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Lecture 3

The document outlines the topics to be covered in a 12-week calculus course, including functions of several variables, limits, partial derivatives, chain rules, directional derivatives, extrema, double and triple integrals, vector fields, line integrals, Green's theorem, and surface integrals. The following pages provide examples and definitions related to chain rules for partial derivatives and differentials for approximating changes.

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69 views12 pages

Lecture 3

The document outlines the topics to be covered in a 12-week calculus course, including functions of several variables, limits, partial derivatives, chain rules, directional derivatives, extrema, double and triple integrals, vector fields, line integrals, Green's theorem, and surface integrals. The following pages provide examples and definitions related to chain rules for partial derivatives and differentials for approximating changes.

Uploaded by

mostafa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Schedule

week Date Topic


1 4 Oct. 09 Functions of Several Variables
2 11 Oct. 09 Limits and Partial Derivatives
3 18 Oct. 09 Chain rules and Increments
4 25 Oct. 09 Directional Derivatives ,Tangent Plans and
Normal Lines
5 1 Nov. 09 Extrema
6 8 Nov. 09 Double integrals and Applications

7 15 Nov. 09 Double integrals and Applications (cont.)

8 22 Nov. 09 Triple Integrals

9 6 Dec. 09 Vector Fields and line Integrals


10 13 Dec. 09 Green's Theorem
11 20 Dec. 09 Surface Integrals
12 3 Jan. 10 Revision Period
Chain Rules
  x
 u 
  y
w  w
 v  x
 
  y if w  w(u , v) and u  u ( x, y ), v  v( x, y )
w w u w v
  ,
x u x v x
w w u w v
 
y u y v y
Chain Rules cont.
if w  w(u , v, r ) and u  u ( x, y, z ), v  v( x, y, z ),
r  r ( x, y , z )
w w u w v w r
   ,
x u x v x r x
w w u w v w r
  
y u y v y r y
w w u w v w r
  
z u z v z r z
Example 1:
2 2 1 2 2 w w
If w  u v , u  tan (x  1), v  x  y find ,
x y
Solution:
w u 1 v
 2u   2x
u x 1  (1  x ) 2 x
w u v
 2v 0  2y
v y y
then
w  1  2u
 2u  2 
 2v  2x    4vx
x  1  (1  x )  1  (1  x ) 2

w
 2u  0   2v  2 y   4vy
y
Increment of f(x,y)

w  f ( x, y )

( x, y )  ( x  x, y  y )

f ( x, y )  f ( x  x, y  y )

increment w  f ( x  x, y  y )  f ( x, y )
Example 2
Let w  f ( x, y)  3x 2  yx.
a) Find w in terms of x and .y

b) Calculate the change in w when ( x, y ) change from


(1,2) to (1.01,1.98).
Solution
a) f ( x  x, y  y )  3( x  x) 2  ( y  y )( x  x).
w  f ( x  x, y  y )  f ( x, y )

 3( x  x) 2  ( y  y )( x  x)   3x 2  yx 
 
 (6 x  y )x  xy  3(x) 2  (x)(y )
w  ( f x )x  f y y  3(x) 2  (x)(y )
b) ) from Change (1,2) to(1.01,1.98)

x  1, y  2, x  0.01, y  0.02  w  ...


Definition:
Let w  f ( x, y, z ) and let x, y, and z be increments of x,
y ,z, respectively.
(i) The differentials dx, dy, and dz of the independent
variables x, y , and z are
dx  x, dy  y, dz  z.
(ii) The differential dwof the independent variables w
is
w w w
w  dw  dx  dy  dz
x y z
Example 3
The radius and altitude of a right circular cylinder are
measured as 3in and 8in, respectively, with possible error in
measurement of ±0.05in. Use differentials to approximate the
maximum error in the calculated volume of the cylinder.
solution
v  r h
2

v v
v  dv  dr  dh
r h
 2rhdr  r dh, ,
2

r  3, h  8, dr  dh  0.05
v  dv  2 (3)(8)(0.05)  2 (32 )(0.05)  ...
Example 4:
Suppose the dimensions (in inches) of a rectangular box
change from 9, 6, 4 to 9.02, 5.97 and 4.01, respectively.
(a) Use differentials to approximate the change in volume.
(b) Find the exact change in volume.
solution
a )v  xyz
v v v
v  dv  dx  dy  dz
x y z
 yzdx  xzdy  xydz
x  9, y  6, z  4, dx  0.02, dy  0.03, dz  0.01
v  dv  ...
b)v  (9.02)(5.97)(4.01)  (9)(6)(4)  ...

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