Ryan Hurtado Patino - GN Labor Unions 1

Warm-Up Labor Unions
The Rise of Unskilled Labor

• Unskilled workers required little or no or .
• Many early and workers were unskilled.
• Unskilled workers were more easily .
Conditions for Unskilled Workers

Long working hours:
• -hour work days
• Little or no
Dangerous work conditions:
• Dust, , and
• machinery
© Edgenuity, Inc. 1
The Rise of Child Labor
Labor Participation of Children
Under
50
45
44.7%
Percent of Industrial Workforce
40
35
30
25
23%
20
15
10
The Divide between Worker and Owner

Many families needed their to go to work because the average
household income was only a year, which was far below the
line.
On the other hand, were making unprecedented amounts of
and throwing ever-more outrageous parties to show off their
. The lavish lifestyle of rich was completely different
from the horrible and conditions that most people
experienced.
Lesson Objectives
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
• Trace the development of the early movement in America
• Compare and contrast the of Labor and the
of Labor with respect to their
, membership, goals, and ideologies
• Examine the reasons for the growth of
in the late
W Words to Know
2K
Write the letter of the definition next to the matching word as you work through the
lesson. You may use the glossary to help you.
lockout A. the negotiations by union leaders on behalf of a

group of workers
arbitration B. a temporary shutdown by company ownership or

management
C. an organization of workers for the purpose of

strike
advancing its members’ common interests
D. a strategic work stoppage designed to put

collective bargaining pressure on an employer
E. the settling of a dispute by submitting to the

labor union decision of an outside party
Instruction Labor Unions
? Lesson
Question
2 Rise of Labor
Early Labor Organizations
Craft Guilds Trade Unions
• Skilled craftspeople • Skilled workers
• Apprentice system • Protested lower wages
• Limited entry • Resented use of
unskilled labor
• Set Pirces
Labor Union
A labor union is an organization of workers for the purpose of
advancing its members’ common interest .
Workers usually formed unions within a single field or industry .
They were often small and local to a particular business or factory.
Unions often limited their memberships and excluded large groups:
• Immigrants, women , and african americans
Slide
4 Union Demands
Unions had consistent demands:
• shorter workday
• Fair pay
• safer workplaces
Unions used collective bargaining to negotiate.
• Negotiations by union union leaders on behalf of a group of
workers
5 Local Unions Take Action
A strike is a strategic work stoppage designed to put pressure
on an employer .
One of the first strikes in the country was organized by the lowell mill girls.
• Protested wage cuts
• Paved the way for the future of labor
Slide
8 The Knights of Labor (KOL)
The first major national labor organization
• Organized skilled and unskilled workers across different
industries
• Admitted women and African Americans
• Advocated for an eight -hour workday and an end to child
labor
• Organized into independent, local units
• Led by Terence Powderly, who preferred negations over
strikes
Terence Powderly (1849–1924)
• Started his career as a machinist
• Joined knights of labor and became its most effective leader
• Supported negotiations and mediation instead of striking
• Believed African Americans, women and Hispanics should be included
in unions
Slide
10 Employers’ Response to Labor’s Growth
Reduced
Shorter hours
productivity
More Higher
workers costs
Lower
profits
lockout – Temporary shutdown of a company by management
arbitration – The settling of a dispute by submitting to the decision of an
outside party
Slide
10 Lockouts and Arbitration in Sports

REAL-WORLD CONNECTION
Americans got a close-up look at the lockout process when NFL
owners locked out their players in the summer of 2011 to force them
to sign a new labor agreement.
Baseball players have an arbitration system that is set up in a way to
encourage players and teams to avoid salary disputes.
13 The Eight-Hour Workday

• The Knights of Labor and other unions organized strikes , parades, and
local actions.
• First, unions succeeded in reducing the workday to 10 hours.
• The 8 -hour day became the standard across industries.
Slide
13 Union Growth
knights of labor Membership

800
Members (in thousands)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1878 1879 1880 1883 1885 1886
Year
15 The American Federation of Labor
• Led by samuel gompers
• Brought together skilled workers from many different industries
• Did not welcome women and often excluded african americans
• Demanded shorter hours, safer conditions, and the right to
organize and form unions
• Focused on issues universal to all workers
Slide
15 Samuel Gompers (1850–1924)
Gompers was the first and longest-serving president of the AFL.
He made the AFL the largest and most influential labor
organization in the world.
Gompers believed unions could achieve social reform by:
• improving economic conditions
• maintaining politcal independence
17 Why the AFL Succeeded Where the KOL Failed
• The AFL only admitted skilled workers.
• The AFL was better organized .
• The AFL’s focus was on common issues.
However, there were still tensions between tension and non-union
workers.
Slide
18 The Knights of Labor and the AFL
Knights of American Federation

labor of labor
Admitted skilled and Admitted skilled
Group of smaller
unskilled workers only
member unions
workers Excluded women
Fought to
Admitted women african
and
and African improve americans
Americans lives
of workers Was well funded
Was poorly
organized and organized
The American Federation of Labor Today

REAL-WORLD CONNECTION
The AFL continues to be a powerful force today. In 1955, it merged with another
union, the congress of industrial organization , to form the
afl/cio .
Summary Labor Unions
? Lesson How did the labor movement in America try to improve the lives of
Question workers?
Answer
Slide
2 Review: Reasons for Labor Unions
Workers formed labor unions to fight against poor .
• Unions used .
• Unions sometimes limited membership based on and
• Local unions used to show their power.
Review: The Rise of National Labor
The Knights of Labor
The leader preferred

It organized workers
It lacked strong
across to
, but
structure.
industries.
violence still occurred.
Employer Responses
Employers sometimes used Managers pushed for
to shut out to avoid
workers. .
Slide
2 Review: Labor Gains Ground
Labor leaders won the -hour workday and ended labor.
Unions grew quickly in the late .
The of Labor became more organized and
replaced the of Labor.
The AFL focused on issues.
The is the largest federation of unions in the US today.
Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson.

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Warm-Up Labor Unions

The Rise of Unskilled Labor

• Many early and workers were unskilled.

• Unskilled workers were more easily .

Conditions for Unskilled Workers

• -hour work days

Dangerous work conditions:

The Rise of Child Labor

Labor Participation of Children

The Divide between Worker and Owner

On the other hand, were making unprecedented amounts of

and throwing ever-more outrageous parties to show off their

. The lavish lifestyle of rich was completely different

from the horrible and conditions that most people

• Trace the development of the early movement in America

• Compare and contrast the of Labor and the

of Labor with respect to their

, membership, goals, and ideologies

• Examine the reasons for the growth of

lockout A. the negotiations by union leaders on behalf of a

arbitration B. a temporary shutdown by company ownership or

C. an organization of workers for the purpose of

D. a strategic work stoppage designed to put

E. the settling of a dispute by submitting to the

Craft Guilds Trade Unions

• Skilled craftspeople • Skilled workers

• Apprentice system • Protested lower wages

• Limited entry • Resented use of

advancing its members’ common interest .

Workers usually formed unions within a single field or industry .

They were often small and local to a particular business or factory.

Unions often limited their memberships and excluded large groups:

• Immigrants, women , and african americans

Unions used collective bargaining to negotiate.

• Negotiations by union union leaders on behalf of a group of

5 Local Unions Take Action

A strike is a strategic work stoppage designed to put pressure

• Protested wage cuts

• Paved the way for the future of labor

8 The Knights of Labor (KOL)

The first major national labor organization

• Organized skilled and unskilled workers across different

• Admitted women and African Americans

• Advocated for an eight -hour workday and an end to child

• Organized into independent, local units

• Led by Terence Powderly, who preferred negations over

Terence Powderly (1849–1924)

• Started his career as a machinist

• Joined knights of labor and became its most effective leader

• Supported negotiations and mediation instead of striking

• Believed African Americans, women and Hispanics should be included

10 Employers’ Response to Labor’s Growth

lockout – Temporary shutdown of a company by management

arbitration – The settling of a dispute by submitting to the decision of an

10 Lockouts and Arbitration in Sports

Americans got a close-up look at the lockout process when NFL

to sign a new labor agreement.

Baseball players have an arbitration system that is set up in a way to

encourage players and teams to avoid salary disputes.