Q# 1

a) In order to find the ZT

𝑍𝑇 = 𝑍𝐿 + (𝑍𝐶1 ||𝑍𝐶2 ) + 𝑍𝑅

(8∠−90𝑜 )(12∠−90𝑜 )
𝑍𝑇 = 6∠90𝑜 + +2
(8∠−90𝑜 ) + (12∠−90𝑜 )

96∠−180𝑜
𝑍𝑇 = 6∠90𝑜 + +2
20∠−90𝑜

𝑍𝑇 = 𝑗6 − 𝑗4.8 + 2

𝑍𝑇 = 2 + 𝑗1.2

𝒁𝑻 = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑𝟐 Ω ∠𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝒐

b) From network,
𝐸
𝐼=
𝑍𝑇

12∠0𝑜
𝐼=
2.332 ∠30.9𝑜

𝑰 = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝑨 ∠−𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝒐

c) It can be seen from network that

𝐼1 = 𝐼

𝑰𝟏 = 𝟓. 𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝑨 ∠−𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝒐

d)
By using the current divider rule,

𝑍𝐶2
𝐼2 = 𝐼1
𝑍𝐶1 + 𝑍𝐶2

(5.145∠−30.9𝑜 )(12∠−90𝑜 )
𝐼2 =
(12∠−90𝑜 ) + (8∠−90𝑜 )
 (61.74∠−120.9𝑜 )
𝐼2 =
(20∠−90𝑜 )

𝑰𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟖𝟕 𝑨 ∠−𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝒐

Similarly by using the current divider rule to find the 𝐼3

𝑍𝐶1
𝐼3 = 𝐼1
𝑍𝐶1 + 𝑍𝐶2

(5.145∠−30.9𝑜 )(8∠−90𝑜 )
𝐼3 =
(12∠−90𝑜 ) + (8∠−90𝑜 )

(41.16∠−120.9𝑜 )
𝐼3 =
(20∠−90𝑜 )
𝑰𝟑 = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟓𝟖 𝑨 ∠−𝟑𝟎. 𝟗𝒐

e)
𝑉𝐿 = 𝑍𝐿 × 𝐼1

𝑉𝐿 = (6 ∠90𝑜 )(5.145 ∠−30.9𝑜 )

𝑽𝑳 = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟖𝟕 𝑽 ∠𝟓𝟗. 𝟏𝒐

Q# 2
a) In order to find the ZT

𝑍𝑇 = 𝑍𝑅1 + (𝑍𝑅2 ||𝑍𝐶 ) + 𝑍𝐿

(2∠0𝑜 )(8∠−90𝑜 )
𝑍𝑇 = 3 + 6∠90𝑜 +
(8∠−90𝑜 ) + (2∠0𝑜 )

16∠−90𝑜
𝑍𝑇 = 3 + 𝑗6 +
8.24∠−75.95𝑜

𝑍𝑇 = 3 + 𝑗6 + 1.882 − 𝑗0.476
 𝑍𝑇 = 4.882 + 𝑗5.524

𝒁𝑻 = 𝟕. 𝟑𝟖 Ω ∠𝟒𝟖. 𝟓𝟔𝒐

b) From network,
𝐸
𝐼𝑆 =
𝑍𝑇

30∠0𝑜
𝐼𝑆 =
7.38 ∠48.56𝑜

𝑰𝑺 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟔 𝑨 ∠−𝟒𝟖. 𝟓𝟔𝒐

c)
By using the current divider rule,

𝑍𝑅2
𝐼𝐶 = 𝐼𝑆
𝑍𝑅2 + 𝑍𝐶

(4.06∠−48.56𝑜 )(2∠0𝑜 )
𝐼𝐶 =
(2∠0𝑜 ) + (8∠−90𝑜 )

8.12∠−48.56𝑜
𝐼𝐶 =
(8.25∠−75.96𝑜 )

𝑰𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟖𝟒 𝑨 ∠𝟐𝟕. 𝟒𝒐

d)
𝑍𝐿
𝑉𝐿 = 𝐸
𝑍𝑇

(6∠90𝑜 )(30∠0𝑜 )
𝑉𝐿 =
7.38∠48.56𝑜

180∠90𝑜
𝑉𝐿 =
7.38∠48.56𝑜

𝑽𝑳 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟑𝟗 𝑽 ∠𝟒𝟏. 𝟒𝟒𝒐

𝑍𝑇 = (𝑍𝑅2 + 𝑍𝐶 )||𝑍𝐿

(15.06∠−52.82𝑜 )(12∠90𝑜 )
𝑍𝑇 =
9.1 − 𝑗12 + 𝑗12

180.7∠37.18𝑜
𝑍𝑇 =
9.1∠0𝑜

𝒁𝑻 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟖𝟓 Ω ∠𝟑𝟕. 𝟏𝟖𝒐

And total admittance would be,

1
𝑌𝑇 =
𝑍𝑇

1
𝑌𝑇 =
19.85 ∠37.18𝑜

𝒀𝑻 = 𝟓𝟎. 𝟑𝟔 𝒎𝑺 ∠−𝟑𝟕. 𝟏𝟖𝒐

b)
𝐸
𝐼𝑆 =
𝑍𝑇

60∠30𝑜
𝐼𝑆 =
19.85 ∠37.18𝑜

𝑰𝑺 = 𝟑. 𝟎𝟐𝟐 𝑨 ∠−𝟕. 𝟏𝟖𝒐

c)
By using the current divider rule,

𝑍𝐿
𝐼2 = 𝐼𝑆
𝑍𝑅2 + 𝑍𝐿 + 𝑍𝐶

(3.022∠−7.18𝑜 )(12∠90𝑜 )
𝐼2 =
9.1 − 𝑗12 + 𝑗12
 36.24∠82.82𝑜
𝐼2 =
(9.1∠0𝑜 )

𝑰𝟐 = 𝟑. 𝟗𝟖 𝑨 ∠𝟖𝟐. 𝟖𝟐𝒐

d)
By using voltage divider rule,

𝑍𝐶
𝑉𝐶 = 𝐸
𝑍𝑅2 + 𝑍𝐶

(60∠30𝑜 )(12∠ − 90𝑜 )

720∠−60𝑜
𝑉𝐶 =
(15.06∠−52.82𝑜 )

𝑽𝑪 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟖 𝑽 ∠−𝟕. 𝟏𝟖𝒐

e)
Average Power = 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝐸. 𝐼𝑆 cos(𝜃)

𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (60)(3.022)cos(30 − 7.18)

𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (181.2)cos(22.82)

𝑷𝒂𝒗𝒈 = 𝟏𝟔𝟔. 𝟖𝟖 𝑾

Q#4
a) In order to find the ZT

𝑍𝑇 = 𝑍𝑅1 + (𝑍𝐶 ||𝑍𝐿1 ) + ( 𝑍𝑅2 ||𝑍𝑅3 ||𝑍𝐿2 )

(4∠−90𝑜 )(6∠90𝑜 ) (4∠0𝑜 )(3∠90𝑜 )

24∠0𝑜 12∠90𝑜
𝑍𝑇 = 2 + +
𝑗2 5∠36.87𝑜

𝑍𝑇 = 2 + 12∠−90𝑜 + 2.4∠53.13𝑜
 𝑍𝑇 = 2 − 𝑗12 + 1.44 + 𝑗1.92

𝑍𝑇 = 3.44 − 𝑗10.08

𝒁𝑻 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 Ω ∠−𝟕𝟏. 𝟏𝟓𝒐

b)
𝑉2 = 𝐼 × ( 𝑍𝑅2 ||𝑍𝑅3 ||𝑍𝐿2 )

𝑉2 = (5∠0𝑜 )(2.4∠53.13𝑜 )

𝑽𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐 𝑽 ∠𝟓𝟑. 𝟏𝟑𝒐

And,
By using the current divider rule,

𝑍𝑅2 ||𝑍𝑅3
𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑆
(𝑍𝑅2 ||𝑍𝑅3 ) + 𝑍𝐿2

(5∠0𝑜 )(4∠0𝑜 )
𝐼𝐿 =
4 + 𝑗3

20∠0𝑜
𝐼𝐿 =
(5∠36.87𝑜 )

𝑰𝑳 = 𝟒 𝑨 ∠−𝟑𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝒐

c)
As we know that,

𝑃 𝑅 𝐺
pf = cos(𝜃) = = =𝑌
𝑆 𝑍

𝑅 3.44
pf = =
𝑍 10.66

pf = 0.322
Q#5
a)
To find current𝐼, first of all we need to find the total impedance ZT

𝑍𝑇 = (𝑍𝑅2 + (𝑍𝐶1 ||𝑍𝐶2 ))||(𝑍𝐿 +𝑍𝐶3 )

400∠−90𝑜
𝑍𝑇 = (200∠0𝑜 + 2
)| | (560∠90𝑜 + 200∠−90𝑜 )

𝑍𝑇 = (200 − 𝑗200)| | (𝑗360)

(200 − 𝑗200)(360∠90𝑜 )
𝑍𝑇 =
(200 − 𝑗200 + 𝑗360)

(282.84∠−45𝑜 )(360∠90𝑜 )
𝑍𝑇 =
256.12∠38.66𝑜

𝑍𝑇 = 397.6 Ω ∠6.34𝑜

So,

𝐸
𝐼=
𝑍𝑇

100∠0𝑜
𝐼=
397.6∠6.34𝑜

𝑰 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝟗 𝑨 ∠−𝟔. 𝟑𝟒𝒐

b)
By using voltage divider rule,

𝑍𝐶1 ||𝑍𝐶2
𝑉𝐶 = 𝐸
𝑍𝑅2 + (𝑍𝐶1 ||𝑍𝐶2 )

(100∠0𝑜 )(200∠ − 90𝑜 )

20000∠−90𝑜
𝑉𝐶 =
(282.84∠−45𝑜 )
 𝑽𝑪 = 𝟕𝟎. 𝟕 𝑽 ∠−𝟒𝟓𝒐

c)
Average Power = 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝐸. 𝐼cos(𝜃)

𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (100)(0.249)cos(0 + 6.34)

𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (24.9)cos(6.34)

𝑷𝒂𝒗𝒈 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟖𝟒 𝑾

Q#6
a) 𝐼1 can be calculated as,

𝐸
𝐼1 =
𝑍𝑅1 +𝑍𝐿1

120∠60𝑜
𝐼1 =
3 + 𝑗4

120∠60𝑜
𝐼1 =
(5∠53.13𝑜 )

𝑰𝟏 = 𝟐𝟒 𝑨 ∠𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝒐

b)
By using voltage divider rule,

𝑍𝐶
𝑉𝐶 = 𝐸
𝑍𝐿2 + 𝑍𝐶

(120∠60𝑜 )(13∠ − 90𝑜 )

1560∠−30𝑜
𝑉𝐶 =
(6∠−90𝑜 )

𝑽𝑪 = 𝟐𝟔𝟎 𝑽 ∠𝟔𝟎𝒐
 c)
By using KVL,

𝑉𝑎𝑏 + 𝑉𝑅1 − 𝑉𝑐 = 0

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = −𝑉𝑅1 + 𝑉𝑐

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 260∠60𝑜 − (24∠6.87𝑜 × 3∠0𝑜 )

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = (130 + 𝑗225.16) − (71.48 + 𝑗8.6)

𝑉𝑎𝑏 = 58.52 + 𝑗216.56

𝑽𝒂𝒃 = 𝟐𝟐𝟒. 𝟑 𝑽 ∠𝟕𝟒. 𝟖𝟖𝒐

Q#7
a) To find current𝐼1 , first of all we need to find the total impedance ZT

𝑍𝑇 = (𝑍𝑅1 + (𝑍𝑅2 ||𝑍𝐿 ))||(𝑍𝐶 )

(20∠0𝑜 )(80∠90𝑜 )
𝑍𝑇 = (10∠0𝑜 + )| | (60∠−90𝑜 )
20+𝑗80

𝑍𝑇 = (10∠0𝑜 + 19.4∠14.04𝑜 )| | (60∠−90𝑜 )

𝑍𝑇 = (29.206∠9.273𝑜 )| | (60∠−90𝑜 )

(29.206∠9.273𝑜 )(60∠−90𝑜 )
𝑍𝑇 =
(28.824 − 𝑗55.3)

1752.36∠−80.727𝑜
𝑍𝑇 =
62.356∠−62.468𝑜

𝑍𝑇 = 28.1 Ω ∠−18.26𝑜

So,
 𝐸
𝐼1 =
𝑍𝑇

40∠0𝑜
𝐼1 =
28.1∠−18.26𝑜

𝑰𝟏 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟐 𝑨 ∠𝟏𝟖. 𝟐𝟔𝒐

b)
By using voltage divider rule,

𝑍𝐿 ||𝑍𝑅2
𝑉1 = 𝐸
𝑍𝑅1 + (𝑍𝐿 ||𝑍𝑅2 )

(40∠0𝑜 )(19.4∠14.04𝑜 )
𝑉1 =
28.804 + 𝑗4.7

776.12∠14.04𝑜
𝑉1 =
(29.206∠9.273𝑜 )

𝑽𝟏 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟓 𝑽 ∠𝟒. 𝟕𝟔𝒐

c)
Average Power = 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝐸. 𝐼1 cos(𝜃)

𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (40)(1.42)cos(0 + 18.26)

𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = (56.8)cos(18.26)

𝑷𝒂𝒗𝒈 = 𝟓𝟒. 𝟎𝟕 𝑾

Q#8
a) To find the total impedance, by simplifying the network
Let,

𝑍1 = 𝑍𝑅1 +𝑍𝐿1
 𝑍1 = 2 + 𝑗
𝑍1 = 2.236 Ω ∠26.565𝑜

𝑍2 = 𝑍𝑅2
𝑍2 = 3 Ω ∠0𝑜

𝑍3 = 𝑍𝑅3 + 𝑍𝐶 + 𝑍𝐿2
𝑍3 = 16∠0𝑜 + 7∠−90𝑜 + 15∠90𝑜
𝑍3 = 16 + 𝑗8
𝑍3 = 17.89 Ω ∠26.565𝑜

So, total admittance would be

1 1 1
𝑌𝑇 = + +
𝑍1 𝑍2 𝑍3

1 1 1
𝑌𝑇 = 𝑜 + +
2.236∠26.565 3∠0 𝑜
17.89∠26.565𝑜

𝑌𝑇 = (0.447∠−26.565𝑜 ) + (0.333∠0𝑜 + 0.056∠ − 26.565𝑜

𝑌𝑇 = (0.4 − 𝑗0.2) + (0.33) + (0.05 − 𝑗0.025)

𝑌𝑇 = (0.783 − 𝑗0.225)

𝒀𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟐𝟏 𝑺 ∠−𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝒐

1
𝑍𝑇 =
𝑌𝑇

1
𝑍𝑇 =
0.821∠−16.034𝑜

𝒁𝑻 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟐𝟗 Ω ∠𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝒐

b)
𝐸
𝐼1 =
𝑍1
 60∠0𝑜
𝐼1 =
2.236∠26.565𝑜

𝑰𝟏 = 𝟐𝟔. 𝟖𝟑 𝑨 ∠−𝟐𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟓𝒐

𝐸
𝐼2 =
𝑍2

60∠0𝑜
𝐼2 =
3∠0𝑜

𝑰𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎 𝑨 ∠𝟎𝒐

𝐸
𝐼3 =
𝑍3

60∠0𝑜
𝐼3 =
17.89∠26.565𝑜

𝑰𝟑 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟓 𝑨 ∠−𝟐𝟔. 𝟓𝟔𝟓𝒐

c)
𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 = 26.83∠−26.565𝑜 + 20∠0𝑜 + 3.35∠−26.565𝑜

𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 = (24 − 𝑗12) + (20) + (3 − 𝑗1.5)

𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 = 47 − 𝑗13.5

𝑰𝟏 + 𝑰𝟐 + 𝑰𝟑 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟗 𝑨 ∠−𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟑𝒐

𝐸
𝐼𝑆 =
𝑍𝑇
60∠0𝑜
𝐼𝑆 =
1.229∠16.034𝑜

𝑰𝑺 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟖𝟐 𝑨 ∠−𝟏𝟔. 𝟎𝟑𝟒𝒐

From above, we can say that KCL verified i.e. 𝐼1 + 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 = 𝐼𝑆

𝑃 𝑅 𝐺
pf = cos(𝜃) = = =𝑌
𝑆 𝑍

𝐺 0.783
pf = =
𝑌 0.821

pf = 0.953

This is lagging power factor, as the current lags behind the voltage by ∠16.034𝑜 .