Database Management System

Unit: 1
Database system architecture: Data Abstraction, Data Independence, Data Definition
Language (DDL), Data Manipulation Language (DML). Data models: Entity-relationship
model, network model, relational and object oriented data models, integrity constraints, data
manipulation operations.

Unit: 2
Relational query languages: Relational algebra, Tuple and domain relational calculus, SQL3,
DDL and DML constructs, Open source and Commercial DBMS - MYSQL, ORACLE, DB2,
SQL server. Relational database design: Domain and data dependency, Armstrong's
axioms, Normal forms, Dependency preservation, Lossless design. Query processing and
optimization: Evaluation of relational algebra expressions, Query equivalence, Join
strategies, Query optimization algorithms.

Unit: 3
Storage strategies: Indices, B-trees, hashing, Transaction processing: Concurrency control,
ACID property, Serializability of scheduling, Locking and timestamp based schedulers,
Multi-version and optimistic Concurrency Control schemes, Database recovery.

Unit: 4
Database Security: Authentication, Authorization and access control, DAC, MAC and RBAC
models, Intrusion detection, SQL injection. Advanced topics: Object oriented and object
relational databases, Logical databases, Web databases, Distributed databases, Data
warehousing and data mining.

Data Structure & Algorithms

Unit 1:
Introduction: Basic Terminologies: Concept of Data Structure, Choice of right Data Structure,
Algorithms , how to design and develop algorithm , Complexity of algorithm. Operations:
insertion, deletion, traversal etc.; Analysis of an Algorithm, Searching: Linear Search and
Binary Search Techniques and their complexity analysis.
 Unit 2:
Stacks and Queues: Stack and its operations: Algorithms and their complexity analysis,
Applications of Stacks: Expression Conversion and evaluation -corresponding algorithms
and complexity analysis. queue, Types of Queue: Simple Queue, Circular Queue, Priority
Queue; Operations on each types of Queues: Algorithms and their analysis.

Unit 3:
Linked Lists: Singly linked lists: Representation in memory, Algorithms of several operations:
Traversing, Searching, Insertion into, Deletion from linked list; Linked representation of Stack
and Queue, Header nodes, Doubly linked list: operations on it and algorithmic analysis;
Circular Linked Lists: all operations their algorithms and the complexity analysis. Trees:
Basic Tree Terminologies, Different types of Trees: Binary Tree, Threaded Binary Tree,
Binary Search Tree, AVL Tree; Tree operations on each of the trees and their algorithms
with complexity analysis. Applications of Binary Trees. B Tree, B+ Tree: definitions,
algorithms and analysis.

Unit 4:
Sorting and Hashing: Objective and properties of different sorting algorithms: Selection Sort,
Bubble Sort, Insertion Sort, Selection Sort Quick Sort, Merge Sort, Heap Sort; Performance
and Comparison among all the methods.
Graph: Basic Terminologies and Representations, Graph search and traversal algorithms
and complexity analysis.

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

UNIT 1:
FUNDAMENTALS OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND LOGIC FAMILIES
Digital signals, digital circuits, AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and Exclusive-OR operations,
Boolean algebra, examples of IC gates, number systems-binary, signed binary, octal
hexadecimal number, binary arithmetic, one’s and two’s complements arithmetic, codes,
error detecting and correcting codes.

UNIT 2:
COMBINATIONAL DIGITALCIRCUITS
Standard representation for logic functions, K-map representation, and simplification of logic
functions using K-map, minimization of logical functions. Don’t care conditions, Multiplexer,
De-Multiplexer/Decoders, Adders, Subtractors, BCD arithmetic, carry look ahead adder,
serial adder, ALU, elementary ALU design, popular MSI chips, digital comparator, parity
checker/generator, code converters, priority encoders, decoders/drivers for display devices,
Q-M method of function realization.

UNIT 3:
SEQUENTIAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS A 1-bit memory, the circuit properties of Bistable
latch, the clocked SR flip flop, J- K-T and D types flip flops, applications of flip flops, shift
registers, applications of shift registers, serial to parallel converter, parallel to serial
converter, ring counter, sequence generator, ripple (Asynchronous) counters, synchronous
counters, counters design using flip flops, special counter IC’s, asynchronous sequential
counters, applications of counters.

UNIT 4:
A/D AND D/A CONVERTERS
Digital to analog converters: weighted resistor/converter, R-2R Ladder D/A converter,
specifications for D/A converters, examples of D/A converter lCs, sample and hold circuit,
Analog to digital converters: quantization and encoding, parallel comparator A/D converter,
successive approximation A/D converter, counting A/D converter, dual slope A/D converter,

SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES AND PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES

Python Programming

Unit 1:
Introduction: Fundamental ideas in computer science; modern computer systems, installing
Python; basic syntax, interactive shell, editing, saving, and running a script; The concept of
data types; variables, assignments; numerical types; arithmetic operators and expressions;
comments in the program; understanding error messages; Control statements: if-else, loops
(for, while)

Unit 2:
Strings, text files: String manipulations: subscript operator, indexing, slicing a string; strings
and number system: converting strings to numbers and vice versa. Binary, octal,
hexadecimal numbers;text files: reading/writing text and numbers from/to a file; creating and
reading a formatted file (csv or tab-separated).

Unit 3:
Lists, dictionary and Design with functions: Basic list operators, replacing, inserting,
removing an element; searching and sorting lists; dictionary literals, adding, and removing
keys, accessing and replacing values; traversing dictionaries. Hiding redundancy,
complexity; arguments and return values; Program structure and design. Recursive
functions.

Unit 4:
Object Oriented concepts: Classes and OOP: classes, objects, attributes and methods;
defining classes; design with classes, data modelling; persistent storage of objects,
Inheritance, polymorphism, operator overloading; abstract classes; exception handling, try
block.

Mathematics-III (Multivariable Calculus and Differential Equations)

Unit-I
Multivariable Differential Calculus: Limit, Continuity and Partial derivatives, Homogeneous
functions, Euler’s Theorem, Total derivative, Maxima, Minima and Saddle points, Lagrange’s
method of undetermined multipliers

Unit-II
Multivariable Integral Calculus: Double integral, Change of order of integration, Change of
variables, Applications of double integral to find area enclosed by plane curves, Triple
integral

Unit-III
Ordinary Differential Equations of first order: Linear and Bernoulli’s equations, Exact
differential equations, Equations reducible to exact differential equations, Applications of
differential equations of first order and first degree to simple electric circuits, Newton’s law of
cooling, Heat flow and Orthogonal trajectories

Unit-IV
Ordinary Differential equations of second and higher order: Linear differential equations of
second and higher order, Complete solution, Complementary function and Particular
integral, Method of variation of parameters to find particular integral, Cauchy’s and
Legendre’s linear equations, Simultaneous linear differential equations with constant
coefficients, Applications of linear differential equations to oscillatory electric circuits.

ECONOMICS FOR ENGINEERS

UNIT-1
Definition of Economics- Various definitions, types of economics- Micro and Macro
Economics, nature of economic problem, Production Possibility Curve, Economic laws and
their nature, Relationship between Science, Engineering, Technology and Economic
Development.
Demand- Meaning of Demand, Law of Demand, Elasticity of Demand- meaning, factors
effecting it, its practical application and importance,

UNIT 2
Production- Meaning of Production and factors of production, Law of variable proportions,
and Returns to scale, Internal external economies and diseconomies of scale. Various
concepts of cost of production- Fixed cost, Variable cost, Money cost, Real cost, Accounting
cost, Marginal cost, Opportunity cost. Shape of Average cost, Marginal cost, Total cost etc.
in short run and long run.

UNIT-3
Market- Meaning of Market, Types of Market- Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic
Competition and Oligopoly (main features). Supply- Supply and law of supply, Role of
demand & supply in price determination and effect of changes in demand and supply on
prices.

UNIT-4
Indian Economy- Nature and characteristics of Indian economy as under developed,
developing and mixed economy (brief and elementary introduction), Privatization - meaning,
merits and demerits. Globalization of Indian economy - merits and demerits. Banking-
Concept of a Bank, Commercial Bank- functions, Central Bank- functions, Difference
between Commercial & Central Bank.