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Computer architecture

Book · January 1990

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John L. Hennessy
Stanford University
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 Fall 09

CS 35101 – 600
Computer Architecture
Department of Computer Science
Kent State University Stark
TR 2:00 PM – 3:15 PM - Room MH 303

Instructor: Dr. Angela Guercio

Office: 424, Main Hall
Phone: 330 244-3424 (KSU ext. 53424)
Office Hours: TR 10:00am - 10:55am 12:25pm - 1:55pm 4:55pm - 5:25pm
other times are available by appointment
Best way to contact me: e-mail to [email protected]

Course Information
Class Webpage: http://www.personal.kent.edu/~aguercio/Fall09/CS35101-600Fa09.html
• all important class information will be posted on the class webpage, readings,
assignments, notes, deadlines, cancellations, etc..
• You must CHECK THE CLASS WEBSITE REGULARLY!!!

Prerequisites: CS23021 with a grade of C or better.

This means that a C- in CS23021 is not sufficient to meet the prerequisite.
For more details, please visit
http://www.cs.kent.edu/programs/ugrad/planner.html
Credit: 3 Credit Hours
Required Text:
D. Patterson, J. Hennessy – Computer Organization and Design – Morgan Kaufmann
Elsevier, 4th Edition, 2005, ISBN: 978-0-12-374493-7
Companion site of the book:
http://www.elsevierdirect.com/companion.jsp?ISBN=9780123744937

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Emergency: In case of an emergency please contact the security on campus.
Security phone on campus: #53123
Security cell phone (330) 705-0430 or, of course, 911.
I recommend that you program into your cell phone the previous numbers.

Course Outline and Objectives

This course will introduce you to the fundamentals of computer architecture. The
course provides a functional overview of computer systems, interconnection of basic
components, system performance measures, instruction set design, arithmetic logic unit,
control unit, memory system, pipelining, interrupts and input-output.
The course covers topics such as:
• Computer Architecture Intro
• Instructions: Language of the Computer
• Intro to MIPS instruction set, addressing in MIPS
• Arithmetic for Computers (Datapath)
• Datapath elements overview
• Assessing and Understanding Performance
• The Simple Processor: Datapath and Control (Datapath, Control)
• Single cycle implementation, multi-cycle implementation, interrupts and
exceptions
• Enhancing Performance with Pipelining (Datapath, Control)
• Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy (Memory)
• Memory Hierarchy, Cache and virtual memory Storage, Networks, and
Other Peripherals (Input , Output)
• I/O Control methods, System Bus, Synchronization of control

Students will
• deepen the knowledge of the components of a computer;
• learn in depth a sample machine language;
• become familiar with the path that data follow during execution;
• learn how to measure computer performance;
• understand how to improve performance with pipelining;
• be exposed to efficient memory storage;
• understand how the communication computer-external environment
occurs.

The course satisfies a requirement for the Computer Science major and minor
and is the prerequisite of other courses in the CS major.

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Class Requirements and Expectations
• Regular class attendance is REQUIRED.

There tends to be a strong correlation between class attendance

and grade performance. If you will miss a class, let me know
ahead of time. In any case, you are responsible for bringing
yourself up to date on class material and assignments.

Since class participation and regular attendance are part of the

final grade, if you miss more than 4 classes without a
documented reason or without making prior arrangements
with me, your final grade will be dropped one grade (A to B,
B+ to C+ and so on).

• Reading ahead is REQUIRED.

The readings are posted online on the class webpage. You must
read the material before class and again after the class.

Regular study of the material is REQUIRED.

• COMPLETE the assigned homework (i.e. projects and exercises).

There will be 8 assignments in the course. I will retain the right

to change the number of assignments if necessary.

The class webpage will list the assignments for each week at the
beginning of that week so that you can better schedule your
work.

• REVIEW the graded Homework/Projects.

Homework and Projects will be graded and difficulties will be

discussed in class. Review the mistakes after discussion and
learn from them.

Late Homework/Projects will not be accepted if returned after

the solution is given or discussed.

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 If you have difficulties doing your homework or your project
please contact me or come to see me. Do not procrastinate!
Homework and Projects should be started immediately.

• Return work ON TIME

All the homework and project should be e-mailed as an

attachment to [email protected]. Multiple files should be
zipped. In any case a printed copy MUST be returned to the
instructor as well unless stated otherwise.

All the printed copies of the Homework or the Projects are due
before or at the beginning of class. All assignments,
either printed or submitted via e-mail, turned in one day late will
get 3 points per day penalty including those returned after the
beginning of class.

For all Homework or Projects that are e-mailed, the instructor

will acknowledge the receipt within 24 hours via e-mail. The
time of your e-mail will be compared against the work deadline.
The reply is your receipt that the work has been turned in (not
that it is correct!). If you do not receive a receipt, it is YOUR
responsibility to contact me to see if the assignment has been
lost in transmission. Important: once you submit your files DO
NOT OPEN THEM AGAIN! If your e-mail didn’t reach me or
something happened to your files, I may need to ask you to
resubmit your files by logging on in my presence to check the
modification dates on your files and make sure that they haven’t
been modified after the due date.

What to expect to find in your Computer Architecture class

 The class should be interactive. In-class exercises are designed to encourage
participation. There will be cooperation between you and I, open
discussions about problems and possible solutions. You are responsible for
taking good notes. Handouts will be given only when necessary.

 You will be exposed to traditional lecture methods on the blackboard as

well as PowerPoint presentations. Your will participate in group activities
and collaborative learning will be used to discuss possible solutions to
problems as well as to provide critical observation to problem solutions.
Formal and informal groups will be formed in class to work together. In
some cases, you will be required to work on your own. In those cases, I
expect appropriate academic behavior from you. Exchange of information,
when forbidden, will not be tolerated.

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  In this course you will work mostly without a computer. However you will
perform simulation of computer execution over the computer blueprints.
The projects are designed to complement the theoretical studies and deepen
your understanding of the architectural complexity of a computing machine.
Exercises will be given to analyze and measure computer performance, to
simulate data behavior and to reinforce the ability to strive for the optimal
design of computer architecture.

The Secret Key (not so secret after all!) of how to succeed in this CS
class is to:
1. work conscientiously and do all the homework that has been assigned;
2. extrapolate, from the examples provided to you, techniques and answers
to problems;
3. spend several hours to solve problems as well as reading material;
4. be alert and participate in class discussions;
5. learn from other people mistakes;
6. be critical of your own work. Question every step you are making; ask
yourself “Is this step correct?” “Are there other easier or alternative and
more efficient steps? Did I use the theory in the appropriate way?”
7. attend class regularly;
8. spend time studying the theoretical concepts. Memory helps, but it is
practice that reinforces the theory;
9. do all the above consistently through the whole semester, be confident
about what you are doing and don’t be afraid to ask for help;
10. Think, think, think…. and enjoy!

I am very confident that you can make the above commitment and that you can
maintain it during the semester. I am sure that you have all the ability to be
successful!

Exams

There will be 2 100-points Mid-Term Exams which will cover

the topics of the previous 5 weeks.

The 100-points Final Exam will cover the topics of the last 5
weeks of the course.

All exams are closed books, closed notes.

Retake exams are not available.

Make-up exams will only be given in case of serious need

(written verification for your inability to take an exam is
required) and only when I have been notified prior to the exam

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 being issued, otherwise you are considered absent for that exam
and the grade of your exam is automatically 0.

Grading
Your grade will be based on
1. Your homework/projects
2. Your participation in discussions concerning the homework/projects
and class topics
3. Your participation in class discussions about reading material
4. Your attendance in class
5. Your exams

Participation 5%
Attendance 5%
Homework and Projects 40%
Exam 1 and 2 30%
Final Exam 20%

Points Grade
92.5-100 A
89.5-92.4 A-
87-89.5 B+
82.5-86.9 B
79.8-82.4 B-
77-79.8 C+
72-76.9 C
70-72 C-
60-69.9 D
00-59.9 F

Even though I have never found it necessary to change the grading distribution and
the number of assignments and exams specified in the syllabus during the semester,
I reserve the right to change the method of assigning grades, including changing
the number of assignments or exams if I consider it necessary.

Course Withdrawal
If you are considering withdrawing from this course, please inform your instructor
and consult with a staff member in the Student Services Office, 134 Main Hall.
Withdrawal from a course can affect financial aid, student status, or progress
within your major. For withdrawal deadlines, please refer to
http://www.registrars.kent.edu/home/TermUpdate/sche_adj.htm.

Academic Honesty Policy

When assignments must be individually and independently done, if some students
turn in substantially the same solution or program of another student, in my
judgment, the solution will be considered a group effort. All involved in the group
effort homework will receive a zero grade for that assignment. Policy on academic

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 dishonesty involving programming can be found at
http://www.cs.kent.edu/programs/grad/DishonestyPolicy.pdf.
Use of the intellectual property of others without attributing it to them is considered
a serious academic offense. Cheating or plagiarism will result in a failing grade for
the work or for the entire course. Repeat offenses result in dismissal from the
University. University guidelines require that all infractions be reported to the
Student Conduct Officer on our campus.

Students with Disabilities

Kent State University recognizes its responsibility for creating an institution
atmosphere in which students with disabilities can succeed. In accordance with
University Policy Subpart E…104.44, if you have a documented disability, you
may request accommodations to obtain equal access in this class. Please contact
the disability coordinator on campus, Kelly Kulick in Student Accessibility
Services, located in the Student Success Center, lower level of the Campus Center,
phone (330) 244-5047, or kkulick @kent.edu. After your eligibility for
accommodations is determined, you will be given a letter which, when presented to
instructors, will help us know best how to assist you.

Classes Canceled – Campus Closings

Announcements of class cancellations and/or campus closings will be made on the
campus home page. In the case of an emergency, weather-related or otherwise,
please check the web page at stark.kent.edu for information on the buildings and
times of the closing. While information may be broadcast by radio and television,
this should be confirmed by the web page, which is the official announcement of
the campus and which will be the information used to determine issues related to
student attendance, rescheduling of tests, and other concerns.

Conduct
Students and faculty behavior at the Stark Campus is governed by the guidelines
set forth in The Digest of Rules and Regulations. That document can be found in
the University telephone directory. Information can be found at the Office of
Judicial Affairs at http://www.kent.edu/administration/emsa/judicial.cfm.

Recycling
KSU Stark Campus recycles! Recycling saves energy, which is currently
generated by expensive and vanishing fossil fuels. Recycling one aluminum can
saves enough energy to run a TV for three hours! Please take a few seconds to
separate your trash. Aluminum cans and plastic and glass bottles may be placed in
the blue recycling bins, and all types of paper may be placed in the blue recycling
trash cans. All other waste may be placed in the black, brown or gray trash cans.

Important Dates to Remember

• Last day to withdraw before grade W is assigned, is Sept.13, 2009
• Last day to drop the class is Nov. 8, 2009
• Exam 1 is Thursday, Oct 1

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 • Exam 2 is Thursday, Nov 10
• Final Exam is Tuesday, Dec. 15 (1:00 pm – 3:00pm)

Thanksgiving Recess: Nov. 25 – Nov. 29

Classes End: Dec. 15, 2009

Tentative Outline of the Course

The Course
Month/Day Topic Reading Assignments and
Deadlines
1 Sept 1 Introduction to Computer Read Ch. 1
Architecture course
2 Sept 3 Intro to the Language of the Read Ch. 2.1 - HW1:
Computer: MIPS 2.3 Deadline: Sept 8
3 Sept 8 MIPS – Ch.2.3 – 2.5 Read Ch. 2.3 - HW2:
2.5 Deadline: Sept 15
4 Sept 10 Video Lecture

5 Sept 15 MIPS – Ch.2.6 – 2.9 Read Ch. 2.6 -

2.9
6 Sept 17 Arithmetic for Computers: Read Ch. 3.1 - HW3:
MIPS for ALU 3.3 Deadline: Sept 24
7 Sept 22 Arithmetic for Computers: Read Ch. 3.4 -
Overflow, Sign Extension, 3.5
Multiplication
8 Sept 24 Arithmetic for Computers: Read 3.6 and
Division, Floating Point. 3.8
9 Sept 29 Review

10 Oct 1 Exam 1

11 Oct 6 Amdhal's Law – The Read Ch. 4

Datapath and Control
12 Oct 8 The Datapath and Control HW4:
Deadline: Oct 15
13 Oct 13 Multicycle Datapath

14 Oct 15 Pipelining and Data Hazard

15 Oct 20 Review

16 Oct 22 Overcoming Data Hazard HW5:

Deadline: Oct 22
17 Oct 27 Control Hazards -
Reducing Branch cost

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 18 Oct 29 More on Branch HW:
Deadline: Nov 3
19 Nov 3 Understanding Performance

20 Nov 5 Review

21 Nov 10 Exam 2

22 Nov 12 Exploiting Memory Read 5.1-5.2

Hierarchy
23 Nov 17 Exploiting Memory Read ahead 5.3 HW7:
Hierarchy: Caches and 5.5 Deadline: Nov 19
24 Nov 19 Improving Cache Read ahead 5.4
Performance
25 Nov 24 Virtual Memory

Nov 25-29 Thanksgiving Recess

26 Dec 1 Virtual Memory Support HW8:

Hardware Deadline: Dec 3
27 Dec 3 Virtual Memory completion Read ahead Ch.
- Review 6
28 Dec 8 Storage and Other I/O
topics
29 Dec 10 Review for final

30 Dec 15 1:00 pm - 3:00pm - Final

Exam

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