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Management of Production Cycle and Its Elements

Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling production activities to transform raw materials into finished goods. It aims to produce quality products in the right quantities at the minimum cost and on time. The key elements of production planning and control are planning, routing, scheduling, dispatching, checking progress, and inspection. Planning decides production in advance. Routing determines the path materials take from raw to finished. Scheduling fixes operation timelines. Dispatching initiates production according to plans. Checking progress evaluates work. Inspection ensures quality standards are met.

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60 views3 pages

Management of Production Cycle and Its Elements

Production management involves planning, organizing, directing, and controlling production activities to transform raw materials into finished goods. It aims to produce quality products in the right quantities at the minimum cost and on time. The key elements of production planning and control are planning, routing, scheduling, dispatching, checking progress, and inspection. Planning decides production in advance. Routing determines the path materials take from raw to finished. Scheduling fixes operation timelines. Dispatching initiates production according to plans. Checking progress evaluates work. Inspection ensures quality standards are met.

Uploaded by

Eniam Sotnas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Management of Production Cycle and its Elements

Production management means planning, organizing, directing and controlling of production activities.
Production management deals with converting raw materials into finished goods or products. It brings
together the 6M's i.e. men, money, machines, materials, methods and markets to satisfy the wants of the
people.
The main objective of production management is to produce goods and services of the right quality, right
quantity, at the right time and at minimum cost. It also tries to improve the efficiency. An efficient
organization can face competition effectively. Production management ensures full or optimum utilization
of available production capacity.
Some of the important elements involved in the process of production planning and control in
organization are: (a) Planning; (b) Routing; (c) Scheduling; (d) Dispatching; (e) Checking the progress or
follow-up and (f) Inspection.

(a) Planning:
This is the first and the most important element of production planning and control. Planning refers to
deciding in advance what is to be done in future. A separate planning department is established in the
organization which is responsible for the preparation of policies and plans with regard to production to
be undertaken in due course.

(b) Routing:
Production routing is a process concerned with determining exact route or path, a product has to follow
right from raw material till its transformation into finished product.

“Routing may be defined as the selection of paths or routes over which each piece is to travel in being
transformed from raw material into finished product”.
The above mentioned definitions clearly lay down that routing is concerned with the selection of the most
economical and appropriate path for the product in the process of final completion from raw material to
finished product.

(c) Scheduling:
Scheduling in simple words means fixation of time and date when each operation is to be commenced
and completed. It is an important part of production control as all future process of production is based
on it. Scheduling lays down ground work for all subsequent steps in production process.

Types of scheduling:
Scheduling is of three types:
(a) Master scheduling;

(.b) Manufacturing or operation scheduling;

(c) Retail operation scheduling


(d) Dispatching:

A good definition of dispatching is the routine of setting productive activities in motion through the
release of orders and instructions, in accordance with previously planned times and sequences, embodied
in route sheet and schedule charts.
Dispatching relates to the process of initiating production in accordance with pre-conceived production
plan. It is concerned with giving practical shape to the production plan. This includes issuing necessary
orders and instructions and other important guidelines and information pertaining to work.
Types of Dispatching:
Dispatching is of two types viz.,

(a) Centralized - Under this system there is a centralized dispatching section from where orders and
instructions are directly issued to workmen and machines. This system of dispatching ensures greater
control and flexibility in its operation.

(b) Decentralized - This is just the reverse of the first method. Under this system, work orders are sent to
the foreman of each department. It is the duty of the departmental head to adjust the process and
sequence of work in accordance with the requirements of the department.

Various cards and forms used in carrying the functions of dispatching are:
(I) Material requisitions:
These are sent by workers working on different jobs for getting supply of materials from stores.

(ii) Job Cards:


These cards are issued to each individual worker who enters his performance and time taken on a job.

(iii) Move tickets:


These tickets authorize the movement of materials in between various production operations.

(iv) Tool and gauge tickets:


These tickets authorize the issue of various tools and equipment from stores.

(v) Inspection Cards:


These cards show the quantity of work passed and rejected at each inspection point.

(E) Checking the progress or Follow-up:

Follow-up or expediting function relates to evaluation and appraisal of work performed. If goods are to
be produced as planned, proper follow up or expediting must be undertaken. A properly planned follow
up procedure is helpful in finding errors and defects in the work and it also suggests remedial measures.

In the words of Bethel, Atwater etc.,


“Follow up or expediting is that branch of production control procedure which regulates the progress of
materials and part through the production process” The function of follow-up is carried by ‘follow-up
men’. These men act as intermediaries between various departments bringing about co-ordination
between them. ‘Follow-up men’ are also referred as expeditors, ‘go-betweens’, ‘stock chasers’ and
‘progress-men’ etc.

(f) Inspection:

This is the last but not the least component in the process of production planning and control. The function
of inspection is primarily carried to ensure whether desired quality of products has been achieved or not.
Inspection is carried out at different levels of production activity.

In the words of Kimball and Kimball Jr.

“Inspection is the art of comparing materials, product or performance with established standards.”

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