil fraction is

unknown and thus must be estimated by using a correlation. A correlation that is widely used is
developed by Riazi and Daubert, which is also referred to as the API (American Petroleum
Institute) method. The correlation can be applied to hydrocarbons with molecular weight ranging
from 70-700, which is nearly equivalent to boiling point range of 300-850 K, and the API gravity
range of 14.4-93. This molecular weight (M) correlation is given as a function of the average
boiling point (Tb) and the specific gravity at 60°F {SG) of the oil fraction of interest as follows:
Where, Tb is in K and SG is related to the API gravity {API):
 Estimate the molecular weight of an oil fraction that has an average boiling point of
344.7°C and an API gravity of 50.
 Plot on the same graph M vs.T (400 < Tb< 600 K) with API gravity = 20, 40, and 60.
GIVEN DATA

TB=344.7+273 Boiling Temperature values from °C to kelvin

API=50 Given API value of oil

Tb=400:600 Boiling Temperature range in kelvin

APIo=20:20:60 Given API values

SOLUTIONS
Given formulas
M=42.965*exp(2.097e-4*(TB)-(7.78712*SG)+(2.08476e-
3*(TB)*SG))*(TB^1.26007)*(SG^4.98308)

SGo=141.5./(APIo+131.5) SG values for given APIo values

STEP=1
IN PART(A)
We find the specific gravity by putting the values of API=50 AND
TB=344.7+273(KELVIN)
STEP=2
WE find the molecular weight by putting the values of specific
gravity.
M=42.965*exp(2.097e-4*(TB)-(7.78712*SG)+(2.08476e-
3*(TB)*SG))*(TB^1.26007)*(SG^4.98308)

PART(B)

STEP=1
we find the specific gravity by
using the range of API=20:20:60
SGo=141.5./(APIo+131.5)

STEP=2
By putting the values of TB(boiling
temperature)and specific gravity.we
find the molecular weight.
M1=42.965*exp(2.097e-4.*(Tb)-7.78712*SGo(1)+2.08476e-
3.*(Tb*SGo(1))).*Tb.^1.26007*SGo(1)^4.98308; %Molecular Weight for SGo(1)in
g/gmole
M2=42.965*exp(2.097e-4.*(Tb)-7.78712*SGo(2)+2.08476e-
3.*(Tb*SGo(2))).*Tb.^1.26007*SGo(2)^4.98308
SGo(2)in g/gmole
M3=42.965*exp(2.097e-4.*(Tb)-7.78712*SGo(3)+2.08476e-
3.*(Tb*SGo(3))).*Tb.^1.26007*SGo(3)^4.98308
Molecular Weight for SGo(3)in g/gmole

STEP=3
we plot the graphs molecular weight
and ambient temperature.
%%Assignment 1
%
%MATLAB solution Written by:
%Group 10
%
%
%
%Part(a) Solution
%
%Given Data
%
TB=344.7+273; %Boiling Temperature values from °C to kelvin
API=50; %Given API value of oil
%
%To be required
%Molecular weight of an oil fraction(M)
%
%Given formula
SG=141.5/(API+131.5); %Specific gravity relation with API
%
fprintf('\n Part (a) Molecular Weight of Oil fraction: \n')
M=42.965*exp(2.097e-4*(TB)-(7.78712*SG)+(2.08476e-
3*(TB)*SG))*(TB^1.26007)*(SG^4.98308); % Molecular weight relation
fprintf('\n M=%3.4f g/gmole ',M )
%
%Part (b)
Tb=400:600; %Boiling Temperature range in kelvin
APIo=20:20:60; % Given API values
SGo=141.5./(APIo+131.5); %SG values for given APIo values
%
%Molecular Weight Calculations
%
M1=42.965*exp(2.097e-4.*(Tb)-7.78712*SGo(1)+2.08476e-
3.*(Tb*SGo(1))).*Tb.^1.26007*SGo(1)^4.98308; %Molecular Weight for SGo(1)in
g/gmole
M2=42.965*exp(2.097e-4.*(Tb)-7.78712*SGo(2)+2.08476e-
3.*(Tb*SGo(2))).*Tb.^1.26007*SGo(2)^4.98308; %Molecular Weight for SGo(2)in
g/gmole
M3=42.965*exp(2.097e-4.*(Tb)-7.78712*SGo(3)+2.08476e-
3.*(Tb*SGo(3))).*Tb.^1.26007*SGo(3)^4.98308; %Molecular Weight for SGo(3)in
g/gmole
plot(M1,Tb,'x--',M2,Tb,'o--',M3,Tb,'s:')
title('Molecular weight VS Boiling Temperatures')
xlabel('Molecular Weight (g/gmole)')
ylabel('Boiling Temperatures (Kelvin)')
legend('APIo=20','APIo=40','APIo=60')

Q: 3. In chemical industry, the cost of piping system (pipes and fittings) and pumping are
important costs that should be considered. The annual cost of a pipeline with a standard
carbon steel pipe and a motor-driven centrifugal pump is given by:
where L is the length of the pipeline in ft, D is the pipe diameter in inch, and P is the power of
the pump in ph which can be calculated from:
In the
above equation, Q is the volumetric flow rate of the fluid in gpm.
(a) Plot the annual cost as a function of pipe diameter, say from 0.25 to 6 in, for 1000 ft
pipeline with a fluid rate of 20 gpm.
(b) What is the annual cost needed if a pipe with a diameter of 1 in is used? Is there an
optimum diameter for this pipeline? Explain why it is expensive when a very small pipe
diameter is used.

GIVEN DATA
D=0.25:6 Diameter of pipe in inches
L=1000 Length of Pipe in feets
Q=20 Volumetric Flow rate in gpm units

Q: 4. A first order reaction is carried out in a series of N equal-size mixed flow reactors. The
total conversion (X) achieved for this system is given by
where k is the reaction constant (= 0.075 hr-1) and τ is the mean residence time in a single
mixed reactor.
a. Plot the total conversion of this reaction as a function of τ (0 < τ < 40 hrs) for N = 4.
b. Plot on the same graph the total conversion as a function of τ for N= 2.
Tutorial 1: PPE 309L-Process Engineering Computing Lab 2017-Fall-5th Semester
4|Page
c. Calculate the total conversion if the number of equal-size mixed reactors is 6 and the
residence time of the fluid in a single reactor is 5 hrs.
d. Suppose we allocate a total of 10 hrs for this reaction ( =10 hrs, the summation is
over all reactors) and a large conversion is desired, would you suggest having a lot of small
mixed reactors or a few large mixed reactors? Explain your reasoning using some
calculations. Hint: a larger reactor has a larger fluid residence time.
Q: 5. A mixture containing 50 wt% toluene (T), 35 wt% benzene (B), and 15 wt% xylene (X) is
fed to a distillation column. The top product from the column contains 6.3 wt% toluene, 91.4
wt% benzene, and 2.3 wt% xylene. The bottom product is fed to a second column. The top
product from the second column contains 91.6 wt% toluene, 4.25 wt% benzene, and 4.15 wt%
xylene. 10 wt% of the toluene fed to the process is recovered in the bottom product from the
second column, and 83.3 wt% of the xylene fed to the process is recovered in the same stream.
Determine the compositions and flow rates of all streams if the feed flow rate is 100 kg/minute.
Tutorial 1: PPE 309L-Process Engineering Computing Lab 2017-Fall-5th Semester
5|Page
Q: 6. (a) Determine the bubble temperature (t) of a liquid binary mixture containing 20 mol%
acetone (xi) and 80 mol% methanol at 1 atm (P). Also calculate the mol fraction of acetone in
vapor phase (yi) at that bubble temperature. From thermodynamics, the following equations
can be set up:
(b) Plot the bubble point temperature as a function of the mol fraction of component 1 in the
liquid phase (x1). Note: y-axis: t, x-axis: x1
Q: 7. The mean molar heat capacity of nitrogen between 298 K and T at 1 atm has been
tabulated as follow:
T [K] 373.0 473.0 573.0
Cp
29.19 29.29 29.46
[J/mol.K]

Determine the mean molar heat capacity of nitrogen between 298 K and
a. 450 K
b. 525 K
c. 740 K
Tutorial 1: PPE 309L-Process Engineering Computing Lab 2017-Fall-5th Semester
6|Page
Q: 8. The vapor pressure (P) of wat
T [oC] 0.01 3.0 6.0
P (kPa) 0.6113 0.7577 0.9349
v (m3/kg) 206.136 168.132 137.734