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Cbse Notes For Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology - HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

HTML is a markup language used to define web page layout and structure. It uses tags to mark elements like text, headings, paragraphs, links and more. Key HTML tags have opening and closing tags, while some like line breaks are empty tags without a closing part. Every HTML document requires basic tags like <html> to open and close the HTML, <head> for metadata, <title> for the page title, and <body> which contains the visible page content.

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1K views2 pages

Cbse Notes For Class 10 Foundation of Information Technology - HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

HTML is a markup language used to define web page layout and structure. It uses tags to mark elements like text, headings, paragraphs, links and more. Key HTML tags have opening and closing tags, while some like line breaks are empty tags without a closing part. Every HTML document requires basic tags like <html> to open and close the HTML, <head> for metadata, <title> for the page title, and <body> which contains the visible page content.

Uploaded by

Mannan Khalil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CBSE Notes for Class 10 Foundation of Information

Technology – HTML (HyperText Markup Language)


HTML is a markup language, which is used to define the layout and attributes of a
World Wide Web (WWW) document as well as to create links between Web pages.
HTML is the underlying foundation of Website design. It is a subset of SGML (Standard
Generalised Markup Language) and a high-level markup language.
HTML is a short form of HyperText Markup Language, which means
(i) HyperText is simply a piece of text that has some extra features like formatting,
images, multimedia and links to another document.
(ii) Markup Language is a way of writing layout information within documents. HTML is a
page layout and hyperlink specification language. It allows images and other objects to
be embedded that can be used to create interactive forms. HTML documents are
described through HTML tags or elements.

HTML ELEMENTS or TAGS


HTML is written in the form of tags. A tag refers to a string enclosed within angular
brackets (< and >). HTML elements represent semantics or meaning.

 HTML tags are predefined and are not case-sensitive.


 All HTML tags are typed inside the angular brackets (< and >) and the text
between these brackets are called elements.
 The opening tags are written within the less than (<) and greater than (>) signs,
e.g. <HTML>
 The closing tags are written within the < and > signs with a forward slash (/)
appended before the name of the tag.
e.g. </HTML>
 The attributes are always specified in the opening tags, which provides additional
information about that tag. It comes in name/value pairs like name = “value”,
e.g. <FONT size =“5”>

There are two kinds of elements, i.e. Container elements and Empty elements.

Container Elements
These types of HTML elements always wrap around the text or graphics which come in
a set with an opening as well as a closing tag. In other words, HTML tags that include
both On and Off tags are known as container tags.
e.g.

<HTML>.. .</HTML>
Empty Elements
On the other hand, the empty elements are standalone tags, i.e. empty tags do not have
to be wrapped around text or graphics and do not require a closing tag.
In other words, HTML tags that include only On tag and there is no Off tag then, these
tags are known as empty tags.
e.g.

<HR> inserts a horizontal line


<BR> adds a line break
HTML STRUCTURE
HTML document is a combination of various tags, which define the structure and
appearance of the Web page.
Following four basic structure elements are always present in every HTML document:
(i) The <HTML> tag tells the browser that this is an HTML document. You must begin
your html files with this tag and must end your html file with matching closing tag.
(ii) The <HEAD> tag is used for text and tags that do not appear directly on the page. It
acts as a header of file and contains some information like setting the title of the Web
page.
(iii) The <TITLE> tag contains the document title. This tag lies between <HEAD> and
</HEAD> tags. The title specified inside this tag appears on the browser’s title bar.
(iv) The <BODY> tag is used for text and tags that appears directly on the Web page. It
helps us to create a look and feel of the Web page. It holds all your content words,
pictures and other stuff. The most basic structure needed for creation of any Web page
are as follows:

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