Philippine Rebellions Dagami

Revolt (1565–1567)
The Dagami Revolt was a revolt led by the Dagami family who came from the island of Leyte in
1567. This involved a group of 16 led by Dagami, who was the chieftain of Gabi (part of the
present-day town of Palo). The insurrection was short-lived and mainly involved the
assassinations of Spanish soldiers. The first incident took place on May 23, 1565 in Cebu where
the group ambushed Pedro de Arana, who was an aide to Miguel López de Legazpi, the Spanish
Governor of the Philippines. Dagami led a series of attacks, which baffled authorities for a time.
By December 1566, Legazpi finally summoned the local datus and forced them to identify who
the culprits were after two more Spaniards died of poisoning. Dagami was captured and
executed where de Arana was killed.

Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574)

The Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt, also known as the Tagalog Revolt, was an uprising in 1574
by
Lakandula and Rajah Sulayman in Tondo, Manila. The revolt occurred in the same year as the
Chinese pirate Limahong attacked the palisaded yet poorly defended enclosure of Intramuros.
This revolt was caused by losing Soliman and Lakandula's kingdom when they were defeated by
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi to accept the Spanish sovereignty on the promise that they would be
well-treated by the Spaniards and would still retain some of their royal and political powers.
When Guido de Lavezaris replaced Legaspi as Governor General of the Philippines, he revoked
their exemptions from paying tribute and confiscated their lands. Father Martin convinced
Lakandula and Soliman to abort the revolt and promised to grant their privileges. Nevertheless,
Soliman continued his revolt which was brutally crushed in 1574.

Pampanga Revolt (1585)

The Pampanga Revolt was an uprising in 1585 by some native Kapampangan leaders who
resented the Spanish landowners, or encomenderos who had deprived them of their historical
land inheritances as tribal chiefs or Datus. The revolt included a plot to storm Intramuros, but
the conspiracy was foiled before it could begin after a Filipino woman married to a Spanish
soldier reported the plot to the Spanish authorities. Spanish and Filipino colonial troops were
sent by Governor-General Santiago de Vera, and the leaders of the revolt were arrested and
summarily executed by Christian Cruz-Herrera.

Magalat Revolt (1596)

The Magalat Revolt was an uprising in 1596, led by Magalat, a rebel from Cagayan. He had been
arrested in Manila for inciting rebellion against the Spanish. He was later released after some
urging by some Dominican priests, and returned to Cagayan. Together with his brother, he
urged the entire country to revolt. He was said to have committed atrocities against his fellow
natives for refusing to rise up against the Spaniards. He soon controlled the countryside, and the
Spanish eventually found themselves besieged. The Spanish Governor-General Francisco de
Tello de Guzmán sent Pedro de Chaves from Manila with Spanish and Filipino colonial troops.
They fought successfully against the rebels, and captured and executed several leaders under
Magalat. Magalat himself was assassinated within his fortified headquarters by his own men.

Igorot Revolt (1601)

By order of the Governor-General Francisco de Tello de Guzmán an expedition was sent to the
Cordillera region for religious conversion purposes with the aid of Padre Esteban Marin. Marin,
the curate of Ilocos at that time, tried initially to convince the Igorots to convert peacefully to
Catholicism. Marin allegedly even tried to create his own dictionary in the Igorot language to
advance this cause. The Igorots, however, killed Marin and the Governor-General sent Captain
Aranda with Spanish and Lumad foot soldiers. The revolt was short-lived as Aranda made use of
extreme measures and executed them quickly to dispel the revolt in the Cordillera region.

Tamblot Revolt (1621–1622)

The Tamblot Revolt or the Tamblot Uprising, was a religious uprising in the island of Bohol, led
by Tamblot in 1621. The Jesuits first came to Bohol in 1596 and eventually governed the island
and converted the Boholanos to the Catholic faith. Tamblot, a babaylan or native priest, urged
his fellow Boholanos to return to the old belief of their forefathers.[10] The revolt began on the
day when the Jesuits were in Cebu, celebrating the feast day of St. Francis Xavier. It was finally
crushed on New Year's Day, in 1622. Tamblot was executed and his head was severed on a pike
to serve as a warning to the populace.

Bankaw (Bancao) Revolt (1621–1622)

The Bankaw Revolt was a religious uprising against Spanish colonial rule led by Bancao, the datu
of Carigara, in the present-day Carigara in Leyte. Bankaw had warmly received Miguel López de
Legazpi as his guest, when he first arrived in the Philippines in 1565. Although baptized as a
Catholic in his youth, he abandoned this faith in later years. With a babaylan, or religious leader
named Pagali, he built a temple for a diwata or local goddess, and pressed six towns to rise up in
revolt. Similar to the Tamblot Uprising, Pagali used magic to attract followers, and claimed that
they could turn the Spaniards into clay by hurling bits of earth at them.

Itneg Revolt (1625–1627)

The Itneg Revolt, or the Mandaya Revolt, was a religious uprising led by Miguel Lanab and
Alababan. The two were previously baptized as Catholics against their will and were from the
Itneg or Mandaya tribe of Capinatan, in northwestern Cagayan, in the Philippines. The region is
now part of the landlocked province of Apayao. Miguel Lanab and Alababan killed, beheaded
and mutilated two Dominican missionaries, Father Alonzo Garcia and Brother Onofre Palao, who
were sent by the Spanish colonial government to convert the Itneg people to Christianity. After
cutting Father Garcia's body into pieces, they fed his flesh to a herd of pigs. Afterwards, they
compelled their fellow Itnegs to loot, desecrate Catholic images, set fire to the local churches,
and escape with them to the mountains. In 1626, Governor-General Fernándo de Silva sent
Spanish and foot soldier colonial troops to suppress the rebellion. They destroyed farms and
other sources of food to starve the Itnegs, and forced them to surrender in 1627.
Sumuroy Revolt (1649–50)
In the town of Palapag today in Northern Samar, Agustin Sumuroy, a Waray, and some of his
followers rose in arms on June 1, 1649 over the polo y servicio or forced labor system being
undertaken in Samar. This is known as the Sumuroy Revolt, named after Agustin Sumuroy. The
government in Manila directed that all natives subject to the polo are not to be sent to places
distant from their hometowns to do their forced labor. However, under orders of the various
town alcaldes, or mayors, The Waray were being sent to the shipyards of Cavite to do their polo
y servicio, which sparked the revolt. The local parish priest of Palapag was murdered and the
revolt eventually spread to Mindanao, Bicol and the rest of the Visayas, especially in places such
as Cebu, Masbate, Camiguin, Zamboanga, Albay, Camarines and parts of northern Mindanao,
such as Surigao. A rebel government was successfully established in the mountains of Samar.
The defeat, capture and execution of Sumuroy in June 1650 delivered a big setback to the
revolt. His trusted co conspirator David Dula sustained the quest for freedom with greater vigor
but in one of a fierce battles several years later, he was wounded, captured and later executed
in Palapag, Northern Samar by the Spaniards together with his seven key lieutenants.

Maniago/Pampanga Revolt (1660–1661)

The Maniago Revolt was an uprising in Pampanga during the 1660s named after its leader,
Francisco Maniago. During that time, Pampanga drew most of the attention from the Spanish
religious orders because of its relative wealth. They also bore the burden of more tribute, forced
labor, and rice exploitation. They were made to work for eight months under unfair conditions
and were not paid for their labor and for the rice purchased from them. Their patience was put
to the limit and they signified their intention to revolt by setting their campsite on fire. The fight
soon began and because the Spaniards were busy fighting against the Dutch, they were badly
depleted by the Kapampangans. The Maniago revolt was the start of a much bigger and even
bloodier revolt in Pangasinan. This battle was led by a man named Andres Malong who had
heeded the call of Maniago to revolt against the Spaniards.

Malong Revolt (1660–1661)

Andres Malong was the maestro de campo of Binalatongan, now San Carlos City, Pangasinan in
the 1660s. He assisted many Spaniards in governing different towns in Pangasinan, and as such,
had learned and was trained to use force and cruelty. He hoped of being the King of the
province, however, set this plan aside when a war, led by Francisco Maniago, broke out in
Pampanga. Malong started his campaign in a small barangay called Malunguey, but failed.
Having the same condition as in Pampanga, he led the people in Pangasinan to take up arms
against the Spaniards. It spread like wild fire in Pangasinan. Because of his success, he
proclaimed himself King of Pangasinan.

Almazan Revolt (January 1661)

A part of the chain to the Malong Revolt was the Ilocos Revolt led by Don Pedro Almazan,
illustrious and wealthy leader from San Nicolas, Laoag, Ilocos Norte. The letters sent by Don
Andres Malong ("King of Pangasinan") narrating the defeat of the Spaniards in his area and
urging other provinces to rise in arms failed to obtain any support among the natives. During the
revolt, Don Pedro Almazan proclaimed himself "King of Ilocos", but was later captured and
executed. He also had a son which the Ilocanos proclaimed their prince

Dagohoy Rebellion (1744–1825)

In 1744 in what is now the province of Bohol, what is known today as the Dagohoy Revolt was
undertaken by Francisco Dagohoy and his followers. This revolt is unique since it is the only
revolt completely related to matters of religious customs, although unlike the Tamblot Uprising
before it, which was not a complete religious rebellion. After a duel in which Dagohoy's brother
died, the local parish priest refused to give his brother a proper Catholic burial, since dueling is a
mortal sin. The refusal of the priest eventually led to the longest revolt ever held in Philippine
history: 85 years. It also led to the establishment of a free Boholano government. Twenty
governors-general, from Juan Arrechederra to Mariano Ricafort Palacin y Abarca, failed to stop
the revolt. Ricafort himself sent a force of 2,200 foot soldiers to Bohol, which was defeated by
Dagohoy's followers. Another attack, also sent by Ricafort in 1828 and 1829, failed as well.
Dagohoy died two years before the revolt ended, though, which led to the end of the revolt in
1829. Some 19,000 survivors were granted pardon and were eventually allowed to live in new
Boholano villages:
namely, the present-day towns of Balilihan, Batuan, Bilar (Vilar), Catigbian and Sevilla (Cabulao).

Silang Revolt (1762–1763)

Arguably one of the most famous revolts in Philippine history is the Silang Revolt from 1762 to
1763, led by the couple Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang. Unlike the other revolts, this revolt
took place during the British invasion of Manila. On December 14, 1762, Diego Silang declared
the independence of Ilocandia, naming the state "Free Ilocos" and proclaimed Vigan the capital
of this newly independent state. The British heard about this revolt in Manila and even asked
the help of Silang in fighting the Spanish. However, Silang was killed on May 28, 1763 by Miguel
Vicos, a friend of Silang. The Spanish authorities paid for his murder, leading to his death in the
arms of his wife, Gabriela. She continued her husband's struggle, earning the title "Joan of Arc of
the Ilocos" because of her many victories in battle. The battles of the Silang revolt are a prime
example of the use of divide et impera, since Spanish troops largely used Kapampangan soldiers
to fight the Ilocanos. Eventually, the revolt ended with the defeat of the Ilocanos. Gabriela
Silang was executed by Spanish authorities in Vigan on September 10, 1763.

Pule Revolt (1840–1841)

One of the most famous religious revolts is the Pule Revolt, more formally known as the
Religious Revolt of Hermano Pule. Undertaken between June 1840 and November 1841, this
revolt was led by Apolinario de la Cruz, otherwise known as "Hermano Pule". De la Cruz started
his own religious order, the Confraternity of Saint Joseph (Spanish: Confradia de San José) in
Lucban, located in the present-day province of Quezon (then called Tayabas), in June 1840.
However, there were two types of priests in the Philippines then: secular priests, or parish
priests, which were usually Indio, and religious priests, or convent priests, which were usually
Spanish. Due to the concentration of Spanish religious power and authority in the already-
established religious orders (the Augustinians, Jesuits and Franciscans to name a few) and the
concept that Filipino priests should only stay in the church and not the convent and vice versa
(although this was not always followed), the Spanish government banned the new order,
especially due to its deviation from original Catholic rituals and teachings, such as prayers and
rituals suited for Filipinos. However, thousands of people in Tayabas, Batangas, Laguna and even
Manila already joined. Because of this, the Spanish government sent in troops to forcibly break
up the order, forcing De la Cruz and his followers to rise in armed revolt in self-defense. Many
bloody battles were fought with the order's last stand in Mount San Cristobal, near Mount
Banahaw, in October 1841. The Spaniards eventually won, and Apolinario de la Cruz was
executed on November 4, 1841 in the then-provincial capital, Tayabas.

AGRARIAN UPRISINGS-1750
~Agrarian In nature(Agrarian pertains to Cultivation, Farming, Land)
~Due to Land Grabbing of Religious Orders
~The lands taken by the religious orders were then leased to Primary Tenants or Inquilinos who
would lease them to Real Farmers for cultivations

~Summary
A letter by Fernando VI to the Manila Audiencia (November 7, 1751) expresses his approval of
the proceedings of Auditor Enriquez in pacifying the insurgent Indians of certain villages near
Manila and in Bulacan—a revolt caused by the usurpation of Indian lands by the managers of
the friar estates, and the fraudulent proceedings of government officials who aided such
usurpation. Enriquez had pacified the natives, deprived the friars of such lands as they held
illegally, and distributed these among those natives who were aggrieved; he also investigated
the titles by which the orders held their estates, and regulated the proper boundaries of their
lands. The king also commands the Manila government to exercise vigilant care for the welfare
of the Indians, and to notify them that in their difficulties they must have recourse to the royal
fiscal for redress or aid.