Investigatory Project Biology: Lanva-Patan
Investigatory Project Biology: Lanva-Patan
Investigatory Project Biology: Lanva-Patan
INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
BIOLOGY
On
CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
CONTRACEPTIVE METODS
-POOJA DESAI
Contraceptive
methods
Index
Sr.no. Content
1. Introduction
2. Aims of contraceptives
3. Ideal contraceptives
4. Method of contraceptives
a.natural method
b.barrier method
c.intrauterine method
d.chemical method
e.terminal method
5. Conclusion
6. bibliography
introduction
Definition-
prevention of pregnancy.
Aims-
family planning.
Prevents STD’S-AIDS.
Medical grounds-to control stess of
pregnancy and lactation.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN IDEAL
CONTRACEPTIVE ARE LISTED BELOW-
Highly effective.
No side effect.
Independent of intercource.
Rapidly reversible.
Cheap.
Available.
Easily distributed.
Natural methods
1.Periodic abstinence-is one such
method in which the coupleavoid
from coitus from day 10to17 of the
menstrual cycle when ovulation could
be expected.This period is fertile
period.
ADVANTAGE –
Most natural
DISADVANTAGE-
most unreliable when cycle is
irregular and ovulation time is
variable
BARRIER METHOD
Ovum and sperm are prevented from
physically meeting with help of
barrier.
Such method are available for both
male and female.
Condom are barrier made up of thin
rubber latex sheath that are used to
cover the penis in male or vagina and
cervix in the female just before the
coitus so ejaculated semen would not
enter into female reproductive tract.
‘Nirodh’ is popular brand of condom
for male
Disadvantages-
May cause heavybleeding.
May come out accidently.
Risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Chemical method
Oral administration of small
doses of either progestogen-
estrogen combinations is
another contraceptive method
used by females.
Used in form of tablets and
popularly called pills.
Pills have be taken daily for a
period of 21 days starting within
the first five days of menstrual
cycle.
They inhibit ovulation and
implantation as well as alter
qualily of cervical mucus to
prevent entry of sperm.
Vary effective with less side
effect.
‘saheli’- new oral contraceptive
for the containing a non-
steroidal preparation.
Progestogens alone or in
combination with estrogen can
also used by females as
injection or implants under the
skin
ADVANTAGES-
Well tolerated.
Inexpensive.
Provide good protection
DISADVANTAGE-
MessinLocal irritation.
Burning sensation.
Terminal method
Permanent method.
Surgical method.
Tubectomy-
A small part of fallopian tube is
removed or tied up through a
small incision in the abdomen or
through vagina.
Tubes occuled using silicon rubber
bands,rings or clips.
Entry of egg into uterus prevented.
Vasectomy-
A small part of the vas deferens is
removed or tied up through a
small incision on the scrotum.
One cm vas deference removed
after clamping.
Entry of sperm into semen
prevented.
ADVANTAGES-
Highly effective.
Simple
Fast
Small incision
DISADVANTAGES-
Pain
Local infection
Every contraceptive methods have
its own pros and cons. Hence it
should be utilized by individual in
very cautious manner.
Integrating contraceptive services
into maternal and child health
services can be highly effective
Providing family planning to
woman for use after pregnancy
can save lives and improve health
and quality of life.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
www.google.com
www.vittana.org
www.wikipedia.com
CBSE Biology Book