SAMPLE PROBLEM # 1

Calculate U and H for 1 kg of water when it is vaporized at the constant

temperature of 100 0C and the constant pressure of 101.33 kPa. The specific
volumes of liquid and vapor at these conditions are 0.00104 and 1.673
m3/kg. For this change, heat in the amount of 2,256.9 kJ is added to the
water.

GIVEN:

Q= 2,256.9 kJ
Satd liquid H2O satd vapor H2O
VL = 0.00104 m3/kg T=k VV= 1.673 m3/kg
m = 1 kg P=k

REQ'D: U and H
SOL'N:

W = - PV
= - 101.33 kPa (1.673 -0.0014) m3/kg (1 kg)
= - 169.4 kPa m3
= - 169.4 kJ

U = Q + W
U = (2,256.9 - 169.4) kJ
U = 2,087.5 kJ

H = U + PV
H = U + PV + VP But P = 0 since P is constant
H = U + PV But W = - PV
H = U + (-W)
H = (kJ
H = 2,256.9 kJ

ANS: U = 2,087.5 kJ and H = 2,256.9 kJ

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 2

Air at 1 bar and 25 0C enters a compressor at low velocity discharges at 3

bar, and enters a nozzle in which it expands to a final velocity of 600 m/s at
the initial conditions of pressure and temperature. If the work of
compression is 240 kJ per kilogram, how much heat must be removed during
compression?

GIVEN:
W = 240 kJ/kg
Com
Air press Nozzle
or
v1 = 0 v3=600 m/s
P1 = 1 bar P2 = 3 bar P3 = 1 bar
T1 = 25 C
0
T3 = 25 0C
REQ'D: Q
SOL'N: (H + PE + KE )fs = Q + Ws
But H = 0 since T1 = T3; PE = negligible

KE )fs = v32 - v12 But v1= 0

2 gc

Q = 0.5 (600 m/s) 2 - 240 kJ/kg ( 1000 J/kJ)

(1 kg m/ N s2)

Q = - 60,000 J/kg
Q = - 60 kJ/kg

ANS: Q = - 60 kJ/kg

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 3
Water at 200 0F is pumped from a storage tank at the rate of 50 gal/min.
The motor for the pump supplies work at the rate of 2 HP. The water goes
through a heat exchanger, giving up heat at the rate of 40,000 Btu/min, and
is delivered to a second storage tank at an elevation of 50 ft above the first
tank. What is the temperature of the water delivered to the second tank?
T2
GIVEN:
Ws = 2 HP Q = - 40,000Btu/min
50 ft
T1 = 200 F
0

50 gal/min

REQ'D: T2
SOL'N:
For a steady state process,
(H + PE + KE )fs = Q + Ws
at T1 = 200 0F = 60.1 lb/ft3
m1 = 50 gal/min (1 ft3/7.48 gal) (60.1 lb/ft3 )
= 402 lb/min
Assuming negligible velocities of water in the storage tanks , KE = 0
PE = gz/gc = (1lbf/lbm)(50 ft) (1Btu/778 ft lbf) = 0.06 Btu/lb
Q = (-40,000 Btu/min)/(402 lb/min) = -99.50 Btu/lb
Ws =2 HP (42.41 Btu/min)/ (402 lb/min) = 0.21 Btu/lb
HP
H = -99.50 + 0.21 - 0.06 = -99.35 Btu/lb
From steam table at T1 = 200 0F; H1= 168.09 Btu/ lb
H2 = 168.09 - 99.35 = 68.74 Btu/ lb
At H2 = 68.74 Btu/ lb T2= 100.74 0F
ANS: T2= 100.74 0F

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 4
Air is to be compressed reversibly from an initial condition of 1 atm and 60 0F
to a final state of 5 atm and 60 0F. At these conditions, air may be
considered having the constant heat capacities of cp= 7 Btu/lbmol 0F.
Calculate the heat and work if it undergoes :
a.)heating at constant volume followed by cooling at constant pressure.
b.)Isothermal compression
c.) Adiabatic compression followed by cooling at constant volume

GIVEN:

a.) Air V=k P=k

P1 = 1 atm P2 = P3 P3= 5 atm
T1 = 60 0F T2 T3 = 60 0F
V1 V1 = V2 V3

REQ'D: Q and W
SOL'N :

V1 = nRT1/ P1
= (1 lbmol) (10.73 psia ft3/lbmolR) (60 + 460) R/ (14.7 psia)
= 379.56 ft3
V3 = nRT3/ P3
=75.91 ft3

Step 1 Isochoric Process

U1= Q1 + W1

W1 = - PV = 0 since V= k
Q1 = U = CvdT= Cv(T2 - T1)
But
Cp - Cv =R; Cv = 7 - 1.986 = 5.014 Btu/lbmol R
T2 = P2 T1 / P1
= 5(60 +460) / 1
= 2600 R

Q1 = 5.014 Btu/lbmol R (2600 - 520) R

Q1 = 10,429.12 Btu/lbmol
Step 2 Isobaric Process
U2 = Q2 + W 2

Q2 = H = CpdT= Cp(T3 - T2)

 Q2 = 7 Btu/lbmol R (520 - 2600) R
Q2 = -14,560 Btu/lbmol
s2
U2 = CvdT= Cv(T3 - T2)
U2 = 5.014 Btu/lbmol R (520 - 2600) R
U2 = - 10,429.12 Btu/lbmol

W2 = U2 - Q2
W2 = -10,429.12 +14,560
W2 = 4,130.88 Btu/lbmol
Or
W2 = - PV
= - 5 atm (75.91 - 379.56) ft3 (14.7 psia/atm)(144 in2/ ft2)(1Btu/778 ft
lbf)
W2 = 4,130.9 Btu/lbmol

Consider the whole process (isothermal, UT = 0)

QT = Q1+ Q2 = (10,429.12 + -14,560) Btu/lbmol

= -4,130.9 Btu/lbmol

WT = W1+ W2 = (0 + 4,130.9) Btu/lbmol

= 4,130.9 Btu/lbmol

UT = QT + WT = 0 thus, WT = - QT

ANS. a): QT= -4,130.9 Btu/lbmol and WT = 4,130.9 Btu/lbmol

GIVEN:

b.) Air
P1 = 1 atm T=k P2= 5 atm
 T1 = 60 0F T1 = T2
V1 V2

REQ'D: Q and W

SOL'N :

b. Isothermal process
U = Q + W

For an isothermal process, U = 0

Q= - W
W = RT ln (P2 / P1)
W = 1.986 Btu/lbmol R (520 R) ln (5 / 1)
W = 1662.1 Btu/lbmol
Q = - 1662.1 Btu/lbmol

ANS. b): QT= -1662.1 Btu/lbmol and WT = 1662.1 Btu/lbmol

GIVEN:

c.) Air Q=0 V=k

P1 = 1 atm P2 P3= 5 atm
T1 = 60 0F T2 T3 = 60 0F
V1= 379.56 ft3 V2 V3= 75.91 ft3

REQ'D: Q and W

SOL'N :
Step 1 Adiabatic Process

U1 = Q1 + W1 But Q1 = 0
 U1 = W1
U1 = CvdT = Cv(T2 - T1)

Calculate T2
(T2/T1) = (V1 / V2 ) ()
T2 = T1 (V1 / V2 ) ()
= Cp /Cv = 7 / 5.014 = 1.4

()
T2 = (520 R) (379.56/ 75.91)
T2 = 989.9 R

U1 = 5.014 Btu/lbmol R (989.9 - 520) R

U1 = 2, 356.1 Btu/lbmol
 W1 = U1 = 2, 356.1 Btu/lbmol

Step 2 Isochoric Process

U2 = Q2 + W2 But W2 = 0
Q2 = U2
U2 = CvdT = Cv(T3 - T2)
U2 = 5.014 Btu/lbmol R (520 - 989.9) R
U2 = - 2, 356.1 Btu/lbmol
 Q2 = U2= -2, 356.1 Btu/lbmol

Consider the whole process (isothermal, UT = 0)

QT = Q1+ Q2 = (0 - 2, 356.1) Btu/lbmol

QT = - 2, 356.1 Btu/lbmol

WT = W1+ W2 = (2, 356.1 + 0) Btu/lbmol

WT= 2, 356.1 Btu/lbmol

UT = QT + WT = 0 thus, WT = - Q T

ANS. c): QT= -2, 356.1 Btu/lbmol and WT = 2, 356.1 Btu/lbmol

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 5

What pressure is generated when 1 lbmol of methane is stored in a volume

of 2 ft3 at 122 0F. Based calculations on each of the following:
 a. Ideal gas Equation
b. Redlich-Kwong Equation
c. Van der waal's Equation

GIVEN:
Vol of CH4 = 2 ft3/kg T = 122 0F
n = 1 lbmol

REQ'D: Calculate P using

a. Ideal gas Equation
b. Redlich-Kwong Equation
c. Van der waal's Equation

SOL'N:

a. Ideal gas Equation

P = RT/V
P = 0.7302(122+460)/2
P = 212.49 atm

b. Redlich-Kwong Equation

P = {(RT)/ ( V- b)} - {a / { T1/2 V( V+ b)}}

Where a= 0.42748 R2Tc2.5 / Pc b= 0.08664RTc / Pc

From Table 2-164 Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook

Tc = 190.6 K = 343.08 R
Pc = 45.99 bar = 4.59 Pa

Substitute Tc and Pc to solve for a and b

a= 10,948.16 atm ft 6R0.5/lbmol2
b= 0.4782 ft3/lbmol
Using the Redlich-kwong equation,

P = 187.7 atm

c. Van der waal's Equation

P = {(RT)/ ( V- b)} - {a / ( V2)}

 Where a= 27 R2Tc2 /(64 Pc) b= RTc / 8Pc

Substitute Tc and Pc to solve for a and b

a= 583.3263 atm ft 6/lbmol2
b= 0.6899 ft3/lbmol
Using the Van der waals equation

P = 178.55 atm

ANS: a. P= 212.49 atm b. P = 187.7 atm c. P = 178.55 atm

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 6

Determine the standard heat of reaction of each of the following reactions at

250C.

a. 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)

b. C(s) + H2O(l) H2 (g) + CO(g)
c. CH4(g) + 2H2O(g) CO2 (g) + 4H2(g)
SOL'N:

a. HR 0298 = 4Hf0 NO(g) + 6Hf0 H2O (g) - 4Hf0 NH3(g) - 5Hf0 O2(g)
= 4(21.6) + 6(-57.7979) - 4(-10.96) - 0
=-216.5474 kcal

b. HR 0298 = Hf0 H2 (g) + Hf0 CO (g) - Hf0 C(s) - Hf0 H2O (l)
= 0 + (-32.808) - 0 - (-68.3174)
=35.5094 kcal

c. HR 0298 = Hf0 CO2 (g) + 4Hf0 H2 (g) - Hf0 CH4 (g) - 2Hf0 H2O (g)
= (-94.252) + 0 - (-17.8) - 2(-57.7979)
=39.3438 kcal

ANS. a.)HR 0298 =-216.5474 kcal

b.)HR 0298 =35.5094 kcal
c.)HR 0298 =39.3438 kcal

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 7

If the heat of combustion of urea (NH 2) 2 CO(s) at 250C is 631,660 J/mol

when the products are CO2 (g), H2O (l) and N2 (g). What is the standard
heat of formation of urea at 25 0C?

GIVEN:
Hc 0298 =631,660 J/mol
Products of combustion - CO2 (g), H2O (l) and N2 (g).

SOL'N:
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l) (1)
C(s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) (2)
CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 2N2(g) (NH2) 2CO(s) + 1.5 O2(g) (3)

C(s) + 2H2(g) + 2N2(g) + 0.5 O2(g) (NH2) 2CO(s) (4)

Reaction 4 = sum of reactions 1, 2 and 3

= formation reaction of urea

Hf0 H2O(l) = (-68.3174)kcal

Hf0 CO2(g) = (-94.052)kcal
Hc 0298 = -631,660 J/mol

Hf 0298 (NH2) 2CO(s) = 2Hf0 H2O (l) + Hf0 CO2(g) + Hc 0298(NH2) 2CO(s)

= 2(-68.3174) kcal + (-94.052) kcal +

631,660 J(2.39006 x 10-4 kcal/J)

Hf 0298 (NH2) 2CO(s) =-79.72 kcal

ANS. Hf 0298 (NH2) 2CO(s) =-381.657 kcal

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 8

The following heat engines produce power of 95,000 kW. Determine in each
case the rates at which heat is absorbed from the hot reservoir and discarded
to the cold reservoir

a. A Carnot engine operates between heat reservoirs at 750 0K and 300

0
K.
b. A practical engine operates between the same heat reservoirs but with
a thermal efficiency,  = 0.35

GIVEN:
 HTR
QH

W = 95,000 kJ/s
QC

LTR

REQ'D: QH and QC using

a. A Carnot engine operates between heat reservoirs at 750 0K and 300
0
K.
b. A practical engine operates between the same heat reservoirs but
with a thermal efficiency,  = 0.35

SOL'N:
a. Carnot engine

TL/TH

W/ QH

QH  95,000
QH  158,333.33 kW

QH  Q C + W
QC  (158,333.33 – 95,000) kW
QC  63,333.33 kW

b. Engine

W/ QH

QH  95,000/ 0.35
QH  271,428.57 kW

QH  Q C + W
QC  (271,428.57 – 95,000) kW
QC  176,428.57 kW
ANS: a. QH  158,333.33 kW and QC  63,333.33 kW
b. QH  271,428.57 kW and QC  176,428.57 kW

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 9

A steel casting (Cp = 0.50 kJ/kg K) weighing 40 kg and at a temperature of

450 0C is quenched in 150 kg of oil (Cp= 2.5 kJ/kg k) at 25 0C. If there are
no heat losses, what is the change in entropy of a) the casting, b) the oil and
c) both considered?

GIVEN:
m steel casting = 40 kg moil = 150 kg
Cp steel casting = 0.50 kJ/kg K Cp oil = 2.5 kJ/kg K
T = 450 0C T = 25 0C
Q= 0

REQ'D: S
a.) casting b.) oil and C.) casting and oil considered together

SOL'N:
Since there is no heat losses to the surroundings,
 -H lost steel = -H gain oil
-mcpT steel = mcpToil
(40 kg) (0.50 kJ/kg K)(t2 – 450) = (150 kg) (2.50 kJ/kg K)( t2 – 25)
t2= 46.52 0C = 319.67 K

a.) Steel casting

mS = dQ/T = mcp ln T2/T1

= (40 kg)(0.50 kJ/kg K) ln (319.67/723.15)
mS = -16.33 kJ/K

b.) oil

mS = (150 kg)(2.50 kJ/kg K) ln (319.67/298.15)

mS = 26.13 kJ/K

c.) total S

ST = 26.13 kJ/K + (-16.33 kJ/K)

ST = 9.8 kJ/K

ANS: a. Ssteel = -16.33 kJ/K b. Soil = 26.13 kJ/K c. ST = 9.8 kJ/K
SAMPLE PROBLEM # 10

Consider an ideal gas for which Cv= 20.88 and Cp= 29.2 J/mol K. The initial
state is 100 kPa and 295 K. Calculate S when
a. 1 kmol is heated at constant volume to 355 K
b. 1 kmol is heated at constant pressure to 355 K

GIVEN:

a. Ideal Gas V=k

n1 = 1 kmol
P1 = 100 kPa Cv= 20.88 and Cp= 29.2 J/mol K P2 =
T1 = 295 K T2= 355 K
V1 V2

b. Ideal Gas P=k

n1 = 1 kmol
P1 = 100 kPa P2 =
T1 = 295 K T2= 355 K
 V1 V2

REQ'D: S

SOL’N:
a. S= Cp ln (T2/T1) – Rln (P2/P1)
But
P2 = T2
P1 T1
S= Cp ln (T2/T1) – Rln (T2/T1)

But Cp – Cv = R

S= Cv ln (T2/T1)
S= 20.88 J/mol K ln (355/295) (1000 mols)
S= 3,866 J/ K

b. S= Cp ln (T2/T1)
S= 29.2 J/mol K ln (355/295) (1000 mols)
S= 5,406.15 J/ K

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 11

Calculate the changes in V, U, H, S, A and G which occur when the following

processes take place

a. Ten pounds of water at 212 0F is vaporized at a constant pressure of

1atm
b. One pound mole of an ideal gas expands isothermally and reversibly in
a non-flow process from a pressure of 10 atm and a temperature of 70
0
F to a pressure of 1atm.

GIVEN:
a. vaporization
Satd liquid H2O satd vapor H2O
T1 = 212 0F T=k T2 = 212 0F
 P1 = 1 atm P=k P2 = 1 atm
m = 10 lbs

b. n = 1 lbmol T=k
Ideal Gas
P1 = 10 atm P2 = 1 atm
T1 =70 0F

REQ'D: V, H, U, S, and G

SOL'N:

a. From Table 2-351 (Perry’s Handbook)

VL = 0.016719 ft3/lb HL = 180.17 Btu/lb SL = 0.3021 Btu/lb R

VV = 26.799 ft3/lb HV = 1150.5 Btu/lb SL = 1.7568 Btu/lb R

Vvap = VV - VL = (26.799 – 0.016719) (10 lbs)= 267.823 ft3

Hvap = HV - HL = (1150.5 – 180.17) (10 lbs)= 9703.3 Btu
Svap = SV - SL = (1.7568 – 0.3021) (10 lbs)= 14.447 Btu/R

U= H – PV
U = H - PV + VP But P = 0 since P is constant
Uvap = Hvap - PVvap
Uvap = 970.33 Btu/lb - 14.7 lbf/in2 (26.7823 ft3/lb)(144 in2/ft2)(1 Btu/778 ft lbf)
Uvap = 897.46 Btu/lb (10 lbs)
Uvap = 8974.6 Btu

G = H - TS
G = H - TS - ST But T = 0 since T is constant
Gvap = Hvap - TSvap
Gvap = 970.33 Btu/lb – (212 + 460) R(1.4447 Btu/lb R)
Gvap = -0.5084 Btu/lb (10 lbs)
Gvap = -50.84 Btu

A = U - TS
A = U - TS - ST But T = 0 since T is constant
Avap = Uvap - TSvap
Avap = 897.46 Btu/lb – (212 + 460) R(1.4447 Btu/lb R)
Avap = -73.3784 Btu/lb (10 lbs)
Avap = -733.784 Btu/
b.
V = V2 – V1
V1 = nRT1/P1
V1 = (1 lbmol) (0.7302 atm ft3 /lbmol R)(70 + 460) R/(10 atm)
V1 = 38.70 ft3

V2 = (38.70 ft3)(10 atm) /(1 atm)

V2 = 387.0 ft3

V = (387.0 - 38.70) ft3

V = 348.3 ft3
H =U = 0

S= Cp ln (T2/T1) – Rln (P2/P1) But T = 0 since T is constant

S= – Rln (P2/P1)
S= – (1 lbmol)1.986 Btu/lbmol R ln (1/10)
S = 4.5729 Btu/ R

G = H - TS - ST But T = 0 and H = 0 since T is constant

G = - TS
G = - (1 lbmol)(70 + 460) R (4.5729 Btu/lbmol R)
G = - 2423.64 Btu

A = U - TS - ST But T = 0 and U = 0 since T is constant

A = - TS
A = - (1 lbmol)(70 + 460) R (4.5729 Btu/lbmol R)
A = - 2423.64 Btu

ANS: a. Vvap= 267. 823 ft3; Hvap = 9703.3 Btu;

Svap =14.447 Btu/ R; Uvap = 8974.6 Btu
Gvap = -5.084 Btu; Avap = -733.784 Btu

b. H =U = 0; V = 348.3 ft3

S = 4.5729 Btu / R G =A = - 2423.64 Btu
SAMPLE PROBLEM # 12

Superheated steam originally at 100 kPa and 260 0C expands through a

nozzle to an exhaust pressure of 200 kPa. Assuming the process is reversible
and adiabatic and that equilibrium is attained, determine the state of the
steam and its enthalpy at the exit of the nozzle.

GIVEN:
Q=0
Superheated steam Nozzle
?
P1 = 100 kPa P2 = 200 kPa
T1 = 260 0C T2 =

REQ'D: state of the steam & its H at the exit

SOL'N:
 From Steam Table at P1 = 100 kPa & T1 = 260 0C
S1 = 8.0707 kJ/kg K
S = Q/T Since Q = 0; S = 0
Thus S1 = S2 = 8.0707 kJ/kg K

At 200 kPa
SL= 1.5301 kJ/kg K HL= 504.701 kJ/kg
SV= 7.1268 kJ/kg K HV= 2706.3 kJ/kg

Since S2 > SV the state of the steam is superheated

At 200 kPa and S2 = 8.0707 kJ/kg K

From Steam Table H2= 3173.8 kJ/kg

ANS: Superheated steam and H2= 3173.8 kJ/kg

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 13

Steam at a pressure of 35 bar is known to have a specific volume of 50

cm3/g. What is its enthalpy?

GIVEN:

Steam
P = 35 bar
V = 50 cm3/g

REQ'D: H of the steam

SOL'N:

From Steam Table at P1 = 35 bar = 3500 kPa

VL= 1.235 cm3/g HL= 1049.8 kJ/kg

VV= 57.025 cm3/g HV= 2802.0 kJ/kg
 50 = (1-x) 1.235 + 57.025 x
x = 0.8741

H = 1049.8 (1 – 0.8741) +2802 (0.8741)

H = 2581.40 kJ/kg

ANS: H = 2581.40 kJ/kg

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 14

A tank contains exactly one kilogram of water consisting of liquid and vapor
in equilibrium at 10 bar. If the liquid and vapor each occupy one-half the
volume of the tank, what is the enthalpy of the contents of the tank?

GIVEN:

Tank containing liquid and vapor in equilibrium

P = 10 bar
Vol of liquid = Vol of vapor= ½ V tank

REQ'D: H of the contents of the tank

SOL'N:

From Steam Table at P1 = 10 bar = 1000 kPa

VL= 1.127 cm3/g HL= 762.6 kJ/kg

 VV= 194.3 cm3/g HV= 2776.2 kJ/kg

Let mT - be the total mass of the contents of the tank

VL= (0.5 Vtank) / (1-x) mT
VV= (0.5 Vtank) / (x) mT
But Vol of liquid = Vol of vapor= ½ V tank

VL (1-x) mT / VV(x) mT = 1

1.127 (1-x) = 194.3 x

x = 0.00576

H = 762.6 (1 – 0.00576) +2776.2 (0.00576)

H = 774.20 kJ/kg

ANS: H = 774.20 kJ/kg

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 15

A steam turbine with a rated capacity of 56400 kW operates with steam at

inlet conditions of 8600 kPa and 500 0C and discharges into a condenser at a
pressure of 10 kPa. Assuming a turbine efficiency of 0.75, determine the
state of the steam at discharge and the mass rate of flow of steam.

GIVEN:
Ws = - 56400 kW

Superheated steam
P1 = 8600 kPa turbi P2 = 10 kPa
T1 = 500 0C ne
= 0.75

REQ'D: a. State of the steam at the discharge

b. mass flow rate of the steam
SOL'N:

From Steam Table at P1 = 8600 kPa and T1 = 500 0C

H1 = 3391.6 kJ/kg
S1 = 6.6858 kJ/kg K

Assuming isentropic expansion,

S = 0; S1 = S2 = 6.6858 kJ/kg K

at 10 kPa

SL= 0.6493 kJ/kg K HL= 191.8 kJ/kg

SV= 8.1511 kJ/kg K HV= 2584.4 kJ/kg

6.6858 = (1-x) 0.6493 + 8.1511x

x = 0.8047

H2 ‘ = 2584.4 (0.8047) + 191.8 (1-0.8047)

H2 ‘ = 2117.4 kJ/kg

H)s = H2 ‘ - H1 ‘ = 2117.4 – 3391.6

H)s = -1,274.2 kJ/kg

= H)/H)s

H) = 0.75 (-1,274.2) kJ/kg

H) = - 955.6 kJ/kg

Thus,
H2 = H) + H1
H2 = 3391.6 + (-955.6)
H2 = 2, 436 kJ/kg

Since HL <H2 < HV the state of the steam is wet

2, 436 kJ/kg = 2584.4 x + 191.8 (1-x)

x = 0.9378

S2= (1-0.9378) 0.6493 + 8.1511(0.9378)

S2 = 7.6846/kg
 Ws = -56,400 kW
Ws = mH)

m= -56,400 kW / -955.6 kJ/kg

m= 59.02 kg/s

ANS. a. wet steam b.) m= 59.02 kg/s

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 16

A freezer is to be maintained at a temperature of 238K on a summer day

when the ambient temperature is 306 K. In order to maintain a freezer box
at 238 K it is necessary to remove heat from it at the rate of 1230 J/s. What
is the maximum possible coefficient of performance of the freezer and what
is the minimum power requirement of the freezer?

GIVEN:

LTR
QC = 1, 230 J/s

W
QH

HTR

REQ'D: a. COP max

b. Wmin
SOL'N:

COPmax = TL /(TH – TL)

COPmax = (238) / (306 – 238)

COPmax = 3.5

COP = QC / W
W = 1230 J/s / 3.5
Wmin = 351.4 W

ANS. a. COPmax = 3.5 b.) Wmin = 351.4 W

SAMPLE PROBLEM # 16

The water (1)-methanol (2) binary mixture is often encountered in the study
of solution thermodynamics. What amounts of water and methanol should
be mixed to get 4 ml of a 55 %methanol by mole water-methanol solution.
Express your answer in ml.
Additional information is provided below:
Specific volume data: Partial molar Volumes:
V1 = 0.176 mL/mole V1 = 0.163 ml/mole
V2 = 0.396 mL/mole V2 = 0.388 mL/mole

GIVEN:
Vol of MeOH – H2O mixture = 4 ml
X methanol = 0.55 ( by mole)

Specific volume data: Partial molar Volumes*:

V1 = 0.176 mL/mole V1 * = 0.163 ml/mole
V2 = 0.396 mL/mole V2 * = 0.388 mL/mole

REQ'D: Vol of H2O & Vol of MeOH

SOL'N:

V = xV1* + (1-x)V2*
V = 0.45(0.163 ml/mol) + 0.55(0.388 ml/mol)
V = 0.28675 ml/mol

ntotal = V soln / V
= 4 ml/ 0.28675 ml/mol
ntotal = 13.949 moles = n1 + n2
n1 = 0.45(13.949) = 6.277 moles

Vol of H2O =( 0.176 ml/mo)(6.277 mol) =1.105 ml

n2 = 0.55(13.949) = 7.67195 moles

Vol of Me-OH = 0.396 ml/mol(7.67195 mol) = 3.038 ml

ANS. a. Vol of H2O =1.105 ml b.) Vol of Me-OH = 3.038 ml