Different forms of inheritance

C++ offers five types of Inheritance. They are:

Syntax:
class A
{
…….
};
class B: access_specifier A
{
……
}

Example:
#include<iostream.h>
class employee
{
public:
int salary; OUTPUT:
Enter employee salary: 50000
}; Employee salary: 50000
class developer : public employee
 {
employee e;
public:
void salary()
{
cout<<"Enter employee salary: ";
cin>>e.salary; // access base class data member
cout<<"Employee salary: "<<e.salary;
}
};
int main()
{
developer obj;
obj.salary();
return 0;
}
2. Multiple Inheritance
In this type of inheritance a single derived class may inherit from two or more than two
base classes.

Syntax:
class A
{
……….
};
class B
{
………
};
class C: access_specifier A, access_specifier B
 {
……..
};
Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
int x;
void getx()
{
cout << "enter value of x: "; cin >> x;
}
};
class B
{
public:
int y;
void gety()
{
cout << "enter value of y: "; cin >> y;
}
};
class C : public A, public B //C is derived from class A and class B
{
public:
void sum()
{
cout << "Sum = " << x + y;
}
};
OUTPUT:
enter value of x: 5
enter value of y: 4
Sum = 9
 int main()
{
C obj1; //object of derived class C
obj1.getx();
obj1.gety();
obj1.sum();
return 0;
}
3. Hierarchical Inheritance
In this type of inheritance, multiple derived classes inherits from a single base class.

Syntax:
class A // base class
{
..............
};
class B : access_specifier A // derived class from A
{
...........
};
class C : access_specifier A // derived class from A
{
...........
};
class D : access_specifier A // derived class from A
{
...........
};
Example:
// hierarchial inheritance.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A //single base class
{
public:
int x, y;
void getdata()
{
cout << "\nEnter value of x and y:\n"; cin >> x >> y;
}
};
class B : public A //B is derived from class base
{
public:
void product()
{
cout << "\nProduct= " << x * y;
}
};
class C : public A //C is also derived from class base
{
public:
void sum() OUTPUT:
Enter value of x and y:
{
2
cout << "\nSum= " << x + y; 3
} Product= 6
Enter value of x and y:
};
2
int main() 3
{ Sum= 5
B obj1; //object of derived class B
C obj2; //object of derived class C
obj1.getdata();
obj1.product();
 obj2.getdata();
obj2.sum();
return 0;
}
4. Multilevel Inheritance
In this type of inheritance the derived class inherits from a class, which in turn inherits
from some other class. The Super class for one, is sub class for the other.

Syntax:
class A // base class
{
...........
};
class B : acess_specifier A // derived class
{
...........
};
class C : access_specifier B // derived from derived class B
{
...........
};
Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A1 //single base class
{
public:
int x;
void getdata()
{
 cout << "Enter value of x= ";
cin >> x;
}
};
class A2 : public A1 // derived class from base class A1
{
public:
int y; Output:
Enter value of x= 2
void readdata()
Enter value of y= 3
{ Enter value of z= 3
cout << "\nEnter value of y= "; Product= 18

cin >> y;
}
};
class A3 : public A2 // derived from class A2
{
private:
int z;
public:
void indata()
{
cout << "\nEnter value of z= ";
cin >> z;
}
void product()
{
cout << "\nProduct= " << x * y * z;
}
};
int main()
{
A3 a; //object of derived class
a.getdata();
 a.readdata();
a.indata();
a.product();
return 0;
}
5. Hybrid (Virtual) Inheritance
Hybrid Inheritance is combination of Hierarchical and Mutilevel Inheritance.

Syntax:
class A
{
.........
};
class B : public A
{
..........
};
class C : public A
{
...........
};
class D : public B, public C
{
...........
};
Example:
// hybrid inheritance.cpp
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class A
{
public:
int x;
};
class B : public A
{
public:
B() //constructor to initialize x in base class A
{
x = 10;
} OUTPUT:
sum=5
};
class C
{
public:
int y;
C() //constructor to initialize y
{
y = 4;
}
};
class D : public B, public C //D is derived from class B and class C
{
public:
void sum()
{
cout << "Sum= " << x + y;
}
};
int main()
{
D obj1; //object of derived class D
obj1.sum();
 return 0;
}