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    Vishal GOC 8

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    Bhaskar Harshit
    This document provides a summary of topics to be covered in General Organic Chemistry classes for grades 11-12 and medical entrance exam preparation. The topics include hyperconjugation, n bond resonance, Baker-Nathan effect, and sigma p orbital resonance. Hyperconjugation is discussed in detail for carbocations, free radicals, and alkenes. It is explained that stability increases with the number of alpha hydrogens which allows for more hyperconjugating structures through n bond resonance. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts and how to determine the number of contributing structures.

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    Vishal GOC 8

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar Harshit
    118 views28 pages
    This document provides a summary of topics to be covered in General Organic Chemistry classes for grades 11-12 and medical entrance exam preparation. The topics include hyperconjugation, n bond resonance, Baker-Nathan effect, and sigma p orbital resonance. Hyperconjugation is discussed in detail for carbocations, free radicals, and alkenes. It is explained that stability increases with the number of alpha hydrogens which allows for more hyperconjugating structures through n bond resonance. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts and how to determine the number of contributing structures.

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    This document provides a summary of topics to be covered in General Organic Chemistry classes for grades 11-12 and medical entrance exam preparation. The topics include hyperconjugation, n bond resonance, Baker-Nathan effect, and sigma p orbital resonance. Hyperconjugation is discussed in detail for carbocations, free radicals, and alkenes. It is explained that stability increases with the number of alpha hydrogens which allows for more hyperconjugating structures through n bond resonance. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts and how to determine the number of contributing structures.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    118 views28 pages

    Vishal GOC 8

    Uploaded by

    Bhaskar Harshit
    This document provides a summary of topics to be covered in General Organic Chemistry classes for grades 11-12 and medical entrance exam preparation. The topics include hyperconjugation, n bond resonance, Baker-Nathan effect, and sigma p orbital resonance. Hyperconjugation is discussed in detail for carbocations, free radicals, and alkenes. It is explained that stability increases with the number of alpha hydrogens which allows for more hyperconjugating structures through n bond resonance. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts and how to determine the number of contributing structures.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 28

    General Organic Chemistry

    Class – 11 & 12 & droppers


    NEET-AIIMS
    JEE-Mains/Advance

    Vishal Tiwari
    Expert Faculty Kota
    Topics which will be covered
    1. Hyper Conjugation
    2. No Bond Resonance
    3. Baker Nathan Effect
    4. Sigma P orbital Reso....
    Questions
    Hyper Conjugation
    • Stability of carbocation
    • Stability of Free Radical
    • Stability of Alkenes
    Before we proceed further we should have knowledge
    about a carbon and a hydrogen.
    a-Carbon
    1. System se directly juda carbon is called a-Carbon.
    2. a-Carbon must be Sp3 Hybridized.
    System means Carbocation / Free Radical / Alkenes.

    CH3–CH2 CH 3 – C H 2 CH3–CH=CH2
    Super Example
    Que. Find no. of a-H present in molecule.
    H CH3 CH3 CH3
    C=C C=C
    H CH3 CH3
    CH3

    CH
    H
    C

    Bato hi Bato mein
    • a carbon is that carbon which is directly attached to system.
    • a carbon must be Sp3.

    Let’s study now Hyper Conjugation


    Hyper Conjugation
    Hyper conjugation occurs in
    (1) Carbocation CH3–CH2

    (2) Free Radical CH 3 – C H 2
    (3) Alkene CH3–CH=CH2
    Condition of Hyper Conjugation
    Carbocation ,free radical, alkenes must have alpha Hydrogen.
    Hyper conjugation in carbocation
     H
    CH 3 – C H 2 H—C—CH2

    H
     H
    H H
      
    H—C=CH2  C=CH2 H—C=CH2
    H
    H H 
    H

    No Bond Resonance
    Bato hi Bato Mein

    • Num of Hyper conjugating structures = No. of a H


    IIT-1996
    Que : Draw all the No Bond resonating structures possible.
    Que : How many Hyper Conjugating structures are possible.
    CH3 CH3
    |  |
    CH3–C–CH–CH–CH3 2 a Hydrogen
    |
    H
    ( IIT JEE– 2011 )
    Que. Find no. of contributing structures.

    H3C–C–CH2–CH3
    aHydrogen  6
    Super Example
    Que : Check stability order :

      CH3  CH3 
    CH3 CH3–CH2 CH CH3 C
    CH3 CH3
    Hyper conjugation in Free Radical
     H H•
    CH 3 – C H 2 H
    •
    C–CH2 H C=CH2
    H H
    H
    H• C=CH2
    H
    H
    H C=CH2
    H•
    Bato hi Bato mein
    more num of a Hydrogen in carbocation
    more num of a Hydrogen in Free-Radical

    more num of No Bond Resonating Structures.

    more stable
    Hyper conjugation in Alkene
    H
    CH3–CH=CH2
    H C—CH== CH2
    H
    +
    H H
    Θ Θ H
    H C== CH—CH2 + Θ
    H C== CH—CH2 H C== CH—CH2
    H H +
    H

    3 a Hydrogen = 3 No Bond Resonating structures


    Super Example
    Que: Which is more stable:
    H CH3 CH3 CH3 H CH3
    C=C C=C C=C
    H CH3 H H CH3 H
    (a) (b) (c)
    • If no. of aH is same : -
    that structure is more stable, in which max a-H occurs on
    single carbon. (a)  6 aH on single carbon
    (b)  3 aH + 3 aH
    Trans > cis
    (c)  3 aH + 3 aH
    Super Example
    Que : Which will show more Hyper conjugation:
    CH3+ CD3+
    CH3CH2 + CD3CH2+
    Super Example
    Que : Which will show more Hyper conjugation:
    Super Example
    Que : Which will show more Hyper conjugation:
    Bato hi Bato me
    Hyper conjugation generates H3C—CH3=CH2
    • Double bond character in single bond. 
    H
    • Single bond character in double bond. H C=CH2–CH
    Θ
    2
    H

    Hyper conjugation dominates INDUCTIVE effect.


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