Scribd
Upload
66 views

Array: Array Declaration: 1. One Dimensional Array

Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type under a single name. They have a fixed size and contain elements that are accessed via indexes. Arrays can be one, two, or multi-dimensional. Elements are added to arrays using indexes and the array size must be specified when the array is created using the new operator. The length property returns the size of the first dimension of a multi-dimensional array while the length() method returns the number of characters in a String.

Uploaded by

ameet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views

Array: Array Declaration: 1. One Dimensional Array

Arrays allow storing multiple values of the same type under a single name. They have a fixed size and contain elements that are accessed via indexes. Arrays can be one, two, or multi-dimensional. Elements are added to arrays using indexes and the array size must be specified when the array is created using the new operator. The length property returns the size of the first dimension of a multi-dimensional array while the length() method returns the number of characters in a String.

Uploaded by

ameet
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Array

 Arrays are continuous memory locations having fixed size.


 Where we require storing multiple data elements under single name, there we can use
arrays.
 Arrays are homogenous in nature. It means and integer array can hold only integer
values likewise a String array will hold only String values.
 We can create array of byte, short, int, long, double, float, char, String and Object.
 Arrays cannot grow at runtime. They are fixed in size. This is the limitation of the array.
 We can create arrays of multiple dimensions.
 We can access array elements by means of index.

Array Declaration:

1. One Dimensional Array:


 One-dimensional arrays can hold values up to one dimension only.
 General form of One-Dimensional array is:
<data-type> <var-name>[ ];
 Example: int a[ ]; //This line only declares a as one-dimensional array, but it is not yet
created in ,memory.
 Size is not declared at the time of declaration.
Valid declarations are:
o int[] a;
o int []a;
o int a[];
2. Two-Dimensional Array:
 General form of two-dimensional array is:
<data-type> <var-name>[ ][ ];
 Example: int a[ ][ ];
 Valid declarations are: 0 1 2 3
o int[][] a; a
o int [][]a;
o int a[][];
o int []a[];
o int[] []a;
o int[] a[]
o int a[][]
3. Three-Dimensional array:
 General form of 3D array is:
<data-type> <var-name>[ ][ ][ ];
 Valid declarations are:
o int[][][] a;
o int a[][][];
o int [][][]a;
o int[][] []a;
o int[] [][]a;
o int[] []a[];
o int[] a[][];
o int[][] a[];
o int []a[][];
o int [][]a[];

Array Creation:
 In java, arrays are treated as object. Hence we can create array using ‘new’ operator.
 At the time of creation of array, we have to specify it’s size, else we will get compile time
error.
 E.g int[] a=new int[4]
int[] a=new int[] //this line will give compile time error
 It is legal to have size ‘0’ in java for array.
E.g int[] a=new int[0] //This is legal
 We can specify –ve size of array as well, but it will throw Runtime Exception
‘NegativeArraySizeException’.
 To specify array size, allowed data types are: byte, short, int and char. No other data
types are allowed. If we use other data types, it will throw compile time error.
 E.g. byte b=5;
int[] a= new int[b];
1. Creation of 2-Dimensional Array:
 In java, multi-dimensional arrays are not implemented as matrix; rather they are
implemented as tree structure.
 We usually call multi-dimensional arrays as ‘Array of arrays’
 Main advantage of this approach is memory optimization.
0 1 2
a Dim-1

Dim-2

 Ex. int[][] a=new int[3]


a[0]=new int[2]
a[1]=new int[2]
a[2]=new int[3]
 While creating a multi-dimensional array we have to specify size to consecutive
dimensions.
 Ex. int [][]a=new int[4][3] //Allowed
Int [][]=new int[4][] //Allowed
int [][]a=new int[][4] //Not allowed, because 1st dimension
doesn’t have size.

Adding Elements to Array


 To add elements to array we can follow the below given procedure.
1. Create Array
2. Initialize size
3. Add elements to array at separate indexes.
4. Ex. int a[]=new int[4];
a[0]=11;
a[1]=12
a[2]=13
a[3]=14

 Above method is tedious as it requires more lines of codes to add elements to array.
 A short cut to above method is:
int a[]={11,12,13,14};
 Above line will automatically create an array ‘a’ with size 4. It will contain 4 elements
mentioned in curly braces.
 Same short cut we can use for multi-dimensional arrays as well.
int a[][]={{1,2},{11,12,13},{56}}
 We can also add elements to an array by using Java loops. Below is the program to insert
elements to an array and read inserted elements iteratively.
public class ArrayDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] a=new int[4];
Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
System.out.println("Enter a number:>> ");
a[i]=sc.nextInt();
}

for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {


System.out.println(a[i]);
} } }

length() vs length:
1. length:
 It is a final variable applicable only for arrays only.
 It gives size of array.
 Ex. int a[]=new int[5];
System.out.println(a.length); // This will print 5
2. length():
 length() is the final method applicable only for String objects.
 It returns number of characters in a String.
 Its return type is int.
 Ex. String s=”Testing Shastra”;
System.ut.println(s.length()); //This will print 15.
Please note: number of characters in above string are 14, still it prints 15 because it considers a
space as character.
 In multi-dimensional arrays, length will return size of first dimension only.
 Ex. int a[][]=new int[7][8]
System.out.println(a.length) //This will print 7.
System.out.println(a[0].length) //This will print 8
Quiz

1. Which of the following is a valid declaration of array?


a. int[] a,b;
b. int[] a[],b;
c. int[] []a,b;
d. int[] []a,[]b;
2. Which of the following are invalid declarations of array? You can select multiple.
a. int[] a=new int[];
b. int []a=new int[3];
c. int a[3]=new int[];
d. int[] a=new int[-4]
e. int[] a=new int[5.0]
3. Which of the following declarations are valid?
a. int[] a=new int[];
b. int[][] a=new int[4][3];
c. int a[][]=new int[4][];
d. int a[][][]=new int[3][][4];
4. Which of the following is invalid?
a. int a[]=new int[5];
S.o.p(a.length());
b. int a[]=new int[5];
S.o.p(a.length);
c. String s=”Testing Shastra”;
S.o.p(s.length);
d. String s=”Testing Shastra”;
S.o.p(s.length());

You might also like