Privies: Private Sewage Disposal Systems
Privies: Private Sewage Disposal Systems
Privies: Private Sewage Disposal Systems
Disposal Systems
PRIVIES
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
COMMERCIAL / INDUSTRIAL
SPECIAL LIQUID WASTE DISPOSAL
REQUIREMENTS:
When liquid wastes containing excessive amounts of
grease, garbage, flammable wastes, sand, or other
ingredients which may affect the operation of a private
sewage disposal system, an interceptor for such waste shall
be installed.
DISPOSAL:
Waste from interceptors may be discharged to a septic tank
or other primary system or into a separate disposal system.
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Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Location of Sewage Disposal System
MIN. HORIZONTAL DISPOSAL SEEPAGE
BLDG SEPTIC
DISTANCE IN CLEAR FIELD PIT OR
SEWER TANK
REQUIRED FROM CESSPOOL
1 Buildings or 0.6 m 1.5 m 2.4 m 2.4 m
structures*
2 Property line Clear** 1.5 m 1.5 m 2.4 m
Adjoining private
Property
3 Water supply 15.2 m 15.2 m 30.5 m 45.7 m
wells
4 Streams 15.2 m 15.2 m 15.2 m 30.5 m
5 Trees - 3m - 3m
Private Sewage
Disposal Systems
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR PRIVATE
SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEMS
Location of Sewage Disposal System
MIN. HORIZONTAL DISPOSAL SEEPAGE
BLDG SEPTIC
DISTANCE IN CLEAR FIELD PIT OR
SEWER TANK
REQUIRED FROM CESSPOOL
6 Seepage pits or - 1.5 m 1.5 m 3.7 m
Cesspools
7 Disposal field 1.5 m 1.2 m 1.5 m
8 On site domestic 0.3 m 1.5 m 1.5 m 1.5 m
Water service line
9 Pressure public 3m 3m 3m 3m
Water main
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Sewage Treatment Plan (STP)
Some features of STP:
An aeration system within the tank;
A submersible mixer to mix the waste;
A sludge waste pump that aids in clarifying;
A decanter;
Blowers;
A fully electronic control system, etc.
Water Recycling
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Water Recycling
Raw sewage inlet
The Activated Sludge Process
4. incinerator
3. Fine screen house
6. Aerating
8. Power House 7. Clarifier outlet
basin
10. Liquid
11. Chemical
9. Drier house extractor
house
house
13. Vacuum
12. warehouse power
house
Water Recycling
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STORM DRAINAGE
SYSTEM
Rainwater Pipes
DOWNSPOUTS OR CONDUCTOR
PIPES, GUTTERS
Rainwater piping shall not be used as soil, waste and vent pipes.
Downspout and gutter sizes are based upon the maximum depth
of rainfall per hour falling upon a given roof area in square meters.
An ave. 102 mm/hr rainfall intensity is used around Metro Manila.
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Rainwater Pipes
ROOF DRAINS
Roof drains shall be equipped with dome-type strainers extending
102 mm above the surface of the roof surface. With a minimum
total net inlet area of 1 – ½ times the area of the outlet pipe to
which it is connected.
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Storm Water System
The Combined System
Combines storm water
with sanitary wastes
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Storm Water System
Roofing Elements to
Collect Rainwater:
The Gutter
Usually located along the
entire perimeter of the roof
The Downspout
Located every 8 to 10 meters
& at every corner of the roof
(but, to avoid clogging of pipes,
it is best to locate them every
4 to 6 m)
The Shoe
At the bottom of the roof leader to direct rain-
water towards the nearest catch basin
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Storm Water System
Storm Sewers
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PIPES and FITTINGS
2 Types:
SV type - generally used; for building installations
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Pipes & Fittings
4 Varieties:
Standard Pipe Single Hub Pipe
Asbestos Pipe
Made of an asbestos fibers and portland cement
Used as soil, waste, ventilation pipe & downspouts
Suited for concrete embedment because of similar properties
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Pipes & Fittings
Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe
Cheapest of all types of pipes
Light in weight, slightly flexible and can take slight soil movement
without danger of cracking or pulling out of its joints. It is thus
suited for house sewer and septic tank installations
may be softened/damaged by excessive hot water or
chemical flow
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Pipes & Fittings
Copper Pipe
Durable and extremely corrosive resistant
Easy to install
Smooth interior surface
Classification:
K type- heaviest; recommended for underground installations
L type- lighter; available in both rigid and flexible form;
recommended for residential water supply line and radiant
heating installations
M type- thinnest; available only in rigid form; for small
water supply lines and radiant heating installations
Brass Pipe
Most expensive
Made of an alloy or zinc (15%) and copper (85%)
Resistant to acids and has a smooth interior surface
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Pipes & Fittings
Considerations in
choosing materials:
Quality and durability.
EXTENSION
FEMALE
PIECE/
ADAPTOR
NIPPLE
45°
REDUCER STREET
ELBOW
90°
REDUCING
STREET
ELBOW
ELBOW
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Pipes & Fittings
UNION
CROSS
TEE
PLUG
REDUCING
TEE
DOUBLE
HUB
CAP
CORPORATION
STOP
METER
STOP
CURB
STOP
WATER
METER
CURB
STOP
BOX
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Pipes & Fittings
Sanitary Fittings
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Working Drawings
Piping Symbols for
Plumbing:
DRAIN OR WASTE ABOVE GROUND
VENT
SD STORM DRAIN
COLD WATER
SW SOFT COLD WATER
HOT WATER
S SPRINKLER MAIN
Working Drawings
G G GAS
A COMPRESSED AIR
V VACUUM
S - CI SEWER – CAST IRON
S - CT SEWER – CLAY TILE
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Working Drawings
Plumbing Abbreviations:
Working Drawings
Pipe & Fitting Symbols:
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Working Drawings
Working Drawings
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Working Drawings
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Inspection & Test
Water Testing:
Testing of water supply piping is conducted by
closing all outlets & filling the system with water
from the main to locate leaks and other potential
problems
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LP Gas
‘Liquefied Petroleum Gas’ saturated hydrocarbons found in
petroleum (i.e. butane, propane, isobutane, etc.)
a.k.a. ‘Bottled Gas’
for Home, Commercial and Industrial Use
Typical LP Gas service
installation:
CYLINDER
- where gas is stored
PIGTAIL
- where high pressure
vapor flows through when
cylinder valve is opened
REGULATOR
-reduces the high pressure
-of gas to the proper
operating gas pressure of
the appliance
LP Gas
Safety Precautions for installation of
LP Gas Cylinders & Gas Appliances:
Do not place cylinders below ground level; maintain at least a 3 ft.
distance from drains, culverts, or entrances and openings leading
to cellars & other depressions (where gas might accumulate)
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LP Gas
Safety Precautions for installation of
LP Gas Cylinders & Gas Appliances:
Location of Cylinders
Install out of doors or in a building or section of a building
having good floor and ceiling level ventilation directly to the
open; (outdoors) in areas with no (combustible materials)
vegetation (i.e. Grass, weeds) waste paper, garbage, etc.
within 19 feet of a cylinder
Locate in a place where it is accessible to LP Gas
deliverymen
Install on a firm, dry, level foundation (cement or cement
blocks) to prevent damage to the bottom ring from soil
corrosion
Do not place below ground level; maintain at least a 3 ft.
distance from drains, culverts, or entrances and openings
leading to cellars & other depressions (where gas might
accumulate)
LP Gas
Locate in a place safe from accidental damage from
vehicles & tampering by children or unauthorized persons;
should be protected by cylinder hoods (if located in
driveways or alleys)
Use in the upright position, with the valves uppermost.
Do not place close to steam pipes or any other source of
heat
When cylinders are being connected/disconnected there
should be no open flame or similar source of ignition in the
vicinity
Close the cylinder valves before disconnecting
Replace cylinder cap when the cylinder is disconnected to
protect the cylinder valve in transit and prevent the cylinder
valve from being used as a handle
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LP Gas
Safety Precautions for installation of
LP Gas Cylinders & Gas Appliances:
Pressure Regulators & Other Service Equipment
Pressure regulators, copper tube pigtails, throw-over- valves
and manifolds which are connected to the cylinders should
be rigidly supported
The vent in the regulator should be facing downward (to
prevent entry of rain)
All safety valve outlets in the service equipment should be
vented to the open air & not choked with dust or other
foreign matter
LP Gas
Gas Piping & Shut-Off Valves
Piping should be adequately supported to the well, beyond
the reach of people passing by.
When pipes pass thru floors, walls or partitions, no joints
should be allowed at these places to minimize danger of
leaks.
Piping should not be run in or through elevator shafts, air or
ventilation ducts, chimneys or flues.
Ends of piping should not be plugged with cork, wood,
paper, etc., the correct terminal fitting should be used.
Suitable gas line shut-off valve should be fitted for every
appliance.
Both ends of the connection to portable appliances should
be securely attached by means of clips. Hose should be of a
type resistant to LP gas.
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LP Gas
Location of Appliance
The location of the gas appliance in the kitchen should be
decided before the piping is laid out. Appliances should be
set where conditions for ventilations and air circulation are
met.
A permanent and adequate air supply should be provided
for the appliance. This source of air for combustion and
ventilation should not be subject to accidental interruption or
curtailment.
Appliance should be installed in a way to allow ease of
repair and adjustment of appliance burners and parts
LP Gas
Testing for Leaks
Before any system of gas piping is finally put into service, it
should be carefully tested to ensure that it is gastight.
Where any part of the system is to be enclosed or
concealed, this test should precede the work of closing in.
Matches, candles, or other sources of ignition should not be
used to check for gas leakage. The position of a leak may
be detected by using soap solution.
Leaking or otherwise defective pipes or fittings should be
replaced. No attempt should be made to affect temporary
repair.
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Joints & Connections
Tightness:
Perform Pressure Test on joints and connections of pipes
& fittings to ensure gastight & watertight connections.
Types of Joints:
For bell-and-spigot cast iron
Caulked Joints soil pipe & other similar joints
Face to face
distance
engagement length
Packing Oakum-
Wrap an oakum or hemp around the spigot Neck;
Drive the oakum into the bottom of the hub using a yarning iron;
compress firmly (make a 20-25mm clearance from top of bell)
Ladle Lead- Seal joint with lead (3mm above bell)
Packing with Caulking Iron
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Joints & Connections
Soldering of joints:
Clean pipe with emery cloth (or fine sand paper)
Apply (non corrosive) flux or soldering paste
Heat the fitting with a propane torch
Apply (non corrosive) flux or soldering paste
Wrap soldered joint with wet rags
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Joints & Connections
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Joints & Connections
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Joints & Connections
Special Joints:
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Joints & Connections
Flanged Fixture Connections:
Fixture connections between drainage pipes & water
closets, floor outlet service sinks, pedestal urinals, and
earthenware trap standards shall be by means of
approved brass, hard lead, ABS, PVC, or iron flanges
caulked, soldered, solvent cemented or screwed to the
drainage pipe
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Hangers & Supports
Supporting Cast-
Cast-iron Pipe:
Supports shall be placed at every joint on horizontal runs
unless distance between joints is less than 4 ft.
Use strap iron or special pipe hangers for this purpose
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Hangers & Supports
Masonry Anchors/Fasteners:
Lag shields (made from lead) are commonly used to
attach pipe hangers or fixtures to concrete or masonry
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Hangers & Supports
Toggle Bolts are used
when attaching pipes to
hollow masonry units;
with spring-operated wings
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