Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Description Description

Line pressure
The clutches and brakes that operate
Throttle pressure
Throttle modulator pressure
the planetary gear unit are operated by
Lock-up applied

C1 applied
C2 applied
1
Accumulator control pressure
Converter pressure
hydraulic pressure. The hydraulic control
B0 applied B2 applied
2
3
Lubrication
Cooler pressure
unit generates and adjusts this hydraulic
Manual valve D
pressure and switches its passage.
The illustration on the left shows the
Low coast
modulator
Strainer hydraulic circuitry for the A140E model.
valve Solenoid valve
No.2 (OFF)
The hydraulic pressure operates through
1
2 various hydraulic pressure passages.

to Oil cooler
3
Solenoid valve
Solenoid valve
No.1 (OFF)
HINT:
2nd coast
If the battery is dead, it is possible to
No.3 (ON)
Lock-up modulator
Cooler by-pass relay valve
Throttle
valve valve valve start the engine of manual transaxle
Lock-up
Secondary
regulator
signal
valve
vehicles by push-starting it, but with
valve
Cut-back automatic transaxle vehicles, this is
valve
not possible.
2-3 shift 1-2 shift 3-4 shift
During push-starting, since the oil
pump is not operating, the operating
valve valve valve

Strainer
Primary
regulator hydraulic pressure of the planetary
valve

Pump
C2 accumulator gear unit is not generated. In other
C1 accumulator B1 accumulator C0 accumulator
words, the power from the tires is not
Strainer Damping
check valve
Throttle
modulator
Accumulator
control valve
transmitted to the engine.
valve

(1/2)

©2003 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION. All right reserved.

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Expansion Diagram:

(1/1)
Hydraulic Circuitry
Line pressure
Throttle pressure
Throttle modulator pressure
C2 applied Lock-up applied
Accumulator control pressure
C1 applied 1 Converter pressure
2 Lubrication
B0 applied B2 applied
3 Cooler pressure

Manual valve D

Low coast Strainer

modulator
valve Solenoid valve
No.2 (OFF)
1
2

3
Solenoid valve
to Oil cooler No.1 (OFF)
Solenoid valve
No.3 (ON) 2nd coast
Lock-up modulator
Cooler by-pass relay valve
Throttle
valve valve valve
Lock-up
Secondary signal
regulator valve
valve
Cut-back
valve

2-3 shift 1-2 shift 3-4 shift

valve valve valve

Strainer
Primary
regulator
valve
C2 accumulator
Pump
C1 accumulator B1 accumulator C0 accumulator

Strainer Damping Throttle Accumulator

check valve modulator control valve
valve

(1/1)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

The hydraulic control unit has the follow-

ing three functions.
1. To generate hydraulic pressure
Hydraulic control unit
The oil pump has the function of gen-
Valve body
erating the hydraulic pressure. The
Torque converter Oil pump Throttle valve Accelerator pedal
oil pump generates the hydraulic
pressure required for automatic tran-
Primary regulator valve
Clutches and brakes saxle operation by driving the torque
Various signal Fluid pressure switching (Planetary gear unit) converter case (engine).
from sensors Shift valves
Lock-up relay valve 2. To adjust hydraulic pressure
etc.
Manual valve The hydraulic pressure compressed
Engine & ECT
ECU
Solenoid valves by the oil pump is adjusted with the
primary regulator valve. Also, the
Shift lever
throttle valve produces the hydraulic
pressure appropriate to the engine
output.
3. To shift gears (to make the
clutches and brakes operate)
When the clutch and brake opera-
tions of the planetary gear unit are
switched, the gears are shifted.
The fluid passage is created in
accordance with the shift position by
the manual valve. When the vehicle
speed rises, signals are sent to the
solenoid valves from the Engine &
ECT ECU (Electronic Control Unit).
The solenoid valves operate each
shift valve to shifting the gears.

The major components of the hydraulic

control unit are the following.
• Oil pump
• Valve body
• Primary regulator valve
• Manual valve
• Shift valve
• Solenoid valve
• Throttle valve
(2/2)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Major Components Oil Pump

The oil pump is driven by the torque con-
verter (engine) to supply the hydraulic
Front body Driven gear
pressure that is required for the opera-
tion of the automatic transaxle.
HINT:
Use the dipstick for fluid level inspec-
tion, making sure that the engine is
Drive gear Rear cover
running at an idle and that the ATF
(Automatic Transaxle Fluid) is at nor-
mal operating temperature.

Drive gear
NOTICE:
When towing an automatic transaxle
vehicle, since the oil pump does not
operate, the fluid lubrication inside
Driven gear the transaxle can be insufficient and
there is a danger of the transaxle
being seized.
For this reason, the automatic tran-
saxle vehicle should be towed at a
low speed (no more than 30 km/h)
and no more than 80 km at one time.
As a better method, the automatic
transaxle vehicle should be towed
with its drive wheels lifted clear of the
ground, or the drive or propeller shaft
should be disconnected.
(1/1)

Valve Body
Upper valve body
The valve body consists of an upper
valve body, and a lower valve body.
The valve body resembles a labyrinth,
Plate
Valve containing many passages through
which the transaxle fluid flows.
Many valves are built into these pas-
sages, they contained therein control
fluid pressure and switch fluid from one
Lower valve body
passage to another.
Gasket
Plate
Normally, the valve body contains the
Gasket
• Primary regulator valve
Accumulator • Manual valve
Lower valve body cover • Shift valves (1-2, 2-3, 3-4)
Solenoid valve
• Solenoid valves (No. 1, No. 2)
• Throttle valve

The number of valves depends on the

model and some have valves other than
those above.
(1/1)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Primary Regulator Valve

1. Roles of components
Drain
The primary regulator valve adjusts
the hydraulic pressure (line pressure)
from
Oil pump to Secondary to each element in conformity with
Line pressure
regulator
valve
the engine power to prevent pump
power loss.
Primary
regulator
valve
Spring 2. Operation
When the hydraulic pressure from
the oil pump rises, the valve spring is
Line pressure compressed, the fluid passage to the
"R" range
Throttle
drain is opened, and the line pres-
pressure sure is kept constant. Also, a throttle
pressure operates under the valve
and when the accelerator opening
angle increases, the line pressure
rises to prevent clutch and brake slip-
ping.
In the “R” range, the line pressure is
raised further to prevent clutch and
brake slipping.
(1/1)

Manual Valve
The manual valve is connected with the
shift lever and linkage or the cable.
Changing the shift lever position
switches the fluid passage of manual
SHIFTL
OCK
valve and operates in each shift range.
P

R
N
D
2
L

Manual valve "P", "L", "R"

range B3

"R" range

"2" range
Line pressure
HINT:
C2
"D", "2", "L" range
In general, cables are used in FF
B1 (Front-engine, Front-wheel-drive)
vehicles and linkage is used in FR
C1
(Front-engine, Rear-wheel-drive)
vehicles.
(1/1)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Shift Valve
Solenoid valve 1. Roles of components
Line
The gears are shifted by switching
Line
pressure pressure the operation of the clutches and
brakes.
The shift valves switch the fluid pas-
sage that causes the hydraulic pres-
Line pressure Line pressure sure to be applied on the brakes and
to B2 clutches. The shift valves are 1- 2, 2-
3, and 3-4.
2. Operation
Spring
Example: 1-2 shift valve
When the hydraulic pressure is
applied on the top of shift valve, the
1st gear 2nd gear
transaxle is kept in first gear because
1-2 shift valve
the shift valve is at the bottom and
fluid passages to the clutches and
brakes are cut off.
However, when the hydraulic pres-
sure that was applied is cut off by the
operation of the solenoid valve, the
spring force moves the valve up, so
the fluid passage to B2 is opened, B2
operates, and the gear is shifted up
to 2nd gear.
(1/1)

Solenoid Valve
Shift solenoid valve
The solenoid valve is operated by sig-
(ON) (OFF)
nals from the Engine & ECT ECU to
operate the shift valves and control the
Drain Drain hydraulic pressure.
Spool
There are two types of solenoid valves.
A shift solenoid valve opens and closes
the fluid passage according to signals
Linear solenoid valve from the ECU (opening the fluid passage
Spool for an on signal and closing it for an off
Return Line
spring pressure signal). A linear solenoid valve controls
the hydraulic pressure in a linear man-
ner according to the electrical current
sent from the ECU.
Shift solenoid valves are used for con-
Control
pressure Drain
trolling gear shift and linear solenoid
Control
valve valves are used for such functions as
controlling hydraulic pressure.
HINT:
There is also a type of shift solenoid
valve that raises a spool to open the
fluid passage when the signal is off
and closes the fluid passage when
the signal is on.
Also, the shift solenoid valve has
No.1 and No.2 while the linear sole-
noid valve has a SLT that is used
instead of the throttle valve and a
SLU to control the lock up, etc.
(1/1)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Throttle Valve
Cut-back pressure
Engine & The throttle valve produces throttle pres-
ECT ECU sure in response to accelerator pedal
angle via throttle cable and throttle cam.
from Cut-back valve
Line Throttle pressure is applied on the pri-
pressure
mary regulator valve and, accordingly,
to Throttle
Throttle pressure regulates line pressure in accordance
modulator
valve
to each
shift valve with the throttle valve opening.
Throttle
pressure
Some models control the throttle pres-
Pressure passage Down-shift plug sure with a linear solenoid valve (SLT)
instead of a throttle valve.
Such models control the throttle pres-
Throttle cable Linear solenoid valve sure by the Engine & ECT ECU sending
(SLT)
signals to the linear solenoid valve
Line pressure
Throttle cam according to the signals from the throttle
position sensor (accelerator opening
angle).
(1/1)

Other Valves Other Valves

1. Lock-up relay valve and Lock-up
Lock-up OFF
signal valve
Lock-up relay valve These valves switch the lock-up.
The lock-up relay valve reverses the
Line pressure
fluid flow through the converter (lock-
Spring up clutch) in accordance with a sig-
Converter pressure nal pressure from the lock-up signal
to Converter
valve.
front side When signal pressure is applied on
C2 pressure
the bottom of the lock-up relay valve,
the lock-up relay valve is pushed up.
Lock-up signal valve
This opens up the fluid passage to
from Converter the rear of the lock-up clutch, caus-
rear side
Line pressure ing it to engage.
to Oil cooler If signal pressure is cut off, the lock-
up relay valve is forced downward by
the line pressure and spring force
applied on the top of the relay valve.
This opens up the passage to the
front of the lock-up clutch, causing it
to disengage.
(1/3)

2. Secondary regulator valve

to Lock-up relay valve
This valve regulates the converter pressure and lubri-
cation pressure. The balance of these two forces reg-
Converter
pressure
ulates the converter fluid pressure and lubrication
Lubrication pressure.
pressure The converter pressure is supplied from the primary
regulator valve and sent out to the lock-up relay valve.

Spring

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

3. Cut-back valve
This valve regulates the cut-back pressure applied on
Cut-back pressure
the throttle valve, and is actuated by line pressure and
Line
pressure throttle pressure. Applying cut-back pressure to the
throttle valve in this manner lowers the throttle pres-
sure to prevent unnecessary power loss from the oil
pump.
Throttle
pressure Cut-back
valve

(2/3)

4. Throttle modulator valve

High This valve products throttle modulator pressure. The
Line pressure
throttle modulator pressure is slightly lower than the
throttle pressure when the throttle valve is wide open.
Throttle This causes throttle modulator pressure to be applied
Pressure

pressure
on the primary regulator valve so that changes in line
pressure are more nearly in accordance with engine
Throttle
modulator
output.
pressure

Low
0 100
Throttle angle (%)

5. Accumulator
Drain
The accumulator acts to cushion shifting shock.
There is a difference in the surface area of the operat-
ing side and the back pressure side of the accumula-
Piston
tor piston. When the line pressure from the manual
Line pressure valve is applied on the operating side, the piston
from manual
valve slowly rises and the line pressure sent to the clutches
Control
pressure and brakes is gradually raised.
Back pressure side
Some models control the hydraulic pressure applied
Clutches and
brakes on the accumulator with the linear solenoid valve for
even smoother shifting.
Operating side

(3/3)

REFERENCE:
Governor driven gear Governor Valve
Governor valve In full hydraulically-controlled automatic
Differential drive
pinion
transaxles, a governor valve is used to
detect the vehicle speed.
The governor valve generates the gov-
ernor pressure according to the rotation
speed of the output shaft. The vehicle
speed required for gear shift is detected
from the level of the governor pressure.
Governor
pressure

Governor valve

1000 3000
Drive pinion (rpm)
2000 4000
0 50 100 150 Vehicle speed (km/h)
Governor pressure performance
(1/1)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Operation of Gear Shift Operation of Gear Shift

Here, each gear condition is explained
using the solenoid valves and shift
No.1 solenoid valve No.2 solenoid valve
valves.

3-4 shift valve

2-3 shift valve
1-2 shift valve

Solenoid valve Planetary gear unit

No.1 No.2 C1 C2 B1 B2 F1 B3 F2 C0 F0 B0
1st gear ON OFF
2nd gear ON ON
3rd gear OFF ON
O/D gear OFF OFF
"L" range only
Operate "2" range only

1. 1st gear
For gear shift from neutral to 1st
No.1 solenoid valve (ON) No.2 solenoid valve (OFF)
gear, the fluid passage to C1 is
opened by switching the manual
Drain Drain Line
pressure
valve.
Line Since the No. 1 solenoid valve is on
pressure Line
pressure and the No. 2 solenoid valve is off,
(from
oil pump) the fluid passage to C0 is opened.
Line
Line pressure
to C0 (No.1 solenoid valve is on, and No.2
pressure
solenoid valve is off.)
to B3
Line pressure (L range The operation of C1 and F2 creates
(from manual valve only)
in L range) the fluid passage for 1st gear.
2-3 shift valve
3-4 shift valve
In the "D" and "2" ranges, the engine
1-2 shift valve
brake is not applied because of the
operation of F2.
Solenoid valve Planetary gear unit
No.1 No.2 C1 C2 B1 B2 F1 B3 F2 C0 F0 B0
In the "L" range, the passage to B3 is
1st gear ON OFF opened and the engine brake is
2nd gear ON ON
3rd gear OFF ON
applied.
O/D gear OFF OFF
"L" range only Hydraulic pressure to the plane-
Operate "2" range only
tary gear unit
C1 from manual valve
C0 from 3-4 shift valve
B3 from 2-3 shift valve

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

2. 2nd gear
The No. 2 solenoid valve is switched
No.1 solenoid valve (ON) No.2 solenoid valve (ON)
from off to on according to signals
from the ECU.
Drain Drain Line Drain Drain
(No.1 solenoid valve is on, and No.2
pressure
Line solenoid valve is on.)
pressure Line
Line pressure pressure
(from
(from manual valve
in 2 range)
to B1 (2 range only)
oil pump) The hydraulic pressure applied on
Line
Line pressure
to B2 to C0 the top of the 1-2 and 3-4 shift valves
pressure is discharged and the 1-2 shift valve
is moved up by the force of the
spring. Therefore, the fluid passage
opens to B2.
3-4 shift valve
2-3 shift valve
1-2 shift valve
The operation of C1 and B2 (F1)
shifts up to 2nd gear.
Solenoid valve Planetary gear unit
No.1 No.2 C1 C2 B1 B2 F1 B3 F2 C0 F0 B0
In the "D" range, the engine brake is
1st gear ON OFF not applied because of the operation
2nd gear ON ON
3rd gear OFF ON
of F1. In the "2" range, the fluid pas-
O/D gear OFF OFF sage to B1 is opened and the engine
"L" range only brake is applied.
Operate "2" range only

Hydraulic pressure to the plane-

tary gear unit
C1 from manual valve
C0 from 3-4 shift valve
B2 from 1-2 shift valve
B1 from 1-2 shift valve

3. 3rd gear
The No. 1 solenoid valve is switched
No.1 solenoid valve (OFF) No.2 solenoid valve (ON)
from on to off according to signals
from the ECU.
Line
Drain Drain
(No.1 solenoid valve is off, and No.2
pressure
Line solenoid valve is on.)
pressure Line
pressure
(from
Line oil pump) The hydraulic pressure starts to be
Line pressure
to B2 to C0 applied on the top of the 2-3 shift
pressure
valve, moving down the 2-3 shift
valve. Therefore, the fluid passage
opens to C2.

2-3 shift valve

3-4 shift valve
The operation of C1 and C2 shifts the
to C2
1-2 shift valve
gear up to 3rd gear.

Solenoid valve Planetary gear unit

No.1 No.2 C1 C2 B1 B2 F1 B3 F2 C0 F0 B0
Hydraulic pressure to the plane-
1st gear ON OFF tary gear unit
2nd gear ON ON
3rd gear OFF ON
C1 from manual valve
O/D gear OFF OFF C0 from 3-4 shift valve
"L" range only B2 from 1-2 shift valve
Operate "2" range only
C2 from 2-3 shift valve

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

4. O/D gear
The No. 2 solenoid valve is switched
No.1 solenoid valve (OFF) No.2 solenoid valve (OFF)
from on to off according to signals
from the ECU.
Line (No.1 solenoid valve is off, and No.2
pressure
Line solenoid valve is off.)
pressure

Line
to B0
Line The hydraulic pressure starts to be
Line pressure
to B2
pressure
(from
applied on the top of the 1-2 and 3-4
pressure
oil pump) shift valves, moving down the 3-4
shift valve. (The line pressure from
the 2-3 shift valve is applied at the
bottom of the 1-2 shift valve, so 1-2
2-3 shift valve
3-4 shift valve
shift valve does not move.)
to C2
1-2 shift valve
Therefore, the fluid passage that had
been acting on C0 to B0 is switched
Solenoid valve Planetary gear unit
No.1 No.2 C1 C2 B1 B2 F1 B3 F2 C0 F0 B0
and the gear is shifted up to the O/D
1st gear ON OFF gear.
2nd gear ON ON
3rd gear OFF ON
O/D gear OFF OFF When the overdrive main switch is
"L" range only OFF, it cannot shift up to the O/D
Operate "2" range only
gear. Because the ECU does not
send the signal to turn off the No.2
solenoid valve.

Hydraulic pressure to the plane-

tary gear unit
C1 from manual valve
B0 from 3-4 shift valve
B2 from 1-2 shift valve
C2 from 2-3 shift valve
(1/1)

Description
1 2 3
The shift lever corresponds to the gear
Overdrive main
shift lever of the manual transaxle. The
switch driver can select the driving mode - for-
ward or reverse travel, neutral, and park
- by operating this lever.

There are the following types of shift

levers. The shift lever used depends on
4
the vehicle and grade.

Overdrive main 1. Straight type

switch
2. Column type
Transaxle
shift switch 3. Gate type
4. Straight type with E-shift system

HINT:
The overdrive main switch may also be
called the overdrive OFF switch or the
transaxle (transmission) control switch.
The E-shift type can shift the gear up or
down with the transaxle/transmission
shift switch.
(1/1)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Shift Lever Shift Lever Lock Mechanism

1. Outline
Ignition key Lock pin Parking lock cable Shift lever lock systems are adopted
to prevent mis-operation of the shift
lever.
With this mechanism, when the shift
lever is in the "P" range, the shift
Key Cam Steering lever cannot move unless the ignition
cylinder lock
body key is in the ON position and the
brake pedal is depressed.
Also, when the shift lever is not in the
Shift lock link Shift lock release button
"P" range, the ignition key cannot be
turned from ON or ACC to LOCK and
Shift lock pin the ignition key cannot be removed.
There is a release button for manu-
ally canceling the shift lock mecha-
nism if the battery is dead.
2. Components
The shift lever section includes the
Parking lock cable
shift lock plate, shift lock link, shift
lock solenoid, shift lock computer,
Shift lock plate and shift lock release button.
Shift lock
solenoid Shift lock computer The key cylinder section comprises
such parts as the lock pin and cam.
The lock pin is connected to the shift
lock plate via the parking lock cable.
HINT:
Some models eliminate the parking lock
cable and control with a solenoid valve.
(1/3)

3. Operation
Shift lever (1) Shift lever lock mechanism
knob button
When the shift lever is in the "P"
Push range, unless the ignition key is in
the ON position and the brake pedal
is depressed, no current flows to the
Shift lock plate Shift lock plate shift lock solenoid, so the shift lever
Shift lever
cannot be moved.
When shift lock plate moves to the
Shift lock pin
release side by the shift lock sole-
noid, the shift lever can be moved
Shift lock Shift lock when pushing the shift lever knob
solenoid solenoid
button, the shift lock pin is pushed
down and shift lock link moves down-
Shift lock link Detent plate Shift lock link Detent plate
ward.
When a current is not applied. When a current is applied.

(2/3)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

(2) Key interlock mechanism

When pushing the shift lever knob
button, the shift lock pin is pushed
down and the shift lock link moves
Lock pin
"P" range downward. When the shift lever is
LOCK position Shift lever moved to the ranges except ÅgPÅh
knob button
ACC position
range, the shift lock link is fixed at the
Lever sub assy lock position. And the key cylinder
side lock pin is fixed on the lock side.
Shift lock The effect is that unless the shift
pin
lever is moved to the "P" range, the
ignition key cannot be turned from
"P" range
Shift lock link ON or ACC to LOCK and the ignition
Except "P" range
key cannot be removed.

(3/3)

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit

Exercise

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Exercise, you can use the reference button to check the pages related to the current question. When you get
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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit
Question- 1
Mark each of the statements True or False.
.

No. Question True or False Correct Answers

For the automatic transaxle vehicle, the engine cannot operate by

1 True False
push-starting if the battery is dead.

2 The oil pump is inside the valve body. True False

3 The shift valve is connected to the shift lever directly to operate. True False

Recently, some models control the throttle pressure by the linear

4 True False
solenoid valve instead of the throttle valve.

Question- 2
The following illustration shows the automatic transaxle outline. From the following word group, select the words
that correspond to 1 to 5.
.

Hydraulic control unit

Valve body

Torque converter 1 3 Accelerator pedal

2
Clutches and brakes
Fluid pressure switching (Planetary gear unit)
Various signal
from sensors Shift valves
Lock-up relay valve
etc.
5
Engine & ECT
4
ECU

Shift lever

a) Oil pump b) Manual valve c) Primary regulator valve d) Throttle valve e) Solenoid valves

Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

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Diagnosis Technicain - Automatic Transaxle Hydraulic Control Unit
Question- 3
The following illustration shows the shift lever types. From the following word group, select the words that corre-
spond to 1to 4.
.

1 2 3

Overdrive main
switch

Overdrive main
switch
Transaxle
shift switch

a) Straight type with E-shift system b) Straight type c) Gate type d) Column type

Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Question- 4
The following statements pertain to the roles of each valve. From the following word group, select the words that
correspond to 1to 4.

1. The hydraulic pressure is controlled by the current 2. The hydraulic pressure which is appropriate to the
amount sent from the ECU. accelerator pedal opening angle is created.

3. The fluid passage is switched in order to operate the 4. The hydraulic pressure sent from the oil pump is
hydraulic pressure to the brake or clutch. adjusted to the appropriate pressure.

a) Shift valve b) Primary regulator valve c) Linear solenoid valve d) Throttle valve

Answer: 1. 2. 3. 4.

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