Introduction:

Personality: It can be termed as the combination of qualities mental, physical

and moral that set one apart from others.

Personality can be termed as the combination of qualities – mental, physical, and

moral that sets one part from others. Having a strong personality is the key to
success. This is also a key determinant of good leadership. A good personality
enables one to establish self control and self direction to discover the reality off
freedom of choice. A person with a positive attitude can direct his thoughts,
control his emotions and regulate his attitude.

In order to have a good personality, self development is needed. An executive’s

self is the sum total of all that he can call his own. Self is something of which he
is aware of. The self concept which an executive brings to his job is the
amalgamation of many things, his perception towards his parents, the rules he
has learnt, the impressions he carries about his peers, the record of success and
failure, and the idea of what rewards he deserves.

The self development process transforms from dependence to self direction,

from impulsiveness to self discipline, from ignorance to knowledge, from
incompetence to competence from immorality to morality and from self centered
to concern for self and others. Developing and bearing a sound personality is a
changing process.

The personally can be broadly classified into two groups – sick personality and
healthy personality.

The sick personality is also known as disturbed or peculiar personality. Sick

personality can be the consequence of physical and/or psychological factors.
These factors may or may not be in the control of the person. Some of these
factors can be troubled childhood, repeated failures, lack of motivation,
rejections, distrust of the parents and peers etc. The person himself has to
assume a greater responsibility for following a prescribed pattern and pulling
himself out of this situation.

Healthy personality is an image of a person who does not feel anxious or hostile,
is not self defeated or destructive to others. People with healthy personalities are
judged to be well adjusted. Apart from a good physical health, some other
characteristics and features are necessary for an individual in order to have a
positive, strong, and balanced personality. Such a personality helps an executive
to influence other people in his favor.

The most important and relevant question related to personality is: How does it
originate and develop?

The major determinants of personality of an individual can be studied under four

broad heads – biological, family, cultural and situational.

Biological factors:

The foremost determinant of personality is the biological factor, in which are

included heredity, the brain and the physical stature. Psychologists and
geneticists argue strongly that heredity plays an important role in one’s
personality. The importance of heredity varies from one personality trait to
another. For example, heredity plays a more important role in determining a
person’s temperament than determining the values and ideals.

Another factor which influences the personality is the brain of the individual.

Perhaps, physical stature of an individual is the most outstanding influence on

the personality of an individual. For example, the fact that a person is short or
tall, fat or skinny, good looking or not, will influence others and in turn will affect
the person himself.

Family factors:

Family and social factors are also important in giving the shape to an individual’s
personality. It initially starts with contact with the mother and later with other
members of the family. Later still, the contact with social group influences an
individual’s personality. The personality of an individual is also influenced by the
home environment. There is evidence to indicate that the overall environment at
home created by parents is critical to personality development.

Apart from the family background, social class also leaves an imprint on the
personality of an individual.

Situational Factors:
Situational factors also influence the human personality. The effect of
environment on personality is quite strong. Knowledge skill and language are
acquired by a person and can be termed as learned modifications of behavior.

These learned modifications cannot be passed on to the children. The children in

turn must acquire them through their personal effort, experience and the
interaction with the environment.

Many a times the actions of the person are determined more by the situation,
rather than his behavior. Therefore, the situation may potentially have a very big
impact on the actions and expressions.

Needs and Importance:

In actual life, individual behavioral processes like learning,
motivation, memory, etc. do not occur independently and individually.
There is an integration and organization of these various processes
which gives a total meaning to the behavior of a person.

Further, this pattern or organization extends across situations, with

the result that every person behaves with a certain degree of
consistency and at the same time behaves in a manner different from
others. We may, therefore, say that even though we may study
individual processes like perception, learning, etc. these alone,
individually or taken together, cannot help us to understand, interpret
or predict the behavior of a person.

There are certain organizing and integrating processes which help to

combine and weave these individual processes into the behavior of a
person. This organization gives a sense of individuality or uniqueness
to the person’s behavior.

In psychology, the term personality is used to mean a hypothetical

construct or an agency which explains the integration of different
behavioral processes resulting in meaningful behavior in such a way so
as to make one person different from others. The term personality,
therefore, explains both generality, and individuality in behavior.
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