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The document describes simulations of digital modulation techniques over HF ionospheric channels. It simulates BPSK and QPSK modulation over two ITU channel models - low latitudes moderate conditions and high latitudes disturbed conditions. For each modulation and channel, it generates random input data, applies the channel model, adds Gaussian noise at varying SNR levels, and calculates the resulting bit error rate to analyze performance. Plots of BER vs SNR are produced to compare the results.

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Aziz Abdul Basit
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89 views

MATLAB

The document describes simulations of digital modulation techniques over HF ionospheric channels. It simulates BPSK and QPSK modulation over two ITU channel models - low latitudes moderate conditions and high latitudes disturbed conditions. For each modulation and channel, it generates random input data, applies the channel model, adds Gaussian noise at varying SNR levels, and calculates the resulting bit error rate to analyze performance. Plots of BER vs SNR are produced to compare the results.

Uploaded by

Aziz Abdul Basit
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Simulasi Modulasi Digital BPSK pada Kanal Ionosfer HF

%% Initialization of Simulation-Specific Parameters


% The simulation sampling rate is specified, and kept the same for the
% remainder of the demo. The input to the channel simulator is
oversampled
% by a factor of four.

M = 2; % DBPSK modulation order


hMod = comm.DBPSKModulator; % Create a DPSK modulator
hDemod = comm.DBPSKDemodulator; % Create a DPSK demodulator

Rsym = 1200; % Input symbol rate


Rbit = Rsym * log2(M); % Input bit rate
Nos = 4; % Oversampling factor
ts = (1/Rbit) / Nos; % Input sample period
fd = 1;

%% ITU-R F.1487 Low Latitudes, Moderate Conditions


hdchan = stdchan(ts, fd, 'iturHFLM')
% As before, we obtain the path gains by processing random data through
the
% channel. These path gains are stored in |y| for post-processing.

hdchan.StorePathGains = 1;
hdchan.ResetBeforeFiltering = 0;
hdchan.NormalizePathGains = 1;

% Generate data and apply fading channel.


tx = randi([0 M-1],100000,1); % Generate a random bit stream
dpskSig = step(hMod, tx); % DPSK modulate the signal
fadedSig = filter(hdchan,dpskSig); % Apply the channel effects

% Compute error rate for different values of SNR.


SNR = 0:2:20; % Range of SNR values, in dB.
numSNR = length(SNR);
berVec = zeros(3, numSNR);

% Create an AWGNChannel and ErrorRate calculator System object


hChan = comm.AWGNChannel('NoiseMethod', 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)');

% Compute bit error rate, taking delay into account.


delay = hdchan.ChannelFilterDelay;
hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate('ReceiveDelay', delay);

for n = 1:numSNR
hChan.SNR = SNR(n);
rxSig = step(hChan,fadedSig); % Add Gaussian noise
rx = step(hDemod, rxSig); % Demodulate
reset(hErrorCalc)
% Compute error rate.
berVec(:,n) = step(hErrorCalc,tx,rx);
end
BER_LM = berVec(1,:);

%% ITU-R F.1487 High Latitudes, Disturbed Conditions


% As before, we obtain the path gains by processing random data through
the
% channel. These path gains are stored in |y| for post-processing.

hdchan = stdchan(ts, fd, 'iturHFHD')


hdchan.StorePathGains = 1;
hdchan.ResetBeforeFiltering = 0;
hdchan.NormalizePathGains = 1;

% Generate data and apply fading channel.


tx = randi([0 M-1],100000,1); % Generate a random bit stream
dpskSig = step(hMod, tx); % DPSK modulate the signal
fadedSig = filter(hdchan,dpskSig); % Apply the channel effects

% Compute error rate for different values of SNR.


SNR = 0:2:20; % Range of SNR values, in dB.
numSNR = length(SNR);
berVec = zeros(3, numSNR);

% Create an AWGNChannel and ErrorRate calculator System object


hChan = comm.AWGNChannel('NoiseMethod', 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)');
%hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate;

% Compute bit error rate, taking delay into account.


delay = hdchan.ChannelFilterDelay;
hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate('ReceiveDelay', delay);

for n = 1:numSNR
hChan.SNR = SNR(n);
rxSig = step(hChan,fadedSig); % Add Gaussian noise
rx = step(hDemod, rxSig); % Demodulate
reset(hErrorCalc)
% Compute error rate.
berVec(:,n) = step(hErrorCalc,tx,rx);
end
BER_HD = berVec(1,:);

% Plot BER results.


semilogy(SNR,BER_LM,'b-*',SNR,BER_HD,'-r*');
legend('Low Latitudes, Moderate Conditions','High Latitudes, Disturbed
Conditions');
xlabel('SNR (dB)'); ylabel('BER');
title('Binary DPSK over HF Ionosphere Channel ITU-R F.1487 ');
grid on
Simulasi Modulasi Digital QPSK pada Kanal Ionosfer HF

%% Initialization of Simulation-Specific Parameters


% The simulation sampling rate is specified, and kept the same for the
% remainder of the demo. The input to the channel simulator is
oversampled
% by a factor of four.

M = 4; % DQPSK modulation order


hMod = comm.DQPSKModulator; % Create a DPSK modulator
hDemod = comm.DQPSKDemodulator; % Create a DPSK demodulator

Rsym = 1200; % Input symbol rate


Rbit = Rsym * log2(M); % Input bit rate
Nos = 4; % Oversampling factor
ts = (1/Rbit) / Nos; % Input sample period
fd = 1;

%% ITU-R F.1487 Low Latitudes, Moderate Conditions


hdchan = stdchan(ts, fd, 'iturHFLM')
% As before, we obtain the path gains by processing random data through
the
% channel. These path gains are stored in |y| for post-processing.

hdchan.StorePathGains = 1;
hdchan.ResetBeforeFiltering = 0;
hdchan.NormalizePathGains = 1;

% Generate data and apply fading channel.


tx = randi([0 M-1],100000,1); % Generate a random bit stream
dpskSig = step(hMod, tx); % DPSK modulate the signal
fadedSig = filter(hdchan,dpskSig); % Apply the channel effects

% Compute error rate for different values of SNR.


SNR = 0:2:20; % Range of SNR values, in dB.
numSNR = length(SNR);
berVec = zeros(3, numSNR);

% Create an AWGNChannel and ErrorRate calculator System object


hChan = comm.AWGNChannel('NoiseMethod', 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)');

% Compute bit error rate, taking delay into account.


delay = hdchan.ChannelFilterDelay;
hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate('ReceiveDelay', delay);

for n = 1:numSNR
hChan.SNR = SNR(n);
rxSig = step(hChan,fadedSig); % Add Gaussian noise
rx = step(hDemod, rxSig); % Demodulate
reset(hErrorCalc)
% Compute error rate.
berVec(:,n) = step(hErrorCalc,tx,rx);
end
BER_LM = berVec(1,:);

%% ITU-R F.1487 High Latitudes, Disturbed Conditions

% As before, we obtain the path gains by processing random data through


the
% channel. These path gains are stored in |y| for post-processing.

hdchan = stdchan(ts, fd, 'iturHFHD')


hdchan.StorePathGains = 1;
hdchan.ResetBeforeFiltering = 0;
hdchan.NormalizePathGains = 1;

% Generate data and apply fading channel.


tx = randi([0 M-1],100000,1); % Generate a random bit stream
dpskSig = step(hMod, tx); % DPSK modulate the signal
fadedSig = filter(hdchan,dpskSig); % Apply the channel effects

% Compute error rate for different values of SNR.


SNR = 0:2:20; % Range of SNR values, in dB.
numSNR = length(SNR);
berVec = zeros(3, numSNR);

% Create an AWGNChannel and ErrorRate calculator System object


hChan = comm.AWGNChannel('NoiseMethod', 'Signal to noise ratio (SNR)');
%hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate;

% Compute bit error rate, taking delay into account.


delay = hdchan.ChannelFilterDelay;
hErrorCalc = comm.ErrorRate('ReceiveDelay', delay);

for n = 1:numSNR
hChan.SNR = SNR(n);
rxSig = step(hChan,fadedSig); % Add Gaussian noise
rx = step(hDemod, rxSig); % Demodulate
reset(hErrorCalc)
% Compute error rate.
berVec(:,n) = step(hErrorCalc,tx,rx);
end
BER_HD = berVec(1,:);

% Plot BER results.


semilogy(SNR,BER_LM,'b-*',SNR,BER_HD,'-r*');
legend('Low Latitudes, Moderate Conditions','High Latitudes, Disturbed
Conditions');
xlabel('SNR (dB)'); ylabel('BER');
title('Quartenary DPSK over HF Ionosphere Channel ITU-R F.1487 ');
grid on

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