2.4 Cuk Converter Example
2.4 Cuk Converter Example
L1 C1 L2
Cuk converter, i1 i2 +
with ideal switch + v1 –
1 2
Vg + C2 v2 R
–
L1 C1 L2
Cuk converter:
practical realization i1 i2 +
+ v1 –
using MOSFET and
diode Vg + Q1 D1 C2 v2 R
–
L1 C1 L2
This converter has two
inductor currents and two i1 i2 +
+ v1 –
capacitor voltages, that 1
+ 2
can be expressed as Vg
–
C2 v2 R
i 1(t) = I 1 + i 1 -ripple(t) –
i 2(t) = I 2 + i 2 -ripple(t)
Strategy:
v1(t) = V1 + v1 -ripple(t)
• Apply volt-second balance to each
v2(t) = V2 + v2 -ripple(t)
inductor voltage
To solve the converter in • Apply charge balance to each capacitor
steady state, we want to current
find the dc components I1, • Simplify using the small ripple
I2, V1, and V2, when the approximation
ripples are small.
• Solve the resulting four equations for the
four unknowns I1, I2, V1, and V2.
Fundamentals of Power Electronics 29 Chapter 2: Principles of steady-state converter analysis
Cuk converter circuit
with switch in positions 1 and 2
L1 L2
Switch in position 1: i2
MOSFET conducts i1 + vL1 – +
– iC1 + vL2 – iC2
Capacitor C1 releases Vg + v1 C1 C2 v2 R
–
energy to output
+ –
i1 L1 L2 i2
iC1
Switch in position 2: + vL1 – + vL2 – +
+ iC2
diode conducts
Vg + C1 v1 C2 v2 R
–
Capacitor C1 is
charged from input – –
Vg – V1
Inductor L2 voltage
vL2(t) – V2
DTs D'Ts
– V1 – V2 t Average the waveforms:
DTs D'Ts
I2 t
I2 – V2 / R (= 0) V2
i C2 = I 2 – =0
DTs D'Ts t R
D
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
0
-1
-2
M(D)
V2
-3 M(D) = =– D
Vg 1–D
-4
-5
DTs Ts t
Interval 2 slopes:
– V1 – V2 – V2
di 1(t) vL1(t) Vg – V1 L2 L2
= = I2
dt L1 L1 i2
di 2(t) vL2(t) – V2
= = i2(t)
dt L2 L2
Subinterval 1:
v1(t)
dv1(t) i C1(t) I 2 v1
= =
dt C 1 C1 V1
I2 I1
C1 C1
Subinterval 2:
DTs Ts t
dv1(t) i C1(t) I 1
= =
dt C1 C1
VgDTs VgDTs
i1 = i1 =
2L 1 2L 1
V1 + V2 VgDTs
i2 = DTs i2 =
2L 2 2L 2
– I 2DTs VgD 2Ts
v1 =
2C 1 v1 =
2D'RC 1
iL(t)
Inductor current iL(DTs)
I iL
waveform. iL(0) Vg – V –V
What is the L L
capacitor current?
0 DTs Ts t
iC(t)
Total charge
Must not q
neglect iL t
inductor Ts /2
current ripple!
DTs D'Ts
If the capacitor
voltage ripple is
vC(t)
small, then
essentially all of v
the ac component V
v
of inductor current
flows through the
t
capacitor.
iC(t)
Current iC(t) is positive for half
Total charge of the switching period. This
q
iL
positive current causes the
t
capacitor voltage vC(t) to
Ts /2
increase between its minimum
DTs D'Ts and maximum extrema.
During this time, the total
charge q is deposited on the
vC(t) capacitor plates, where
v q = C (2 v)
V
v
(change in charge) =
t C (change in voltage)
iC(t)
The total charge q is the area
Total charge of the triangle, as shown:
q
iL t Ts
1
q= 2 iL
Ts /2 2
DTs D'Ts
Eliminate q and solve for v:
i L Ts
vC(t) v=
8C
v
V
v Note: in practice, capacitor
equivalent series resistance
t
(esr) further increases v.
L1 iT Q1 L2
Example: + +
i1 i2
problem 2.9
Vg + C1 vC1 D1 C2 R v
–
– –
vL(t)
Total
flux linkage
v t
Ts /2
DTs D'Ts
can use similar arguments, with
= L (2 i)
iL(t)
= inductor flux linkages
i
I
i = inductor volt-seconds
t