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Limits Involving Trigonometric Functions

The document provides examples and formulas for evaluating limits involving trigonometric functions. When taking limits of expressions with sin(x) or x as x approaches 0, the limit equals 1. Examples show setting the expression equal to an indeterminate form of 0/0 and using trigonometric identities to determine the limit. Common limits include sin(x)/x as x approaches 0 equals 1, and 2sin(x)/x as x approaches 0 equals 2. Exercises provide additional practice evaluating these types of limits.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
229 views6 pages

Limits Involving Trigonometric Functions

The document provides examples and formulas for evaluating limits involving trigonometric functions. When taking limits of expressions with sin(x) or x as x approaches 0, the limit equals 1. Examples show setting the expression equal to an indeterminate form of 0/0 and using trigonometric identities to determine the limit. Common limits include sin(x)/x as x approaches 0 equals 1, and 2sin(x)/x as x approaches 0 equals 2. Exercises provide additional practice evaluating these types of limits.

Uploaded by

Usama Malik
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Limits involving Trigonometric Functions

(from section 3.3)

In the following examples we use the following two formulas (which you can use in exams

freely):

sin θ
lim =1
θ→0 θ

θ
lim sin θ =1
θ→0

Important Note: When calculating the limits involving trigonometric functions, always look
sin x x
for an expression like or if x → 0 because in that case both of these have limit
x sin x
equal to 1.
sin(x − 1)
Example (section 3.3 exercise 50): Evaluate lim
x→1 x2 + x − 2

0
Solution: This limit is of the form 0

sin(x − 1)
= lim
x→1 (x − 1)(x + 2)

sin(x − 1) 1
= lim
x→1 (x − 1) (x + 2)
  
sin(x − 1) 1
= lim lim
x→1 (x − 1) x→1 (x + 2)

  
sin θ 1
= lim lim change of variable θ = x − 1
θ→0 θ x→1 (x + 2)

1
= (1)( )
3

1
=
3

Page 2
x2 + 3x − 10
Exercise: Evaluate lim
x→−5 sin(x + 5)

Page 3
2 tan(x − 5)
Example : Evaluate lim
x→5 x2 − 6x + 5

0
Solution: This is of the form 0

2 tan(x − 5)
= lim
x→5 (x − 5)(x − 1)

sin(x−5)
2 cos(x−5) 2 sin(x − 5)
= lim = lim
x→5 (x − 5)(x − 1) x→5 (x − 5)(x − 1) cos(x − 5)

sin(x − 5) 1
= lim 2
x→5 (x − 5) (x − 1) cos(x − 5)
  
sin(x − 5) 1
= 2 lim lim
x→5 (x − 5) x→5 (x − 1) cos(x − 5)

  
sin θ 1
= 2 lim lim change of variable θ = x − 5
θ→0 θ x→5 (x − 1) cos(x − 5)

1
= 2(1)
(4) cos(0)

1 1
= 2(1) =
(4)(1) 2

Page 4
x2 + 4x + 3
Exercise: Evaluate lim
x→−3 5 tan(x + 3)

Page 5
sin 3x
Example (section 3.3 exercise 43): Find the limit lim
x→0 5x3 − 4x

Solution:
0
This limit is of the form 0 . So we do this:
 
sin 3x 3x
= lim
x→0 3x 5x3 − 4x
   
sin 3x 3x
= lim lim
x→0 3x x→0 5x3 − 4x

   
sin θ 3x
= lim lim 3 change of variable θ = 3x
θ→0 θ x→0 5x − 4x

 
3x
= (1) lim
x→0 5x3 − 4x

 
3
= lim canceling out x
x→0 5x2 − 4

3
=−
4

Page 6

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