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Thermodynamics Assignment: (Question Making)

Prajna Mondal is working on a thermodynamics assignment involving a refrigerator using helium gas operating on a reversed Brayton cycle. The question provides details on the initial state of the helium and asks to calculate the coefficient of performance and power input of the refrigerator operating at 60 cycles per second. The answer shows the calculations to determine the heat transferred during each process, the work required per cycle, and uses these values to find the coefficient of performance is 1.1 and power input is 410W. A second question asks about the minimum heat delivered to a laboratory when 150mJ of heat is transferred from helium at 4.0K in an apparatus at 296K. The answer uses the equations

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275 views3 pages

Thermodynamics Assignment: (Question Making)

Prajna Mondal is working on a thermodynamics assignment involving a refrigerator using helium gas operating on a reversed Brayton cycle. The question provides details on the initial state of the helium and asks to calculate the coefficient of performance and power input of the refrigerator operating at 60 cycles per second. The answer shows the calculations to determine the heat transferred during each process, the work required per cycle, and uses these values to find the coefficient of performance is 1.1 and power input is 410W. A second question asks about the minimum heat delivered to a laboratory when 150mJ of heat is transferred from helium at 4.0K in an apparatus at 296K. The answer uses the equations

Uploaded by

emanon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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THERMODYNAMICS ASSIGNMENT

(QUESTION MAKING)

NAME : PRAJNA MONDAL


ROLL NO.: 186239

Q: A refrigerator using helium gas operates on a reversed Brayton cycle with a pressure ratio of 5.0.
Prior to compression, the gas occupies 100cm3 at a pressure of 150kPa and a temperature of
-23℃.Its volume at the end of the expansion is 80cm3.What are the refrigerator’s coefficient of
performance and its power input if it operates at 60 cycles per second ?

ANS: Brayton cycle has two adiabatic processes and two isobaric processes. The work per cycle
needed to run the refrigerator is Win =QH - QC ;hence we can both the coefficient of performance
and the power requirements from QH and Qc . Heat energy is tranferred only during isobaric
processes.

From the pressure ratio of 5.0 maximum pressure is 750 kPa.


Number of moles of helium from sate four :

N= p4V4 = 0.00722 mol


RT4
Process 1 to 4 is isobaric , hence temperature T1 is :

T1=V1T4 =200K=-73℃

V4
Helium is a mono atomic gas with ϒ=5/3, so (1-ϒ)/ϒ=-0.40. For adiabatic compression 3 to 4,
p3-0.40T3 =p4-0.40T4

Gives T3=476K=203℃.

Similarly T2 = 381K=108℃
Cp=5/2R=20.8 J/mol K for a mono atomic gas

QH =/ Q32/=nCp(T3 - T2)= 14.3 J


QC =/Q14/= nCp(T4 - T1)=7.5 J

Win = QH - Qc =6.8 J

The refrigerators coefficient of performance is

K= QC /Win =1.1

The power input needed to run the refrigerator is


Pin = Win / cycles per second = 6.8 *60 = 410W

Q: Apparatus that liquefies helium is in a laboratory at 296 K. The helium in the apparatus is at 4.0 K.
If 150 mJ of heat is transferred from the helium, find the minimum amount of heat delivered to the
laboratory.
Concept:-
Coefficient of performance K of a Carnot refrigerator is defined as,

K = TL / TH - TL …… (1)

Here TL is the lower temperature of sink and TH is the higher temperature of source.

A refrigerator would like to extract as much heat QL as possible from the low-temperature
reservoir for the least amount of work W. So the efficiency of a refrigerator is defined as,

K = (what you want)/(what you pay for)

= QL/W

and this is called coefficient of performance. The larger the value of K, the more efficient is the
refrigerator.
Thus, W = QL/K …… (2)

Substitute the value of K from equation (1) in the equation W = QL/K,


W = QL/K

= QL/( TL / TH - TL)

= QL (TH/ TL - 1) …… (3)
The first law of thermodynamics, applied to the working substance of the refrigerator, gives,
W = QH – QL

Here QH is the exhausted heat.


Thus exhausted heat will be,
QH = W + QL …… (4)

Substitute the value of W from equation (3) in the equation QH = W + QL,

QH = W + QL

= QL (TH/ TL – 1) + QL

= QL (TH/ TL)

Solution:-
To obtain the minimum amount of heat delivered to the laboratory, substitute 150 mJ for QL, 296 K
for TH and 4.0 K for TL in the equation QH = QL (TH/ TL),

QH = QL (TH/ TL)

= ((150 mJ) (10-3 J/1 mJ)) (296 K/4.0 K)

= 11 J
From the above observation we conclude that, the minimum amount of heat delivered to the
laboratory would be 11 J.

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